Cliche for writing in English exam. Using introductory phrases in English

Correspondence is a long-standing way of communication, which even now, in the century modern technologies does not lose its relevance.

Agree that letters written by hand and sent by mail have their own special magic?

In England, a good tradition of exchanging letters has been preserved to this day. It can be congratulations on important events in life, invitations to a meeting or just a letter of gratitude. There are no hard and fast rules on how to write such letters. But still, there is a certain etiquette that should be observed when writing personal letters.

From this article, you will learn the rules for writing and formatting informal letters in English. Get acquainted with the structure and types of letters in English, as well as find live examples and templates with translation.

Types of informal letters

Among personal letters, there are several main types, or rather, the reasons for writing them:

• Congratulations on your wedding day, birthday, birth of a child, graduation from the university, etc.
• Invitation to a wedding, housewarming or other celebration
• Thanks for the invitation, favor or good advice
• Rejecting an invitation
• Apology or condolence

Letter structure

The structure of a personal letter is simple and consists of several main parts:

Appeal

You can address the addressee by last name or first name if you are in a close relationship with him. The choice of address depends only on the degree of your acquaintance with the addressee and can be anything. The most common options:

• (My) dear... - (My) dear ...
• (My) dearest ... - (My) dear ... / (My) dearest
• Dear Mr. Brown - Dear Mr. Brown
• Dear Kate - Dear Kate

A comma or exclamation point is placed after the appeal, and the letter itself continues with a new paragraph.

On a note: Appeals Dear sir / Dear madam are used only in formal or business letters, and also when we do not know the name of the person to whom we are writing.

Remember that, unlike the Russian language, in formal letters it is considered bad form to put an exclamation point after the address. So, a note to a friend might start with "Dear John!..", but in a wedding invitation, it's better to write "Dear John,.."

opening phrase

This is a short sentence after the appeal, in which you need to indicate the main purpose of the letter or the reason why you are writing to the addressee.

The introductory phrase can be gratitude for an invitation to a holiday, a request for a meeting, and so on. With this phrase, we indicate our intentions regarding the recipient of the letter.

Main part

A few paragraphs in which you can reveal the purpose of the letter in more detail. They are free-form and may contain clarifications, the time and place of the meeting, or other important information.

On a note: In official correspondence, it is not advisable to use abbreviations of auxiliary verbs, such as don "t, it" s, etc. Use the full form: do not / it is, etc. The same rule applies to invitations to events, congratulations, and other types of formal letters. If you are writing to a close friend or loved one, abbreviations are quite acceptable.

Conclusion

One or two sentences summarizing the letter. In conclusion, you can express your intention to continue the correspondence or ask the addressee for an answer if you are sending an invitation to a meeting or event.

farewell and signature

Similar to the appeal, the signature and the final phrase are best chosen based on the degree of closeness of the relationship with the recipient. The most common and universal phrases:

• Love / With love / With all my love / Lovingly yours / Lovingly / All my love - With love (Loving you, your loving)
• Yours ever / Ever yours / Always yours - Always yours (your)
• Sincerely yours / Yours sincerely / Sincerely / Yours - Sincerely yours
• Faithfully yours / Faithfully - Regards
• Best wishes / With best wishes / (Best) regards - With best wishes
• Cordially yours / yours cordially - Cordially yours
• Devotedly yours / Truly yours / Yours truly - Devoted to you
• Your very sincere friend - Your sincere friend
• Lots of love / kisses - With love / Kisses

After any phrase, a comma is placed, and then the sender's name from a new line.

Rules for writing letters in English and postal etiquette

• Be polite and not overly emotional

Whether you're writing to a friend in London or responding to an invitation to a party, be nice and friendly. Even if you refuse a request to the addressee, do it politely. Also, do not put a lot of exclamation marks and smileys in emails.

• Communicate the purpose of the letter from the beginning and write coherently

Briefly express the main idea and purpose of the letter in the first lines - this will help the recipient better understand what you want from him. In addition, you should not “jump” from thought to thought and write incoherently. Think over the text of the letter in advance and disclose the main ideas briefly and one after another.

• Break your letter into paragraphs and don't overuse long sentences

Large text is much easier to read when it is broken into short passages with the main ideas. Do not overload the letter with long and complex sentences - it is better to break such phrases into several parts. The meaning will not suffer from this, but the structure of the letter will improve significantly.

• Write Properly

Phrases for personal letters for all occasions (in English with translation)

Thanks in response to the last letter and continuation of the correspondence:

Thank you so much for your warm letter… - Thank you so much for your warm letter…

Many thanks for your kind and warm letter - Thank you very much for your kind and warm letter...

I received your letter yesterday ... - Yesterday I received your letter ...

I was delighted to receive your letter - I was glad to receive your letter

I appreciate your kind words - I appreciate your kind words

It was nice to have a letter from you after so long and to hear that… - It was nice to get a letter from you after such a long time and hear that...

I have just received your letter and… - I just received your letter and...

This morning, to my great astonishment, I received a letter from you - This morning, to my great surprise, I received a letter from you

So much has happened since I wrote you - So much has happened since I wrote to you

What a long time it has been since we last met! How long has it been since we last met!

It’s been a long time since I heard from you and I am anxious to know how you are getting on - It’s been a long time since I heard anything from you, and I really want to know how you are doing

As soon as I heard ... - As soon as I heard ...

How are you these days? - How are you doing now?

You will be wondering why it has taken me so long to reply… - You will ask why I took so long to answer...

Now that I am finally able to sit down and write you again… - Now that I can finally sit down and write you again…

By now everyone in the world except me seems to have written to congratulate you, but I have been… - It seems that everyone in the world, except me, has already written to you and congratulated you, but I was…

I have delayed answering this letter because… - I was late answering this letter because...

I am so pleased that you ... - I'm so glad that you ...

I am writing you ... - I am writing to you ...

I have not heard from you… - I haven't heard from you...

How nice to hear that you… - How nice to hear that you...

Gratitude for a gift or meeting:

This is just a brief note to thank you for… - This is just a short note to thank you for...

I don "t know quite how to thank you for ... - I don't even know how to thank you for ...

I am sincerely grateful to you for ... - I am sincerely grateful to you for ...

How very kind of you to remember my birthday and what a lovely present! "How nice of you to remember my birthday, and what a lovely gift!"

Now that I am back home I want to write straightaway and thank you for… - Now that I have returned home, I want to immediately write and thank you for…

I regret very much that I did not have an opportunity to thank you personally for…

What exciting / wonderful / thrilling / happy news! - What exciting / wonderful / exciting / joyful news!

What a pleasant surprise! - What a pleasant surprise! / What a pleasant surprise!

Ask for a favor:

I should be grateful if you would ... - I would be grateful to you if you ...

I want to ask you for a very great favor - I want to ask you for a very big favor

Could you do me a favor? - Could you do me a favor?

I hope you will forgive me for troubling you, but it has occurred to me that you are the only person who may be able to help me help me

Please forgive me for troubling you but I would be very grateful if you would help me in a very delicate matter - Please forgive me for bothering you, but I would be very grateful if you could help me in a very delicate matter

Apologies and condolences:

I am terribly sorry that I could not meet you as planned I was sorry to learn that…

Please accept my deepest / sincere condolences - Please accept my deepest / sincere condolences

There are no words that can express my great / deep sorrow about...

I was extremely / terribly sorry to hear of…

We were very sorry to hear about your loss - We were very sorry to hear about your loss

I feel I must write to tell you how very sorry I am… - I consider it my duty to write to you how sorry I am…

Letter to a stranger or pen pal:

You don "t know me so let me introduce myself - You don't know me, so let me introduce myself

I obtained your name and address from… - I got your name and address from...

I am writing because as I understand you would like to have a pen friend in my country - I am writing because, as I understand it, you would like to have a pen friend in my country.

Phrases to complete the letter:

Please write soon - Please write as soon as possible

I am looking forward very much to hearing from you - I look forward to hearing from you

You have no idea how much I am looking forward to hear anything from you - You have no idea how much I want to hear anything from you

I hope to have a letter from you before long - I hope to receive a letter from you soon

I would be delighted to hear about you - I would be glad to hear something about you

I would appreciate an early reply - I would appreciate an early reply

Please write and tell me all the news of… - Please write to me and tell me all the news about…

I am looking forward to seeing you and will keep all my news until then - I really want to see you and therefore I will not talk about any news until the meeting

Please write to me before long if you have time - Please write to me soon if you have time

I enclose a stamped, addressed envelope for your reply - I enclose an envelope with an address and a stamp for your reply

Wishes and expressions of love:

All the best! - All the best!

Best of luck to you! - Good luck!

With all good wishes! - With best wishes!

With best wishes from all of us on… - Best wishes from all of us on occasion...

Take care of yourself - Take care of yourself

Give my love to… - Give my heartfelt greetings...

I will love you forever - I will always love you

Kiss the children for me - Kiss the children for me

My thoughts are always with you - My thoughts are always with you

All your old friends send their love - All your old friends send their heartfelt greetings

I want you to know I am thinking of you - I want you to know what I think of you

Apologies and Requests:

Please forgive me for troubling you this way - I'm sorry to bother you this way

I do hope you will accept my heartfelt apologies - I hope you accept my sincere apologies

Edward joins me in apologizing for troubling you and we both send you our best wishes

Forgive me for having to write such a letter, but, believe me, I have no alternative - Sorry I had to write such a letter, but believe me, I have no choice

Please forgive me, but my decision is quite irrevocable - Please excuse me, but my decision is completely final

While I greatly regret the inconvenience, I am sure you will understand it was due to circumstances quite beyond my control - I apologize for causing you concern and I hope you understand that circumstances were stronger than me

If you do not reply within two weeks, I will have to change my mind and… - If you do not reply within two weeks, I will be forced to change my mind and…

Let me know what you decide - Let me know what you decide

I am sorry to bother you with this, but I don "t know what to do - I'm sorry to bother you with this, but I don't know what to do.

I don "t know what I would do without you - I don't know what I would do without you

You know you can always count on me - You know that you can always count on me

Please let me know what I can do to help - Please let me know how I can help

Please call on me if there is anything I can do to help

Love letter: how to write about your love

Do you want to confess your love? We know how difficult it is sometimes to express the depth of your feelings on paper, but there are a few beautiful phrases to help you compose a romantic letter:

I "m yours - I'm yours (your)

I adore you - I adore you

There is no other like you - There is no more like you

You complete me - You complete me

I love you from the bottom of my heart - I love you from the bottom of my heart

I yearn for you - I miss you

I "m under your spell - I'm fascinated by you

You "ve put a spell on me - You bewitched me

I was smitten with you - You smitten with you

You make me feel young again - You make me feel young again

With you, forever won "t be too long - With you, eternity will not be too long

If you need to hear why I love you, I can go on all night - If you need to hear why I love you, I can talk all night

I love you not only for what you are, but for what I am when I "m with you - I love you not only for who you are, but for who I am next to you

I love you more and more every day - Every day I love you more and more

I cherish you above anything else in my life - I cherish you the most in my life

I'm more in love with you today than I was yesterday - I'm in love with you today more than yesterday

Examples and samples of letters in English with translation *

Invitation letter:

Dear Kate and Nick,

We are looking forward very much to your visit to our country this summer. We are expecting you at the beginning of July and are hoping that you may stay until the end of the month or longer.

We consider it a privilege for us to receive you as guests in our house. We are very grateful indeed to you for consenting to come and stay with us. We are looking forward to offering you hospitality in return for the hospitality you have kindly given us on many occasions.

We want you to understand that we will see to all your needs while you are with us and to any expenses that may arise.

yours sincerely,

Dear Kate and Nick!

We look forward to welcoming you this summer. We are waiting for you at the beginning of July and hope that you will stay with us until the end of the month or longer.

It is a great honor for us to host you at home. We are very glad that you agreed to come and stay with us. We want to return you the same hospitality that you have kindly shown us more than once.

You should be aware that we will provide you with everything you need during your stay with us, including financial costs that may arise.

Sincerely yours,

John and Mary

Answer to the invitation:

Dear John!

It is very kind of you and your wife to offer to invite us to stay. I hope we won't cause you too much trouble. London is a city I have heard so much about, and I am delighted at the chance to see it.

Once more lots of thanks. See you in July!

yours cordially,

Dear John and Mary!

It was very kind of you and your wife to invite us to visit. I hope we don't cause you too much trouble. London is a city I've heard a lot about and I'm glad to be able to see it.

Thank you very much again. See you in July!

Yours cordially,

Thank you letter for a good time

Dear Mark,

Now that I am back in Moscow, I feel that I must write to thank you most warmly for all your kindness and hospitality shown to me in Dallas. It was a great pleasure to meet such nice people as you and your wife.

I hope that before long I shall be receiving you in Moscow.

Let me thank you once again.

yours sincerely,

Dear Mark!

Now that I'm back in Moscow, I feel I must write to you to thank you from the bottom of my heart for all your kindness and hospitality shown to me in Dallas. It was very nice to meet such nice people as you and your wife.

I hope that soon I will be able to host you in Moscow.

Let me thank you again.

Sincerely yours,

A letter to a friend:

Dear Edward,

I shall be in London for a couple of days next month, and I was wondering if we could meet together. We haven't seen each other for ages and I am very anxious to hear how things are with you.

What about Monday, April 7? If this would suit you I suggest we meet at the entrance to my hotel, which is "Armour Inn", at 12.30.

Please let me know if this is convenient for you.

Dear Edward!

I'm going to London for a couple of days next month and thought we might meet. We haven't seen each other for ages, and I'm very worried about how things are going for you.

How about Monday, April 7th? If it suits you, then I suggest meeting at the entrance to my hotel.

"Armor Inn" at 12.30.

Please let me know if this option suits you.

Your Lucy.

Dear Charles,

It was good of you to think of writing to me, and I appreciate it very much.

I am indeed keeping well and enjoying comparative leisure. I try to divide my time about equally between reading and recreation.

The weather here in St. Petersburg has been rather changeable lately. In the morning the sun shines warmly, but by noon the sky clouds over and it usually starts to rain. Sometimes a storm blows up, but it never lasts very long.

It must be very hot now in Europe, so take care of yourself.

Dear Charles!

What a fine fellow you are for writing to me, I am very grateful to you.

I feel good and enjoy relative idleness. I try to do the same and read and have fun.

The weather here in St. Petersburg has been constantly changing lately. The mornings are warm and the sun is shining, but by noon the sky is overcast and it usually starts to rain. Sometimes there are thunderstorms, but they pass quickly.

It must be very hot in Europe right now, so take care of yourself.

Best wishes.

Your friend,

Congratulations:

Dear Mabel and Kevin,

Best wishes for a merry Christmas! I wish you a happy and healthy New Year.

yours sincerely,

Dear Mabel and Kevin!

Best wishes for a Merry Christmas! I wish you happiness and health in the New Year.

Yours sincerely,

Dear Isabel,

It seems only yesterday that you told me that you were engaged, and now you are married! I haven't met George, but from your letters I know that both of you will be happy.

Congratulations to George and my best wishes to the two of you for a filled marriage with all the good things in life.

Dear Isabelle!

It seems like yesterday you told me about your engagement, and now you are already married! I don't know George, but I understand from your letters that both of you will be happy.

Congratulate George for me, I wish you all the best in your married life.

With tenderness,

Apologies:

Dear Leonard,

I must apologize for not writing sooner. I have been kept busy lately preparing for my exams. The last of my exams was successful yesterday, and now I am comparatively free again. I will try to keep in closer touch with my friends, and with you in particular.

Dear Leonard!

I'm sorry I didn't write to you earlier. Recently, I have been busy preparing for exams. Yesterday I successfully passed last exam and is now relatively free. I will try to communicate more often with friends and with you in particular.

Your Lana

Dear Frank,

My behavior at your house was deplorable. I can assure you that it will not happen again. I was wrong. I have no excuses.

I am very sorry.

yours sincerely,

Dear Frank!

My behavior in your house was bad. I can assure you that this will not happen again. I was wrong. I have no excuses.

I beg you to forgive me.

Sincerely yours,

Requests:

Dear Henry,

How are you these days? I haven't heard from you for ages. I am writing to you because I really need your help. I am thinking of coming to Britain this summer to improve my English, and I would like to stay for about two months. Naturally I can "t afford a two months" holiday, and I am wondering if you know of any jobs I could apply for.

I am sorry to bother you with this. I have no idea where to make inquiries myself. It would be a great help if you could put me in touch with a firm or agency that I could write to.

Dear Henry!

How are you? Haven't heard from you in ages. I am writing to you because I really need your help.

I'm thinking about going to the UK this summer to improve my English and would like to live there for a couple of months. Naturally, I can't afford a two-month vacation, and I'm wondering if you have any idea of ​​a place where I could work.

I'm sorry to bother you, but I myself have absolutely no idea where to turn to. It would help me a lot if you could put me in touch with a firm or agency that I could write to.

Your friend,

Condolences:

Dear Mr. hailey,

We are deeply saddened by the news of your father's death. He was one of the best men, a fine citizen, a loyal friend, and a hearty companion. We all knew him well and loved him like a brother. Our family mourns with you.

yours sincerely,

Dear Mr Hailey!

We are deeply saddened by the news of your father's death. He was a good man, an excellent citizen, a true friend and a sensitive comrade. We all knew him well and loved him like a brother. Our family mourns with you.

Yours sincerely,

John Lewis

Now you know how to write a personal letter in English for any occasion. Practice more and you'll be fine!

yours sincerely,

*From L.P. Stupina "Letters in English for all occasions"

In the modern business world, for successful employment, it is not enough just to provide a potential employer with your own. More and more often, along with it, it is required to submit cover letter .

Most job seekers simply duplicate resume information and make a huge mistake. After all covering letter- this is a great opportunity to advertise yourself, emphasize all your strengths, to convince the employer that he needs YOU.

“The resume focuses on you and the past. The cover letter focuses on the employer and the future. Tell the hiring professional what you can do to benefit the organization in the future. ”

A resume talks about you and your background. The cover letter focuses on the employer and the future. Tell the hiring professional what you can do to benefit their organization in the future.

~ Joyce Lain Kennedy, Cover Letters for Dummies

But if your goal is international company, and the cover letter must be written in English, then the task is slightly more complicated. After all, you need to not only creatively describe your experience and achievements, but also show excellent command of the language.

The perfect cover letter in English

Availability cover letter- a kind of confirmation of the high motivation of the applicant for the position.

Cliche for greeting and self-presentation in English

When starting to write a cover letter, try to find out who will read it and be sure to indicate where they learned about the vacancy.

remember, that the first lines should immediately attract the attention of an employment specialist to your candidacy. Be sure to include clichéd phrases and expressions in English to set the official business tone of the entire letter.

Phrase in English	Phrase in Russian
Dear Sir / Madam (if you don't know at all who will read your letter) Dear Sir or Madam (if you do not know the name of the person you are writing to) Dear Mr/ Mrs/ Ms Surname (if you know the person you are writing to) Mr Surname (addressing a man) Mrs Surname (addressing a married woman) Ms Surname (appeal to a woman regardless of her marital status)	Dear… / Good afternoon (name)…
I am writing in response to your advertisement posted on…	I am writing in response to your advertisement posted on...
I am writing to apply for the position of (position title) …	Please consider my candidacy for the position (position name) ...
I am interested in the position of (position title) at your company, as advertised on (website) …	I was interested in a vacancy (position title) in your company that was published by (website title) ...
I have pleasure in applying for the advertised position, as …	I'm happy to apply for the posted job because...
I am currently working as (position title) at (company name) …	I am currently working at (company name) where I hold the position of (position name) …
My main responsibilities included…	Among my main responsibilities...
I am in charge of… / I am responsible for…	My area of ​​responsibility includes...

Phrases to describe qualifications, experience, achievements

Try to make your own a cover letter is a great addition to a resume- do not duplicate it by listing the deadlines for completing this or that work in companies.

Briefly describe how your work experience, your knowledge and skills will help you cope with the tasks of future work.

Phrase in English	Phrase in Russian
I have 5 years of experience in (field name)...	I have 5 years of experience in (field name)...
Both my work experience and my professional skills meet the requirements for the position of (position title)...	My work experience and professional skills meet the requirements of the vacancy for the position (position title)...
As can be seen from my CV…	As you can read/see on my resume...
As you can see from my enclosed résumé, my experience and qualifications match this position’s requirements.	As you can see from the attached CV, my experience and qualifications match the requirements of this position.
I am well versed in…	I have extensive experience and in-depth knowledge in…
I would be well suited to the position because …	I would be a good fit for this position because...
My … years of experience and work in the field of (field name) have helped me develop such professional qualities and skills as …	My …-years of experience and work in the field of (name of field) helped me develop such professional quality and skills...
In the course of my work/studies at (place) I received all the knowledge and skills necessary to…	During my work/study at (educational institution) I have received all necessary knowledge and skills to...
I consider … to be my strong points.	I consider my strengths...
Among my strengths are…	Among mine strengths can be distinguished...
I am convinced that my experience and professional skills will enable me to cope with all tasks set before me as well as to achieve high results …	I am sure that my experience and professional skills will allow me to cope with the tasks and achieve results ...
In the course of my … years at the company I managed to achieve / improve/ increase/ introduce/ implement…	During … years of work in the company, I managed to achieve/improve/increase/implement/implement
My greatest achievements include…	Among the key achievements I would like to highlight the following…
I have also attended several conferences on this subject.	In addition, I have participated in some conferences on this topic.
I believe the combination of my education and experiences have prepared me…	I believe that the interplay of my education and experience has prepared me...
Whilst working at… I became highly competent in…	While working at…(company), I became a highly qualified specialist in…(field of activity)
Even under pressure I can maintain high standards.	Even in stressful situations, I manage to maintain a high standard of work.

Personal Qualities in English for Cover Letter

Your personal qualities play an important role when reading a cover letter, so don't be shy and praise yourself. Write only true information, otherwise, at the first unsuccessful test, you may receive a direct refusal.

The main thing is not to overdo it so that you do not get the impression that you are too good for the desired position. Moreover, you risk giving the impression of a narcissistic egocentric person. That's why the optimal amount of positive personal characteristics should be no more than five.

Phrase in English	Phrase in Russian
communication skills	Communication skills
negotiation skills	Negotiation Skills
analytical skills	Analytic skills
logical thinking	Logical thinking
presentation skills	Presentation Skills
good interpersonal skills	Good interpersonal skills
deductive reasoning	deductive thinking
I have an excellent command of (language)	I am fluent in … the language
I have a command of (language) at … level	I speak at … level …
I am an experienced user of…	I am an experienced user of… (specify computer programs)
My professional experiences are supplemented by…	My professional experience is complemented...

Intermediate Phrases When Writing a Cover Letter

The use of these phrases and phrases will make the text more coherent, give your letter an emotional color that the HR manager will definitely notice and distinguish you from other candidates before the interview.

How to show interest in a company in a cover letter

The ideal cover letter aims to draw the attention of the HR manager to your candidacy.

Did you know that employers don't always read resumes first. When there are many applications for a vacancy, Primary selection is carried out according to the cover letter .

And just here, the long-term plans that the company has for you are of decisive importance. That's why a large part of your cover letter must show that the company will benefit by hiring you.

Phrase in English	Phrase in Russian
The company's activities/projects belong to the sphere where my professional interests lie.	The activities/projects of the company correspond to my professional interests.
I am particularly interested in this job, as…	I am extremely interested in this job because…
I am particularly interested in the company’s projects that concern…	Of particular interest are the company's projects related to …
I share the company's conviction that…	I share the company's position that...
I share such key values ​​of the company as…	I share such core values ​​of the company as...
I find your company attractive because…	Your company attracts me because…
I have a lively interest in … and would appreciate the opportunity / chance to broaden my knowledge by working with you.	I have a keen interest… and I would appreciate the opportunity to expand my knowledge while working with you.
I would like to develop in the field of (name of the field) … / in this sphere	I would like to develop in the field of (name) ... / in this direction
I would like to apply my experience and professional skills in …	I would like to apply my experience and professional skills in…
I would like to work for you, in order to…	I would like to work for you in order to...
I have been interested in this type of job all through my career.	Throughout my career, I have been interested in this kind of work.

The presence of letters of recommendation (recommendations) in English is one of the losing options to impress an employment specialist.

Do not forget that the presence of mutual acquaintances and recommendations from influential people greatly increase your chances among other candidates.

Do I need to attach recommendations to the cover letter or just show your willingness to provide them upon request? It's up to you to decide, but experts believe that you can increase your chances of being noticed if turn in cover letter contact details of people who can give you advice.

Phrases to complete a cover letter in English

One company, one cover letter! Take the time to write a good cover letter for each of the companies.

Finishing the Cover Letter Be sure to thank and indicate the time convenient for the interview. With this psychological trick, you can encourage a potential employer to meet with you in person.

Standard phrases to end a cover letter

Phrase in English	Phrase in Russian
You will find more detailed information in my CV attached to this email.	You can find more detailed information in my resume, which I attach to this letter.
You can find samples of my work in the attachment.	Attached you can see samples of my best work.
Thank you for your time and consideration.	Thanks for your time and attention.
I would appreciate a reply to my application.	I would be very grateful for feedback.
Thank you for considering my application	Thank you for your time and attention to my letter.
Thanking you most sincerely for your time and consideration.	Thank you for your time and attention.
Thank you for considering me for this very important position.	Thank you for considering me for this very important position.
Please contact me via…	Please contact me via… (contact information)
Yours faithfully…	Sincerely, ... (if you started the letter Dear Sir or Madam)
Yours sincerely / Best regards / Kind regards…	Sincerely, ... (if you started the letter Dear Mr Surname)

Expressions to encourage hrmanager to take action

Phrase in English	Phrase in Russian
I would be delighted to discuss my application further at an interview and complete a test task.	I will be very happy to answer additional questions at the interview, as well as complete a test task.
I am available for interview on…	I can come to the interview… (insert date)
I would welcome the opportunity to discuss further details of the position with you personally.	I would welcome the opportunity to discuss further details of the position with you personally.
I look forward to the opportunity to personally discuss why I am particularly suited to this position.	I look forward to the opportunity to personally discuss with you the reasons that make me the most suitable candidate for this position.
I look forward to hearing from you.	Looking forward to your reply.
I look forward with enthusiasm to an opportunity for an interview.	I am enthusiastic about the possibility of an interview.
I am eager to talk with you about the contribution I could make to your firm.	I really want to talk to you about the contribution I could make to your firm.

Summing up:

A well-written cover letter can be the key to your success in employment, so pay due attention to writing it. Find out as much information as possible about the company you are interested in - this will make your candidacy more attractive to a potential employer.

For writing cover letter in English, use the useful phrases collected in this article.

And in order to always feel confident when communicating with foreign partners and employers, we offer you to take a course at our school.

In contact with

“My dad and mom!
I live well. Just great. I have my own house. He is warm. It has one room and a kitchen. And recently we found a treasure and bought a cow ... ”

Now, if Uncle Fyodor began his letter at the exam in English language, he certainly would not have scored the maximum score for the letter. Why?!

The answer is in the most complete article on how to write a personal letter to the exam correctly and as much as possible!

general information

The “Writing” task for the Unified State Examination in English is a task of a basic level of complexity and is similar to in the exam, but there are a couple of differences:

• in a letter to the exam, you need to write three questions to a friend on a given topic
• since our student is already in grade 11, then both vocabulary and grammar in the letter should already be used more difficult

Task 39 I recommend doing no more 20 minutes, and after some training, the student will be able to write this letter directly into the answer sheet for the exam, so as not to waste precious time when rewriting from a draft to a clean copy, which I would recommend.

The maximum for this task can be received 6 points, and it is easy to do if you understand correctly what criteria the experts use to evaluate the letter.

Criteria for evaluation

On the FIPI website you can find the following document with the criteria for evaluating a letter:

Let's not be afraid of multi-books, but we will analyze each criterion in more detail using the example of the answer to this incentive letter.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Mary who writes

…Summer is coming and I want to look my best: healthy, energetic and physically fit. So I’m trying to eat plain, simply cooked natural food, have enough sleep at night and I have recently joined our local fitness club. Do you do anything special to stay healthy? What makes people healthy and strong? What do you think about a healthy lifestyle? By the way, I'm going to spend a month at the seaside this summer…

Write a letter to Mary.

• answer her questions;
• ask 3 questions about her coming summer holidays.

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Solving a communicative task (2 points)

Let's take the first column on the left "solution of a communicative problem". What do the compilers of the exam want from the student at this point ?! So he:

• gave answers to 3 questions (Do you do anything special to stay healthy? What makes people healthy and strong? What do you think about a healthy lifestyle?) + set 3 questions related (ask 3 questions about her coming summer holidays)
• wrote informally(I used abbreviations in the letter, for example, don’t instead of the full form do not and colloquial phrases like It’s amazing to get news from you!)
• Right issued letter. That is, I correctly wrote the address-date-introduction-conclusion (an example of how to write them correctly will be below)
• did not increase or decrease volume letters.
  The text of the assignment says that the allowable length is 100-140 words, but experts allow a deviation of 10% in any direction, that is, in fact, you can write 90-154 words. And if less is written, then the letter will not be checked at all (which means the student will receive 0 points), and if more is written, 140 words will be crossed out, and everything beyond will not be checked. Therefore, if the final phrase, or a link to further contacts, did not fall into these 140 cherished words, the verifier will simply put minuses according to these criteria. But in fact, if you strictly follow the example below, it is difficult to write 154+ words.

By the way, about word count criteria. All words are counted, from the first word to the last, including auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, particles. In a personal letter, the address, date (the date in the format 20/08/2017 counts as one word), and the signature are also counted. Wherein:

 contracted (short) forms can’t, didn’t, isn’t, I’m, etc. are counted as one word;

 numerals, expressed in numbers, i.e. 1, 25, 2009, 126 204 etc. count as one word;

 numerals, expressed in numbers, together with the symbol of percentages, i.e. 25%, 100%, etc. are counted as one word;

 numerals expressed in words are considered as words;

 compound words such as good-looking, well-bred, English-speaking, twenty-five are counted as one word;

 abbreviations, for example USA, e-mail, TV, CD-rom, are considered as one word;

- words spelled incorrectly, for example, without the hyphen well bread, will be counted as 2 words, and written by wellbread as one (i.e., the count is based on the fact of writing).

Did you notice the note under the email evaluation criteria?! I hope you did, and you will understand that if the student receives 0 for communicative aspect, then they will put 0 for the whole letter. But only an insane person who got to the Unified State Examination in English can do this because he made the wrong door, that is, this is unlikely to happen to those who are preparing for this task.

And now " skeleton” letters that I give out to my students. I propose to take it as a basis and simply add all the requested information.

(red line) Dear Yoda, (appeal)

(red line) Thank you for your recent letter. I was so glad to hear from you again. (thanks for the letter + mention of previous contacts)

(red line) You've mentioned that you ... (here we are reacting to a friend's message, in our example she leads a healthy lifestyle, so “You've mentioned that you are trying to lead a healthy life and I totally approve” will do here of your decision.”) Next - answers to 3 questions.

(red line) I was curious about ... (Smoothly move on to questions to a friend)

(red line) Sorry, I have to go now, it's time to help jedis my mom. Write back soon! (polite completion of the letter + mention of further contacts)

(red line) Take care,

(red line) Luke (closing lines)

When answering questions + in our questions, we have to write about 30-45 more words to get into the required number of words.

Organization of the text (2 points)

Here the student is spoiled with 2 points if he:

• logical writes (in the sense, answers all questions sequentially, and does not confuse answers to questions, does not start answering the first question, then answers the second and jumps again to the answer to the first) + uses means of logical connection(because, so, and, that's why, for, however, and the like)
• divided the text into paragraphs+ wrote the address-date-intro-conclusion from the red line (as in the skeleton of the letter above)

Language design of the statement (2 points)

To get 2 points, you just need to do no more than 2 non-rough grammatical and lexical mistakes, as well as no more than 2 minor punctuation errors. If they are from 2-4 (lexico-grammatical or punctuation), then the student will receive 1 point, in more than 4 - 0 points for the language design of the statement.

What kind of gross mistake is this? How to distinguish it from a non-rough one?

This is when an 11th grader makes a mistake in basic grammar or vocabulary - uses time incorrectly, confuses word order in a sentence, cannot agree on the number and person of the subject and predicate, writes the indefinite article before the plural, uses a noun instead of an adjective, does not know the meaning or spelling elementary words - in general, everything that significantly complicates the understanding of what is written.

I would also like to tell you how to classify errors in a letter.

Lexical errors

Let's take a look at what mistakes are proudly called “Lexical”. This:

• misused word in context (I wouldn't speak so instead of I wouldn't say so)
• compatibility error (make homework instead of do homework)
• omission of a word if it does not affect the grammatical structure of the sentence (I am very well familiar (the preposition with is omitted) the topic)
• errors in word formation if the part of speech does not change (for example, unresponsible instead of irresponsible)
• phrasal verb error (give in smoking instead of give up smoking)
• a spelling mistake that changes the meaning of a word (thing instead of think, whether instead of weather)

Grammatical errors

When checking task 39, the Expert Advisor displays a grammatical error in the fields if the error:

• in any grammatical form, be it the form of a verb, plural noun, degree of comparison and in any topic from the “Grammar Topics” section of the codifier
• in the order of the words in the sentence (for example, I don’t know what are you talking about. - In the second part of the sentence, the word order is reversed, although there is no question mark)
• there is a word omission that affects the structure of the sentence (for example, I fond of summer rather than winter. - The linking verb “am” is missing)
• in word formation, if the part of speech changes (for example, they wanted to write “politician” (politician), but they wrote politic (political)

Spelling and punctuation errors

In a letter, spelling errors are considered:

• All errors that do not change the meaning of the word (for example, collegue, becouse, languaege)
  (If the error changes the meaning of the word, it becomes lexical - for example, thing instead of think, whether instead of weather)
• If a word in a paper is spelled correctly once and the rest are incorrect, it is considered a mistake.
• If a letter or word is illegible, the word is considered misspelled.

In the entire written part of the exam, the student can choose either the British or American spelling of the word - favorite / favorite, color / color, drugstore / pharmacy, crisps / chips. And stick to the chosen option to the end. That is, if color is written in one sentence, and favorite in another, such variability will be recorded in the number of errors.

Now about punctuation. Do not forget about abbreviations in the letter (unlike where they will take away points from you) - feel free to write all sorts of don't, musnt't, aren't, etc.

If the work is written “like a chicken paw” (hello to Russian language teachers from my childhood =)) - that is, there are a lot of strikethroughs in it - the expert has the right to lower the grade by half a point.

In fact, getting a maximum of 6 points for completing this task is not difficult at all, you just need to practice well.

Sample

And here is a sample letter for a maximum of 6 points, the answer to the incentive letter about a healthy lifestyle is higher:

Thank you for your recent letter. I was so glad to hear from you again.

You've mentioned that you are trying to lead a healthy life and I totally approve of your decision. As for me, I also try to stay healthy – I go to the gym after my classes every evening. I believe that doing sport and having a balanced diet makes people healthy and athletic, and healthy living prolongs your life and fills you with energy.

I was curious about your coming summer holidays. Where are you going to spend them? Are you going to enjoy them alone or with your family and friends? How long will they last?

Sorry, I have to go now, it's time to help my mom. Write back soon!

How to write a letter

So, you get the task, what you need to do:

1. We carefully read the letter, look at friend's name and write it at the beginning of the letter. You will laugh, but some, as they learned the pattern, write Dear Yoda everywhere, no matter who the letter is actually from - From Leia or Han Solo.
2. We study questions and think about how we will respond to them. Note that there are tricky questions that look like one, but there are actually two! For example, Do you like watching films, why? It is necessary to write not only yes or no, but also to substantiate the point of view. Or Where and when do you usually go shopping? Where and when are two question words, and there should also be two answers to them. Therefore, one-word answers to such questions lead to the loss of points.
3. We look at topic on which to ask questions. Attention! It is not written at the end of the letter, but in the task below the text of the letter! Here, students make the most mistakes - they will see how the letter ends, and let's ask what the friend stopped at. But the task is different! And they will be given -1 point for failure to complete the communicative task. Here is an example of such a trap email:
   … In our city we have an annual competition for teenagers who make their own short films. This year I got the second prize for a film about my grandparents. Do you think it's important to record family history? Who do you think should do it? How can it be done best?This month is my mom's birthday and now I am thinking about a gift for her. I want it to be very special…
   Write a letter to Tom. In your letter-
   − answer his questions-
   − ask 3 questions about his mom
   See the end of the letter? About mom's birthday and about a gift for him. And questions need to be asked about mom! So questions like Where are you going to celebrate your mom's birthday? What are you planning to present her? Will she invite a lot of people to her party? will be off topic.
   The topic here would be to ask How old is your mom? Where does she work? What does she look like?
4. Write a letter, correctly dividing it into paragraphs and retreating red line(or you can skip the line between paragraphs, it doesn’t matter) and check yourself for mistakes. The most common mistakes students make when writing letters are:
   - articles (they forget about them altogether, or put the wrong ones)
   - tenses (the time marker points to the present perfect, but they write the past simple)
   - spelling (beautifull instead of beautiful or letters in words are skipped due to haste)
   Anyway, I always arm exam takers with the golden rule: Do not know or doubt - do not write! Replace with a synonym or even remove a poorly familiar word from the text.
5. Count how many words you got. Need - 100-140. I advise you not to count on an error of 90 - 154, you never know, you will shortchange because of the haste, and the point will be removed, it will be a shame.
6. When you rewrite your answer on the exam sheet, do not forget to write the task number at the beginning - Task 39. Organize your time so that during the exam you have time to copy the entire written task into the form. An essay written on a draft is not checked.

Preparation

Preparing for this task will not take much time and nerves for either you or the student. Explain the scheme of writing a letter and write-write-write. It is also very useful to analyze letters from previous years and let students evaluate this or that work for themselves. So that he himself understands why and how many points can be withdrawn and learn from the mistakes of others. Utopia, of course, but you never know, learn. If you have not accumulated your own examples of student letters, you can find them

English culture is inconceivable without the art of correspondence. For centuries, English ladies and gentlemen have exchanged exquisite messages, written in accordance with strict etiquette - it determined what to write, when and why, in what terms, at what time of the day, and on what paper. Letters played - and still play - the most important role in people's lives: they make you laugh, surprise, intrigue, fall in love, offend to death and fill you with happiness.

7 main types of informal letters

In a personal letter, you can

1. Handling: by name, surname or using the words “ Sir/madam”:

2. Opening offer. Here you explain the purpose of your letter. This may be a complaint, consent or refusal to accept an invitation, a response to a received letter.

3. Body of the letter: one or two paragraphs, revealing the topic.

4. Final paragraph in one or two sentences. Summarize what you have written and express your readiness to continue the correspondence. You can also thank the recipient in advance for a favor or prompt response.

5. Final wording:

6. Date and signature(not necessary).

What to look out for

• Informal writing allows you to use expressions from different styles, both business and informal, depending on the situation. You can even use colloquial style, slang, abbreviations and abbreviations. Just do not overdo it with vernacular so that your letter does not look cheeky, impolite. Some expressions in colloquial speech sound acceptable, but are inappropriate in a letter, even if the letter is informal.
• Idioms and colloquial expressions enrich the language of your writing - feel free to use them.
• Follow the structure of the letter, do not overload sentences with complex constructions and develop the idea consistently.
• It is customary to leave a blank line between paragraphs for visual convenience. For the same reason, it is advised to start each paragraph with a small indent at the beginning of the first line if you are writing by hand.
• Use the time when you want to express your expectations (“ I am looking forward to hearing from you…” - “Looking forward to your answer ...”) or about the purpose of your letter (“ I am writing to you on behalf of/with regard to…”-“ I am writing to you at the request / occasion ...”). Use or when reporting news or describing recent events.
• try break the body of the letter into at least two or three paragraphs instead of trying to fit everything you want to say into one big paragraph. Information is perceived much better, being divided into logical parts.
• End the letter with a question to the addressee to initiate the continuation of the correspondence. So you show that you are interested in communication and are waiting for his answer - and this will be a logical conclusion to the letter.

1. Letter of invitation

There are unofficial, semi-official and. Such a letter should contain additional information about the event (address, date and time, dress code of the event) and, if necessary, clear instructions on how to get to the venue.

Opening phrase:

Closing phrase:

We would be grateful if you could…	We will be grateful if you can...
Please indicate whether you would be able to attend…	Please let me know if you can attend...
I hope you can make it…	Hope to see you...
Hope you can come.	Hope you can come.
Looking forward to seeing you at…	Looking forward to our meeting…
Please let me know if you can come.	Please let me know if you can come.

2. Letter of acceptance of the invitation

There are informal, semi-official and business. Contains a clear and unequivocal consent to attend the event.

Opening phrase:

Closing phrase:

We await the event with great anticipation.	We are looking forward to this event.
I will be looking forward to the party. See you then.	I'm looking forward to the party. See you.
We are really looking forward to your party.	We look forward to receiving you*.

* Stylistically, in this case, the definition of “reception” rather than “party” is more suitable for translating the word party, since the construction of the phrase is quite formal and it most likely refers to an official and semi-official reception.

3. Letter rejecting an invitation

There are informal, semi-official and business. Expresses refusal to accept an invitation.

Opening phrase:

Closing phrase:

I am sorry to miss the opportunity of greeting you in person.	I'm sorry I miss the opportunity to congratulate you in person.
Thank you again for the invitation.	Thanks again for the invitation.
I hope we will have another opportunity to meet/celebrate…	I hope we get another chance to meet/celebrate.
I am really sorry I will have to miss it.	I'm really sorry that I won't be able to attend.
I'm sure we can get together some other time.	I'm sure we can meet another time.

4. Letter of apology

It also happens business and informal. The letter should contain an apology and explain why anyone was inconvenienced or why duties or promises could not be fulfilled.

Opening phrase:

Closing phrase:

Once again, my sincerest apologies for…	Once again, I would like to offer you my sincere apologies for...
I hope you understand.	I hope you understand me.
I hope my apologies will be accepted…	I hope my apologies will be accepted...
I know there is no excuse good enough for… and I just hope you can forgive and understand me.	I know that all my apologies are not enough for... and I only hope that you can forgive and understand me.

5. Letter with a response to an advertising offer

There are business and semi-formal.

Usually contains a request for additional information or a request to clarify and supplement the information received earlier.

Opening phrase:

Closing phrase:

​

"Yes" and "no" personal letter

These rules must be followed:

• No matter how informal your letter is, always be polite.
• State the purpose of the letter from the very beginning.
• Use adverbs and conjunctions to link your thoughts in a logical chain: then(then), later(Later), but(But), at the same time(in the same time), finally(finally).
• Start a new thought on a new line: text that is not divided into paragraphs is difficult to perceive.
• Be restrained in expressing emotions, especially in semi-formal letters (complaint, congratulations, invitations, etc.).

And this is to be avoided:

• Do not overuse exclamation marks, even if you are writing to a friend or close relative.
• Don't forget about introductory and closing phrases - if the letter has a clearly defined logical structure, it is easier to read and understand.
• Do not jump from thought to thought, do not write haphazardly. Thoughts should be arranged in a logical sequence.
• Do not use long ones with numerous minor members and . The purpose of the letter - informal as well - is to convey your thoughts to the addressee the first time, and not force him to re-read every sentence in order to understand the meaning of the message.

Now that you have got acquainted with the basic rules for writing informal letters, we offer you a rather interesting example of an informal letter in English. Such letters have become a real flash mob of the English-speaking Internet: they are written by actors, singers, famous bloggers. Write yourself such a letter and you: this is a great way to turn to your inner self (albeit a sixteen-year-old) and take stock of a certain period of your life:

Letter to My 16-Year-Old-Self I know it is hard for you to believe that you could ever receive a letter from the future, but this has become a reality; though your calendar shows that it’s 1996, for me it is already 2013. It is almost dawn, and in a couple of hours I will have to get up (if I even go to bed) and go to work. But don't worry, work is interesting, and I am fully satisfied with it. Why am I saying “don’t worry?” Well, because I am you; I am a 33-year-old Steve writing a letter to myself, when I was just 16.	Letter 16 year old self Dear Steve! I know it's hard for you to believe that you are holding a letter from the future in your hands, but this is reality: although 1996 is on your calendar, 2013 has already arrived for me. It's almost dawn, and in a couple of hours I have to get up (if I lie down at all) and go to work. But do not worry, my work is interesting, and I am completely satisfied with it. Why do I say don't worry? Yes, because I am you; I am 33 year old Steve writing a letter to his 16 year old self.
I've got so many things to tell you, and so many details of my life, both happy and sad. But I think I would have to write a book to describe it all; so I will just focus on what is important for you in those difficult times you will have in 1996.	There are so many things I want to tell you, so many stories from my life, both happy and sad ... But I think I would have to publish a book to describe them all, so I will only focus on what is important to you in 1996 , in not the easiest times for you.
You don't need to be that devastated by what Sally did to you. I know it hurts, it is unfair, and nothing seems to be the same anymore, but just try not to do anything stupid only to decrease pain, because you will only hurt some nice people for no reason. Anyways, your grief will vanish without a trace in a month or so. Here is one little tip for you: on September 16, at 2pm, go to a bus station near your school. Just ask a girl standing there with Whitman's Leaves of Grass in her hands something about poetry. This simple act of curiosity will change your entire life, I promise.	Don't kill yourself like that because of what Sally did. I know it hurts you, you were treated unfairly, and it seems to you that things will never be the same as before. Just try not to do anything stupid just to numb the pain, because that way you will harm for no reason. good people. And your grief will pass without a trace somewhere in a month. Here's a little tip for you: on September 16 at 2:00 pm, go to the bus stop near the school. Ask the girl standing there with a volume of Whitman's Leaves of Grass something about poetry. This simple display of curiosity will change your whole life, I promise.
Listen to yourself, to your own wishes and beliefs. I know it sounds unoriginal, but it works. Now you feel oppressed by the expectations of your parents, relatives, friends, and society. It may be hard to step over your parents' wishes on your account. But it is just how everything goes: it's you or everybody else. You have only two options: either spend your entire life doing not exactly what you wanted and trying to please people around you; or you can do something for yourself, live a happier life, and make others adapt to your decisions. By the way, don't worry: you will make the right decision. Thank you for that.	Listen to yourself, your desires and beliefs. I know it sounds trite, but it will work. Now you are under pressure from the expectations of your parents, relatives, friends and society. It can be difficult for you to overstep the wishes of your parents for your own sake. But such is life: either you or the rest. You have only two options: either spend the rest of your life doing something you don't want to do and trying to please others, or do something for yourself, live happily and leave others the right to adapt to your decisions. By the way, don't worry, you will right choice. Thank you for this.
And, in a nutshell, just a couple more tips. Don't start smoking cigarettes. I know (believe me) you think that smoking cigarettes looks cool and rebellious, but the truth is that tobacco will turn you into a walking ruin even before you reach 30. Don’t drive so fast on May 11, 2003; learning how to walk and using help when going to bathrooms is reasonable only in childhood, but not when you are 23. Boldly accept that weird job offer in 2006 despite all your doubts; it will help you keep afloat when everyone around you will be losing their jobs two years later. Finally—just stay as positive and open-hearted as you've always been. In any complicated situation remember that in the end it will all be for the better.	And just a couple more tips. Don't start smoking. I know (trust me) you think it looks cool and rebellious, but tobacco will turn you into a walking wreck by 30. Don't drive so fast May 11, 2003 as a child, but not when you are 23. Feel free to accept that strange job offer in 2006, rejecting all doubts; it will help you stay afloat when everyone around you loses their jobs two years from now. Finally, just stay as positive and open as you have always been. In any difficult situation, remember that, in the end, everything is for the best.
Your life will be just great, believe me!

When was the last time you received a paper letter? To remember, you need to think carefully. I can't remember either. True, every New Year I continue to send paper cards to all relatives and friends. The problem is that no one sends me anything in response ...

It seems to everyone that writing letters, sending postcards is outdated a long time ago, because there is a telephone, Email, social media- they help to get to a person faster ... Especially sentimental ones will say that we have lost romance in the pursuit of time and convenience. But there is something in the modern world that remains unchanged - this is a letter in English, which is still written according to the rules - these rules also apply to e-mails.

I propose to get down to business and figure out exactly how to write an informal letter or a letter to a friend in English.

1. Put the date if you are writing a letter by hand.

In the upper right corner, indicate exactly when you wrote the letter.

The date can be written in two ways: 26 March , 2017 orMarch 26, 2017 .

It must be admitted that with the advent of electronic messages, the practice of setting the date itself has disappeared. The mail client itself issues the date and time of sending the letter with an accuracy of up to a second. But, if you are writing a letter on paper, take care of this important detail.

Another note concerns the address if you are sending a paper letter. Sometimes the email structure will include an address in the upper right corner, right before the date. This is not necessary, because it is written on the envelope. But knowing the order of where the street is and where the index is is very important, because it is different from the Russian-language sample.

42 Chaykovskogo str.,

leningrad region,

Saint-Petersburg,

1. Greetings.

At this point, there is no longer a difference - a paper letter or an email. It always starts with the same. Usually the greeting is placed from the initial line, that is, from the left. You contact the recipient in any of the following ways:

Do not forget! Be sure to include a comma after the greeting (e.g. Dear Tom, … My darling, …).

1. Main message.

It is also called the body of the letter, and it consists of three parts.

— Introductory part;

- Main part;

- Conclusion.

1. What is an introductory part?

This is a small paragraph that sets the general tone of the letter, is an indicator of politeness. In this part, you should say that you are glad to receive a letter from your friend, then you should repeat the information that he wrote to you - thereby you will show that his words have reached you.

Let's see what we can use to get right to the point:

1. Main part.

Here you can give free rein to your imagination. Write about why you, in fact, took up writing. Everything will depend on the degree of closeness - if there is trust and revelation between you, then deepening into details is possible; if you are just friends, then you should not talk much about yourself, your personal life. There are no established phrases and clichés in this part - this is completely your fiefdom, where you can use those turns that you like. It is better to break the main part into several paragraphs, and not write everything in a continuous “sheet” - this way the information is easier to perceive and assimilate readable. Keep in mind that in email it is customary to leave a blank line between paragraphs for visual convenience.

1. Conclusion. No, no, it's too early to say goodbye.

At the end of the main part of the letter, be sure to ask how things are with the latest project, at what stage the renovation is, and how the scientific conference in Paris went - ask a question! This will show your interest in the recipient and encourage him to continue the correspondence.

You can also end with the following phrases:

1. Signature.

Mandatory part of the letter, which logically completes it. The signature reflects the whole tone of what was written - whether it was neutral or emphatically friendly - such a signature should be chosen.

1. P. S.

A letter often ends not with a farewell, but just with a postscript - it will always come in handy at the end if you forgot to say something or ... specially saved it for later. What sometimes happens - a playful postscript or remark sometimes crosses out the whole impression of what was written - I think that you would not want to offend your interlocutor, especially if he is an Englishman - they are so sensitive in the epistolary genre.

Some general rules when writing an informal letter in English:

• Be polite, even if you are writing to a friend in your rock band - abnormality does not negate politeness.
• After greeting, always express the joy of receiving the letter and make a reference to what was written to you, respond to the content of the letter you received.
• Start a new thought on a new line (and a new paragraph, skipping the line)
• Remember to use linking words and introductory words:

So… - So

well,… - Well, …

anyway,... - in short, in any case ...

besides,…besides …

firstly,…- Firstly

finally,…and finally

By the way…By the way

• Do not overuse exclamation marks and emoticons, even if you are writing to a friend or close relative.

Do not forget that writing in English still has a clear structure and generally accepted norms. It seems to be good. This template can be used to write any letter, in any language, and will always be in place. Now let's see what we got: