Professions man technician examples. Occupation types

The type of profession "man-technique" is focused on the creation, application and maintenance of various technical mechanisms and structures. Man uses technology to speed up and facilitate his labor activity.

Everything that surrounds a person is called a "resource". Resources are divided into energy and natural.

Natural resources include non-ferrous, ferrous, semi-precious and precious metals, oil, animal and vegetable world and much more. Energetic resources- it's already reworked Natural resources through which a person receives energy. Energy can be obtained using the sun, water, wind (nuclear and hydroelectric power plants).

To process and extract such resources, all year round employs millions of people of various specialties. The main representatives of the "man-technician" profession in this area are designers, miners, power engineers, lumberjacks and many others.

For production, it is necessary to create conditions, this is, first of all, construction. But construction is not only the construction of residential complexes, but also transport routes, industrial premises, laying of power lines. All this is carried out - fitter, installer reinforced concrete structures, concrete worker, bricklayer, gas welder and others.

Production must have auxiliary resources - machinery, tools and equipment. Manufacturing machinery can vary in size, level of automation, and complexity. They develop and design new machines, and production lines and mechanisms - process engineers and design engineers, manufacture - turners, locksmiths, millers, and control - technicians.

The leader among technology is transport. This includes all equipment designed to transport people and transport goods (cars and metro, Railway, airplanes, etc.) military equipment(tanks, submarines etc.), etc. The main representatives of this sphere are pilots and machinists, as well as vehicle repair specialists. .

We need to remember the technology that makes life easier for people, tailoring, food production, making video, audio, household appliances, technical devices, computers and everything that no one can do without today modern man. This area represents the largest number of specialties directly related to technology and related, such as architects, programmers.

Professions such as "man-technique" can be mastered in educational institutions different levels education. In higher educational institutions (institutes, universities, academies), engineers of various profiles are graduating, and in colleges and schools - technicians. Working specialties can be obtained at vocational schools.

Giving preference to technical specialties, one must remember the characteristics of a person’s character, such as developed concrete and spatial thinking, the ability to abstract, accuracy and accuracy, fine motor skills and good eyesight.

All professions can be classified into one type or another depending on the object of labor (what the employee is dealing with), the means of labor (does he use machines or hand tools) and so on. Given the proposed typology, each profession can be brought into line with a certain code, or profile - that is, to what type and by what criterion it belongs. And then make up for yourself the "ideal formula of the profession" preferred subject of labor, means. And thus understand which profession suits you and which does not.

1. Depending on subject of labor All professions are divided into five types.

In reality, this is a very rough division. It makes sense not just to refer to one of the five types, this method is only suitable for some professions that clearly correspond to one of the five objects of labor. For each profession, psychologists determine which object of labor is closer, with which one mainly has to deal - there may be three such objects that characterize the profession. Such a differentiated assessment allows us to distinguish professions within the same group: according to which of the objects of labor is called secondary for a given profession.

"MAN-NATURE"

Professions: seed grower, master livestock breeder, laboratory assistant for chemical and bacteriological analysis, etc.

Among the professions of the "man-nature" type, one can single out professions whose subject of labor is: plant organisms, animal organisms, microorganisms.

These are professions related to agriculture, food industry, medicine and scientific research (biology, geography). Oddly enough, a psychologist, a tourism and hotel business manager should have a certain interest in nature (although, of course, not the main one) ...

This division does not mean, of course, that human labor is directed only at the objects mentioned above. Crop growers, for example, work in a team, use a variety of techniques, deal with issues economic evaluation of his labor. But still, the main subject of attention and concern for plant breeders is plants and their habitat.

On the other hand, when choosing a profession of this type, it is very important to figure out exactly how you feel about nature: as a place for recreation or as a workshop in which you are going to give all your strength to production.

And one more thing to consider when choosing. The peculiarity of biological objects of labor is that they are complex, changeable (according to their internal laws), non-standard. And plants, and animals, and microorganisms live, grow, develop, and also get sick, die. A worker needs not only to know a lot about living organisms, but to foresee possible changes in them, which are sometimes irreversible. A person needs initiative and independence in solving specific labor problems, caring, foresight.

"MAN-TECHNIQUE"

Here the main, leading subject of labor is technical objects (machines, mechanisms), materials, types of energy.

Professions: tunneller, carpenter, metallurgical technician, radio mechanic, computer assembler, telecommunications specialist, etc.

Of course, the work of workers here is directed not only to technology, but still the leading subject of professional attention is the area technical objects and their properties.

Among the professions of the "human-technique" type, one can single out:

professions in the extraction, processing of soil, rocks;
professions in the processing and use of non-metallic industrial materials, products, semi-finished products;
professions in the production and processing of metal, mechanical assembly, installation of machines, devices;
professions for repair, adjustment, maintenance technological machines, installations, vehicles;
professions in the installation, repair of buildings, structures, structures;
professions in the assembly, installation of electrical equipment, instruments, apparatus;
professions for the repair, adjustment, maintenance of electrical equipment, instruments, apparatus;
professions related to the use of lifting, transport vehicles, their management;
food processing professions Agriculture.

When processing, converting, moving or evaluating technical objects, an employee is required to have accuracy and certainty of actions. Since technical objects are almost always created by man himself, in the world of technology there are especially wide opportunities for innovation, invention, and technical creativity. Along with a creative approach to business in the field of technology, a high performance discipline is required from a person.

"MAN-MAN"

Here the main, leading object of labor is people.

Professions of the type "human - sign systems" include:

professions related to paperwork, office work, text analysis or their transformation, transcoding,
professions in which the subject of labor are numbers, quantitative ratios,
professions associated with the processing of information in the form of a system of conventional signs, schematic images of objects.

In order to work successfully in a profession, one needs special abilities to mentally immerse himself in the world of seemingly dry designations, to be distracted from the actual objective properties of the surrounding world and to focus on the information that certain signs carry. When processing information in the form of conventional signs, the tasks of control, verification, accounting, processing of information, as well as the creation of new signs, sign systems, arise.

"MAN-ARTISTIC IMAGE"

Here the main, leading subject of labor is the artistic image, the methods of its construction.

3. Depending on means of labor professions are divided into 4 departments:

Professions associated with the use manual labor (carpenter, radio equipment installer,


The subject of labor: PERSON (a lawyer primarily serves people, communicates with them, helps to solve their problems, analyzes them), .... Sign systems (a lawyer reads and analyzes documents, reference books, collections of laws, statistical information).
Working conditions: WITH INCREASED MORAL RESPONSIBILITY (for the life and honor of a person), .... household (sometimes - if this is a lawyer-investigator, a policeman - then in the open air).
Means of labor: FUNCTIONAL (own brains, language, gestures, facial expressions), .... sometimes - automated (computer).
Labor goals: GNOSTIC (identify, identify the cause, determine which class of situations the client's case belongs to - sort, classify), ..... Survey (find a way to protect the defendant, a way to present information, evidence).

Of course, your ideal formula can be compiled by psychologists with the help of tests - you are asked questions, and as a result, your preferences for certain means of labor, subject are revealed - in the future professional activity. Formulas of professions are compiled by labor psychologists on the basis of professiograms (descriptions of professions - tasks that arise in labor activity, requirements for professional suitability). There are even computer systems comparing your ideal profession formula and the formulas of typical professionals. Similar services will be provided to you in career guidance and psychological support centers, computer psychological testing centers. But it is always better to be able to analyze the profession yourself, laying it out on the shelves: after all, then your choice of profession will be really conscious - you will understand WHY you like this or that profession (for example, the profession of a stuntman - for unusual conditions, and a theoretical physicist - for research purposes).

These are professions where the labor of workers is directed to technical objects (machines, mechanisms, materials, types of energy). In professions of this type, such academic subjects like physics, chemistry, mathematics, drafting. It should be noted that the field of technical objects includes not only "pieces of iron", but also all kinds of non-metallic materials - fabrics, plastics, food raw materials, semi-finished products. The field of technology must be understood broadly.

The peculiarity of technical (and inanimate natural) objects is that they, as a rule, can be accurately measured and determined by many features. And when processing, transforming, moving or evaluating the worker, accuracy and certainty of actions are required. It is impossible to invent such machines that would be very exhausting, wear out a person, would be very inconvenient for him, dangerous. Designers, together with psychologists and designers, strive to make technology as convenient, safe, and comfortable as possible.

In the world of technology, there are many opportunities for innovation and invention. In this regard, technical imagination, the ability to mentally connect and disconnect technical objects and their parts are important conditions for success in this area. It is possible to invent not only new products of labor (products in technology are often strictly defined by a drawing, a labor task), but also methods of work.

Innovators come up with new types of tools, devices, improve the technology of processing products. Therefore, the division of professions into creative and non-creative is wrong. There are creative and uncreative people. One worker was assigned to crack nuts. No one would call it a creative activity. And this man came up with the following: he made a tight-fitting metal container (a large balloon), filled nuts into it, closed the container, pumped air into it, and then abruptly released it. And all the nuts at one point neatly cracked. It remained only to select the kernels and throw away the husks.

Along with a creative approach to business in the field of technology, a high performance discipline is required from a person. Discipline is needed everywhere, but technology, with its precision, is especially sensitive to this quality of workers.

This is the largest (in terms of the number of professions and specialties) type of professions. The work of professionals here is directed, of course, not only to technology. Thus, a radio equipment installer takes care, in particular, about the beauty of installation, a trolley bus driver communicates with people during work, an operator or a mechanic can calculate something, calculate, and a crane driver can be busy loading cages, for example, with zoo inhabitants sent on tour. But still, the main subject of professional attention and concern of workers in this case is technical objects and their properties. Still, the crane operator (crane operator) is a control specialist crane, locksmith - a specialist in metal processing.

It is important to bear in mind the following. Some names indicate the predominantly female character of labor (a knitter of textile and haberdashery products, etc.). But most of the names of professions are traditionally used in the masculine gender, although both men and women can work here (cook, projectionist, apparatchik, turner, etc.)

Subtypes of professions of the type "Human - Technique"

Professions related to the processing, extraction of soil, rocks:

Drifter, bulldozer driver, geophysicist, well sampling and testing engineer

Professions related to the processing and use of non-metallic industrial materials, products:

Shoe upper assembler, joiner, carpenter, optician, weaver, plastics presser

Professions related to the production and processing of metal, mechanical assembly, installation of machines, instruments, equipment:

Gornovy, turner, miller, grinder, machine operator with program management, assembler-fitter ship.

Professions related to repair, adjustment, maintenance mechanical equipment, technological machines, installations, vehicles:

Locksmith-repairman, inspector-repairer of wagons, mechanic.

Professions related to the installation, repair of buildings, structures, structures:

Bricklayer, electric welder, builder, architect, ship repairer, fitter

Professions related to the installation, assembly of electrical and radio equipment, instruments, devices:

Electrician, electronic clock assembler, computer technician, chip assembler, vacuum fitter

Professions related to the repair, adjustment, maintenance of electrical equipment, instruments, apparatus:

Radio mechanic, traffic controller radio electronic equipment and instruments, radio communication engineer, electrical technician, watchmaker.

: typology E.A. Klimov, which classifies professions according to and the Dutch typology of professions, which connects the type of personality and the type of professional environment chosen by a person.

Typology of professions E.A. Klimov

Klimov identified five objects of labor: , technique, sign, nature. In the first part of the name of the type of profession, the subject of labor is indicated, which is always a person.

Man is man- all professions related to the upbringing, service, training of people, communication with them. This group includes all pedagogical and medical professions, service professions and others.

Man is technology- all professions related to the creation, maintenance and operation of equipment. These are such professions as: design engineer, car mechanic, system administrator and others.

Man is a work of art- all professions related to the creation, copying, reproduction and study of artistic images. This group includes such professions as: artist, actor, singer, restorer, art critic and others.

Man is nature- all professions related to the study, protection and transformation of nature. This group includes such professions as: veterinarian, gardener, agronomist, ecologist and others.

Man is a sign- all professions related to the creation and use of sign systems (digital, alphabetic, musical). This group includes translators of artistic and technical texts, analysts, financiers and others.

The peculiarity of the application of this classification in our time is that simple professions with one object of labor are becoming a thing of the past and they are being replaced by professions with several objects of labor, or with a complex object of labor. For example, the profession of a landscape designer simultaneously belongs to the type of man-nature and to the type of man-artistic image.

Typology of professions by J. L. Holland

Holland proceeded in his classification from the fact that a person's choice of professional space is an expression of his personality. A person's achievements in one or another type of career depend on the correspondence between the characteristics of the individual and the characteristics of the professional environment.

He singled out six personality types and six types of professional environment.

There are certain patterns of combination of personality type and environment type

• "+" - favorable
• "++" - very favorable

• "-" - not favorable
• "- -" - very unfavorable

Objectives of the project To find, using the Internet, professions that are suitable for the type of "human-technician". Describe the professions that are of interest to the project participants that belong to the type of "human-technician". Find information about educational institutions where you can get professions for the type of "human-technician". technique” (each for himself individually). Find out the conditions for admission and training in selected educational institutions (each for himself individually). Draw a conclusion on the project.
Group number 2. Type of professions "Man-technique". (Typology of professions by E.A. Klimova; the group was determined by the results of the survey)
These are professions where the labor of workers is directed to technical objects (machines, mechanisms, materials, types of energy). In professions of this type, such subjects as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and drawing help to navigate. It should be noted that the field of technical objects includes not only "pieces of iron", but also all kinds of non-metallic materials - fabrics, plastics, food raw materials, semi-finished products. The field of technology must be understood broadly. The peculiarity of technical (and inanimate natural) objects is that they, as a rule, can be accurately measured and determined by many features. And when processing, transforming, moving or evaluating the worker, accuracy and certainty of actions are required. It is impossible to invent such machines that would be very exhausting, wear out a person, would be very inconvenient for him, dangerous. Designers, together with psychologists and designers, strive to make technology as convenient, safe, and comfortable as possible. In the world of technology, there are a lot of opportunities for innovation and invention. In this regard, technical imagination, the ability to mentally connect and disconnect technical objects and their parts are important conditions for success in this area. It is possible to invent not only new products of labor (products in technology are often strictly defined by a drawing, a labor task), but also methods of work.
Innovators come up with new types of tools, devices, improve the technology of processing products. Therefore, the division of professions into creative and non-creative is wrong. There are creative and uncreative people. One worker was assigned to crack nuts. No one would call it a creative activity. And this man came up with the following: he made a tight-fitting metal container (a large balloon), filled nuts into it, closed the container, pumped air into it, and then abruptly released it. And all the nuts at one point neatly cracked. It only remained to select the kernels and throw away the husk. Along with a creative approach to business in the field of technology, a person is required to have a high performing discipline. Discipline is needed everywhere, but technology, with its precision, is especially sensitive to this quality of workers. This is the largest type of profession (in terms of the number of professions and specialties). The work of professionals here is directed, of course, not only to technology. Thus, a radio equipment installer takes care, in particular, about the beauty of installation, a trolley bus driver communicates with people during work, an operator or a mechanic can calculate something, calculate, and a crane driver can be busy loading cages, for example, with zoo inhabitants sent on tour. But still, the main subject of professional attention and concern of workers in this case is technical objects and their properties. After all, a crane operator (crane operator) is a specialist in crane control, a locksmith is a metal processing specialist. It is important to keep the following in mind. Some names indicate the predominantly female character of labor (a knitter of textile and haberdashery products, etc.). But most of the names of professions are traditionally used in the masculine gender, although both men and women can work here (cook, projectionist, apparatchik, turner, etc.)
Professions related to the processing, extraction of soils, rocks: Drifter, bulldozer driver, geophysicist, engineer for testing and testing wells presser of plastic products Professions related to the production and processing of metal, mechanical assembly, installation of machines, instruments, equipment: Gornovy, turner, miller, grinder, operator of machine tools with program control, ship assembler-fitter. Professions related to repair, adjustment, maintenance mechanical equipment, technological machines, installations, vehicles: mechanic-repairman, inspector-repairer of wagons, mechanic.
Professions associated with the installation, repair of buildings, structures, structures: Bricklayer, electric welder, builder, architect, ship repairman, fitter microcircuit assembler, vacuum fitter Professions related to the repair, adjustment, maintenance of electrical equipment, instruments, devices: Radio mechanic, adjuster of electronic equipment and devices, radio communication engineer, electrical technician, watchmaker. Professions associated with the use of lifting and transport vehicles, their management: Driver, pilot, diving technician, locomotive driver, navigator, transport engineer, baggermeister. Professions related to the processing of agricultural products: Buttermaker, cook, confectioner, baker, meat products technologist.
Professionally important qualities: knowledge of physics, mathematics, chemistry; awareness of the structure and functions of the machines and tools used, the modes of operation of equipment, the rules for its operation, the ability to understand drawings and diagrams; good vision and hearing, linear and volumetric eye, high muscle sensitivity, accuracy and speed of movements, good coordination; well-developed spatial imagination, memory for various numerical parameters, a high level of concentration, distribution and switching of attention; emotional restraint, stability in emergency situations, the ability to make decisions in a short time, discipline, caution; interest in technology, the ability to work with limited contact with people; the ability to quickly restore performance during high physical exertion, etc. Contraindications: disorders of the musculoskeletal system (arms, legs, spine ); distraction, emotional instability, etc.
In our group, one of the most interesting professions- Profession pilot or pilot.
A pilot, or a pilot, is a specialist with knowledge and ability to manage various aviation vehicles such as airplane or helicopter.Pilots aircraft conventionally divided into several categories: military, experimental, civilian and amateurs.
The duties of the pilot include control over the aircraft during the entire journey. Having received instructions and a route from the air traffic controller, the pilot is obliged to make every effort so that the aircraft is at the specified time exactly in the place indicated in the calculated trajectory. In order to follow a given route and prevent a collision in the air, the pilot must constantly compare instrument readings with calculated data throughout the flight - there are a lot of instruments, by the way.
A pilot candidate must be in excellent physical and mental health. During the flight, the pilot experiences constant overload, especially pilots of combat maneuverable aircraft. The pilot also has a great responsibility: in his hands are the lives of people - both those he transports and those who are on the ground. Throughout the flight, the pilot must ensure the safety of the aircraft. All these tasks require serious physical and mental costs, in fact, the pilot performs a previously known task: from where to fly, where, on which aircraft, for how long, and the entire route has already been built.
In order to become a pilot, you need to graduate from a specialized flight school, but this profession is not for everyone. The selection to the flight academy is more than strict, so the pilots have no competition. Pilots are more likely than others to pass a medical examination, and if your health deteriorates, then you will be expelled from the academy. It is also worth paying attention to the knowledge in English, which is international in civil aviation, which means that you need to own it very well high level.
In order to become a pilot, you need to graduate from a specialized flight school, but this profession is not for everyone. The selection to the flight academy is more than strict. Every year 500-600 professionals retire and are replaced by about 200 young pilots. Pilots are more likely than others to pass a medical examination, and if your health deteriorates, then you will be expelled from the academy. In order to become a pilot, you need to graduate from a specialized flight school, but this profession is not for everyone. The selection to the flight academy is more than strict. Every year 500-600 professionals retire and are replaced by about 200 young pilots. Pilots are more likely than others to pass a medical examination, and if your health deteriorates, then you will be expelled from the academy.
It is also worth paying attention to the knowledge of English, which is international in civil aviation, which means that you need to speak it at a very high level. In general, training at the academy takes 5 years, after graduation you can get a job in some airline, having flown approximately 150 flight hours at the academy.
Working on the project helped in choosing a future profession. We learned a lot of new professions. We got interesting information about the profession "pilot".