Technogenic emergency presentation on obzh. Presentation on obzh "causes of man-made emergencies"

MAIN CAUSES OF MAN-MADE HAZARDS Irrational placement of potentially hazardous industrial facilities, economic and social infrastructure; technological backwardness of production, low rates of introduction of resource-energy-saving and other technically advanced and safe technologies; depreciation of the means of production, reaching in some cases the pre-accident level; increase in the volume of transportation, storage, use of hazardous or harmful substances and materials; decrease in the professional level of workers, work culture, the departure of qualified specialists from production, design and engineering services, and applied science; low responsibility officials, lowering the level of production and technological discipline; insufficient control over the state of potentially hazardous facilities; unreliability of the control system for hazardous or harmful factors; lowering the level of safety in production, transport, energy, agriculture; lack of a regulatory framework for insurance of man-made risks.

A local emergency does not go beyond the territory of the facility, while the number of victims is no more than 10 people. A municipal emergency does not go beyond the territory of one settlement or within the urban territory of a city of federal significance, while the number of victims is no more than 50 people. An emergency of an inter-municipal nature affects the territory of two or more settlements, intra-urban territories of a city of federal significance or an inter-settlement territory, while the number of victims or damage is similar to the criteria for an emergency of a municipal nature.

A regional emergency does not go beyond the territory of one subject of the Russian Federation, the number of victims is over 50 people, but not more than 500 people. An emergency of an interregional nature affects the territory of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the number of victims or the amount of damage is similar to the criteria for an emergency of a regional nature. Emergencies of a federal nature, the number of victims is more than 500 people.

Each type of emergency is characterized by its own rate of spread of danger, which is an important component of the intensity of the occurrence of an emergency event and characterizes the degree of suddenness of the impact of damaging factors. From this point of view, emergencies can be divided into:

Sudden (explosions, traffic accidents, earthquakes, etc.); sudden (explosions, traffic accidents, earthquakes, etc.); rapid (fires, release of gaseous potent toxic substances, hydrodynamic accidents with the formation of breakthrough waves, etc.); rapid (fires, release of gaseous potent toxic substances, hydrodynamic accidents with the formation of breakthrough waves, etc.); moderate (release of radioactive substances, accidents on communal systems, etc.); moderate (release of radioactive substances, accidents on communal systems, etc.); smooth (accidents at treatment facilities, epidemics, etc.). smooth (accidents at treatment facilities, epidemics, etc.). Smooth (slow) emergencies can last for many months and years, for example, the consequences of anthropogenic activities in the Aral Sea zone.

1. Emergencies associated with the occurrence of accidents at hazardous facilities: accidents at nuclear power plants (NPPs); leaks of radioactive gases at enterprises nuclear fuel cycle outside the sanitary protection zone (SPZ); accidents on nuclear ships with radioactive contamination of the port waters and coastal areas; accidents at nuclear installations of engineering research centers with radioactive contamination of the territory; emergency situations during industrial and test nuclear explosions associated with excess release of radioactive substances into the environment; a fall aircraft with nuclear power devices on board with subsequent radioactive contamination of the area; minor contamination of the area with radioactive substances in case of loss of sources of ionizing radiation, accidents in transport transporting radioactive preparations, and in some other cases; accidents at chemically hazardous facilities with the release (leakage) of emergency chemically hazardous substances (AHOV) into the environment; accidents with the release (leakage) of bacteriological substances or biological substances into the environment in concentrations exceeding the permissible values.

2. Emergencies caused by fires and explosions and their consequences: fires in settlements, at facilities National economy and transport communications; explosions at facilities and transport communications (including during the fall of aircraft); explosions in residential buildings.

3. Emergencies on transport communications: aviation accidents; collisions and derailment of trains (subway trains); accidents on water communications; accidents at pipelines that caused the release of a large mass of transported substances and their pollution of the environment; accidents on power and other engineering networks, which caused a disruption in the normal life of the population as a result of the occurrence of secondary factors.

4. Emergency situations caused by natural disasters: earthquakes with a magnitude of 5 or more points on a 12-point scale; hurricanes, tornadoes, storms with a force of 10 or more on a 17-point scale; catastrophic inundations and floods resulting from the destruction of hydraulic structures, earthquakes, rock falls and landslides, floods, floods or surges and tsunamis; mudflows, landslides, landslides, avalanches, snowdrifts and karst phenomena that caused destruction in cities, on transport, energy and other engineering networks, the formation of blockages, etc.; massive, forest and peat fires that have taken on an uncontrollable character and caused a disruption in the normal life of the population of the region; risk factors of a biological and social nature: epidemics, epizootics and epiphytoties.

5. Emergencies of a military-political nature in peacetime: a single (accidental) nuclear missile strike inflicted from the waters of neutral waters by a ship of unknown affiliation or the fall of a nuclear weapon carrier with an explosion of a warhead; the fall of a nuclear weapon carrier with or without destruction of the warhead; armed attack on headquarters, command posts, communication centers, warehouses of military formations and units (including civil defense).

Classification of emergencies

technogenic nature

Performed:

Shumskaya Anna Eduardovna

Lifestyle and technology teacher

NIGHT "Orthodox Classical Gymnasium "Ark" of the Moscow region, Schelkovsky district, village of Dushonovo

Accident-

man-made event, which consists in damage, failure, destruction of a technical device or structure during its operation

Catastrophe-

This is an accident that resulted in loss of life

Man-caused emergencies-

The situation in a certain territory that has developed as a result of an accident or catastrophe that has caused or may cause human casualties, damage to human health and environment, significant material losses and violation of living conditions.

Technogenic emergencies are subdivided

Accidents at the ROO

Accidents at HOO

Transport accidents.

Accidents at hydrodynamic hazardous facilities

Accidents at fire and explosive facilities

Accidents at chemically hazardous facilities

Accidents on utility networks

US bridge collapsed across the Mississippi.

Sudden collapse of buildings, structures

A subway station under construction has collapsed in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The victims were a minibus with passengers .

On August 17, 2009, the largest accident in the history of domestic hydropower occurred at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, which caused the death of 75 people .

Hazardous Chemical Release Accidents

In Ukraine, a train with highly toxic yellow phosphorus derailed.

The disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Accident at the nuclear power plant "Fukushima-1"

Emergency - natural

Moscow without electricity (2005)

May 25, 2005 - an accident in the power system of Russia. The city of Moscow, Tula, Moscow, Kaluga and Ryazan regions suffered.

• violation of labor and technological discipline in production;
• instrument failure.
• violation of safety regulations;
• depreciation of equipment;
• deterioration of the material and technical base;
• natural disasters.

How to reduce the number of accidents?

Raise the general culture of life (education, responsibility, diligence,

skill improvement,

knowledge of TB rules).

There are more than 8,000 explosive and fire hazardous facilities in the country. Most often accidents with explosions and fires occur at enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries. In 2010, an accident occurred in Leninsk-Kuznetsk (Raspadskaya mine). Several people died. Transport. Transport is a source of danger not only for its passengers, but also for the population living in the areas of transport highways, since they transport a large amount of flammable, chemical, radioactive, explosive substances that pose a threat to human life and health in an accident. Such substances make up 12% of the total volume of cargo transportation. There are a lot of transport highways in our country, such as the M5 Ural. Hydraulic structures. Hydraulic structures are located, as a rule, within or above large settlements. Since many hydraulic structures are in disrepair, they are objects of high risk. So in 2009 There was an accident at Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.

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Slides captions:

Topic: Technogenic emergencies and their classification. 1. Basic concepts and definitions 2. Consequences of man-made emergencies 3. Classification of emergencies by the scale of distribution and severity of consequences 4. List of man-made emergencies MBOU "Gymnasium No. 10" Baglay E.V.

1. Basic concepts and definitions Accident Hazardous technogenic incident Threat to life and health of people at an object, a certain territory or water area Destruction of buildings and structures, equipment and Vehicle Damage to the environment

An emergency situation (ES) is a situation in a certain territory that has developed as a result of an accident, dangerous natural phenomenon, catastrophe, natural or other disaster, May cause or have caused human casualties damage to human health damage to the environment significant material losses disruption of people's living conditions.

Major accident Large number of casualties Major material damage Severe environmental consequences Industrial or transport accident

Industrial accidents and catastrophes Technogenic emergencies Hazardous event Approximate number per year Pipeline accidents 60-80 Aviation accidents 20-40 Major car accidents 120-150 Major railway accidents 15-20 Hydrodynamic accidents 4-8 Frequency of some technogenic Emergencies in Russia

Man-made emergencies are divided into:

Technogenic emergencies Transport accidents Accidents with the release of biologically hazardous substances Accidents at sewage treatment plants Fires and explosions Sudden collapse of buildings and structures Accidents with the release of chemically hazardous substances Accidents with the release of radioactive substances Accidents in energy systems Accidents in utility life support systems Hydrodynamic accidents

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The concepts of an accident, catastrophe, man-made emergency, their classification

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Brief description of the main types of man-made emergencies and their consequences. The main causes of man-made accidents and disasters.

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Man-made emergencies. Lesson on the basics of life safety 8th grade. Educational questions. 1. Man-caused emergencies Classification of man-made emergencies. The concept of an emergency situation (ES) of a man-made nature. Accident. Statistical data. Classification of emergencies according to the scale of distribution and severity of consequences. Local (object). Local. Territorial. Regional. Federal. Global. Classification depending on the nature of origin: Fires, explosions, threats of explosions; Accidents with release (threat of release) of radioactive substances; - man-made emergencies.ppt

Technogenic accidents

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Man-made emergencies. Technogenic dangerous situation - an unfavorable environment of technogenic origin, which led to failure, damage or destruction technical devices, vehicles, buildings, structures. The main causes of man-made hazards. Irrational placement of potentially hazardous industrial facilities, economic and social infrastructure; technological backwardness of production, low rates of introduction of resource-energy-saving and other technically advanced and safe technologies; depreciation of the means of production, reaching in some cases the pre-accident level; increase in the volume of transportation, storage, use of hazardous or harmful substances and materials; decrease in the professional level of workers, work culture, the departure of qualified specialists from production, design and engineering services, and applied science; low responsibility of officials, lowering the level of production and technological discipline; insufficient control over the state of potentially hazardous facilities; unreliability of the control system for dangerous or harmful factors; lowering the level of safety in production, transport, energy, agriculture; lack of a regulatory framework for insurance of man-made risks. - Man-made accidents.ppt

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Topic: Natural and man-made emergencies. Educational issues: Literature: Sources of man-made emergencies. 11. The first educational question: Man-made emergencies. Types and types of emergency events. Emergencies. Technogenic emergencies. Natural emergencies. Emergencies of a biological and social nature. Ecological emergencies. Information emergency. Fires and explosions in buildings and structures. Accidents with the release of hazardous chemicals. CWA release accidents. Transport accidents. Accidents with the release of RV. On electro - Power systems. - Natural and man-made emergencies.ppt

Consequences of technogenic emergencies

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Man-made emergencies. Causes. The concept of an emergency situation of a man-made nature. The situation resulting from the accident. Industrial accident. Classification of industrial accidents. Causes of accidents. Classification of emergencies according to the scale of distribution. damaging factors. The impact of the emergency source. Subject Limits Russian Federation. Impact. The impact of the emergency source goes beyond four or more subjects. Global emergency. Classification depending on the nature of origin. Fires. -