Savannas and woodlands of Africa Flora and fauna Completed by: Antipov Nikita. Presentation - animals of africa Presentation about savannah animals with key facts

Tkachuk Daria

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PLAN

• Geographical position
• Climatic conditions
• Vegetable world
• Animal world
• Soils
• Sources

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Geographical position

• Savannahs occupy almost 40% of the mainland. It is located around the humid equatorial forests.

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Climatic conditions

• Savannahs are located in the subequatorial belt. There are two distinct seasons in the savannas - dry and hot winters and rainy, hot summers. The average temperature in July and January is +22C. The average annual rainfall is from 500 to 2000 mm.

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• The baobab is rightfully considered one of the symbols of sub-Saharan Africa. This tree lives 4-5 thousand years, its height rarely exceeds 25 m, but in girth - 40 m. Baobabs are not afraid of fires, but elephants are their enemies. They eat wet bark. Monkeys eat the fruits of the tree.

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• Umbrella acacia. Branched acacias rise like huge umbrellas among tall grasses. But there is no shadow under this umbrella. Small leaves of acacia, located on the edge of the sun, let in the sheer falling rays. If you stand under an acacia umbrella and look up, then the green crown against the background of a bright blue sky will seem lacy.

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Animal world

• The fauna of the savannas is very diverse. Grass is eaten by termites, ants, herbivorous rodents. But the main grass lovers are ruminants, which are hunted by large predators - lions, cheetahs, hyenas. In the savannas of Africa live the real giants elephants and rhinos.

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• The African elephant is the largest land animal, its mass is 5 tons, its height is 3.5 m. And the body length is 4.5m. Previously, African elephants lived all over the continent. Now there are few of them left. They were exterminated because of the valuable ivory - tusks.Now reserves have been created to preserve elephants. But it is difficult to restore the number of elephants, since only by the age of 10-15 young elephants become adults.

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• Giraffes protect themselves from enemies by flight, and sometimes spotted coloring helps them to hide. Despite their clumsy appearance, they run faster than a horse.

The highest in giraffes (up to 6 m.). They feed on leaves and shoots of trees, which are easily reached due to their high growth.

But in order to take food from the ground, they have to either kneel or spread their legs wide apart.

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Soils

• The savannas are dominated by red-brown soils with a fertile layer up to 30 cm thick. It is quickly washed out during the rainy season if the soil is not fixed by vegetation.

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Economic activity of people

• The inhabitants of the savannah have long been engaged in cattle breeding and agriculture. They are clearing new areas of the savannah, while burning out the natural vegetation.
• Grows corn, African millet - sorghum, coffee tree, peanut. Tours are organized for tourists.

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Sources:

• Kondratiev B.A., Matreveli P.M. Geography lessons: 6th grade. – Enlightenment, 1990
• Korinskaya V. A. and others. Geography of continents and oceans: Textbook for 7th grade. avg. school-M.: Enlightenment, 1993.
• Photogallery "Animal World" - thematic selection and program shell Absolut soft, 2002

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After watching our presentation, children will learn what the savannah is, where it is located and what kind of climate it has.

Thanks to beautiful bright slides and interesting texts, children will get acquainted with the animals and birds that inhabit the savannas, learn what a scrub is, see what beautiful flowers bloom on a baobab and remember that the pattern on the skin of a giraffe is never repeated like fingerprints! Our Savannah report contains even more beautiful illustrations and interesting facts.

Structure of our presentation:
What is savannah
Where are the savannas
Savanna climate
Baobab - how it blooms, how it grows, what kind of fruits it has
All about eucalyptus
What is a scrub
African bush elephant
All about giraffes
Lion is the king of the animals
Zebras are sun horses
Greater Kudu is an African species of antelope.
Gazelle Grant
Warthog
Hyenas
Snakes that inhabit the savannah

African ostrich
Vulture
Eagles

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EQUATORIAL FORESTS AND SAVANNAS OF AFRICA.

• vegetable and animal world forest zones of Equatorial Africa and African savannas.
• Prepared and conducted by a geography teacher
• Dorogin M.V.

• MBU Krasnoyarsk secondary school №2

The share of equatorial forests accounts for 1/3 of the total forest area of ​​the planet and 4/5 of the mass of all vegetation existing on Earth.

• The share of equatorial forests accounts for 1/3 of the total forest area of ​​the planet and 4/5 of the mass of all vegetation existing on Earth.

Equatorial forests of Africa.

• In the equatorial forests, many valuable tree species grow:
• rubber plant - hevea, from the juice of which natural rubber is produced,
• black (ebony) and mahogany, giving valuable wood,
• cinchona.

• FICUUS, a genus of trees, shrubs and woody vines of the mulberry family. More than 2000 species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of various continents. Numerous, similar to small seeds, fruits are located on the inner wall of the fleshy pear-shaped growths of the stem - syconia, that is, they are collected in a kind of compound fruit.

SOIL OF EQUATORIAL FORESTS

• Soils contain a lot of iron, which turns them red.
• Vast areas are heavily swamped.

ANIMALS OF THE EQUATORIAL FOREST

• Monkey

• CHIMPANS (Pan troglodytes)
• Mammals / Primates / Apes are common in Equatorial Africa, where its representatives are found in tropical rain and mountain forests (up to 3000 m above sea level). Chimpanzees are large monkeys with a total body length of up to 150 cm, of which 75-95 cm fall on the length of the head and body; body weight 45-50 kg and even up to 80 kg. In chimpanzees, unlike orangutans, sexual dimorphism is less pronounced - in terms of body weight, for example, females make up 90% of males. The arms are much longer than the legs. Hands with long fingers, but the first finger is small. On the feet, the first toe is large, between the remaining fingers there are skin membranes. The auricles are large, similar to human ones, the upper lip is high, the nose is small. The skin of the face, as well as the back surfaces of the hands and feet, is wrinkled. The coat is black, with white hair growing on the chin in both sexes. The skin of the body is light, but on the face different types its color varies. The average body temperature is 37.2 degrees.

• CHIMPANS

• Gorillas are large apes from the anthropoid family. Distributed in the western and central regions of Equatorial Africa. The basis of nutrition is juicy greens. They breed once every 4-5 years. The duration of pregnancy is about 9 months. Usually one naked and helpless cub is born, which stays with its mother for up to three years.

• Gorilla female.

• Male gorilla.

• Gorilla

• Common hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus. The pygmy hippopotamus inhabits the slowly flowing waters of Central Africa. He leads a secretive and solitary life. A baby pygmy hippopotamus born on land weighs about 5 kg. The pygmy hippopotamus is rare, listed in the International Red Book.

• Pygmy hippopotamus.

• Okapi is the only species of the genus, body length is about 2 m, height at the withers up to 1.2 m, weighs about 250 kg; the neck and legs are not that long. The withers are higher than the sacrum. The muzzle is elongated, the ears are large, on the forehead there are 2 short horns with annually changing horn caps at the ends. The tongue is very long and mobile. The tail is short, thin, with a brush of hair at the end. The coloration is variegated: the head is light with dark markings, the body is grayish-brown, the croup and limbs are with alternating white and dark transverse stripes. Rare animal; lives in Africa, in the tropical rainforests of the river basin. Congo. Lives alone or in pairs. It feeds mainly on leaves.

• Okapi

• ELEPHANT AFRICAN. The largest of modern land animals. The mass of old males reaches 7.5 tons, and the height at the shoulders is 4 m (on average, males have a mass of 5 tons, females - 3 tons). However, despite the massive build, the elephant is amazingly agile, easy to move, fast without haste. It swims perfectly, and only the forehead and the tip of the trunk remain above the surface of the water, overcomes a steep climb without visible effort, feels free among the rocks. A striking sight is a herd of elephants in the forest. Absolutely silently, animals literally cut through dense thickets. So it seems that they are intangible: no cod, no rustle, no movement of branches and foliage. With an even, outwardly unhurried step, the elephant covers vast distances in search of food or avoiding danger, passing tens of kilometers during the night. No wonder it is considered useless to pursue a disturbed herd of elephants.

• ELEPHANT AFRICAN

• The golden cat is a predatory mammal of the cat family. It lives in the tropical rainforests of Equatorial Africa, occurring from Senegal to northern Angola and from the Congo in the west to southern Kenya in the east. Its main population lives in the Congo basin and in the surrounding territories.
• The body length is 0.9-1.2 m, the height at the withers is 38-50 cm. The average weight of males is 11-14 kg.
• The common habitat of the golden cat is the tropical rainforests of equatorial Africa, including mangrove and bamboo forests, but it is able to adapt to landscape changes, also occurring in dry forests, riverine thickets and clearings.
• They lead a solitary lifestyle, hunting mainly at night and resting on tree branches during the day.
• The diet of golden cats includes rodents, hyraxes, birds, small antelopes and small monkeys. They hunt both on the ground and in trees.

• golden cat

• blue-yellow macaw

• tricolor macaw

• rainbow toucan

• In the humid, tropical forests of equatorial Africa, as well as on the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, a parrot of the genus Psittacus - Jaco lives. Not so long ago, countless, noisy flocks of these wonderful birds nested among the mangroves. But, unfortunately, "civilization with an ax in hand" got there. Now Jaco is under protection, and is listed in the first article of the international register of endangered species. Luckily these parrots can breed in captivity and live up to 60 years. The gray coloration of this species is very effectively combined with the bright red tail. Jacos are famous for their unique ability to imitate various sounds, incl. and human speech.

• Tsetse is a genus of insects from the family of flies that live in tropical and subtropical Africa. They are carriers of trypanosomiasis - diseases of animals and humans (sleeping sickness).

ANIMAL WORLD OF THE AFRICAN SAVANNA rhinoceros

• This huge thick-skinned animal lives both in Africa and in South and Southeast Asia. In Africa, there are two species of rhinoceros, different from those of Asia. African rhinos have two horns and are adapted to a habitat characterized by large expanses with very few trees. The Asian rhinoceros has only one horn and prefers to live in forest thickets. These animals are on the verge of extinction because they are ruthlessly hunted by poachers to get the horns that are used in great demand in some countries.
• Despite its mass, the African rhinoceros is very agile and can make sharp turns on the run.

• GIRAFFE Mammals / Artiodactyls / Giraffes This beast is found throughout almost all of sub-Saharan Africa. The appearance of the giraffe is so peculiar that it cannot be confused with any other animal: a relatively small head on a disproportionately long neck, a sloping back, and long legs. The giraffe is the tallest living mammal: its height from the ground to the forehead reaches 4.8-5.8 m. The mass of an adult male is about 750 kg, females are somewhat lighter.

Buffalo

• The African buffalo, along with the hippo, is considered one of the most dangerous animals in Africa. Indeed, if the buffalo is injured or feels a danger to himself or his cubs, he does not hesitate to attack the aggressor and kill him with powerful horns. Even the lion tries to avoid meeting him, as he is not sure of the outcome of the battle. Therefore, only buffaloes that have strayed from the herd, or old and sick animals that are not able to defend themselves, are attacked by predators. Herds of buffalo often exceed several hundred heads, but can be larger.

ZEBRA

• Zebras are a conditional subgenus of horses, including the species of savannah (plain) zebra, desert zebra and mountain zebra.
• The skin of a zebra is original and easily recognizable. At first glance, all zebras seem the same, but in fact, each animal has its own stripe pattern, like human fingerprints. Countless attempts have been made to tame zebras (domesticate like a horse), but they have always ended in failure. Zebra does not tolerate riders or other cargo on the rump. She is very shy and difficult to approach even in nature reserves.
• Zebras are deprived of horns and other means of protection, fleeing from predators. Once in the environment, they defend themselves with their teeth and blows of hooves.
• How to spot predators? Zebras' eyesight is not very sharp, so they often graze next to other animals, such as giraffes or ostriches, which are able to notice the approach of predators earlier.
• A pursued zebra can travel at 80 kilometers per hour, but not for long periods of time.

• Antelopes

• WILDEBEEST

• Antelopes are a very diverse group. It has species the size of a hare, for example, dik-dik, and there are those that are as tall as a bull - an eland.

• Lion (Pantheraleo) Mammals / Carnivores / Felines / has the most idiosyncratic appearance among cats. This is a very large, powerfully built beast. Its males reach a length of 180-240 cm, not counting the tail (60-90 cm). The mass of a lion is from 180 to 227 kg.

• Felidae

• LEOPARD

• CHEETAH

• African ostrich

• The largest in size and weight is a bird that cannot fly at all - the African ostrich. It can reach a height of up to 2.7 meters and weigh up to 175 kilograms. The African ostrich is a member of the ostrich family, the ostrich order. It has a dense build, a flattened head and a long neck. The beak of ostriches is straight, flat. The huge eyes of an ostrich are the largest eyes in the world among land animals. The diameter of one eye of an ostrich reaches 5 cm, and the weight of both eyes can exceed the weight of its brain.

FOREST STATE

• Today, these forests are being ruthlessly cut down, especially in connection with the construction of roads, the development of mineral deposits, and the plowing of the territory.

Sources

• Soviet encyclopedic Dictionary. M.: 1982.
• What? For what? Why? Moscow: Eksmo. 2005.
• Everything about everything. M.: AST. 1995.
• Internet resources: Yandex.

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Animals of Africa
1650+15%
Presentation "Animals of Africa" ​​DZYUBAN OLGA VLADIMIROVNA GBDOU kindergarten No. 4 of the Kronstadtsky district of St. Petersburg

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SAVANNAH
Savannah - plains covered with grass and dense thorny bushes. Scattered throughout the plain are groups of tall, slender trees with a wide crown, similar to umbrellas. These trees are called: umbrella acacias. Herds of herbivores and predators graze in the savannah.

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A LION
Among the predatory animals of Africa, the lion undoubtedly occupies the first place. In fact, it is a huge cat. Males have a thick mane on their shoulders and neck. Lionesses are smaller, slimmer and have no manes. Lions live in groups - prides. Such a pride consists of 1 - 2 adult males, several lionesses and their offspring of different ages.

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OSTRICH
The largest bird in the world. His height is almost 3 m. He cannot fly, but he will not yield to a horse in running. Ostriches live in open areas and are not picky in food: they eat large insects, lizards, mice, seeds and seedlings of plants.

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ZEBRA
A zebra is very similar to a horse, only the tail is not fluffy, but with a tassel at the end, and the mane is short, upright, as if trimmed. Well, of course, the color is different, black and white, striped. Zebras are real Africans, they are not found in other places. They live in herds and eat grass. Zebras are wild and capricious, no one has yet managed to tame them.

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RHINOCEROS
On the nose of the rhinoceros there is a horn, and more often two: the front is large, and the back is small. The horn is a formidable weapon of the rhinoceros, and even the elephant gives way to him. The rhinoceros sees very poorly, but his hearing and instinct are wonderful. Rhinos live alone. They feed on branches of shrubs and are not afraid of thorns or thorns.

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GAZELLE
The gazelle is a species of antelope. These animals are distinguished by a graceful physique and horns bent upwards. Usually antelopes are tan, reddish or gray in color, with white markings on the muzzle. The belly is also usually white. Many antelopes living in the open plains gather in herds of up to 1,000 heads. Others live alone and in small groups.

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The crocodile is a distant relative of our lizards, it even looks like them. But he is completely different! This is a huge, up to 6 m long animal with a powerful tail and powerful jaws, armed with sharp teeth. The body is covered with dense horny shields, which even the bullet does not take. Crocodiles live in the rivers and lakes of Africa, swim and dive perfectly. They mostly feed on fish, but they also catch animals. Crocodiles are also dangerous for people.
CROCODILE

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GIRAFFE
The tallest animal in the world. Its height is three human heights. Strikingly long neck and legs, small head, decorated with a pair of short horns, golden color with dark spots - this is what a giraffe looks like. Giraffes live only in Africa, in the savannas. They feed on the leaves of acacia, mimosa and other plants. That's why you need Long neck! It is difficult for a giraffe to drink, you have to spread your front legs wide and bend your neck.

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G E P A R D
The cheetah is an amazing animal! It's like a mixture of two different animals. Head, body, tail, spotted coloring - from a cat, but he sits and hunts like a dog. Cheetahs are diurnal predators. Unlike other felids, they hunt by stalking their prey, not by ambush. The cheetah is the fastest land animal.