Russia, one of the world leaders in oil production, has serious capacities for the production of refined products of "black gold". The plants produce fuel, oil and petrochemical products, while the total annual production of gasoline, diesel fuel and heating oil reaches tens of millions of tons.

The scale of Russian oil refining

Currently, 32 large oil refineries and 80 more mini-enterprises are also operating in this industry in Russia. The total capacity of the country's refineries provides the possibility of processing 270 million tons of raw materials. We present to your attention the top 10 oil refineries in terms of installed production capacity. The enterprises included in the list belong to both state and private oil companies.

1. Gazpromneft-ONPZ (20.89 million tons)

The Gazpromneft-ONPZ enterprise is better known as the Omsk Oil Refinery. The plant is owned by Gazprom Neft (Gazprom's structure). The decision to build the enterprise was made in 1949, the plant was launched in 1955. The installed capacity reaches 20.89 million tons, the depth of processing (the ratio of the volume of raw materials to the number of products produced) is 91.5%. In 2016, the Omsk Refinery processed 20.5 million tons of oil. Pronedra wrote earlier that the actual processing at the refinery in 2016 decreased compared to the level of 2015.

Last year, 4.7 million tons of gasoline and 6.5 million tons of diesel fuel were produced. In addition to fuel, the plant produces bitumen, coke, acids, tar and other products. Over the past few years, due to the modernization of facilities, the enterprise has reduced the amount of emissions into the atmosphere by 36%, by 2020 it is planned to reduce the degree of harmful impact on the environment by another 28%. In total, over the past 20 years, the amount of emissions has decreased five times.

2. Kirishinefteorgsintez (20.1 million tons)

The Kirishi Oil Refinery (Kirishinefteorgsintez, an enterprise of Surgutneftegaz) with a capacity of 20.1 million tons is located in the city of Kirishi, Leningrad Region. Commissioning took place in 1966. In fact, on average, it processes more than 17 million tons of oil with a depth of 54.8%. In addition to fuels and lubricants, it produces ammonia, bitumen, solvents, gases, xylenes. According to the company, in recent years, according to the results of the analysis of 2.4 thousand samples, no excesses of the standards for emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air have been identified. No environmental violations were found within the control points of the sanitary protection zone of the complex.

3. Ryazan Oil Refining Company (18.8 million tons)

The largest refinery of Rosneft with a capacity of 18.8 million tons - the Ryazan Oil Refining Company (until 2002 - the Ryazan Oil Refinery) - produces gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, boiler fuel, bitumen for the construction and road industries. The company started operating in 1960. Last year, the plant processed 16.2 million tons of raw materials with a depth of 68.6%, while producing 15.66 million tons of products, including 3.42 million tons of gasoline, 3.75 million tons of diesel fuel and 4.92 million tons fuel oil. In 2014, an environmental research center began operating at the enterprise. There are also five environmental laboratories. Harmful emissions have been measured since 1961.

4. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (17 million tons)

One of the leaders in domestic oil refining, the Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez enterprise (owner - Lukoil), is located in the city of Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region. The enterprise, whose capacity currently reaches 17 million tons, was opened in 1958 and received the name Novogorkovsky Oil Refinery.

The refinery produces about 70 types of products, including gasoline and diesel fuel, aviation fuel, paraffins and oil bitumen. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez is the only company in Russia that produces hard-type edible paraffins. The processing depth reaches 75%. The plant has an ecological laboratory, which includes two mobile complexes. As part of the "Clean Air" program, the plant's tanks are equipped with pontoons to reduce the amount of hydrocarbon emissions into the atmosphere by dozens of times. Over the past ten years, the average indicators of environmental pollution have decreased by a factor of three.

5. Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka (15.7 million tons)

The Volgograd (Stalingrad) refinery, launched in 1957, became part of the Lukoil company in 1991 and received a new name - Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka. The plant's capacity is 15.7 million tons, the actual capacity is 12.6 million tons with a processing depth of 93%. Now the company produces about seven dozen types of refined products, including motor gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied gases, bitumen, oils, cokes and gas oils. According to Lukoil, thanks to the implementation of the environmental safety program, gross emissions were reduced by 44%.

6. Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (15 million tons)

The Novo-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery (currently Slavneft-YANOS, jointly owned by Gazprom and Slavneft) began operating in 1961. The current installed capacity of the plant is 15 million tons of raw materials, the processing depth is 66%. The enterprise is engaged in the production of motor gasolines, diesel fuel, fuel used in jet engines, a wide range of oils, bitumen, waxes, paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, fuel oil and liquefied gases. Over the past 11 years, Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez has significantly improved the quality of its industrial effluents. The amount of waste accumulated before has decreased by 3.5 times, and the volume of polluting emissions into the atmosphere - by 1.4 times.

7. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez (13.1 million tons)

In 1958, the Perm Oil Refinery was put into operation. Later, it received such names as the Perm Oil Refinery, Permnefteorgsintez, and as a result, after becoming the property of Lukoil, it was renamed Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez. The capacity of the enterprise with a depth of processing of raw materials of 88% reaches 13.1 million tons. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez produces a wide range of products, including dozens of items - gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel for jet power plants, gas oils, toluene, benzene, liquefied hydrocarbon gases, sulfur, acids and petroleum cokes.

According to the assurances of the plant's management, the enterprise is actively implementing measures that make it possible to exclude emissions of polluting components into the environment in excess of the regulatory limits. All types of oily waste are disposed of using special modern equipment. Last year, the plant won the competition "Leader of Environmental Protection in Russia".

8. Gazprom Neft - Moscow Refinery (12.15 million tons)

The Moscow Oil Refinery (owned by Gazprom Neft), which currently meets 34% of the needs of the Russian capital in oil products, was built in 1938. The plant's capacity reaches 12.15 million tons with a processing depth of 75%. The plant is mainly engaged in the fuel segment - it produces motor fuel, but additionally produces bitumen. Liquefied gases for domestic and communal needs, fuel oil are also produced. According to Gazpromneft-Moscow Refinery, the company's environmental management system complies with international standards.

However, since 2014, the plant has repeatedly been in the spotlight due to hydrogen sulfide emissions into the atmospheric air of Moscow. Although, according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the mentioned oil refinery really turned out to be the source of pollution, the corresponding official charges were not brought, and another three dozen industrial facilities located in the city fell under suspicion. In 2017, representatives of the Moscow Refinery reported that there were no excesses in pollutant emissions on the territory of the enterprise. Recall that the Moscow mayor's office announced the launch of a monitoring system for plant emissions.

9. RN-Tuapse Refinery (12 million tons)

The RN-Tuapse Refinery is the oldest oil refinery in Russia. It was built in 1929. The uniqueness of the enterprise also lies in the fact that it is the only refinery in the country located on the Black Sea coast. The owner of the RN-Tuapse Refinery is Rosneft Corporation. The plant's capacity is 12 million tons (in fact, 8.6 million tons of raw materials are processed per year), the processing depth is up to 54%. The main range of manufactured products is gasoline, including technological, diesel fuel, kerosene for lighting purposes, fuel oil and liquefied gas. According to the administration of the plant, the refinery managed to halve the amount of polluting emissions into the atmosphere in a short time. Also, the quality of effluents has been brought to the level of fishery reservoirs of the first category.

10. Angarsk Petrochemical Company (10.2 million tons)

In Angarsk, Irkutsk Region, the production facilities of the Angarsk Petrochemical Company, which specializes in oil refining, are located. The complex includes an oil refinery, chemical units, as well as a plant for the production of oils. Installed capacity - 10.2 million tons, processing depth - 73.8%. The complex was launched in 1945 as an enterprise for the production of liquid coal fuel, and in 1953 the first petrochemical facilities were put into operation. Now the company produces gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene for aircraft, alcohols, fuel oil, sulfuric acid, and oils. As part of the implementation of environmental safety measures, closed flares have been installed to neutralize waste gases, and a recycling water supply system is being built.

Leaders in oil refining: top regions and companies

If we talk about the Russian oil refining industry as a whole, then it is characterized by a large (up to 90%) degree of consolidation. The plants mainly operate as part of vertically integrated companies.

Most of the existing oil refineries in Russia were built back in the Soviet period. The distribution of oil refineries by region was carried out according to two principles - proximity to deposits of raw materials and in accordance with the need to supply fuels and lubricants and petrochemical products to specific regions of the RSFSR, or to neighboring republics of the USSR. These factors predetermined the picture of the location of oil refining capacities on the territory of the modern Russian state.

The current stage of development of the domestic processing of "black gold" is characterized not only by an increase in capacity, but also by a total modernization of production. The latter enables Russian companies both to improve the quality of products to the level of the most stringent international standards, and to increase the depth of processing of raw materials, as well as to minimize the negative impact on the environment.

An oil refinery is an industrial enterprise whose main function is to refine oil into gasoline, aviation kerosene, fuel oil, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum coke, raw materials for petrochemicals. The production cycle of a refinery usually consists of preparation of raw materials, primary distillation of oil and secondary processing of oil fractions: catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, coking, visbreaking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating and mixing components of finished petroleum products. There are many oil refineries in Russia. Some refineries have been operating for a long time - since the war years, others have been put into operation relatively recently. The Achinsk Oil Refinery turned out to be the youngest plant among the considered enterprises; it has been operating since 2002.

The site compiled a rating of refineries supplying Russian regions with petroleum products.
1. - an oil refinery located in the Bolsheuluysky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The company was founded on September 5, 2002. Owned by Rosneft.
2. Komsomolsk Oil Refinery is a Russian oil refinery located in the Khabarovsk Territory in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Also owned by OAO NK Rosneft. Built in 1942. It occupies a significant place in oil refining in the Russian Far East.
3. - Russian oil refinery in the Samara region. Included in the group of OAO NK Rosneft. Year of foundation - 1945.
4. - an oil refining enterprise, located in Moscow, in the Kapotnya district. The plant was commissioned in 1938.
5. - Russian oil refinery in the Samara region. Included in the group of OAO NK Rosneft. The refinery was founded in 1951.
6. Omsk oil refinery is one of the largest oil refineries in Russia. Owned by Gazprom Neft. September 5, 1955 put into operation.
7. - Russian oil refinery. Also known as "Cracking". Part of the TNK-BP group. Located in the city of Saratov. Founded in 1934.
8. - Russian oil refinery in the Samara region. Included in the group of OAO NK Rosneft. Works since 1942.
9. - Russian oil refinery in the Krasnodar Territory. The plant is a single production complex with a sea terminal of Rosneft's oil product supply enterprise - OAO NK Rosneft-Tuapsenefteprodukt. The main part of the products is exported. It is part of the Rosneft oil company. The year of foundation is 1929.
10. - Russian refinery, a leading Far Eastern manufacturer of motor and boiler fuel. It is part of the NK "Alliance". The enterprise's capacity is 4.35 million tons of oil per year. Founded in 1935.

LUKOIL includes four refineries in Russia (in Perm, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod and Ukhta), three refineries in Europe (Italy, Romania, Bulgaria), and LUKOIL also owns a 45% stake in refineries in the Netherlands. The refinery's total capacity is 84.6 mmt, which is practically the same as the Company's oil production in 2018.

The Company's refineries have modern conversion and refining facilities and produce a wide range of high-quality petroleum products. In terms of technological capacity and efficiency indicators, Russian plants surpass the average Russian level, while the Company's European plants are not inferior to competitors and are located close to key sales markets.

Oil refining at own refineries in 2018

Modernization

The company completed a large-scale investment cycle in 2016 with the commissioning of the largest vacuum gas oil deep processing complex in Russia at the Volgograd Refinery.

The implementation of the program made it possible to increase the environmental class of produced motor fuels to Euro-5, as well as to significantly increase the share of high value-added petroleum products in the produced basket.

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Crude oil processing, mt	66,570	64,489	66,061	67,240	67,316
Output of petroleum products, mmt	64,118	60,900	62,343	63,491	63,774
Gasoline (straight-run and automotive), mmt	13,940	14,645	16,494	17,372	16,783
Diesel fuel, mmt	21,496	21,430	22,668	25,628	25,834
Aviation kerosene, mmt	3,291	3,069	3,110	3,793	3,951
Fuel oil and vacuum gas oil, mmt	17,540	14,651	12,511	9,098	9,399
Oils and components, mmt	1,109	0,928	1,015	1,163	0,961
Others, mmt	6,742	6,177	6,545	6,437	6,846
Yield of light, %	59,8	62,6	66,5	71,3	70,5
Depth of processing, %	80,1	81,6	85,2	86,8	88,0
Nelson index	7,6	8,2	8,8	8,8	8,8

Russian refineries

Commissioning of new processing units in 2015-2016, optimization of secondary process loading and expansion of the raw material mix allowed to significantly improve the product mix and reduce the share of fuel oil and vacuum gas oil in favor of increasing the share of light oil products.

OIL REFINING AT REFINERS IN RUSSIA IN 2018

In 2018, work continued to increase the depth of processing through the use of alternative raw materials and additional loading of secondary processes, including through deepening inter-factory integration.

Volgograd Refinery

Located in the southern region of Russia

Processes a mixture of light West Siberian and Lower Volga oils

Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Samara-Tikhoretsk oil pipeline

Finished products are shipped by rail, river and road transport

The main conversion processes are coking units (2 units with a capacity of 24.0 thousand barrels per day), hydrocracking units (with a capacity of 67.0 thousand barrels per day)

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Capacity*, mln t/year	11,3	14,5	14,5	14,5	14,5
Nelson index	6,1	5,4	6,9	6,9	6,9
Processing of raw materials, mmt	11,413	12,587	12,895	14,388	14,775
Output of petroleum products, mmt	10,932	12,037	12,413	13,825	14,263

* Excluding unused capacities (1.2 million tons since 2015).

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1957 and became part of LUKOIL in 1991. In the early 2000s a gasoline blending station and an oil discharge rack, diesel fuel hydrotreating units, straight-run gasoline stabilization and gas fractionation of saturated hydrocarbon gases were put into operation.

In 2004-2010 the first stage of the coke calcination unit, the isomerization unit, and the catalytic reforming unit were put into operation. The vacuum block of the AVT-6 unit was reconstructed and put into operation. The production of diesel fuel under the EKTO brand has begun.

In 2010-2014 modernization of diesel fuel hydrotreatment was completed, a hydrogen concentration unit, a delayed coking unit, a diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit, and the second line of the coke calcination unit were put into operation.

In 2015, the ELOU-AVT-1 primary oil refining unit was put into operation, which makes it possible to increase the refining efficiency and increase the oil refining capacity to 15.7 million tons per year.

In 2016, a complex for deep processing of vacuum gas oil was put into operation. The capacity of Russia's largest Vacuum Gas Oil Deep Processing Complex is 3.5 million tons per year. It was built in record time - 3 years. The complex also included installations for the production of hydrogen and sulfur, industrial facilities.

In 2017, the hydrocracking unit built in 2016 was successfully brought to the design mode. This made it possible to significantly improve the refinery's oil product basket by replacing vacuum gas oil with high value-added products, primarily Euro-5 class diesel fuel.

In 2018, the Volgograd Refinery developed a technology for the production of low-sulfur dark marine fuel that meets the promising requirements of MARPOL.

Perm refinery

• Oil refinery of fuel and oil and petrochemical profile

  Located 9 km from the city of Perm

  Processes a mixture of oils from fields in the north of the Perm region and Western Siberia

  Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Surgut-Polotsk and Kholmogory-Klin oil pipelines

  Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as via the Perm-Andreevka-Ufa oil product pipeline

  The main conversion processes are T-Star hydrocracking units (65.2 thousand barrels per day), catalytic cracking (9.3 thousand barrels per day), coking units (56.0 thousand barrels per day)

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Capacity, mln t/year	13,1	13,1	13,1	13,1	13,1
Nelson index	8,1	9,4	9,4	9,4	9,4
Processing of raw materials, mmt	12,685	11,105	11,898	12,452	12,966
Output of petroleum products, mmt	12,430	10,333	11,008	11,543	12,042

Factory history

The plant was put into operation in 1958, and in 1991 it became part of LUKOIL. In the 1990s the plant implemented a program for the reconstruction of the coke unit, built a unit for vacuum distillation of fuel oil, created the production of oils, put into operation a unit for the utilization of hydrogen sulfide and the production of sulfuric acid.

In the 2000s a complex for deep oil refining, an isomerization unit were commissioned, the AVT units were reconstructed and the atmospheric unit of the AVT-4 unit was upgraded. In 2008, the refinery's capacity was increased to 12.6 million tons per year.

In 2011-2014 the capacity of the delayed coking unit was increased to 1 million tons per year, the diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit was modernized, and the technical re-equipment of the vacuum unit of the AVT-4 unit was completed.

In 2015, the Oil Residue Processing Complex was put into operation, which made it possible to switch to an oil-free scheme and increase the yield of light oil products, and the construction of a power unit with an installed capacity of 200 MW was also completed. In 2016, the reconstruction of the Diesel Fuel Hydrodearomatization Unit of the Hydrocracking Unit was completed.

In 2017, a fuel oil discharge rack with a capacity of up to 1 million tons per year was put into operation. The overpass increased inter-factory integration and made it possible to provide the oil residue processing complex and the bitumen production unit of the Perm Refinery with heavy oil feedstock from the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery.

In 2018, the Perm Refinery commissioned an infrastructure for receiving fuel oil, which made it possible to increase the load on delayed coker units and improve inter-factory optimization within the Group.

Nizhny Novgorod Refinery

Oil refinery fuel and oil profile

Located in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region

Processes a mixture of oils from Western Siberia and Tatarstan

Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Almetyevsk-Nizhny Novgorod and Surgut-Polotsk oil pipelines

Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as by pipeline

The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (80.0 thousand barrels per day), a visbreaking unit (42.2 thousand barrels per day)

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Capacity, mln t/year	17,0	17,0	17,0	17,0	17,0
Nelson index	6,4	7,1	7,3	7,3	7,3
Processing of raw materials, mmt	17,021	15,108	15,423	15,484	14,989
Output of petroleum products, mmt	16,294	14,417	14,826	14,727	14,296

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1958 and became part of LUKOIL in 2001.

In the 2000s AVT-5 units and oil hydrotreating units were reconstructed. A catalytic reforming unit and a gasoline isomerization unit were put into operation, and the AVT-6 atmospheric unit was upgraded. The hydrotreating unit was reconstructed, which made it possible to start producing diesel fuel according to the Euro-5 standard. In 2008, a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 2.4 million tons/year was put into operation, which contributed to an increase in the production of vacuum gas oil and a decrease in the production of heating oil. In 2010, a catalytic cracking complex for vacuum gas oil was put into operation, thanks to which the production of high-octane gasoline and diesel fuel was increased. The diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was reconstructed.

In 2011-2014 a hydrofluoric alkylation unit was put into operation, the reconstruction of AVT-5 was completed. In 2015, Catalytic Cracking Complex 2 and Vacuum Unit VT-2 were put into operation. In 2016, the commodity basket was expanded.

In 2017, the production of EKTO 100 premium gasoline with improved performance properties began. Also, a final investment decision was made on the construction of a delayed coking complex with a capacity of 2.1 million tons per year in terms of raw materials. The raw material for the complex will be heavy oil refining residues, and the main types of products will be diesel fuel, straight-run gasoline and gas fractions, as well as dark oil products - vacuum gas oil and coke. The construction of the complex and related optimization measures will increase the yield of light oil products at the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery by more than 10%. The increase in recycling capacity, along with optimization of the plant's load, will significantly reduce the output of fuel oil.

In 2018, the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery began construction of a delayed coking complex, signed EPC contracts with contractors, and began preparing the pile field and foundations for the complex’s units. The increase in recycling capacity, along with optimization of the plant's load, will reduce the production of fuel oil by 2.7 million tons per year.

Ukhta refinery

Located in the central part of the Komi Republic

Processes a mixture of oils from the fields of the Komi Republic

Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Usa-Ukhta oil pipeline

Main conversion processes - visbreaking unit (14.1 thousand barrels per day)

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Capacity*, mln t/year	4,0	4,0	4,2	4,2	4,2
Nelson index	3,8	3,8	3,7	3,7	3,7
Processing of raw materials, mmt	3,993	3,386	2,853	2,311	1,899
Output of petroleum products, mmt	3,835	3,221	2,693	2,182	1,799

* Excluding unused capacity (2.0 mmt).

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1934 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.

In the 2000s, the AT-1 unit was reconstructed, a unit for hydrodewaxing of diesel fuel, an overpass for draining oil and loading dark oil products were put into operation. The first stage of reconstruction of the catalytic reforming complex was completed, which increased the capacity of the process by 35,000 tons per year. A block was commissioned to increase the hydrogen concentration at the hydrodewaxing unit, the second stage of the oil and oil products loading and unloading facility was built, the catalytic reforming unit was re-equipped, and a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 800,000 t/year was launched, which made it possible to increase the production of vacuum gas oil. In 2009, the construction of the isomerization unit was completed.

In 2012, the technical re-equipment of the reactor block of the GDS-850 diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit was completed. In 2013, the AVT plant was put into operation after reconstruction, and the capacity of the vacuum unit was increased to 2 million tons per year. The project for the construction of a gas condensate discharge unit was completed. In 2014-2015 the technical re-equipment of the enterprise continued.

mini refinery

European refineries

OIL REFINING AT EUROPEAN REFINERS IN 2018

Refinery in Ploiesti, Romania

Oil refinery fuel profile

Located in Ploiesti (in the central part of Romania), 55 km from Bucharest

Processes Urals oil (Russian export blend) and oil from Romanian fields

Oil is supplied to the refinery via an oil pipeline from the port of Constanta on the Black Sea. Romanian oil also comes by rail

Finished products are shipped by rail and road

The main conversion processes are the catalytic cracking unit (18.9 thousand barrels per day) and coking unit (12.5 thousand barrels per day)

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2048
Capacity, mln t/year	2,7	2,7	2,7	2,7	2.7
Nelson index	10,0	10,0	10,0	10,0	10.0
Processing of raw materials, mmt	2,380	2,237	2,771	2,368	2,723
	2,328	2,173	2,709	2,320	2,659

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1904 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.

In the 2000s the production of AI-98 gasoline and low-sulphur diesel fuel was mastered. In the early 2000s installations for primary oil refining, hydrotreatment, reforming, coking, catalytic cracking, gas fractionation and isomerization were upgraded, catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreatment units and hydrogen production units were built. In 2004 the plant was put into operation. Later, a unit for the production of MTBE/TAME additives was put into operation, a 25 MW turbine generator was launched, the reconstruction of units for hydrotreatment of diesel fuel, catalytic cracking, hydrotreatment of catalytic cracked gasoline and production of MTBE/TAME, as well as the vacuum unit of the AVT-1 unit, was completed. The construction of a hydrogen production unit was completed, which made it possible to produce fuels of the Euro-5 standard.

In 2010-2014 2 new coking chambers of the delayed coking unit were installed, the production of propylene with a sulfur content of less than 5 ppm was organized, the reconstruction of the amine block was completed, an improved control system was introduced at the AVT-3 unit, which makes it possible to increase the yield of marketable products. In 2013, projects were completed to increase the degree of recovery of C3+ from dry gas from catalytic cracking, and upgrade treatment facilities. A major overhaul of the enterprise was carried out, a transition to an oil-free production scheme was carried out, the depth of processing and the yield of light oil products were increased.

In 2015, a catalytic cracking flue gas cleaning unit was put into operation.

Oil refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria

Oil refinery of fuel and petrochemical profile


Located on the Black Sea coast, 15 km from Burgas


Processes oil of various grades (including Russian export grades), fuel oil


Oil is supplied to the refinery via a pipeline from the Rosenets oil terminal


Finished products are shipped by rail, sea and road transport, as well as through an oil product pipeline to the central regions of the country


The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (37.1 thousand barrels per day), a visbreaking unit (26.4 thousand barrels per day) and a tar hydrocracking unit (39.0 thousand barrels per day)

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Capacity*, mln t/year	7,0	7,0	7,0	7,0	7,0
Nelson index	8,9	13,0	13,0	13,0	13,0
Processing of raw materials, mmt	5,987	6,623	6,813	7,004	5,997
Output of marketable products, mln t	5,635	6,210	6,402	6,527	5,663

* Excluding unused capacities (2.8 mmt).

The main refineries in Russia operating today were built in the post-war years, when the consumption of fuel of all grades by transport and industry increased sharply.

When choosing the plant sites, we were guided by the proximity both to the places of production in order to reduce the cost of transporting oil, and to areas of intensive fuel consumption.

Distribution of capacities across the country

The largest oil refining capacities are concentrated in the Volga Federal District (Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Perm, Saratov regions, the republics of Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkortostan) - 122 million tons per year.

Large capacities of Russian refineries operate in Central(Ryazan, Yaroslavl and Moscow regions) and in Siberian(Omsk, Kemerovo, Irkutsk regions and Krasnoyarsk Territory) federal districts. The plants of each of these districts can process more than 40 million tons of oil per year.

refinery Southern Federal District designed to process 28 million tons, Northwestern– 25 million tons, Far East– 12 million tons, Ural- 7 million tons. The total capacity of refineries in Russia is 296 million tons of oil per year.

The largest refineries in Russia are the Omsk Refinery (21 million tons), KirishiNOS (20 million tons, Leningrad Region), RNK (19 million tons, Ryazan Region), Lukoil-NORSI (17 million tons, Nizhny Novgorod Region), Volgograd Refinery(16 million tons), YaroslavNOS (15 million tons).

Virtually any questions about oil refining today can be answered from the mass media. Any information about refineries is available on the Internet, how many refineries there are in Russia, where they produce gasoline, diesel fuel, what else they produce, at which plants they produce especially high-quality products. If desired, it is easy to find.

Depth of oil refining

An important indicator of the oil refining industry, along with the volume of output, is the depth of oil refining, which refineries in Russia have reached. Today it is 74%, while in Europe this figure is 85%, and in the US - 96%.

The depth of refining is estimated as a quotient of the mass of produced products minus fuel oil and gas divided by the mass of oil received for processing.

The low output of the main oil products is due to the lack of high modern technologies at the refineries. Some of them were laid down in the pre-war and post-war years, the processing processes used on them are outdated, and the permanent crises since the beginning of the 90s have not given a chance for the modernization of production. Today, investments are gradually increasing, new shops and processing complexes are appearing, the quality and yield of petroleum products is growing.

From oil obtained by direct processing:

More complex refining processes make it possible to obtain substances, materials and products from oil, the list of which takes up many pages. The higher the degree of oil refining, the less it is required, and the lower the cost of production.

If you liked our article and somehow we were able to answer your questions, we will be very grateful for a good review of our site!

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Gas and oil processing

Strategy

Prospects for the development of Gazprom as one of the world's energy leaders are closely linked to the improvement of hydrocarbon processing. The company aims to increase the depth of processing and increase the volume of production of products with increased added value.

Processing capacities

The Gazprom Group's refining complex includes gas and gas condensate processing plants of PJSC Gazprom and oil refining facilities of PJSC Gazprom Neft. The Group also includes OOO Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat, one of the largest oil refining and petrochemical production complexes in Russia. Gazprom constantly modernizes existing and creates new processing enterprises. The Amur Gas Processing Plant (GPP) under construction will become one of the largest in the world.

Gas processing

Key capacities of the Gazprom Group for gas processing and petrochemicals as of December 31, 2018:

Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant (GPP);

Orenburg GPP;

Sosnogorsk GPP;

Yuzhno-Priobsky GPP (Gazprom Group's access to 50% of capacity);

Orenburg helium plant;

Tomsk methanol plant;

Plant "Monomer" LLC "Gazprom neftekhim Salavat";

Gas chemical plant LLC "Gazprom neftekhim Salavat";

Plant for the production of mineral fertilizers of Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC.

In 2018, the Gazprom Group processed 30.1 billion cubic meters, excluding tolling raw materials. m of natural and associated gas.

Volumes of natural and associated gas processing in 2014-2018, bcm m (excluding customer-supplied raw materials)

Oil and gas condensate processing

Key capacities of Gazprom Group for processing liquid hydrocarbon feedstock (oil, gas condensate, fuel oil) as of December 31, 2018:

Surgut Condensate Stabilization Plant. V. S. Chernomyrdin;

Urengoy plant for the preparation of condensate for transport;

Astrakhan GPP;

Orenburg GPP;

Sosnogorsk GPP;

Oil refinery (refinery) LLC "Gazprom neftekhim Salavat";

Moscow Refinery of the Gazprom Neft Group;

Omsk Refinery of the Gazprom Neft Group;

Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (Gazprom Group's access to 50% of its capacity through PJSC NGK Slavneft);

Mozyr Refinery, Republic of Belarus (up to 50% of the volume of oil supplied to the refinery, access by the Gazprom Group through PJSC NGK Slavneft);

Refineries of the Gazprom Neft Group in Pancevo and Novi Sad, Serbia.

The main refinery of the Gazprom Group is the Omsk Refinery, one of the most modern refineries in Russia and one of the largest in the world.

In 2018, the Gazprom Group processed 67.4 mmt of liquid hydrocarbons.

Volumes of oil and gas condensate refining, mmt

Processed products

Production of the main types of products of processing, gas and petrochemicals by the Gazprom Group (excluding raw materials tolling)

	For the year ended 31 December
	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Stable gas condensate and oil, thousand tons	6410,8	7448,1	8216,4	8688,7	8234,3
Dry gas, bcm m	23,3	24,2	24,0	23,6	23,6
LPG, thousand tons	3371,1	3463,3	3525,4	3522,5	3614,3
including abroad	130,4	137,9	115,0	103,0	97,0
Automobile gasoline, thousand tons	12 067,9	12 395,2	12 270,0	11 675,6	12 044,9
including abroad	762,7	646,8	516,0	469,0	515,7
Diesel fuel, thousand tons	16 281,4	14 837,0	14 971,4	14 322,1	15 662,5
including abroad	1493,8	1470,1	1363,0	1299,0	1571,2
Aviation fuel, thousand tons	3161,9	3171,0	3213,2	3148,8	3553,3
including abroad	108,5	107,9	122,0	155,0	190,4
Fuel oil, thousand tons	9318,0	8371,4	7787,2	6585,9	6880,6
including abroad	717,8	450,6	334,0	318,0	253,7
Marine fuel, thousand tons	4139,0	4172,2	3177,2	3367,3	2952,0
Bitumen, thousand tons	1949,2	1883,8	2112,0	2662,1	3122,3
including abroad	262,2	333,0	335,0	553,3	600,3
Oils, thousand tons	374,3	404,1	421,0	480,0	487,2
Sulfur, thousand tons	4747,8	4793,8	4905,6	5013,6	5179,7
including abroad	15,6	17,8	22,0	24,0	23,0
Helium, thousand cubic meters m	3997,5	4969,7	5054,1	5102,2	5088,9
NGL, thousand tons	1534,7	1728,6	1807,0	1294,8	1465,5
Ethane fraction, thousand tons	373,8	377,4	377,9	363,0	347,3
Monomers, thousand tons	262,2	243,4	294,0	264,9	335,8
Polymers, thousand tons	161,8	157,9	179,1	154,3	185,6
Products of organic synthesis, thousand tons	83,5	90,4	89,6	44,7	71,3
Mineral fertilizers and raw materials for them, thousand tons	778,2	775,9	953,0	985,5	836,4