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How to start breeding bulls for meat as a business? Features and organization of the case. Research work "Is it profitable to keep a cow?" Income from one cow per month

Igor Nikolaev

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Buying a cow is, first of all, a great responsibility and a lot of work. This is work from early morning to late evening, without weekends and holidays. The animal must be milked, fed, treated, cared for and maintained.

Many questions need to be considered. Where to keep the animal in winter and summer? Prepare a forage base, pick up pastures for walking. How to make stocks for the winter, where will they be stored? In order for an individual to constantly give milk, they carry out artificial insemination or lead it to mating.

The animal needs to be vaccinated and preventive examinations. Before making a decision to purchase cattle, they stock up on knowledge on the care, feeding and maintenance of not only an adult animal, but also a calf. Keeping farm animals is expensive. They calculate the budget and decide whether it is profitable to keep cows for milk.

Room for an animal

In the farmsteads, cattle are kept in a stall-tethered way with a long range in the summer. For a cow, it is necessary to provide a room in which she will be. A simple barn will not do. The room should be warm, light, dry. Gaps in windows or walls are unacceptable: drafts will lead to respiratory diseases.

The hangar or barn should be spacious with a free approach to the feeder and drinker. The barn is organized in such a way that the animal can freely enter it and settle down in it not only standing, but also lying down. The room must be cleaned before each milking. In a small barn with a narrow passage, this will be difficult.

The barn can be rebuilt or purchased. When buying, it will cost 1500 rubles. per m 2. 1 individual will require 2.3 m 2. Compartment for the calf - 1.5 m 2. The calf will grow, he will also need a spacious area for living. A small hangar for a cow and a calf with separate stalls with an area of 20 m 2 will cost 30 thousand rubles.

If you plan to purchase an animal for a private backyard, then it will be cheaper to adapt a barn, but it will have to be repaired and disinfected. It is cheaper to keep cows in a private house.

The barn should be well ventilated. It is constantly treated against insects and against helminths. Keep it clean. The smells of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide should not be felt. Large concentrations of chemicals are unacceptable. This will affect the health of the animal, may lead to respiratory diseases. Having calculated the costs of the premises, their payback, you can already understand whether it is profitable to keep a cow.

A certain temperature is maintained in the barn. It should not be higher than +16 C and not lower than +5 C. Heating is usually not done, the walls and roof of the barn are insulated. In summer it will be cooler than outside, and warm in winter. It is better to use mineral heaters. Reed and straw insulation will be spoiled by rodents.

It is necessary to take care of the summer walks. It is good if the farmer owns pastures. Otherwise, they can be rented by obtaining permission to graze livestock from the local authorities.

feed base

Cows and calves require a balanced diet, so even before buying an animal, you will have to think about the food supply. It should contain coarse, succulent feed, concentrates, grain mixtures, vitamin supplements, minerals.

For 1 adult per year, the following amount of feed is required:

1.5 tons of barley cost 11,000 rubles;
800-900 kg of bran - 6 thousand rubles;
hay - 7.5-8 tons; this is 50-54 bales, if each has 150 kg; hay will cost 5,000 rubles a year if each bale costs 100 rubles; hay is necessary for the animal not only for food, but also for bedding;
vegetables - 1 ton; you can’t grow such an amount in the garden, you have to buy; for vegetables, 5,000 rubles are set aside;
silo - 1 t; at the same cost; haylage can be prepared independently if there are personal meadows; for silage and haylage, it is necessary to provide and properly equip pits;
for top dressing with minerals, salt, chalk, which is necessary for a cow, another 1.5 thousand rubles are set aside.

The feed base for 1 cow per year will cost approximately 27.5-28 thousand rubles. If the individual survived calving, she began lactation, then after 3 months it is necessary to carry out artificial insemination. This also requires funding. 1 dose of seminal fluid can cost up to 2,000 rubles.

How much will the inseminator or veterinarian have to pay? 285 days after successful insemination, a calf will appear. For him, too, it is necessary to prepare a fodder base. It will not take as much as for an adult, approximately 15 thousand rubles.

They calculate the financial investments for the construction of a barn, the costs of a cow and a calf. They will amount to approximately 45 thousand rubles. To understand whether it is profitable to keep a cow, you must first calculate how much profit an entrepreneur will receive from milk.

A newborn calf needs to be vaccinated. Each veterinarian has a vaccination calendar. Already at 12 days old, calves are vaccinated against rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial infection, and pasteurellosis. Revaccination is carried out on the 45th day. On day 130 revaccination of rhinotracheitis. On the 30th day, salmonellosis is vaccinated.

At 3 months - from rabies. Revaccination is carried out at 6 months. At 4 months - anthrax, foot and mouth disease. Vaccines and the work of a doctor cost a lot. Approximately 10,000 rubles are set aside for procedures.

To understand whether it is profitable to keep a cow, it is necessary to provide for additional costs. This will include electricity, water, the purchase of equipment, hygiene products for the cow and calf, disinfectants for the udder and barn.

For purchases and utility bills, another 5 thousand rubles will be required. To start breeding cows, you need to invest at least 50,000 rubles. The purchase of the animal itself will take at least 20,000 rubles. The starting amount will be - 70,000 rubles.

Projected Profit

If purchased already, then she will give milk from the next milking. It can already be sold and receive income, but the cow will need adaptation. Not all animals will be able to immediately get used to another owner and adapt to a new room. They are under stress. Even if the individual gave a lot of milk, her milk yield will decrease. It will take time to accustom the cow to the conditions of housing, feeding and milking that are unusual for her. Adaptation can last more than one month.

If you take a one-year-old heifer, then she will not give milk soon. A lot of money will be spent on its maintenance. Six months later, they lead her to mating. After another 285 days, 9.5 months, she will survive calving. Milk that can be sold will be produced only after 1.5-2 months. For almost 2 years, the heifer will simply have to be raised without receiving any income from it. You can reduce costs if you purchase an animal in the spring.

Along with the heifer, the householders advise buying bulls. It is better to contact local organizations or private sellers. In this case, the animals do not have to go through acclimatization. If you make a purchase in the spring, then the cost of feed will be minimal. In a year, the young are put on fattening. After 3 months, the bulls are led to slaughter.

In a year and a half, the weight of a bull can reach 700 kg.
The slaughter weight will be approximately 455 kg.
If 1 kg of meat costs 300 rubles, then 1 bull-calf can bring a profit of 136.5 thousand rubles.

The amount will cover the cost of maintaining the bull itself and the cow, which by this time will already have a lactation period. This business can be profitable. A dairy cow will show high productivity 2 months after calving.

If an individual has calved as a heifer, then she is already growing up, and she is being inseminated. Soon she will give milk. If a bull was born, then by the time of the dry period of the cow, it can already be put on fattening. The financial returns will be significant. If you do business in this way, you can achieve good results. To simultaneously carry out activities for the production of milk and for the cultivation of bulls for meat.

We calculate the results when breeding bulls and when buying 1 cow.

For the construction of a hangar, a fodder base for 1 year, 70 thousand rubles were spent on a cow.
The cost of a bull-calf and feed for him is 40 thousand rubles.
Total costs - 110 thousand rubles.

With accurate calculations, the food base for the born calf, for vaccinations, is taken into account.

Profit from the sale of meat amounted to 136.5 thousand from 1 bull.
Profit from the sale of milk - 400 thousand rubles.
Net income - 426.5 thousand. This amount will cover all preliminary expenses.

Is it profitable to keep a cow in a private household?

Rural families have completely stopped keeping cows - they say: unprofitable. From producers of milk and meat, the villagers gradually began to turn into its consumers - like city dwellers. Reflecting on this problem, we decided to calculate what costs are incurred for the maintenance of one cow and what income it brings.

If you already have a cow...

For a year, for the productive maintenance of a cow (which means feeding it not only so that it lives, but also to give milk), four tons of hay and 1-1.2 tons of feed are required.
Four tons of hay will cost 8-8.5 thousand rubles (16 bales of 500 rubles apiece). The Bogdanovichi plant sells feed for 12-13 thousand rubles per ton. Buying 1.2 tons at this price, we will have to shell out another 14,400 rubles from our pocket. In total, for hay and feed for one cow, you will have to pay 22,400 (8,000 + 14,400) rubles.
To these expenses we will add grazing. If you organize a collective grazing of cows and hire a shepherd together, set a fee, for example, 300-400 rubles. per head per month (and cows graze from May to October inclusive, that is, six months), which means that grazing a year will cost 2,400 rubles.
Let's sum up the cost per year per cow - 24,800 rubles. Of course, other costs may be added to this. For example, vaccinations, calling a veterinarian, etc., as a result, keeping a cow costs twenty-six thousand.

What can we get?

We calculate two options for the sale of milk. Option one- we hand over the milk to the manufacturer. In our district, such a purchase is organized mainly in the Galkinsky rural settlement by an individual entrepreneur A.V. Osipov. So, on average, a cow will give 3,500 liters of milk per year (and this is not the best cow, let's call it average).
Let's assume that we drink 500 liters of milk to the born calf, leave three liters for the needs of the family every day, and hand over the rest of the milk to the purveyor. This balance (on average) - 2300 liters (3500 l - 500 l - 700 l) is multiplied by 11 rubles. (average purchase price for the current date), we get 25300 rubles. Yes, the price is very low, but at the same time you have no worries about who to sell to, no transportation costs, you do not spend money on electricity, gas in case of milk processing.
It would seem that what happens when the cost of a cow is 26,000 rubles. income is only 25,300 rubles.? But we left 700 liters for ourselves, and if there weren’t a cow, we would have to buy this milk in a store at a price of at least 30 rubles, which is 21,000 rubles. That is, even with this option for the sale of excess milk, you can save 20,300 rubles for the family. In addition, every year a cow brings one calf. It was possible to sell a monthly calf last year for at least 9-10 thousand rubles, and if you leave it and grow it, then the family will have meat, and part of the meat can be sold.
Option two- We do it ourselves. To whom? Residents of their village, in the city. For calculation, we take the average prices: milk costs 25 rubles. per 1 liter, sour cream - 200 rubles. cottage cheese - 100 rubles. per kilogram.
We consider. Milk - 6 liters per day for 25 rubles. This is 150 rubles for seven days - 1050 rubles for a week.
Sour cream - 200 rubles. multiply by three liters per week, the result is 600 rubles.
Cottage cheese - 100 rubles, 3 kg per week, total - 300 rubles.
It turned out that in a week we received 1950 rubles, multiply by four weeks, in total - 7800 rubles per month of income from one cow.
A cow is milked for ten months a year, but we will only calculate for six, when it is most productive, so we will receive 46,800 rubles from the sale of dairy products (7,800 rubles are multiplied by six months).
For the remaining four months, we calculate the sale of milk daily for three liters, we multiply these 360 liters by 25 rubles, we get another 9,000 rubles. Total income for the year - 55800 rubles. Considering that the cost of keeping a cow amounted to approximately 26,000 rubles, the net profit is about 29,800 rubles. At the same time, we ourselves have milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, and maybe butter on the table all the time - this is also uncalculated profit, we didn’t pay for them - it was our cow who gave us “free”.

Erofeev Dmitry

Why don't people want to keep a cow? Maybe it's not profitable? Therefore, the topic of my research sounds exactly like this.

And everyone, even a child, knows that milk is very useful. Milk can be used to make many healthy foods. But the cow must be looked after, cleaned, fed. And this requires a lot of effort. Maybe people are more "afraid" of work and this work is not worth the money that you can get from a cow.

Despite the benefits of milk and dairy products, various programs aimed at the development of agriculture, including cattle breeding, in recent years in Russia, there are fewer and fewer cows. There is an opinion that keeping cows is not profitable.

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Research work

Subject "Mathematics"

Work theme : Is it profitable to keep a cow?

Completed:

Erofeev Dmitry Denisovich,

5th grade student

GBOU secondary school pos. Kinelsky

Samara region

Scientific adviser:

primary school teacher

GBOU secondary school village Kinelsky

municipal district Kinelsky

Samara region

Kuzerova Ekaterina Vasilievna,

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. PROBLEM 4

2.2. Purpose and objectives 4

2.3. Object of study 4

2.4. Hypothesis 5

2.5. Research Method 5

3.Theoretical and practical significance of the work 5

2.6 How cows appeared 6

2.7 Why is milk useful? 7

2.8 On the quality of milk. 8

4. CALCULATION OF THE FINANCIAL COST OF KEEPING A COW 9-11

2.9 Cost of keeping a cow per year

3.0 Cost of buying dairy products in the store

3.1 Average number of liters of milk per cow per day

3.2 Milk consumption for self

5. CONCLUSION 12

6. LITERATURE 13

7. APPENDICES 14-16

1. Introduction

Milk and dairy products are a valuable food product. They have high biological qualities. Dairy products contain many minerals and almost all vitamins. Milk is widely used in the nutrition of people of different age groups, as well as in clinical nutrition. Humans get most of their calcium from milk. Milk in its importance in the nutrition of the population ranks second after bread. The choice of my research work was based on the words of my grandfather that it is profitable to keep a cow, but for some reason there have been fewer cows in our beloved village in recent years. Any Slavic village is unthinkable without a cow. There were times when a cow was kept in every household, regardless of social status and wealth. The cow itself was considered a symbol of wealth. But times have changed, and so have priorities. According to many people, it is now more profitable to earn money in the social sphere, and not in the agricultural one.
There is a version that livestock today is easier to slaughter or hand over than to feed. Many do not even think about it - they keep it to feed their families. After all, milk, sour cream, butter, cheese can be sold and eat yourself. You won't leave hungry. But again, you need to work around the clock, 365 days a year, without holidays and weekends.
According to economists involved in calculating the profitability of keeping livestock, it is more profitable to rent than to feed. Especially in recent years, when due to weather conditions, a fairly large amount of grain crops has been lost, and not only.

2 PROBLEM:

Why don't people want to keep a cow? Maybe it's not profitable? Therefore, the topic of my research sounds exactly like this.

2.2 Purpose: to find out whether it is possible to profit from cow's dairy products, and whether milk is really so useful.

Tasks:

To study the literature on cattle in the subsidiary farm

Monitor animals on the farm

Why is milk useful?

How to determine the quality of milk?

Is it possible to profit from a cow?

Determine whether it is profitable for a rural family, today, to keep a cow in the household

2.3 Object of study:

Black-motley cow,

2.4 Hypothesis:

Subsistence farming helps to save the family budget of our families

2.5 Research method:

Observation, comparative analysis

Literature study

3 Theoretical significance of the work-

The results and course of the study allow expanding and deepening knowledge about the economic costs and benefits of household plots.

Practical value:

Finding out the benefits of subsidiary farming for the budget of a rural family.

2.6 How did the first cows appear?

The first domestic animals appeared thousands of years ago. Primitive people began to domesticate wild animals in order to have a constant source of skins, milk and meat. The wolf, the ancestor of the modern dog, was the first to be tamed. It happened 130 centuries ago. Then sheep and goats were domesticated, and a little later - cows and pigs.

Cattle - cows are descended from the wild bull of the tour. Scientists believe and insist that the aurochs were domesticated eight to nine thousand years ago. Man worked and needed the strength and muscles of animals. It was then that people caught wild animals, forced bulls to pull heavy plows. Grandfather said that during the war in the villages on cows and bulls they plowed the land.

Now cows are the main animals in the village. They are bred mainly for milk and meat. Milk is used to produce cheese and butter, curdled milk, kefir and cottage cheese, sour cream and other dairy products. Every year a cow gives birth to a calf. The mother feeds the calf for up to nine months, but it can be taken away from her at about three months of age, when he begins to eat grass. The average annual milk yield of dairy cows is 4-5 thousand kg.

There are 22 yards in our village Energia. Only three families keep cows. I also wondered: do the families of my classmates keep cows? To do this, I conducted a survey among students in my class.

2.7 Why is milk useful?

Cow's milk, Undoubtedly, it is a valuable food product.

Nutrients in milka lot - more than 200, and the main ones are proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts. All these components play an important role in nutrition and ensuring the normal functioning of the body. Milk fat is also valuable, and it is considered the most complete of the dietary fats.

Even in the Ancient East, milk was used to treat diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders. Eastern doctors believed that milk promotes the development of intelligence, makes a person more intelligent, helps him understand the world around him and distinguish good from evil.

2.8 About milk quality

One of the main indicators of milk quality is fat content. The fat content of milk depends on many factors. (heredity, age, nutrition, temperature)

Milk from a domestic cow is richer and more valuable.

To determine the fat content of milk, various methods have been developed that are carried out in laboratories and with special devices (butyromers)

Experience 1

I determined the fat content of our cow's milk.

To determine the fat content of milk at home, you only need a glass 12-15 cm high, a ruler with divisions into millimeters and, of course, the test product itself, i.e. milk.
On the prepared glass, draw a line with a felt-tip pen at a level of 10 cm from the bottom. Then pour milk into the glass up to the indicated mark.
A glass of milk should be left on the table, at room temperature, for 8 hours.
During this time, cream should float to the surface of the milk poured into a glass. The height of the layer formed from them must be measured with a ruler with millimeter divisions.
Now you should determine the percentage of fat content of milk. It's not at all difficult to do this. The height of the milk layer, i.e. 100 mm, must be considered as 100%.
The number of millimeters of the layer of cream formed on the surface of the milk is the percentage of the fat content of the product.
Naturally, it is impossible to measure tenths of a millimeter of cream “by eye”. But determining the approximate fat content using such a simple method is quite easy.

Conclusion: fat content was 8% (Appendix 1 Fig. 1,2)

Experience 2

Milk bought in a store.

Conclusion: this milk is undiluted. Fat content - 3.2%

Homemade milk is fatter, which means healthier. (Appendix 1 Figure 3.4)

4 CALCULATION OF FINANCIAL EXPENSES FOR KEEPING A COW.

2.9 Expenses for keeping one cow. (Appendix 2 tab 1)

1. One adult cow needs 20 kg of hay and 5 kg of feed per day.

The cow must be kept in a stall for 6 months, and for 6 months the cow grazes on the pasture. How much feed does a cow need per year?

We calculate the cost of hay.

20kg x 180 days = 3600kg of hay per year per cow.

2000 rubles costs 1 bale, 1 bale is equal to 500 kg.

So 1 ton (1000 kg) = 2 bales = 4000 rubles

1kg of hay = 4000 rubles: 1000 kg = 4 rubles

So: 4 rubles x 3600 kg = 14,400 rubles

It takes 14,400 rubles to buy hay (3,600 kg) per cow.

2. We calculate how much is spent on feed.

5 kg of compound feed x 365 days = 1825 kg per year.

Approximately 1825 kg of compound feed is needed per cow per year.

The price of 100 kg of compound feed is 900 rubles, which means that 1 kg of compound feed is 9 rubles.

We calculate the cost of 1825 kg of feed: 9 rubles x 1825 kg = 16,425 rubles

It takes 16,425 rubles to buy feed for 1 cow.

3. We summarize the costs of hay and feed per 1 cow:

14,400 + 16,425 = 30,825 rubles

Conclusion: For the maintenance of one cow, we spent 30,825 rubles.

3.0 The cost of buying dairy products in the store if there is no cow (Appendix 2, tab. 2)

1. If you buy milk, cottage cheese, sour cream in the store, then you get the following costs:

Milk 1 liter (365 days) x 50 rubles = 18,250 rubles

Sour cream 500g (1 time per week - 52 times) x 150 rubles = 7,800 rubles

Cottage cheese 1 kg (1 time per week - 52 times) x 200 rubles = 10,400 rubles

Add up: 18,250 + 10,400 + 7,800 = 36,450 rubles

Conclusion: the purchase of dairy products in the store takes 36,450 rubles.

36,450 - 30,825 = 5,625 rubles per year - savings

Conclusion: it is profitable to keep a cow.

If we take into account the cost of a cow (50,000 rubles), then the purchase will justify itself in 6 years. Keeping one cow is unprofitable if you do not sell the rest of the milk! The rest of the milk can be sold to the population at 40 rubles per liter. Let's calculate the profit.

3 .1 Income from milking 1 cow. (Appendix 2, tab. 3)A cow on average gives 13 liters of milk per day: 1820+ 465 +976 +1587 = 4848 liters in total

4848: 365 = 13 liters of milk per day on average

The milking period is about 9 months minus 1 month for calf milking. Let's calculate:

270 days x 13 l \u003d 3510 liters per year (on average) - gives a cow

3.2 Let's calculate milk consumption for ourselves (Appendix 2, tab. 4

Milk every day for 1 liter (270 days) - 270 liters

Sour cream 1 time per week (52 times), To get 1 liter of sour cream, you need 10 liters of milk, Total: 10 x 52 \u003d 520 liters

Cottage cheese 1 time per week (52 times) To obtain 1 kg of cottage cheese, 5 liters of milk will be required. Total: 5 x 52 = 260 liters

To solder a calf for 30 days, 6 liters each (6 X 30 \u003d 180 liters)

We summarize: 270+ 520+260 + 180 = 1230 liters of milk we consume ourselves and for soldering the calf. Now let's find the excess milk.

Let's calculate: 3 510 liters - 1230 liters = 2280 liters can be sold

1 liter of milk on the market costs an average of 40 rubles.

2280 liters x 40 rubles = 91,200 rubles benefit per year

Conclusion: it is profitable for a rural family to keep a cow in a private farm.

In our village there is no way to sell all the leftover milk, so my parents sell excess dairy products to the city of Kinel. The benefits of homemade milk and the income that is obtained from the sale of milk to fellow villagers and residents of the city of Kinel clearly outweighs the cost of keeping a cow. So we will keep the cow!

CONCLUSION

But despite all the difficulties, “keeping a cow” is profitable, it really is a breadwinner for a rural family. Having a cow, you can provide a family with meat and milk. For the garden, you get manure, which is necessary for growing vegetables. The product that we consume without preservatives and chemical additives is good for health. To benefit from a subsidiary farm, you need an economic approach, diligence and diligence. Most residents are not afraid of the initial cost, but rather the constant daily attachment to the cow. After all, in order to keep a cow, you need to get up early every day and go to bed later, prepare feed, and establish sales of dairy products. But as my grandfather would say: “In the age of the Internet, washing machines, dishwashers, vacuum cleaner robots, people just got lazy!”

Bibliography:

Lebedko E.Ya. "Cow in a private household." Moscow: Aquarium, 2016.
Journal "Homesteading" Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2015.
Journal "Homesteading" Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2016.
Magazine "Amateur Gardener's Handbook". "Enlightenment", 2015
Internet resources.

Annex 1

Fig 1

Fig.2

Appendix 2

Table 1

table 2

Table 3

Table 4

At the traditional Small Academy of Sciences at the House of Pioneers and Schoolchildren, students of the district presented many research papers. Altynai Kabirova, a student of the 10th grade of the Ariev school, together with the teacher I.R. Gainullina, set a goal - to find out whether it is profitable to keep a cow?
Using the example of a personal subsidiary farm, the schoolgirl made calculations of financial expenses and income from keeping a cow. Here's what happened.
One adult cow needs about 15 kg of hay and 2 kg of feed per day. Considering that a cow needs to be kept in a stall for 6 months, the rest of the time she grazes on a pasture. Consumption for hay and mixed fodder - 17,370 rubles.
On average, a cow gives 10 liters of milk per day. The milking period is about 9 months, minus 1 month for feeding the calf with milk. Total about 2700 per year. We calculate the cost of buying dairy products in the store: milk 1 liter (365 days) x35 rubles = 2775 rubles. sour cream 500 g (1 time per week - 52 times) x 50 rubles = 2600 rubles. Cottage cheese 1 kg (1 time per week - 52 times) x 100 rubles = 5200 rubles. We summarize - 20575 rubles. we spend on the purchase if there is no cow. If there is a cow, then we have 270 liters of milk (270 days for 1 liter). To obtain 1 liter of sour cream, 10 liters of milk are needed, i.e. 520 liters. To obtain 1 kg of cottage cheese - 5 liters of milk, i.e. 260 liters. For soldering a calf daily, 6 liters of milk - 180 liters. Total - 1230 liters of milk for myself and for soldering the calf. 2700 l - 1230 l = 1470 l remains and they can be sold. On average, 1 liter - 15 rubles, 1470 liters x 15 rubles. = 22050 rub. benefit for the year.
The conclusion that Altynai came to at the end of her research is that it is profitable to keep a cow in the countryside.
What does the chief livestock specialist of the Department of Agriculture A. N. Bobin think about this?
– For feeding cattle, you need: roughage (hay), grain concentrates; succulent fodder is also needed, but since all this is grown on its own farm, only planting material is included in the costs.
A cow weighing 500 kg needs to consume hay (15 kg), succulent feed (potatoes, fodder beets up to 15 kg), concentrates (3-5 kg), salt and chalk (40 g) per day. During the year, 1.4 tons of grain fodder - about 10 thousand rubles, hay - 3.2 tons is required for the winter period - about 11 thousand rubles. Total for cow feed - 21 thousand rubles.
Grazing is a necessary condition for keeping cows. Hiring a shepherd - about 1000 rubles. a day, for the summer period, on average, three pastures - 3000 rubles. For veterinary services and artificial insemination - about 1000 rubles. Electricity and other expenses - 2000 rubles. Total: 27.0 thousand rubles Milk yield per cow - 3500 kg per year. If you donate even half of 1750 kg to milk collectors for 16 rubles, this is 33,250 rubles, 1 calf (when sold) - 5,000 thousand rubles. Income - 38250 kg. Result: 38.25 thousand - 27.0 thousand = 11.25 thousand rubles.
The opinions of the villagers themselves are divided. Some believe that the business is unprofitable, and the calculations did not take into account the cost of personal time, which, by the way, a working person often does not have in abundance. Yes, and physically it is not so easy to maintain a personal subsidiary plot. And for someone it is important that homemade milk is the healthiest, there are no impurities or GMOs in it, and this is the biggest benefit in the age of artificial additives and substitutes.
Prepared by K. Usova.

Includes the following main activities:

feeding animals and watering them in stalls;

grazing;

hay making;

milking;

breeding (materials);

periodic veterinary examinations and preventive vaccinations.

Each of these procedures, of course, requires not only certain knowledge, but also financial costs.

Is it profitable to keep a cow: reviews of farmers

According to the majority of homeowners, keeping cattle for milk todaypretty profitable. But only if the owner of the barn approaches the choice of breed with all responsibility and strictly observes the technology of keeping animals.The recent reduction in the number of cattle in Russia, according to many farmers, is not due to the fact that it has become unprofitable to grow such animals, but simply to the banal laziness of our compatriots. Indeed, unlike the same rabbits or chickens, it requires a huge amount of time and effort. Such animals need not only to be fed correctly and on time, but also milked at least twice a day. Also, the cattle farmer should know how to properly take, how to care for calves and much more.

Thus, only people who are not afraid of various kinds of difficulties and, moreover, permanently residing in rural areas, buy cattle for keeping. For such farmers, the question of whetherin the economy, in principle, it is not worth it at all. Having spent maximum effort on caring for cattle, such people really get a good profit. It’s just that in the country a cow, unlike the same chickens or rabbits, is not only unprofitable to keep, but in most cases it’s even completely impossible.

How much does care cost: feed

Before buying a cow, of course, you need to make a calculation of the future costs of its maintenance. It is also worth trying to determine the expected profit. Keeping cows in any case involves the use of:

roughage (grass and hay);

concentrates (grain and bran);

succulent feed (root crops,silage).

The most expensive type of foodare, of course, concentrates. On average, one cow needs about 1 ton of barley per year. The cost of this type of feed is about 8500-9000 rubles. Also, the farmer will need to purchase about 500-600 kg of bran. Their purchase will cost about 3000-4000 rubles. That is, in total, you will have to spend at least 11,500 rubles. in year.

Many farmers in specialized forums are interested inIs it profitable to keep a cow if you buy hay.Similar feed for one animalusually about 50 bales are required per year, the cost of each of which is 80-85 rubles. That is, the costs in this case will be at least 4000 r.In principle, this is not much, and the purchase of hay does not have a special effect on the final profit from keeping cows in most cases. But, of course, if desired, the farmer can save on hay and mow it on his own (if there is one).

Juicy feed, according to the technology of keeping, one cow needs about900-1000 kg per year. Beets, for example, cost about 3000 r. per ton. For the same amount of silage, you need to pay about 4200-4500 rubles.

Thus, in total, per year, you have to spend on feed for one cow:

11,500 + 4,000 + 3,000 = 18,500 rubles.

And this is only the minimum amount.

Additional expenses

Among other things, the maintenance of a cow implies, of course, the cost of grazing. The average price of a shepherd's services is 600 r. per month. The total amount for the warm period of the year, therefore, will be about 2500-3000 rubles.

Additional costs for keeping a cow should also include the cost of electricity (shed lighting) and fuel (delivery of milk to customers). All this will cost an average of about10-15 thousand rubles in year.

Thus, the total cost of keeping a cow will be 18,500 +2500 + 10 000 = 31 000 R. in year.Based primarily on this, and it is necessary to determine whether it is profitable to keep cows for milk. Of course,the farmer will have to pay back over time the cost of the barn, which in this case should be large enough.

Veterinarian services

The answer to the question aboutdepends, among other things,and from the cost of various kinds of preventive measures aimed at preventing diseases. INowners of small household plots containing one-two cows, usually pay leashfor vaccinations. In total, holdingvaccinationsin small farmsit costs about 5-6 thousand rubles a year. That is, to the previously received amount of costs of 31,000 rubles. you need to add another 5 thousand rubles. Thus, the average figure for the cost of maintaining one cow per year will be 36,000 rubles. in year.

Mating costs

Of course, this item of expenditure should also be included in the project of the future farm. After all, if a cow does not have calves, it will not work to get milk from it. The cost of mating a cow with a bull depends primarily on the breed of the latter. So, the services of a champion can cost 10-15 thousand rubles. But most often, the owners of personal plots paybehindmatingyetno more than 2000 r. in year. That is, the total amount of expenses will be 38,000 rubles.

Possible profit

So, we found out approximately how much farmers spend on feed, prevention of cattle diseases, mating, etc. SoIs it profitable to keep a cow inau pair? To answer this question, among other things, one should, of course, also know how much money can actually be earned from the sale of the main product produced on a farm of similar specialization.

High-yielding cows, with proper feeding and keeping technology, are able to give an average3500 -6000 liters of milk per year. In Russia, a liter of such a farm product costs about 53 rubles on average. That is, from one cow for a year you can get about 318,000 rubles. If 38,000 rubles are spent on maintenance, the income will thus be 318,000 - 38 000 = 28 0 000 r. from one cow.

Is it really possible to get 280,000 rubles of profit

Thus, the answer to the question ofis it profitable to keep a cow to sell milk, is clear. With the right choice of breed and compliance with the technology of care from one animal, you can get28 0 000 r.income per year. However, this amount mayytredeemed, unfortunatelyonly if the milk is sold directly to the consumer.Meanwhilefind buyersthe owner of a personal plot often happensnot soAndJust. Of course, you can sell milk in the marketor summer residents, if there are gardening associations near the village. But it is not a fact that in this way it will be possible to implement the entire product.

In the event that it is not possible to find a sufficient number of buyers for milk, it will most likely have to be handed over to the dairy. And profits will decrease, and very much. The fact is that food industry enterprises accept milk at a price of only 12-15 rubles per liter. That is, the income from one cow in this case will be15 x 6000 = 90,000 max.

A large number of animals: is it profitable?

Many villagers keep one or two cows in their personal backyard. In principle, this business can be quite profitable. But many Russians are also wondering if10 or 20. Of course, a cattle breeding farm, like a small household plot, can also become a fairly profitable enterprise. However, the organization of a business of such specialization, of course, will require additional costs. For 5-10 cows, you will need a much larger barn. In addition, the owners may have to hire an assistant. Yes, and milk in this case, most likely, will still have to be handed over to the factory, which will greatly affect profits. The only way to reach the consumer directly in this case is to open your own store. And this, of course, will entail additional costs for renting a room, hiring a seller, etc.

Sale of calves

The answer to the question aboutis it profitable to keep a cowon the farm, depends not only on how much milk an animal can give, and the prices of these products.Of course, a farm owner specializing in growingcattlecan make a profitAndfrom the sale of offspring.In particular, cattle breeders who keep cows of popular breeds with documents have good income from the sale of heifers. Such animals are usually bought very willingly and also at a high price.

Breeds of dairy cows

For what price do farmers sell heifers and what profit can be made from their sale? The best breeds of dairy cows among Russian cattle breeders at the moment are:

red steppe;

aishirskaya;

Holstein;

Kholmogory.

You can find out how much a heifer of a particular breed costs and whether it is profitable to keep a cow from the table below.