Tests in the discipline "Managerial psychology"

List of didactic units

In the discipline "Managerial psychology"

1. Management psychology, its subject and object.

2. The concept of personality, its structure.

3. Individual typological personality traits.

4.Motivation as a factor in personality management.

5. Management and leadership. Leader personality.

6. Leadership styles. Building relationships with partners.

7. Small group as a socio-psychological characteristic of the organization.

8. Phenomenology of the group.

9. Socio-psychological climate in the group.

10. Psychological aspects of human communication.

11. Management technologies.

12.Nature and social role conflict.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERFORMING TESTS

in the discipline "Managerial psychology"

1. 120 minutes are allotted to complete the task in the form of tests for the course "Managerial Psychology".

2. Tests include 80 tasks, which contain:

32 tasks, each of which requires "Find the right answer"

28 tasks, in each of which you need to "Find a match"

20 tests with tasks "Finish the sentence" and "Set the sequence"

1.Find the correct answer:

Management psychology is...

1. The science of the patterns of manifestation and development of the psyche

2. An industry that studies the patterns of human behavior in groups

3A branch that studies the psychological aspects of management.

2.Find a match:

A. The object of managerial psychology

B. The subject of management psychology

1. Mental processes

2. Collectives of people

3. Find a match

A Tasks of psychology

B. Principles of Psychology

1. Unity of consciousness and activity

2. Management of mental processes

3.Personal approach

4. Understanding the essence of mental phenomena

5. Development of the psyche and consciousness in activity

6. Determinism.

4. Find a match

A. Aristotle

B. Plato

1. The soul is material and consists of atoms

2. The soul represents three types of spiritual phenomena: reason, courage, will.

5.Continue the offer

Plato argued that the soul is represented by...

6. Find a match

A. Behaviorism

B. Psychoanalysis

B. Neo-Freudianism

D. Humanistic school

D. Cognitive school

1 TO. Jung, A. Adler

2.A. Maslow, K. Rogers

3.D. watson

4.Fr. Hyder, Newcomb

5.3. Freud

7. Determine the sequence in personality blocks

A. 1st part

B.2nd part

B.3 part

D.4th part

1. Stable features of mental processes

2. Socially determined personality traits

3.Knowledge and skills

4. Biologically determined personality traits.

8. Find the right answer

Individuality is...

1. Reasonable consciousness

2. A unique combination of mental characteristics

3. The ability to be in certain relationships with other people

9. Find a match

A. Ability

B. Makings

V. Talent

D. Genius

1.Anatomical and physiological predisposition

2.High degree of ability for a certain activity

4. Feelings

67. Find a match

A. Passion

B. Stress

B. Frustration

1. Mental state caused objectively or subjectively by insurmountable difficulties

2. Long-term stable intense state associated with some interest

3. Emotional state caused by unusual situations.

68. Find a match

A. Psyche

B. Consciousness

C. Self-awareness

1. The highest form of mental life

2. A person's awareness of himself as a person

3The ability of the brain to reflect the world.

69. Find correspondence

A. Attention

B. Memory

B. Imagination

1. The process of organizing the preservation of past experience

2. The process of creating new images and ideas

70. Find a match

A. Feeling

B. Perception

1. The process of reflection of objects and phenomena in general

2. Mental process of reflection of individual properties of objects and phenomena.

71. Finish the sentence

Methods of research in psychology are...

72. Determine the correct answer

Questionnaire is a method that consists in the fact that ....

1. The subject is given tasks and answers to them

2. Helps to determine the status of a person in a group

3. A written survey of a large number of subjects is carried out

73. Continue the offer

Sociometric research helps ...

74.Find the correct definition

A. Affect

B. Mood

1. Certain actions aimed at achieving consciously set goals

2. Mental state, colored by rapidly growing emotional stress

3. Weak in terms of strength of manifestation, the general emotional state, which is reflected in human behavior

75. Determine the correct answer

Depending on the specific activity, branches of psychology are distinguished ....

1.Social

2. Comparative

3. Pedagogical

4.Space

5. Sports psychology

76. Finish the sentence

Interviewing is a method of psychology in which ...

77. Finish the sentence.

Testing is a method of psychology in which ....

78. Indicate the sequence of the hierarchy of needs according to A. Maslow

1. Self-expression

2. Physiological needs

3.Social

4. Need for respect

5. Need for safety and security

78. Find the right answer

1Appeal to the identity of the employee

2. Appeal to primary needs

3. Representation of complete freedom of action

79. Find the right answer

Democratic leadership style:

1. Appeal to the team

2. Appeal to psychological needs

3.Introduction of self-management

80. Find the right answer

Visual means of communication:

2.Gestures, facial expressions

3.Handshake

4. Distance to the interlocutor

The key to answering tests in the discipline "Managerial psychology"

3.A-2, 4; B-1,3,5,6

6.A-3; B-5; IN 1; G-2; D-4.

7.A-2; B-3; IN 1; G-4.

9.A-3; B-1; AT 2; G-4

14.A-4; B-3; IN 1; G-2

17.A-3; B-4; IN 1; G-2

22.A-3; B-1; AT 2

23.A-1,3,5; B-2,4,6

26.A-4; B-2; IN 1; G-3

29.A-2; B-3; AT 4; G-1

31.A-2; B-1; AT 3;

32.A-2; B-4; B-1; G-5; D-3

34. rules of conduct relevant to a particular institution, activity, situation.

35 ... the interaction of people in their activities, the transfer of information and decision-making.

37.A-2.5; B-1,3,4,6

39….a scientifically established method in which a psychic phenomenon is studied in specially designed and controlled rooms.

40 .... in which the researcher systematically and systematically observes the actions and deeds of a person or a group of people and, based on their behavior and actions, draws a conclusion about the mental phenomena observed.

41….a person viewed as conscious. sentient being with speech and the ability to labor activity and being in a certain relationship with other people.

42. Behaviorism, neobehaviorism, psychoanalysis or Freudianism, neo-Freudianism, cognitive and humanistic schools.

44…..processes through which a person learns the world around him. These include sensation, perception, attention, memory, imagination, thinking, speech.

45.A-2;.B-3; IN 1

46.A-1;B-3; AT 2

47.A-3; B-1; AT 2

48.A-3; B-1; AT 2

49.A-3.6; B-1,2,4,5,

51.A-3; B-1; AT 2

54.A-2.3; B-4; IN 1

55….to action with a specific focus

56.A-2.4; B-1,3,5

58. Motivation………to achieve personal and organizational goals

59. A-1,2,4; B-3.5

62. Need…..lack

63.A-2; B-3; IN 1

64 A-3; B-1; AT 2

65 A-4; B-3; IN 1; G-2

67.A-2; B-3; IN 1

68.A-3; B-1; AT 2

69.A-3; B-1; AT 2

71 .... ways of knowing the mental life of a person

73…..determine informal groups, informal leader, the status of each member of the team.

74.A-2; B-3; IN 1

76 ... .. oral survey of a large number of subjects and based on their answers, the problem is identified and solved

Anxiety is a child of evolution

Anxiety is a feeling familiar to absolutely everyone. Anxiety is based on the instinct of self-preservation, which we inherited from distant ancestors and which manifests itself in the form of a defensive reaction “Flight or fight”. In other words, anxiety does not arise from scratch, but has evolutionary grounds. If at a time when a person was constantly in danger in the form of an attack by a saber-toothed tiger or an invasion of a hostile tribe, anxiety really helped to survive, then today we live in the safest time in the history of mankind. But our instincts continue to operate at a prehistoric level, creating many problems. Therefore, it is important to understand that anxiety is not your personality flaw, but an evolutionary mechanism that is no longer relevant in modern conditions. The disturbing impulses that were once necessary for survival have now lost their purpose, turning into neurotic manifestations that significantly limit the life of anxious people.

"Tasks on the psychology of management"

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Subjects of control works

Topic 1. The content and objectives of the discipline "Psychology of management"

Option 1.

1. What is the subject and object of science "Psychology of Management"?

2. What concept is the main category of the discipline "Psychology of management"? Analyze it.

3. Do you agree with the statement that the contradictions and paradoxes of management in most cases have psychological causes? Illustrate your answer.

When considering the first question, correlate the difference between the object and subject of science "management psychology". The object of management psychology is the organized activity of people, not just united by common goals and interests, it is the activity of people united in one organization, obeying the rules and norms of this organization. The subject of science considers the psychological aspects of the leadership process various types joint activities And interpersonal communication in organizations, i.e. psychological aspects of managerial relations. Some authors define the subject as a system of "man - technology" and "man - man", while others only as "man - man". This question is debatable, your right to cite the opinions of various authors and analyze them.

SecondThe question involves consideration of such a concept as managerial activity. It is no coincidence that the management psychology course covers in detail psychological structure, composition and content of the leader's activities; reveals the system managerial functions and characterizes their main psychological patterns.

More on essence management activities, which is defined as a form of the subject's active attitude to reality, aimed at achieving consciously set goals and associated with the creation of socially significant values. It should be emphasized that human activity is conscious; associated with the manufacture, use and storage of tools; wears public character, carried out in a group, according to social laws, and in its process a person enters into complex social interactions with other people.

ThirdThe question involves an independent analysis of the socio-psychological aspect of the phenomenon of management. Give any specific example of a contradiction in management due to psychological reasons. The psychological aspects of the leader's activity include the psychological characteristics of managerial work in general, the psychological analysis of the leader's personality, individual style management and much more.

Aksenenko Yu.M., Kasparyan V.N. etc. Sociology and psychology of management. - Rostov n / a, 2001.

Veresov N.N. Psychology of management. - M., 2001.

Urbanovich A.A. Psychology of management. – Minsk, 2003.

Kasyanik P.M. Psychology of Management: Lecture Notes. - M.: AST, St. Petersburg: Owl, 2005.

Option 2.

1. What is the difference between the science of management and the science of psychology of management?

2. How does management psychology compare with general psychology?

3. Specify what problems management psychology studies, in contrast to labor psychology?

a) compliance of the employee with a particular organization

b) compliance of the employee with his profession

c) analysis of the influence of the organization on the socio-psychological structure and development of the team and personality.

d) studying the personality of an employee in an organization

e) professional selection

f) career guidance

Firstthe question involves, first of all, an analysis of the concepts: "management", "social management", "organization", "subject and object of management". social management This is a continuous process of influence of the leader (management subject) on an organized group of people or on any of this group separately (management object) to organize and coordinate their joint activities to achieve the best results. It is important to note that the system of managerial relations is based on two socio-psychological phenomena: proper management and subordination.

When considering the subject of management psychology, you can distinguish the following three levels of psychological and managerial issues: psychological aspects of the leader's activity, psychological aspects of the organization's activity as a subject and object of management; psychological aspects of the interaction of the leader with the members of the organization.

SecondThe question involves the consideration of those concepts and phenomena that are the subject of study of both psychology and management psychology. These are such concepts as: motivation, personality, will, emotions, feelings, etc. It is important to note that, unlike general psychology, in which the main problem of study is the problem of personality, in management psychology it is considered in an applied aspect: as a subject and object of management .

When answering the third question, you should think about what management psychology studies in contrast to psychodiagnostics and sociology.

Johnson R., Kast F., Rosenzweig D. Systems and leadership. – M.: Progress, 1971.

Karpov A.V. Psychology of management. - M., 1999.

Milner B.Z. Theory of organizations. - M., 1998

Ramendik D.M. Management psychology. – M.: Moscow-Forum, 2006.

Kurtikov N.A. Psychology and sociology of management. - M .: GUU book world, 2005.

Topic 2. Psychological aspect of the management process.

Option 3.

1. Describe such a function of the subject of management as goal setting.

2. Name the specific forms of organization of activities and characterize such a form of management as an organization.

3. Which of the following factors that affect a person's satisfaction with work are related to the actual motivational (directly related to the labor process)?

a) salary

b) labor success

c) working conditions

d) degree of responsibility

e) official and professional duty

In answering the first question, one should consider the place and role of this management function along with others. Goal setting involves reviewing past experience, analyzing the present situation, and setting realistic goals for the future. How are goals related to motivation, can they stimulate the processes of self-organization. There are a number of concepts of personal and organizational effectiveness that are based on an in-depth process of goal setting. We can consider some of them, for example, six types of goal-setting by R. Dilts.

When answering the second question, one should start with the fact that the organization involves the creation of such a system in which three components logically fit: a working person or group of people; economic relations; technical means. Identify specific forms of organization of activities and describe them. Contemporary Information society contributed to the emergence of new types of organizations: adhocracy, multidimensional, participatory, and entrepreneurial type organizations. List the factors that contribute to the emergence of new organizational structures.

Third questionrefers to the concept of motivation. When performing the test, you must remember that motives are based on a system of human needs, form his activity, encourage him to make choices and determine goals.

Stolyarenko H.D. Psychology of management. - Rostov n / D .: Phoenix, 2006.

Shikun A.F., Filinova I.M. Managerial psychology. - M .: Aspect - Press, 2006.

Mashkov V.N. Psychology of management. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002.

Milner B.Z. Theory of organizations. - M., 1998.

Rozanova V.A. Psychology of management - M .: Personnel management, 1999.

Option 4..

1. What is the function of motivation in management for?

2. What role does the control and correction function of management play and what should be the control?

3. Which of the following requirements apply to control?

a) constancy

b) totality

c) openness

d) efficiency

e) formality

First questionwill require you to elaborate on the concept of motivation. Motivation is the totality of the most persistent motives that determine the direction of the individual, its value, orientation and activity in general. Sometimes activity and stimulation of orientation are added to this definition. Pay attention to the position that any needs are the basis of motives and motivation. Try to prove that it is the creation, maintenance and development of the motivation of performers that is the most important function of a leader.

The answer to the second question presupposes consideration of the control and correction function of management, and not just control as a check. It is important to dwell in detail on the principles of organization of control: efficiency, focus on results, adequacy of the content of the activity, simplicity, economy, objectivity. The control system should be adequate to the personality of the leader.

When answering the third question, one should refer to those characteristics of control that make it possible to consider it as an important corrective management function. Think about whether all of the listed requirements can be considered as mandatory for the implementation of control?

Practical psychology for economists and managers (under the editorship of M.K. Tutushkina. - St. Petersburg, 2002.

Mashkov V.N. Psychology of management. - St. Petersburg: Neva, 2002.

Maslow A. Motivation and personality. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003.

Maklakov A.G. General psychology. - St. Petersburg, 2005

Kabachenko T.S. Psychology of management.- M., 2000

Vesnin V.R. Practical management of a person. - M., 1998

Option 5.

1. Motivation as a personality control factor.

2. Consider the main provisions of the concept of "ideal bureaucracy" by M. Weber. Note what can be attributed to the shortcomings of bureaucracy.

3. In what case can we talk about effective control in management activities. Give a specific example and justify your conclusion.

First questioninvolves, first of all, an analysis of the very concept of motivation and only then an appeal to existing concepts of motivation. Most authors reduce it to the concepts of mental phenomena, which at a certain moment become incentives for action. (K.K. Platonov). What hierarchy of needs did A. Maslow propose? It is important to note that he was the first to propose a classification of needs and the relationships between them, building a kind of hierarchy in which higher demands do not come to the fore until the lower needs are satisfied. Consider A. Maslow's scheme and analyze it.

Second questioninvolves not just a listing of the principles of the ideal construction of an organization, proposed by M. Weber at the beginning of the last century, but also an analysis of this “order”. What can be attributed to the shortcomings of bureaucracy today. Think about the question: how the strengthening of psychological factors in management is reflected in the creation of new organizational structures of the enterprise.

Third questionis devoted to such a function of managerial activity as control. pay attention to modern principles organization of control, as well as the problem of compliance of the control system with a certain style of management. The example you gave should illustrate the position you are defending.

Maslow A. Motivation and personality. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003.

Aseev V.G. Personality and significance of motives. - M.: IP RAS, 1993.

Ladanov I.D. Practical management. – M.: Nika, 1992.

Sushkov I.R. Psychology of relationships. - M., 1999

Urbanovich A.A. Psychology of management. - Minsk, 2003

Topic 4. Personality as a subject of management.

Option 6.

1. Correlate the concepts of "person", "individual", "personality"

2. Consider the structure of personality.

3. Correlate the psychological schools of personality study and their representatives.

a) K. Jung, A. Adler, E. Fromm.

b) I.P. Pavlov

c) A. Maslow, K. Rogers.

1) learning theory

2) psychoanalysis

3) humanistic psychology

The answer to the first question should include detailed definitions of the listed categories. When defining the concept of man, it is important to note that this is a generic concept and at the same time it is a specific, unique unity of biological and social. As a biological being, he is subject to biological and physiological laws; as a social being, he is a product of social development. Personality expresses the relation of a person to a particular society, a particular era and culture. Note that individuality is an indispensable and most important sign of personality, the unity of the unique personal properties of a particular person.

When answering the second question, three positions of the personality structure can be distinguished: 1. universal human properties (sensations, perception, thinking, memory, will, emotions); 2. socially specific features (social attitudes, roles, value orientations); 3.individually-unique features (temperament, combination of roles, self-awareness) Describe in detail these components of the personality structure.

Third questioninvolves a detailed analysis of these areas. Describe such a direction as psychoanalysis. What psychoanalysis says about the sources of psychic energy, impulses and instincts, whether the conscious or the unconscious is more significant in shaping thinking and behavior. What is the essence of the concept of I.P. Pavlov, how the concept of a conditioned reflex was applied to the theory of learning by J. Watson. What are the main provisions of humanistic psychology.

Psychology and ethics business communication(under the editorship of Lavrinenko V.N.) - M.: UNITI, 2006.

Krysko V. Social psychology.- M., 2003

Kunitsina V.N., Kazarinova N.V., Pogolsha V.M. Interpersonal communication. - St. Petersburg: Neva, 2001.

Ostrovsky E.V., Chernyshova L.I., Psychology and Pedagogy. - M .: Vuzovsky textbook, 2005.

Stolyarenko A.D. Fundamentals of psychology. - Rostov n / D .: Phoenix, 1997.

Egides A.P. How to understand people, or the psychological drawing of a personality. - M .: AST-Press-Kniga, 2002.

Nemov R.S. Psychology: A textbook for students of higher pedagogical institutions. - M.: Prosveshchenie-Vlados, 1994.

Jung K.G. Psychological types.- M.: AST-Press-Kniga, 1998.

Topic 3. Psychology of the subject of management.

Option 7.

1. What is the role of cognitive processes in management activities.

2. How do moral standards of behavior differ from etiquette norms in management activities.

3. Correlate the concepts and their definitions

a) personality

b) temperament

c) character

1) individual psychological characteristics of a person, which determine the dynamics of the course of his mental processes and behavior

2) a set of essential stable mental properties of a person that manifest themselves in his attitude to reality and leave an imprint on his behavior and actions

3) an individual included in the system of interpersonal and social relations, the subject of conscious activity

When answering the first question, one should briefly dwell on the characteristics of the main cognitive processes: sensation, perception, thinking, memory, etc. It is important to note that sensations, perception and thinking are inseparable parts of a single process of reflecting reality. Attention as a psychophysiological process characterizes the dynamic features of cognitive processes. Memory is the basis of mental activity, dwell on its types, properties, individual characteristics. The main attention should be paid to the role that these processes play in managerial activity.

Second questioninvolves an appeal to such a difficult topic as moral problems in management activities. Define the concept of morality. It is important to note that moral norms are expressed in general ideas, commandments, about how one should behave in society, but it is precisely in the contradiction between the proper and the real (really existing morality) that the contradictory essence of business communication and human behavior lies. Describe the concept of etiquette, paying attention to the fact that a feature of etiquette is the observance of formal rules of conduct that regulate the behavior of people in certain business situations. Compliance with etiquette standards professional activity does not imply that he has moral culture. The example you provided from your own business practice will make your answer more persuasive.

When answering the third question, correlate the concepts: “person”, “individual”, “personality”. Distinguishing between the concepts of temperament and character is important in management psychology, because. unlike temperament, character is a set of stable properties of an individual, in which the ways of his behavior and ways of emotional response are expressed. Temperament acts as the natural basis of character. Give examples of the manifestation of these psychological characteristics in a managerial situation.

Radugin A.A. Psychology and Pedagogy.- M.: Center, 1999.

Petrovsky A.V., Yaroshevsky M.G. Psychology: Textbook for students of higher pedagogical educational institutions. - M.: Academy, 1998.

Rozanova V.A. Psychology of management.- M .: LLC "Journal" Personnel Management ", 1999.

Psychology and ethics of business communication (under the editorship of Lavrinenko V.N.). - M .: Unity - 2006.

Option 8.

1. Why is the awareness of responsibility the most important regulator of human behavior in a team?

2. Describe the main styles of management.

3. Define the terms:

a) memory

b) thinking

c) perception

d) feeling

1) the mental process of reflecting objects and phenomena of reality in the aggregate of their various properties and parts with a direct impact on the senses

2) the mental process of reflecting the individual properties of objects and phenomena of the material world that directly affect our senses

3) a form of mental reflection, which consists in fixing, preserving and subsequent reproduction of past experience

4) a generalized reflection of objective reality in its laws, the most significant connections and relationships

The answer to the first question presupposes an understanding of the concept itself - responsibility, as an obligation imposed on someone or taken by someone to account for any of their actions and take the blame for their possible consequences. It is important to point out that responsibility is directly related to the fulfillment of obligations, which is understood as “a promise or contract requiring unconditional fulfillment from the one who accepted them.” Responsibility is the most important property of a person. It is necessary to consider the question of who is the subject of responsibility and what is the importance of awareness of responsibility in management activities.

When answering the second question, pay attention to the characteristics of the personal qualities of the leader that affect the effectiveness of management (dominance, balance, creativity, responsibility, etc.) When analyzing traditional leadership styles (authoritarian, democratic, liberal), it is important to correlate them psychological characteristics. What mechanisms of influence are characteristic of these styles.

Third questionit is recommended to start with a consideration of the role and significance of cognitive processes in management activities. How significant is the role of individual-style differences in perception, memory, thinking of people who are subjects or objects of management activity.

Frankl V. Man in search of meaning (Translated from English and German - M .: Progress, 1990.

Frommm E. Psychoanalysis and ethics (Translated from English - M.: Respublika, 1993.

Aronson E. Social animal. Introduction to social psychology (Translated from English by M.A. Kovalchuk, edited by V.S. Magun - M.: Aspect-Press, 1999.

Shikun A.F., Filinova I.M. Managerial psychology and applied value. - St. Petersburg: Neva, 2003.

Option 9.

1. What is special about coaching as a management style?

2. Present and analyze comparative characteristics leadership and guidance.

3. What concept is characterized by the definition: “a person’s awareness and experience of responsibility based on self-assessment of the performance of duties”? How does this concept relate to the moral responsibility of a leader?

a) debt.

b) conscience.

c) locus of control.

First questioninvolves the analysis of such a management style that focuses on obtaining results in the process of personal development of the student. The question to be answered is whether coaching is only a management style or is it also a management consulting process. Can a coach advise in several professional areas? Whether the coach solves the problem itself or helps the person find their own solution. Is coaching an analysis of the mistakes and problems of an employee or an analysis of future opportunities?

Second questionshould be considered on the basis of the position that if leadership is a management function, then leadership is defined as a natural socio-psychological process in a group, built on the influence of the personal authority of the leader on the behavior of group members. What are the sources and forms of influence on the organization of the leader and manager? List the common traits of a leader and leader.

Third questionis not just a definition of the most important moral concept, but also involves consideration of the role and significance of the moral responsibility of the manager in the process of managerial activity.

Kabatchenko T.S. Psychology of management. - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.

Ognev A. Organizational consulting in the style of coaching. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2003.

Gibson JL, Ivantsevich DMonelli DH, Organizations: behavior, structure, processes. - M.: Progress, 2000

Kochunas R. Fundamentals of psychological counseling - M., 1999

Todd J., Bogart A.K., Fundamentals of Clinical and Counseling Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Progress, 2001

Option 10.

1. Describe the concept of the effectiveness of managerial activity - the "managerial grid" of Blake and Mouton.

2. Describe the managerial abilities of senior management.

3. Which of the following factors that affect a person's job satisfaction are "external" in relation to the job itself?

1) recognition of merit

2) degree of responsibility

3) social status

4) job retention guarantees

5) working conditions

When answering the first question, indicate what measures Blake and Mouton proposed to measure the effectiveness of managerial activity. What five types of leaders can be identified using such evaluation criteria as: “degree of attention to production” and “degree of attention to people”. Describe these management styles and indicate which of them are most common.

Second questioninvolves consideration modern changes in management activities. Analyze why today's top managers should be able to build and develop teams, focus on employee development, delegate responsibility and create the need for initiative. It is important to consider such top management skills as: cognitive (information retrieval, conceptualization, conceptual flexibility); directive (impact, self-confidence, presentation); proactive abilities (orientation to success); motivational (interpersonal search, managerial interaction, development orientation).

Third questionallows you to dwell on the concept of motivation and the mechanisms of motivation. It is important to note that if the motive acts as an internal motivation of a person to act, then the incentive is external circumstance, which, affecting the basic needs of a person, encourages him to activity, i.e. becomes a motive. These concepts should also be correlated with the category of need, which is the psychological state of a person associated with a feeling of lack of something. Give a specific example of your chosen motivational factors.

Kochetkova A.I. Psychological foundations modern management personnel.- M.: Zertsalo, 1999

Schmidt R. The art of communication.-M., Progress, 1992.

Santalainen T., Voutilainen E., Porenne P. Management by results. M.: Progress-Univers, 1993.

Molodchik A.V. Management: strategy, structure, personnel. - M .: HSE Publishing House, 1997.

Sidorenko E.V. Motivational training. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2000.

Lyubimov A.Yu. Communication skill. – M.: KSP+, 2000.

Topic 4. Psychology of the control object.

Option 11.

1. Describe the content theories of motivation (A. Maslow) and process theories of motivation (Vroom, Porter, Lawler)

2. Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation.

3. What concept is characterized as "an official in an organization endowed with authority and responsible for the performance of all management functions"?

a) leader

b) manager

c) a group member who plays a key role

When answering the first question, one should start with the fact that, according to the concept of A. Maslow, the behavior of a person is determined by his strongest in this moment need. List these needs and explain what factors contribute to the satisfaction of secondary needs. What is the difference between process theories of motivation, for example, the theory of expectations.

In answering the second question, it is important to correlate the positions discussed above with Herzberg's position that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are caused by different factors. Name the factors of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. What did Herzberg understand by "hygienic factors"? How true is this concept today.

The answer to the third question presupposes not only the correct choice of the term, but also the characterization of these socio-psychological concepts. Give specific examples to clarify these concepts.

Morozov A.V. business psychology: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Union Publishing House, 2000.

Shadrikov V.D. Psychology of activity and human abilities. - M.: Logos, 1996.

Meskon M., Albert M., Hedouri F. Fundamentals of Management (Translated from English - M .: Delo, 1997.

Topic 8. Psychological features development and execution activities management decisions.

Option 12.

1. Name and describe the stages of managerial decision-making

2. Describe the methods of individual and group decision making.

3. Indicate which method of decision making is preferable:

1) collective

2) individual

a) under time pressure

b) to avoid subjectivity

c) for greater thoughtfulness of possible consequences

d) in the presence of a conflict situation

e) with low qualification of employees

f) to reduce the resistance of those who disagree

When answering the first question, it is important to point out that management decisions are made at all stages of management. Decisions are made in the performance of all management functions (planning, organization, leadership, motivation, control). Give a specific example of a managerial decision and list its stages, starting with the formulation of the problem and ending with the control of the implementation of the decision.

Second questionIt is recommended to start with the definition of the concept of management decision. Describe the types of leaders who make decisions, the choice of the correct decision-making method depends on this. Indicate whether the leader is relieved of responsibility when making a group decision? Consider situations of constructive choice of collective and individual decision-making methods. (You can use the concept of V. Vroom and F. Yetton of five decision-making styles).

Third questionis a logical continuation of the second. Illustrate the performance of the test with a specific business example.

Andreeva G.M. Social Psychology. – M.: Aspect-Press, 2000.

Burnard F. Training of interpersonal interaction. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.

Kelly G., Armstrong R. Decision-making training. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

Aseev V.G. Personality and significance of motives.- M.: IP RAN, 1993.

Rozanova V.A. Psychology of management. - M .: LLC "Journal" Personnel Management ", 2003.

Option 13.

1. Types of management decisions.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of the collective decision-making method.

3. Specify the sequence of stages of the decision-making process:

1) consideration of solutions

2) decision-making

3) problem study

4) analysis and control of solution implementation

5) development and goal setting (problem statement)

6) bringing the decision to the performers

7) selection and justification of efficiency criteria and possible consequences of decisions made

8) choice and final formulation of the decision

When answering the first question, it is important to start with the definition of a managerial decision, which is defined as the choice of an alternative to achieve a set goal. Management decisions can be classified according to various criteria: by the degree of influence on the future of the organization, by scale, in accordance with the time horizon, by the duration of the implementation period, by functional purpose. Describe and characterize these species.

Second questioninvolves consideration of the concepts - managerial activity and managerial decision. What are the fundamental differences between collective and individual decision making. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Give examples to illustrate your conclusions.

The answer to the third question will allow you not only to determine the sequence of stages in making managerial decisions, but also involves an analysis of the content of each of the stages you have named.

Litvak M.E. Command or obey. Management Psychology.-Rostov-on-Don.: Phoenix, 2003.

Morozov A.V. Business psychology: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Soyuz, 2000.

Markova A.K. Psychology of professionalism. - M .: International Humanitarian Foundation Knowledge, 1996

Topic 9. Leader's health. Management activities in extreme and stressful situations.

Option 14

1. Concept and types of stress.

2. What are the ways to prevent and manage stress.

3. Match the concepts and their definitions:

1) affect

2) stress

3) frustration

4) depression

a) a condition that occurs in an extreme situation, requiring a person to mobilize strength and energy

b) a state of mental disorder, depression, characterized by a breakdown and a decrease in activity

c) the emotional state arising from failures, accompanied by an experience of hopelessness, the collapse of hopes

d) a short-term, violently flowing emotional reaction, an emotional outburst that violates volitional control

When answering the first question, it is important to characterize the concept of "stress", to indicate which of the researchers first analyzed this phenomenon. Name and describe the types of stress. Do the same irritants act on people in the same way, if not, what is the reason for this. What is the difference between "stress" and "stressor". List and describe the phases of stress. Answer the question - are stresses necessary condition people's lives.

Answer to the second questioninvolves considering the problem - whether stress is amenable to control influences. List ways to prevent it. Analyze if you are more stressed weak people than strong; are stressors - high claims; Is it easy to identify sources of stress?

Third questioninvolves not only the choice of the correct answer, but also a detailed analysis of the listed psychological concepts. Give a specific example from business practice.

Myasishchev V.N. Personality and neuroses. - L .: LGU, 1960.

Markova A.K. Psychology of professionalism. - M.: Knowledge, 1996

Kurtikov N.A. Psychology and sociology of management. - M .: Knizhny Mir, 2005.

Tarasov A.N. Socio-psychological features of the functioning of the personnel service in modern conditions. Textbook.- M.: GUU, 2003.

Pankratov V.N. Self-regulation of mental health. - M., 2001.

Carlson D. Common Mistakes small business. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1998

Option 15

1. Causes and sources of stress.

2. stress and distress

3. Which of the following statements are false.

1) Stress is for weak people

2) I cannot be held responsible for the stress in my life, we are all victims of it

3) I always know when I am overstressed

4) All people react to stress in the same way.

5) when stressed, all you need to do is first of all relax

6) The most important intervention in the fight against stress is psychotherapy.

In answering the first question, it is important to start with a definition of stress. Indicate who introduced this term into scientific circulation and developed the concept of stress as an adaptive reaction of the body to the impact of extreme factors. Indicate whether the stress effect of external influences depends on the type of specific adaptive responses to them. Name the phases of stress development. Briefly describe the physiological nature of stress.

Second questioninvolves the correlation of the category "stress" and "distress". Indicate whether any emotional shake-up is a stressor (source of stress). Indicate whether this increases the resistance of the organism. What causes distress. Give an example to illustrate your reasoning.

The answer to the third question should not only be in choosing the correct positions in the test, but also in analyzing the content of the statements you have chosen.

Eysenck G., Eysenk M. The study of the human psyche: Translated from English. Moscow: Eksmo-Press, 2001.

Linchevsky E.E. Mastery managerial communication: a leader in everyday contacts and conflicts. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002.

Pankratov V.N. Self-regulation of mental health.- M., 2001

Steiner K. How to relieve stress. - M .: Progress-Univers, 1993.

Topic 10. Administrative and psychological consulting.

Option 16

1. Essence and tasks of management consulting

2. Psychological problems of managers and entrepreneurs

3. What group exercises are used in the process of socio-psychological counseling in the organization:

1) group discussion

2) role play

3) brainstorming

4) psychodiagnostic methods

When answering the first question, it should be noted what the content and objectives of management consulting are. It is important to point out that management consulting is focused on ensuring that a subordinate, or a group as a whole, achieves professional competence on their own, solving the problems they face and achieving greatest realization their abilities. Does the socio-psychological competence of the manager affect the level of management consulting. Indicate whether management consulting should be aimed at achieving goals only in business or also in interpersonal relationships, health, career, education.

When answering the second question, it is important to point out that psychological problems in managerial activity are due to the laws of power hierarchical relations of control and subordination. Name and characterize such personal deformations in the professional activities of a manager as: authoritarianism, demonstrativeness, overestimation own experience, professional aggression, social hypocrisy, economy of forces, overcontrol. Analyze whether professional deformation essential component of professional experience.

The answer to the third question involves the analysis of the concept of "managerial - psychological counseling". Answer what tasks it solves and what are its functions.

Kochunas R. Fundamentals of psychological counseling.- M.: Academic Project, 1999.

Ekman P. Psychology of lies. - Kyiv: Logos, 1999.

Rogers K.R. A look at psychotherapy. The formation of man: Per. from English - M.: Progress, 1994.

Fomishin S.V., Chernov Yu.V. Management consulting. International experience. - Rostov-on-Don.: Phoenix, 2006.

Drucker P.F. Tasks of management in the 21st century: Per. from English: Uch. settlement - M.: Williams, 2002.

Option 17

1. Coaching as a type of management activity.

2. Key skills in coaching.

3. Compare the following types of communication barriers in managerial communication and their definitions:

1. Semantic.

2. Logical.

3. Substituting-distorting.

4. Phonetic misunderstanding.

5. Stylistic.

A. The communicator's reasoning is either too complicated or seems wrong to the recipient.

B. Different dialects, speech defects, incorrect grammatical structure.

B. Difference in systems of meanings (thesauri) of participants in communication.

D. Distortion of information when transmitted through several people.

D. Discrepancy between the communicator's speech style and the situation (psychological state) of communication.

When answering the first question, it is important to start by defining the concept of coaching as a process of learning and personal development of another person, in which the main emphasis is on the student achieving his goals on his own. What is the primary focus of coaching? Is coaching a type of management activity only in business? Should the coach be an expert in the area in which the client works. What is the difference between coaching management and coaching consulting.

When answering the second question, it should be noted that the key skills include: listening; active listening (summarizing, paraphrasing); communication cycle; asking questions; Feedback. Describe the listed skills. What is their role in the management consulting process.

The third question involves not only the answer to the test task, but also the characteristics of these types of communication barriers. Provide specific business examples that illustrate the consequences of communication errors.

Psychology of management: Lecture notes / Compiled by P.M. Kasyanik.- M.: AST, St. Petersburg: Owl, 2005.

Kochetkova A.I. Psychological foundations of modern personnel management. - M.: Zertsalo, 1999.

Whitmore J. Coaching – a new style of management and personnel management. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2001.

Personnel management of the organization (under the editorship of Kibanov A. Ya.) - M., 1997.

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rubles

Reviewer

Management Psychology: Workshop. - Stavropol: Publishing House of SKI BUPK, 2008. - 94p.

Workshop

Psychology of management

E.V. Gukasova

K.M. Oganyan

Tsyrenova Anzhelika Antsiferovna

WORKSHOP ON THE COURSE

"FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT THEORY"

Raktikum to the course "Fundamentals of Management Theory"

EDUCATIONAL MANUAL

Editor R.A. Bagaeva

Signed for printing 228.1204.2011 Format 60X 60x84 1/16

Conv. p.l. 17.90255.3 Circulation 100 copies. Order No. 29399

VSGUTU publishing house

670013. Ulan-Ude, st. Klyuchevskaya 40, in

@© ESSUTU, 2011

cand. psychol. Sciences, Associate Professor K.M. Oganyan,

cand. economy Sciences, Associate Professor E.V. Gukasova

cand. tech. Sci., Professor Borisov S.V.

The workshop includes questions for discussion, topics for essays, recommended literature, psychological tests and problem situations on the topics of the course.

Designed for students studying the discipline "Psychology of Management", specializing in "Organization Management", "Economics and Management at the Enterprise".

© Publishing house SKI BUPK

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..

Topic 1. Psychology of management as a science……………………………………………………..

Topic 2. Personality as an object and subject of management……..……………………………………

Topic 3. The art of managing people …………...…………………………………………….

Topic 4. Communication and management activities …………………………………………….

Topic 5. Business conversation as a type of managerial communication…………………………………..

Topic 6. business meeting as a type of managerial communication ……………………………..

Topic 7. Negotiations as a type of managerial communication ……………………………………..

Topic 8. Management decision making and decision managerial tasks ……………

Topic 9. Conflicts and stresses in business communication…………………………………………….

Topic 10. Ethics, culture and etiquette in business communication……………………………………….

Themes scientific works, reports on the discipline "Psychology of Management"...............

Glossary of terms……………………………………………………………………………

Literature…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Speaking about management, most often they mean its economic or technological aspects. But no less important, and sometimes decisive, are its psychological aspects. Conflicts, a bad psychological climate in a team usually arise from improper organization of relationships, from misunderstanding or non-compliance with the laws of psychology in managing people.

The purpose of management psychology as a science and practice is to provide psychological training for managers, the formation or development of their psychological management culture, the creation necessary preconditions for theoretical understanding and practical study of the most important problems in the field of management

In the psychology of management, both the individual worker, and the social group, and the team act in the context of the organization to which they belong, and without which their analysis in terms of management is incomplete.

The main topics of research in management psychology: the study of the personality of an employee in an organization, analysis of the organization's influence on the socio-psychological structure and development of the team.

The most relevant psychological problems for the organization in the field of management psychology are the issues of increasing the professional competence of managers (managers) at all levels, i.e. improvement of management styles, interpersonal communication, decision-making, strategic planning and marketing, overcoming stress and more; improving the efficiency of training and retraining methods management personnel; search and activation human resources organizations; evaluation and selection (selection) of managers for the needs of the organization; assessment and improvement of the socio-psychological climate, rallying personnel around the goals of the organization.

Psychology of management, studying the structure, specifics and features of management activity, shows ways and means of turning it into effective tool solving various managerial problems. To master management activity means to be able to organize each of its components in the most effective way. Mastering one's own activity, turning oneself into a subject of activity, is the mastery of each of its psychologically significant components. And in order to master each component of your activity, you need to know these components, and the psychological structure of activity in general, and managerial activity in particular.

When studying the “Psychology of Management”, the student masters a general educational discipline that forms his general psychological knowledge and skills as future specialists in consumer cooperation in the field of managerial relations.

The purpose of the workshop is to offer practical material that actively forms the skills of a psychological managerial culture of interpersonal interaction in the field of solving problems of managerial activity.

The workshop contains ten topics in which questions for discussion, topics of abstracts, recommended literature, practical tasks are proposed, consisting of psychological tests, situations for analysis, trainings. In addition, the manual offers exemplary topics of scientific papers, reports on the discipline and a glossary of terms.

Situation 1

Anton Vasilkov was lucky - he got a job in a joint venture. Very often, after a working day, he, along with his German colleagues, went to the bar to drink beer and chat. Relations, as it seemed to Anton, were increasingly turning from business into friendships. The next day, after the next "gatherings", Anton turned to Peter Berg, who was sitting next to him in the office: "Remember, you told yesterday how you and Martin made a brawl in a restaurant?" To which a very sharp answer followed: "Anton, do your job." The young man was discouraged - yesterday he and Peter were best friends, and today such treatment.

How would you explain to Anton the reason for the disagreement with your German colleague?

1. Peter is a rude, ill-mannered person.

2. Peter is convinced that what was said in a private conversation should not be made public.

3. Peter believes that you should not talk about extraneous things in the workplace.

4. It is unpleasant for Peter to remember an incident from his life, which he told about while drinking heavily.

You chose explanation #1. In the proposed situation, there is no indication of Peter's bad manners. On the contrary, Anton, who had been talking to him for a long time and considered Peter his friend, was clearly shocked by his sharp rebuff. Return to the situation and make a different choice.

You chose explanation #2. This is a very likely answer - the rules of good manners dictate that the content of a private conversation should not be made public. But there is no indication in the situation that anyone could hear the conversation of colleagues sitting at adjacent tables. Try to find a more precise explanation.

You chose explanation #3. This the best option response. Germans usually do not confuse the concepts of friendship and business relations. Therefore, they believe that in a bar you can talk about any topic, and in the workplace - only on topics directly related to work. A Russian who interacts with German partners and does not adhere to this principle may be considered tactless, unceremonious, intrusive and ill-mannered.

You chose explanation #4. This possibility cannot be ruled out, and then Peter's negative reaction to Anton's statements is understandable. But this explanation does not fully reveal the situation. Try to find a more precise explanation.

Situation 2

Here are the stereotypes of representatives of several nations. Determine which peoples these characteristics apply to:

1. Generous, patient, simple-minded, disorganized, broad nature, likes to drink, fair, open.

2. Polite, restrained, pedantic, uncommunicative, imperturbable, conservative, neat, conscientious, graceful.

3. Aggressive, greedy, vindictive, lazy, impudent, dishonest, immoral, rude.

4. Elegant, gallant, talkative, deceitful, charming, depraved, stingy, frivolous, uninhibited.

5. Neat, pedantic, executive, economical, uninteresting, corrosive, restrained, stubborn, efficient.

6. Talented, kind, fair, hardworking, charming, strong, self-confident, honest.

7. Proud, traditional, respectful of elders, vengeful, hospitable, slightly arrogant.

This refers to the following peoples:

1. Russians.

2. English.

3. Projective variant (absolutely negative stereotype).

4. French.

6. Projective variant (absolutely positive stereotype).

7. Residents of the North Caucasus.

Situation 3

Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov, was invited to the North Caucasus, to the University of the city of N to give a course of lectures on the psychology of ethnic tolerance. At the station, Ivan Ivanovich was met by his university friend Barasbi Khachimovich and immediately invited to the wedding of his younger brother, which was to take place the next day. This is what happened to our hero in the next two days.

Situation 3.1

In the morning, Barasbi and Ivan, along with other guests, gathered near the bus to go to the village where the wedding was to take place. Barasbi invited Ivan to sit in the front seat, and he himself stepped aside to resolve some issues regarding the organization of the celebration. Since the bus began to quickly fill up with guests, our hero took the next seat for his friend. After some time, a venerable old man in a large hat entered the bus and was about to sit next to Ivan, but he politely informed him that the seat was taken. Despite this, the Caucasian did not leave, and Ivan was forced to try again to explain to him that the place was occupied, and point out the many empty seats in the back. At this time, Barasbi entered the bus, hurried to the elderly man, helped him sit down in the chosen seat and apologized to him for a long time. Ivan was at a loss, all the way he was tormented by an unpleasant feeling that he had done something wrong.

How do you think Barasbi Khachimovich explained what happened to Ivan Ivanovich? Choose the answer that suits you best.

1. The venerable elder occupied this seat earlier, which is why he tried so persistently to sit on it.

2. The venerable elder did not speak Russian, so he did not understand Ivan, deciding that he wanted to give him his place.

3. The venerable old man did not want to sit next to the “stranger” and hoped that he would force him to go deeper into the bus, sitting in the seat occupied by Barasbi.

4. The venerable elder acted on the basis of the principles that had developed throughout his life.

You chose explanation #1. To a Russian person, such an explanation may seem quite reasonable, but in the proposed situation there is no indication that the venerable old man took a seat on the bus before Ivan. Return to the situation and make a different choice.

You chose explanation #2. Even if the elderly man did not know Russian, he would be able to understand from Ivan's behavior that he is trying to "defend" a seat for his friend and points to empty seats in the back of the bus. Try to find a more precise explanation.

You chose explanation #3. This explanation is rejected by most residents of the North Caucasus, who are known for their hospitality. It can be seen from the description of the situation that the venerable elder did not show unwillingness to be near Ivan, on the contrary, he claimed a place next to him. Find a better explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #4. This is the best answer. The traditional cultures of the North Caucasus are collectivist cultures with a clear vertical hierarchy, which corresponds to the concept of a place of honor that has survived to this day. Since the position "in front" is considered more prestigious than the position "behind", the rule is strictly observed to yield the front seat in a car or bus to an older person and (or) rank. That is why the venerable old man in a large hat was so persistent in his desire to take it. At the same time, he had nothing against Ivan as a neighbor, since a guest in the Caucasus, even younger than the host, has the right to claim one of the places of honor.

Situation 3.2

At the wedding, Ivan gradually forgot about what had happened, especially since he was shown all sorts of signs of respect and was put in one of the places of honor. He ate national dishes with pleasure, observed table customs with interest and listened to folk music. However, amid the noise and merriment, he suddenly noticed that the bride was bored alone in the corner, was silent, her head bowed and did not touch her food. Ivan felt sorry for the girl, and he decided to entertain her somehow. Resolutely going to the bride, our hero invited her to dance. But the bride, instead of rejoicing, turned pale and lowered her head even lower. But the men standing nearby became visibly alarmed, grabbed Ivan by the arms and took him to another room, leaving him there for reflection. Our hero was completely upset: after all, he wanted the best ...

What explanation did Barasby give for what happened?

1. The groom is terribly jealous and called for help from other men "to restore order."

2. The bride is very shy, and the men helped her get rid of the attention of an obsessive guest.

3. During the wedding, the bride occupies a special position, and she cannot be active.

4. Any wedding in the Caucasus is not complete without a fight, and Ivan's behavior was perceived as an excuse to start fights.

You chose explanation #1. This could be a possible explanation, but in the proposed situation there is no indication that the jealous fiancé asked anyone for help. On the contrary, Ivan's behavior caused an equally negative reaction from all men. Most likely, this is not related to personal relationships, but is caused by other reasons. Find the correct explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #2. Maybe the bride is really very timid and shy. But if the cause of the conflict was in her personality traits, then the groom would come to her aid, and Ivan's behavior would not cause general disapproval of the men present at the wedding. There is a better explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #3. This is the best answer. For many peoples of the North Caucasus, ritualized avoidance of contact and silence are included in the standard of communication of the bride at the wedding feast. She humbly stands in the corner of the room, does not even have the right to raise her eyes, not to mention talking with guests and dancing. Therefore, Ivan's behavior was perceived as a challenge to society and an insult to the bride, and the reaction of the men was so violent and simultaneous.

You chose explanation #4. Of course, the inhabitants of the North Caucasus are quite temperamental, but they are not inclined to start fights, especially during such important event, how's the wedding. Most likely there was another reason. Find a better explanation.

Situation 3.3

After Barasbi explained the situation to Ivan, he apologized and went to unwind in the garden, singing a cheerful song to relieve tension. But then a group of talking guests appeared on his way, and in order to go further along a rather narrow path, he had to maneuver between them. Ivan tried to look as affable and benevolent as possible and, continuing to sing, patted some of them on the shoulder. However, the guests reacted to him not quite in a friendly way and literally pushed him out of their circle. Slightly crumpled, bewildered and completely bewildered, Ivan hurriedly went to the hotel.

What happened? Choose an appropriate explanation for the situation.

1. In the North Caucasus, there is a ritual rite of friendly brawl with a guest as a way of expressing great respect for him.

2. The guests in the garden were offended by how and what Ivan sang.

3. Ivan interfered with the communication of the guests.

4. The guests were drunk and confused Ivan with someone else.

You chose explanation #1. The North Caucasus is famous for its variety of customs and traditions, but the custom of a friendly brawl with a guest simply does not exist. Choose a different answer.

You chose explanation #2. The guests could not be offended by Ivan's singing, as he has good vocal abilities, and the song was completely harmless. The given answer is not a correct explanation.

You chose explanation #3. This is the most appropriate answer. Ivan really interfered with the communication of the guests. In the cultures of the North Caucasus, non-verbal aspects of communication, including the rules for organizing the space of communication (proxemic behavior), are very significant. Having passed between the talking men, and even using a form of bodily contact excluded in social situations - a pat on the shoulder, our hero grossly violated the personal space of those who were talking, interrupted their dialogue. Non-compliance with the necessary standards of courtesy (even out of ignorance) is usually alarming for the inhabitants of the North Caucasus, causing them feelings of hostility and antipathy.

You chose explanation #4. The inhabitants of the North Caucasus are sensitive to the culture of drinking alcoholic beverages, especially at the festive table. They are not inclined to get drunk and pester others. Find the correct explanation for the situation.

Situation 3.4

Ivan spent the night restlessly, tossing and turning and worrying about what had happened. Fortunately, Barasby came to his hotel in the morning. Ivan informed him that he had to significantly improve his theory of interethnic contacts, as it turned out that it did not quite correspond to practice. Therefore, he was forced to postpone his lectures on the psychology of ethnic tolerance and urgently return to Moscow. He asked Barasby to take him to the station in the evening, and then they celebrated such an unexpected parting "as God sent." When Barasbi was about to leave for home, our hero asked him to throw away what was left of their meal in the trash along the way. Handing Barasby a bag of garbage, Ivan said goodbye and safely slammed the door of his room behind him.

But Barasby did not come to the station, which surprised Ivan unspeakably. What do you think is the reason for such impolite behavior of Barasby?

1. In the North Caucasus, it is not customary to see a dear guest immediately before his departure, as this is a bad omen.

2. Barasbi was late for the station, having mixed up the time of the train departure.

3. Ivan broke the rules of hospitality.

4. In the evening, Barasbi was supposed to be at the continuation of the wedding celebrations, but in order not to offend Ivan, he did not directly reject the request for seeing off.

You chose explanation #1. Many residents of the North Caucasus are somewhat superstitious. However, seeing off at the station cannot be regarded as an unfortunate omen. Find the correct explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #2. Of course, it is impossible to completely exclude the possibility of Barasbi being late, but he is a very responsible person, and, moreover, in the North Caucasus it is considered unworthy to forget one's promise. There is a better explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #3. This is the best answer. Handing Barasbi a bag of garbage and slamming the door behind him, Ivan insulted him, as he grossly violated the norms of hospitality. In the North Caucasus, adherence to these norms is the sacred duty of every person, and their violation can lead to serious problems in relations with others, up to the rupture of these relations. So, according to tradition, the host receives the guest while standing, but does not sit down himself without the invitation of the latter. The guest is supposed to be escorted - depending on the circumstances - to the edge of the village, through the gate, and in a modern house, do not close the door until he is out of sight. And asking guests to take out the trash is simply indecent.

You chose explanation #4. The cultures of the North Caucasus are not among those whose representatives are not inclined to politely decline requests outright. Barasbi simply could not do this, since it was precisely such behavior, in his opinion, that would have offended his Russian friend.

Surviving everything that happened and drinking tea on the train, Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov did not yet know that the university administration had decided to send him to give lectures on ethnic tolerance in one of the African countries...

Situation 4

The family of Dagestani Akhmet recently moved to Moscow, but he has already met some of his neighbors on the porch. So, he met and talked several times with his peer Petya and his sister Vera, who live two floors below. One fine day, going to the mosque, he went down in the elevator, where Vera entered with her lap dog Daisy under her arm. With the further movement of the elevator, Ahmet looked worried and tried to move away from the girl with the dog. Vera tried her best to correct the situation, she was interested in the health of his parents, offered him to stroke the dog, said that she did not bite, but, contrary to her expectations, the neighbor's reaction became even more negative. On the ground floor, Ahmet rushed out of the elevator without even saying goodbye.

How would you explain Akhmet's behavior to Vera? Choose the explanation that suits you.

1. Ahmet is afraid of dogs.

2. He is allergic to dog hair.

3. He considers it unacceptable to be in a cramped elevator cabin alone with an unfamiliar girl.

4. Ahmet doesn't like being in an elevator with a dog.

You chose explanation #1. There was no indication in the description of the situation that Ahmet was frightened. Try again to find the correct answer.

You chose explanation #2. This possible variant answer, but the description of the situation does not say that Ahmet is allergic. Come back to the situation and make the right choice.

You chose explanation #3. Of course, this possibility cannot be ruled out, but the elevator cabin is large enough and allows people in it not to touch each other, which would really be considered absolutely unacceptable by a representative of one of the Caucasian cultures. Most likely, the reason for Akhmet's behavior is different. Go back to the situation and find the correct answer.

You chose explanation #4. This is the best answer. Ahmet is a Muslim, and in Islam, a dog is considered an unclean animal that defiles a true Muslim with its touch and even breathing. Therefore, Ahmet tried to avoid any contact with the dog, while at the same time not having anything against Vera descending with him in the elevator.

It should be explained to her that when going out for a walk with the dog, it is advisable not to go with Ahmet and his family members into such a cramped room as an elevator cabin, and if this happens, hold the dog so that it does not touch the clothes of a Muslim and does not breathe on him .

Situation 5

The Takhsurman family came to Moscow from Dagestan. The boy continued his studies in the eighth grade, where he was placed at the same desk with the Russian girl Masha. Masha liked Takhsurman: he did not pull her braids, treated her to fruits, shared pencils and erasers. In the class where Masha and Takhsurman studied, it was customary to clean the office in pairs of students sitting at the same desk. When it was the turn of Masha and Takhsurman to be on duty, the boy quickly left the school, flatly refusing not only to clean the office, but even to bring water to wash the floor. Masha could not understand why Takhsurman, always so polite and attentive, behaved so unworthily.

How would you explain Takhsurman's behavior to Masha? Choose the appropriate answer.

1. Tahsurman was a lazy boy and did not like to do housework.

2. Tahsurman fell in love with Masha, but did not want to show her his feelings. On the contrary, he wanted to show that he was not going to follow her instructions.

3. Tahsurman hurried to the sports ground, where his friends were waiting for him.

4. In Dagestan, Takhsurman did not take part in cleaning the classroom.

You chose explanation #1. This is a very likely explanation: many teenagers are not eager to dust and mop floors. However, there was no indication in the situation that Tahsurman was a lazy boy. Make another choice.

You chose explanation #2. This explanation may be correct, as adolescents often express their feelings in this way. However, there is a better explanation that you need to find, because in the situation there is no indication that Masha gave orders to Tahsurman and tried to lead him.

You chose explanation #3. This can hardly be considered the correct explanation, since the situation does not indicate that friends were waiting for Takhsurman, which is why he left the school in such a hurry. Go back to the situation and make a better choice.

You chose explanation #4. This is the correct answer. Indeed, such behavior in the current situation is typical of the behavior of men and boys belonging to the cultures of the peoples of Dagestan. There, according to tradition, cleaning the premises is the duty of women. Therefore, Takhsurman could not even imagine that he should clean the office, and he regarded this assignment as an insult to his manhood.

Situation 6

A Russian history teacher Alexander Dmitrievich was sent to work in one of the rural schools in Ingushetia. The teacher quickly won the trust and respect of the children, as his lessons were very interesting and the grades were fair. At one of the lessons, Isa, a student of the 10th grade, took out an expensive and beautiful knife from his pocket and began to demonstrate it to his classmates. The teacher silently approached the young man, took the knife and placed it on his table. The student, in response to such an act of Alexander Dmitrievich, left the class.

Isa told his father about the conflict with the teacher. He was outraged by the behavior of Alexander Dmitrievich and in the evening, together with other fellow villagers, went home to the teacher. An unpleasant conversation took place, during which the men demanded that Alexander Dmitrievich give Isa the knife and apologize to him.

How would you explain to Isa, his father and other men the behavior of Alexander Dmitrievich?

1. The knife was beautiful, the teacher liked it, and he decided to take it for himself.

2. The teacher wanted to humiliate the boy by taking the weapon - a symbol of courage and manhood.

3. In a similar way, the teacher wanted to demonstrate his power over the students.

4. Alexander Dmitrievich considered the knife a symbol of aggression and assumed that it could threaten the life and health of students.

You chose explanation #1. This answer has the right to exist, since the stereotype of many peoples regarding Russians includes such a characteristic as "the desire to live at someone else's expense." However, there is no indication in the situation that Alexander Dmitrievich appropriated the knife. Find a better explanation.

You chose explanation #2. Representatives of the peoples of the Caucasus, this explanation may seem correct, since the knife is an attribute of a man and its withdrawal can be regarded as a humiliation of man's dignity and honor. However, from the standpoint of Russian culture, there was nothing in the actions of Alexander Dmitrievich that could in one way or another testify to his intention to humiliate Isa. On the contrary, the situation indicates that the teacher tried not to focus on the boy's behavior. Therefore, this explanation is incorrect. Go back to the situation and try to choose a more appropriate answer.

You chose explanation #3. In the description of the situation, there was no indication that Alexander Dmitrievich was an authoritarian, incompetent teacher. On the contrary, the text says that the teacher, by his professionalism and personal qualities quickly won the trust of students. Try again to find the correct answer.

You chose explanation #4. This is the correct explanation. Indeed, Alexander Dmitrievich, as a teacher, was responsible for the health and life of children in the lesson, therefore, in order to prevent the possible consequences of playing with knives, he took the knife from Isa. In addition, the display of weapons in peacetime is seen in Russian culture as a sign of threat and violence.

Situation 7

The Asanov family moved from Ingushetia to Stavropol region, and Asiyat continued her education in the 9th grade of the local school. The principal of the school, Alexander Ivanovich, having met Asiyat on the morning of September 1 in the school lobby, approached her, hugged her shoulders and, looking into her eyes, asked how she was getting used to the new conditions. The girl was outraged by this behavior of Alexander Ivanovich.

How would you explain to Asiyat the principal's behavior?

1. Alexander Ivanovich allowed some liberties in relations with his students.

2. Alexander Ivanovich treated all his students like a father.

3. Alexander Ivanovich wanted to establish relations with Asiyat so that she would later tell him about the events in the class.

4. Alexander Ivanovich drank a little on the occasion of the beginning of the school year and did not control his behavior.

You chose explanation #1. This is the wrong answer. There is no indication in the situation that the principal of the school was incorrect in relation to the students. Go back to the situation and choose a more accurate explanation.

You chose explanation #2. This is the correct answer. Alexander Ivanovich behaved in accordance with the norms of Russian culture, in which touching a child - regardless of his gender - is an expression of warmth and care. In general, Russians often use touch gestures (stroking, patting, kissing, hugging) and communicate with each other at a closer distance than Caucasians. In addition, Russian culture is more "staring" than Caucasian cultures: women do not hesitate to look into the eyes of men and meet their eyes. If a person looks away from the interlocutor, he may be suspected of insincerity. In educational conversations with a child, the phrase “look into the eyes” is very often repeated.

You chose explanation #3. This explanation is incorrect. There is no indication in the text that the headmaster had a staff of informers among the students. You need to find a more precise explanation.

You chose explanation #4. This is absolutely the wrong answer. Although there is a stereotype that all Russians drink too much, it seems completely unbelievable that the headmaster would drink on the morning of the first of September. Go back to the situation and find a more accurate explanation.

Situation 8

Aslan, a resident of Vladikavkaz, came to Stavropol to study at the college. On the first day of classes, he met the students of his group, and he liked them. After classes, the group decided to celebrate their acquaintance in a cafe. In the course of communication, Aslan's positive opinion about the students of his group became even stronger. When parting, everyone said goodbye warmly. Several girls kissed Aslan. He froze in bewilderment: such behavior of the girls caused him unpleasant feelings.

How would you explain the girls' behavior to Aslan? Choose one of the answer options.

1. The girls abused alcohol a little and relaxed, so they allowed themselves such behavior.

2. The girls acted in such a way as to humiliate weak Russian students who allowed them such behavior in their presence.

3. Russian girls are easily accessible.

4. Russian girls behave this way towards all new acquaintances.

You chose explanation #1. This explanation is not entirely correct, since the description of the situation does not indicate that young people in the cafe abused alcohol. Make another choice.

You chose explanation #2. Such an explanation might seem plausible to a person from the Caucasus, but it is not true. There is another explanation.

You chose explanation #3. Such an explanation could come from a native of the Caucasus, but Russian girls, especially first-year college students, are usually quite modest. Find a better answer.

You chose explanation #4. This is the best answer. In modern Russian youth subculture, friendly kisses at a meeting and parting are a sign of respect and good relationship to a person. In a similar way, Russian girls showed Aslan a positive attitude.

In addition, it should be taken into account that Russians generally use kisses in their behavior much more often than representatives of Caucasian cultures, especially when meeting and parting. In the Russian tradition, a kiss as a greeting expresses a feeling of affection and friendly unity. Both farewell and forgiveness are also sealed by Russians with a kiss as a sign of friendship.

Situation 9

Tenth grader Ira was invited by her school friend Rukiyat to visit relatives in a mountainous Dagestan village for the holidays. The girls arrived there late in the evening, when the whole family was already asleep. In the morning, Ira woke up early and, going out into the yard, saw an elderly man. Deciding that it was Rukiyat's grandfather, Gadzhi Gadzhievich, about whom she heard a lot, Ira ran up to him, grabbed his hand and introduced herself: "Ira." Old man was surprised and looked at the girl in bewilderment.

How would you explain Ira's behavior to an older person? Choose the best answer:

1. Parents raised Ira poorly.

2. Ira greeted the way she usually greets.

3. Ira mistook him for someone else.

4. Ira lost her ability to control herself because she was frightened by something.

You chose explanation #1. This answer is not entirely successful. The text of the situation does not give any reason to believe that Ira is poorly brought up and behaves disrespectfully with strangers. Try to find another answer.

You chose explanation #2. This is the best answer. In Russian culture, a woman, getting to know a man, can take the initiative herself: be the first to give a hand, introduce herself, etc. Therefore, Ira without hesitation went to an elderly man, confident that this was her friend Rukiyat's beloved grandfather.

You chose explanation #3. This is an incorrect explanation, since the situation clearly indicates that Ira left the house and it is unlikely that she expected to see someone else in the yard. Go back to the situation and choose a more accurate explanation.

You chose explanation #4. This explanation could be possible, but nothing in the description of the situation indicates that Ira was disturbed by something. Look for another explanation.

Situation 10

On one of the streets of Moscow, two acquaintances accidentally met, a Russian and a Chechen, who had not seen each other for half a year. Olga was very happy and rushed to hug and kiss Patimat. However, Patimat hastened to move away from Olga's embrace. The girls talked sweetly about everything that had happened to them lately, about common acquaintances, but Olga remained at a loss as to why Patimat greeted her so dryly after a long separation.

How would you explain Patimat's behavior to Olga? Choose the answer that suits you best.

1. Patimat did not recognize Olga.

2. Patimat had the flu and did not want to infect Olga.

3. Patimat acted in accordance with her idea of ​​expressing feelings.

4. Patimat was offended by Olga for something.

You choose explanation #1. We cannot rule out the possibility that Patimat did not recognize Olga at first. However, this is unlikely, since the girls are closely acquainted and have not seen each other for only six months. Return to the situation and make a different choice.

You chose explanation #2. This option has the right to exist, but nothing in the text indicates Patimat's disease. Find a better explanation.

You chose explanation #3. This is the best answer. Every culture has its own rules for non-verbal expression of emotions. The effect of these rules is very diverse. Thus, Chechen culture is characterized by restraint in emotional manifestations where manifestations of stormy joy can be expected from representatives of Russian culture. Physical contact is generally not allowed between Chechens in public, while Russians in general touch each other (shake hands, hug, kiss) much more often than representatives of many other cultures. Patimat pulled back when meeting Olga, acting in accordance with the rules for expressing emotions accepted in Chechen culture.

You chose explanation #4. This explanation is incorrect. In Chechen culture, it is not customary to hide resentment. Therefore, if Patimat was offended by Olga, she would tell her about it. You need to find a more precise explanation.

Situation 11

Aslambek and Igor, who served together in the army, met a few years after demobilization. Igor came to visit a friend shortly after Aslambek got married. The newlywed was to visit his wife's house for the first time. Since the first arrival of a son-in-law to visit new relatives requires the obligatory accompaniment of one or two friends, Aslambek decided to take Igor with him.

At a party, Igor was shown all kinds of signs of respect, but Aslambek was treated differently. He was not even invited to sit down, and he had to stand up to listen to the endless taunts and sharp jokes of women - his new relatives addressed to him. Aslambek only blushed and did not answer even the most insulting jokes. Igor, seeing how hard it was for a friend, tried to stand up for him, which caused additional ridicule and condemnation.

Igor, in the end, realized that he had done something wrong, but did not know what exactly.

How would you explain the situation to Igor? Choose the correct answer in your opinion.

1. New relatives are unkind to As-lambek.

2. New relatives were unhappy that Aslambek brought Igor, a representative of a different culture, with him as a friend.

3. Aslambek married a girl from a family with modern morals, in which power belongs to women, and men must obey them in everything.

4. The behavior of Aslambek and the representatives of his new family corresponded to certain rules.

You chose explanation #1. This answer is incorrect: if the wife's relatives treated Aslambek unkindly, then, according to Caucasian traditions, his marriage to her would be impossible. Find another explanation.

You chose explanation #2. This answer is not suitable, since traditional Caucasian hospitality was shown towards Igor himself. Look for another explanation.

You chose explanation #3. In any region of the world, there are families in which henpecked men are subordinate to women in everything. However, even today in the Caucasus this is unlikely, at least in the described situation there are no indications of this. Try again to find the correct answer.

You chose explanation #4. This is the correct answer. Indeed, in the culture of the Vainakhs there is a custom associated with a certain behavior of the wife's relatives during the first visit to their home by a young husband. He is given a test, during which it is checked how self-possessed and self-confident he is. In accordance with how a person will endure offensive statements, as well as actions (prohibition to sit down, treats in a separate room) addressed to him, whether he will be persistent or not able to withstand all this, he will be treated in the future (respect or constantly tease).

Situation 12

Andrei, being on an expedition to Kabardino-Balkaria, was invited to Khachim's house. At dinner, which was attended by relatives and neighbors, Andrei talked about his work and decided to supplement his story by showing photographs. He left the room for a couple of minutes to bring them, and when he returned, he noticed that the attitude of those present towards him had changed. Andrei felt that he offended or upset the hosts and their guests in some way, but he could not understand what exactly.

How would you explain to Andrey what his mistake is?

1. It is indecent to leave the table during dinner.

2. The hosts were offended, deciding that Andrei was distracted from the meal, because he did not like the treat.

3. The Kabardians, having seen the photographs, considered Andrei an agent of the special services who documents his trip to the Caucasus.

4. The owners did not like that a stranger without their accompaniment moves around the house.

You chose explanation #1. This is the best answer. In traditional Kabardian culture, a rather complex table etiquette has developed. At the heart of a meal regulated to the smallest detail is the cult of food and the dining table. The table cannot be turned sideways or back, it cannot be left at the same time by the whole company: even when, after pronouncing a toast, the guests rise to drink while standing, one must remain seated, paying tribute to the table. Naturally, Andrei, who left the table for no particular reason, caused, to put it mildly, misunderstanding among those present.

You chose explanation #2. This is not the best explanation. Indeed, it would be extremely unpleasant for the hosts if the guest was dissatisfied with the reception. But in this case, there is no indication that Andrei really did not like the food. Go back to the situation and find the best answer.

You chose explanation #3. This explanation is not entirely serious. Look for the best explanation.

You chose explanation #4. This is not a completely correct explanation. According to traditional Adyghe etiquette, a guest is really not supposed to be alone for a long time. However, this rule is not due to distrust of the guest, but, on the contrary, concern for his comfort, and if the guest wishes, the host leaves him alone. There is a better explanation for you to find.

Situation 13

For Sunday lunch, the Nazarov family invited their new neighbors, Patimat and Zelimkhan, who came from Dagestan. Knowing that Muslims do not eat pork, Tatyana made her signature dish - dumplings - from beef and veal. The guests ate fish and vegetable salads with pleasure, but they were extremely suspicious of dumplings. They cut the dumplings, sniffed them for a long time, looked at them and asked where the meat came from.

The Russian hosts could not understand the strange behavior of the guests and were very offended. How can one explain the behavior of Patimat and Zelimkhan? Choose one of the answer options.

1. Patimat and Zelimkhan are vegetarians.

2. Do married couple from Dagestan the same disease of the stomach, requiring a strict diet.

3. The guests are accustomed to delicious national dishes, and they did not like Tatiana's cooking.

4. Patimat and Zelimkhan do not eat not only pork, but also some other types of meat.

You chose explanation #1. This is a possible but unlikely explanation. Caucasians, especially at the festive table, prefer meat dishes, primarily lamb.

You chose explanation #2. This is not true, since there is no indication of this circumstance in the description of the situation. Go back to the description of the situation and choose another answer.

You chose explanation #3. This is the wrong answer. Of course, the guests could be picky, but they ate dishes prepared by the hostess from vegetables, fish and other products with pleasure. Choose another answer.

You chose explanation #4. This is the correct answer. Apparently, Patimat and Zelimkhan are devout Muslims. And Islam makes quite strict requirements for meat food. Muslims are allowed to eat food prepared by Christians and Jews, but a number of conditions must be met: it must not be the meat of a pig, a predatory animal, a rodent, an animal that died of natural causes, an animal killed without invoking the name of God, etc. Only after fulfilling these conditions, a Muslim can eat meat.

Situation 14

Rashid, who arrived in Moscow from Dagestan, put on his best suit and hat and went to an official institution to obtain the documents he needed. Entering the building, he immediately went to the office he needed and politely turned to Inspector Marina Petrovna for help. However, she took his appearance negatively and, looking at him with bewilderment, studied the numerous certificates he had for a long time, and in the end rather rudely asked him to come to the head of the department in a few days.

How would you explain Marina Petrovna's behavior to Rashid? Choose an appropriate explanation.

1. She wanted to receive a bribe or an offering.

2. She did not like that Rashid violated the rules of conduct adopted among Russians.

3 She is a bureaucrat and treats visitors formally and nitpicking.

4. On this day, Marina Petrovna received a reprimand from her superiors for excessive liberalism, so she checked the availability of documents especially strictly, without showing her usual politeness.

You chose explanation #1. Nowadays, there is an idea that in all public institutions officials receive small salaries, and therefore take bribes. However, in the situation described, there is no indication that Marina Petrovna extorted a bribe from Rashid. Go back to the situation and try to find the correct explanation.

You chose explanation #2. This is the correct answer. In accordance with the rules of etiquette adopted by Russians, a man is obliged to take off his hat in the room. In a similar way, the visitor pays respect to the house and its owner. Without taking off his hat, Rashid aroused the discontent of Marina Petrovna, who considered him an ill-mannered person who did not show respect for everyone present in the room.

Marina Petrovna misinterpreted Rashid's behavior, because she did not know that almost all Muslim peoples associate a headdress with the dignity of a man - the head and breadwinner of the family. Moreover, the wearing of a headdress is consecrated by the Holy Tradition of Muslims: the hadiths tell that the Prophet himself, without taking off, wore a headdress, and imitation of him is considered very laudable.

You chose explanation #3. Marina Petrovna showed attention to the visitor and studied in detail the certificates he had. Therefore, it is difficult to call her a bureaucrat. Her dissatisfaction with Rashid has another reason, determine it.

You chose explanation #4. This possible reason behavior of Marina Petrovna, but in the description of the situation there is no indication that Marina Petrovna's mood deteriorated due to a reprimand from her superiors.

Situation 15

In the lobby of a Moscow institution, a young Russian woman, Svetlana, and a middle-aged Ossetian, Aslambek, are waiting for an elevator. An elevator arrives, and both a woman and a man try to enter the opened doors at the same time. They collide, Svetlana nevertheless goes forward, and Aslambek, confident that the honorable right to be the first to pass through the door belongs to a man, remains at a loss.

How would you explain Svetlana's behavior to Aslambek? Choose the best answer.

1. Svetlana is a poorly educated, impudent woman.

2. Svetlana wanted to draw attention to herself in this way and get to know each other.

3. Svetlana is used to men letting her go ahead at the door.

4. Svetlana is a big boss in this institution.

You chose explanation #1. This answer is not entirely successful. Russian women do not have such a trait as arrogance. Most of them behave respectfully with strangers. Try to find another answer.

You chose explanation #2. This is the wrong answer. Contrary to the common notion among Caucasians that Russian women are easily accessible, they are rather modest in behavior and prefer not to be active when meeting strangers. Choose another explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #3. This is the best answer. In Russian culture, there are certain rules of etiquette that reflect respect for women. A wave of feminism has not yet reached Russia from the West, and Russian men, as a rule, let the lady go first at the door. Therefore, Svetlana, without hesitation, went to the opened elevator doors, because of which there was a collision with Aslambek.

You chose explanation #4. This explanation could be logical from the point of view of Aslambek. In accordance with the vertical hierarchy characteristic of many collectivist Caucasian cultures, a high-status representative of an organization (the boss) enjoys the honorable right to be the first to go everywhere. However, in the description of the situation there is no indication of Svetlana's high status, so this answer is not a suitable explanation.

Situation 16

The Ingush family moved to live in Moscow. The day after moving into a new apartment, Elvira Aminovna baked pies and went to meet her neighbor on the landing. The Russian neighbor was surprised and showed no desire to get acquainted. Elvira Aminovna talked for a long time about herself and her desire to get acquainted, and Nadezhda Petrovna finally let her into the apartment. They drank tea with a pie, but Elvira Aminovna still left a residue in her soul from a visit to a cautious and distrustful neighbor.

How would you explain to Elvira Aminovna the neighbor's behavior? Choose one of the options.

1. Russians are not particularly hospitable.

2. Nadezhda Petrovna is afraid to let strangers into the house.

3. Elvira Aminovna tore her neighbor away from an urgent matter.

4. Nadezhda Petrovna has different ideas about how neighbors should get acquainted.

You chose explanation #1. Perhaps Nadezhda Petrovna is not very hospitable, but she did not show obvious displeasure. In Russian culture, hospitality and hospitality are seen as values ​​and norms. Everyday life, which is reflected, in particular, in numerous proverbs (“a guest on the threshold - happiness in the house”, “boil cabbage soup so that the guests go”, “the hut is not red with corners, it is red with pies”, “what is in the oven, everything is on the table swords "). Hospitality is also always noted in descriptions of Russians by foreigners. Go back to the situation and choose a more accurate explanation.

You chose explanation #2. This is the wrong answer. Indeed, the criminal situation that has developed in our days in big cities has led to the fear of many Muscovites to let strangers into their homes. But since Nadezhda Petrovna immediately opened the door to a new neighbor, the reason for her behavior must be sought elsewhere. Find among the answer options more accurate.

You chose explanation #3. This is a possible answer, but there is no indication of this fact in the description of the situation. There is another explanation.

You chose explanation #4. This is the correct answer. Russians are friendly to the new neighbors. However, if in the Caucasus it is customary to get acquainted with neighbors immediately upon arrival, which is a manifestation of respect for them, then in Moscow the initiative to get acquainted usually belongs to those who already live in this place. Therefore, the unexpected visit of Elvira Aminovna was strange for Nadezhda Petrovna, and the new neighbor could seem intrusive.

Moreover, in modern Russian urban culture, friendly relations between residents apartment buildings arise not because of the inherent value of the community of neighbors as a significant group for a person. Friendships between them usually originate from common interests, for example, between parents of children of the same age or dog owners. In this way, Russian culture today differs from the more traditional cultures of the North Caucasus, where neighbors are bound by mutual obligations and expectations, and many norms contribute to maintaining such relations, including the desire of new residents to immediately enter into a network of neighborly relationships.

Situation 17

All his friends gathered at the celebration of Andrey's birthday. The last ones, when the company was already sitting at the table, were Andrei's university friend Katya and Ruslan, who had recently arrived in Moscow from Ingushetia. Ruslan was seated next to Katya in the empty seats at the end of the table. After that, Ruslan, dissatisfied with the place that he got at the table, frowned all evening, although the owners, as if nothing had happened, talked with him and entertained him in every possible way. The next time Ruslan refused to go to visit Andrei's company.

How would you explain to Ruslan why he was put at the festive table in such a dishonorable place?

1. A place at the end of the table is considered especially honorable by Russians.

2. Russians are very punctual and sit late guests at the end of the table as a punishment for being late.

3. They wanted to offend him by sitting at the table next to the girl.

4. In this company, the place of the guest at the table does not matter.

You chose explanation #1. This answer is not correct, since there is no such rule in Russian culture. Try to find another answer.

You chose explanation #2. This is wrong. Russians themselves are often late (representatives of many other cultures even believe that being late is an integral part of the Russian character), so they are condescending to the lateness of others. In this case, too, Ruslan was given great attention and entertained in every possible way. Find the correct explanation for the situation.

You chose explanation #3. This answer can be considered the correct explanation from the point of view of a Caucasian, since a place at a table in the Caucasus should correspond to the status of a guest. By placing a man next to a woman, the owners thereby extend her lower status to him. However, the text does not indicate that the hosts used any principle when seating guests. Therefore, this answer is not suitable.

You chose explanation #4. This is the correct explanation, since the modern Russian youth environment does not follow the strict rules of etiquette characteristic of feasts in traditional cultures. Places at the festive table are not divided into more honorable and less honorable, especially since there are no separate places for men and women. At the same time, more importance is attached not to where the guest is sitting, but to the attention he receives. Katya and Ruslan ended up next to each other at the end of the table only because they were the last to visit Andrei.

Situation 18

In the laboratory of one of the institutes, a peculiar situation has developed, which consists in the following. The head of the laboratory, who is a doctor of science, knows his business. At the same time, he is only interested in scientific products. good quality. He does not like subordinates, he does not know how they “live”, what needs and needs they experience. He behaves incorrectly with them, allows reproaches against them. He is dissatisfied with many employees.

They feel it, consider themselves humiliated and do not know what to do in the future. Leave - may be difficult to find new job, as it will be difficult to find a place worthy of their knowledge.

There is an informal leader in the laboratory. He is considered a smart, sympathetic person. There is a clear dislike between the leader and the head of the laboratory. The head does not intend to seek with him mutual language for the good of the business. On almost all issues, employees turn to the leader.

Exercise. Analyze the current situation in the laboratory team and make an effective decision.

Situation 19

You, as the head of a modern company, instructed your deputy to select a candidate from among the company's specialists who could be sent for an internship at Harvard University. They were given several candidates.

The second is competent, friendly, able to get along well with people, avoiding conflicts between employees.

The third is logically thinking, understanding the tasks of the company, requiring employees to strictly comply with functional duties, not afraid to punish employees for miscalculations in their work.

The fourth is a good specialist, deliberately and consistently striding "upward" to power.

The fifth is a mid-level specialist who is a close relative of a well-known politician.

Exercise. Justify the choice of a candidate for an internship.

Situation 20

In the sector of the Gidropribor design institution, only engineers of the corresponding profile worked. There were 8 of them. They worked harmoniously, successfully, they loved their work. Their leader was O.I. Ivanov, candidate of technical sciences. Many decisions in this group were made collegially and everyone liked it.

But it so happened that their leader decided in search of a better life leave the institution. Employees reacted to this event in different ways. Soon a new head of the sector was appointed "from above". Relatively young man, budding good guide and further growth.

For some time, the sector worked by inertia in a coordinated and friendly manner. But came reporting period and it was necessary to draw up new plans for the future on complicated topics. As before, the employees of the sector wanted to make their proposals for setting new tasks. However, the new leader made it clear that they would work only according to the decisions made by him. He gave each of the engineers specific tasks that robbed them of initiative and creativity. This had a dramatic effect on relations within the group.

Exercise. Analyze the current situation and make an informed decision.

Situation 21

The employees of a company that produces refrigerators are very different. Some themselves want to help the leader in his work. Others, on the contrary, try to spend less mental energy and wait for instructions.

All employees of the company respect their leader, they know that he is smart and experienced.

The leader works a lot and he wants his subordinates to be good assistants and advisers to him. He often teases his subordinates, makes them think and innovate in the interests of business.

Many performers believe that they are already doing well. So why look for something new? There is a leader who is responsible for everything.

The manager, although he thinks through everything to the details in his work, still wants to speed up the production of refrigerators, and this requires active work all employees.

Exercise. Analyze the current situation and outline measures to enhance the activities of employees.

Situation 22

The tasks of the organization became more complicated in connection with the re-profiling of the products of the entire company. This situation was due to the fact that the firm was ahead of competitors and sales of products fell sharply.

The competitiveness of the organization is under threat. Its manager, after a meeting with the Board of Directors, instructed all heads of departments to urgently begin the technical re-equipment of the company to produce a new range of products.

All managers and staff of the company accepted the task as a guide to action. But some of the middle managers and foremen began to get nervous, so two of them became irritable, they lost their nerves, they began to think not so much about the affairs of the company as about themselves. Some of the employees fell into a "trance", they lost the desire to continue to work effectively.

Situation 23

At one of the Moscow plants, called a closed-type joint-stock company with limited liability, previously complex and responsible tasks of the military-industrial complex were carried out. Now conversion work is underway. Manufactured products are in demand of the population.

Part of the former staff still works at the plant. Basically, these are elderly people. The leadership of this organization has partially changed. Some managers left to work in structures of a commercial nature.

The psychological climate within individual units is heterogeneous. In some areas, workers are in conflict with each other for various reasons, while in other areas, conflicts are created due to the dissatisfaction of managers with the attitude towards work on the part of the staff.

Where employees quarrel among themselves, interpersonal conflicts arise. Eliminating them is not possible. Where conflicts are business-like and where leaders use authoritarian methods of leadership, conflicts are quickly resolved.

Exercise. Make informed decisions to prevent and resolve conflicts.

Situation 24

In one of the Moscow construction companies The recruitment of workers of various specialties was announced. There were many who wanted to. When applying for a job, the HR manager, as well as the head of the relevant work area, talked to the applicants.

Future workers were offered a "decent" salary. They were assured that in three months their salary would be raised. They began to work conscientiously.

More than three months have passed, but the wages of the workers have not been increased. The most active workers asked why they were not receiving the promised bonus. The leaders spoke to them unkindly, and even threatened that if they raised this conversation again, they would be fired. Some resigned themselves to the "wolf" laws of the labor market, while others continued to resent.

Exercise. Analyze the current situation and make a reasonable decision.

Situation 25

In the assembly shop of one of the plants, there were failures in the operation of the conveyor, which had a negative impact on financial situation workers, worsened the psychological climate in the team. The reasons for the failure of the conveyor were quarrels between workers, "positively" and "negatively" oriented towards the process and results of labor. The shop manager used a democratic style of management in his work.

Exercise. Analyze the current situation and make an effective decision.

Situation 26

The manager of one company would like to calmly, systematically and without emotions prove his point of view, correctness, view on a certain problem and bring it to understanding and acceptance by his leader (the president of the company or its general director).

As a rule, it happens that she works in a company, gains authority (she is a good professional), and when there is a misunderstanding with the chief executive (this does not happen with the lower levels), she proves her point of view for some time, but often emotionally (then , which seems elementary to her, is not understood by the leader), and then she turns around and leaves. While she feels the strength in herself, but this position cannot always be maintained. She would like to learn not to leave, but to calmly pursue her own.

Exercise. Simulate the situation and talk to the president of the company in order to convince him without losing emotional contact with him, as well as control over your feelings.

Situation 27

The main manager is Ekaterina. She is 29 years old. She is new to the company. She showed herself as a capable worker, manager and was chosen to be the chief manager. Now she has 5 managers under her supervision. All but one, Boris, are younger than her and inexperienced. Boris is 52 years old, he has been working at the enterprise for 27 years. He wants to stay with the firm. Ekaterina believes that he has problems with the quality of work. Boris also applied for the position of chief manager.

He is said to have acquaintances in senior management. They say about Catherine that she is domineering, can be aggressive.

Ekaterina wants to help Boris improve his work. She already had several conversations with Boris. She spoke, he listened, and he was saddened.

She wants to talk to Boris again, perhaps there were communication problems before.

Exercise:

1. Analyze this situation: determine what barriers to perception could be; what are the interests of Boris and Catherine.

2. Think over a future conversation between Ekaterina and Boris, taking into account the factors identified during the analysis of the situation.

Situation 28

What to do if the subordinate is a creative person, periodically hovering in the clouds. The person is very responsible, but because of absent-mindedness, you have to control his every step.

Exercise. The manager needs to talk to the subordinate and convince him to change his behavior, to become more attentive.

Situation 29

The department of the enterprise is engaged in information processing. Most of the workers have been working here for many years and are accustomed to processing information manually. The increase in volumes dictates the need to automate data processing with the help of computer programs. Pre-retirement age workers oppose computerization and are ready to work more. However, this will not solve the problem, it will be necessary to increase the staff by putting young people at computers, but they do not know the processing process well and they cannot do without the help of experienced workers.

Situation 32

Three friends were offered to redevelop the office and complete it with furniture and office equipment.

The first began to ring up nearby firms and consult on the problem that had arisen.

The second went to the library to study the recommendations for equipping workplaces and specialized literature on the problem, taking into account the requirements of ergonomics and safety.

The third one started to draw various options redevelopment schemes and move furniture.

Exercise. Determine the type of personality of the employee depending on the individual psychological characteristics.

Situation 33

The company's management decided to launch new types of products. In this regard, it is envisaged:

Purchase of new types of equipment;

Training of personnel to work on it;

Temporary reduction in output and a corresponding reduction in size wages;

Changing the structure of personnel (rearrangement, creation of new jobs). Many of the company's employees do not approve of the management's plans, because they believe that innovations will lead to a reduction in the number of employees, a reduction in wages, an increase in the intensification of labor, a violation of the socio-psychological climate and familiar social ties, and uncertainty about the future.

Exercise. As a leader personnel service suggest means to neutralize the causes of resistance to innovation.

Situation 34

During the audit of the work of the marketing department, a number of violations were identified:

Marketer O.K. Petrov made mistakes in the execution of financial documents;

Public Relations Manager SV. Sidorov failed to organize the presentation of new types of manufactured products;

Senior Marketing Specialist A.V. Ivanova did not fulfill the task of studying the market conjuncture on time, which led to a violation of the deadlines for the production plan for the next year.

The head of the company applied the following penalties to the employees:

O.K. Petrov and SV. Sidorov was reprimanded in the order;

A.V. Ivanov's reprimand was not announced, since the violation was committed for the first time;

A.V. Ivanova was temporarily transferred to the position of personnel inspector.

Exercise. Analyze the leader's decision. Indicate what mistakes he made when applying measures of managerial influence "punishment". What are your actions in this situation?