Legal agreement in English - legal service contract. Business letter in English with translation Examples of translation of personal documents into English
Our readers have been asking us for a long time to create a manual for learning English for lawyers. This is not an easy task, but nevertheless we have prepared such material for you. It will be useful not only for representatives of this profession: many terms are often used in the news, so it will be easier for you to understand what the announcer is talking about.
To begin with, we would like to turn to lawyers who are not sure that knowledge of English will be useful in their work. Every year, the process of globalization affects careers more and more: if before English was required for literally a few specialties, now almost every second employer requires knowledge of English, even if you do not work directly with foreign clients. And if we are talking about about a prestigious international firm, then only people with a level of at least Intermediate have a chance to get into the desired position. Of course, it is up to you to decide whether it is worth acquiring new knowledge, but we still advise you to read our article and think about it.
Basic dictionary of legal terms in English
In this part of the article, we will short dictionary basic legal terms, without knowledge of which it is difficult for lawyers to do. To make it easier for you to remember and use these words correctly, we recommend using the lingvolive.com dictionary. Enter any term in the search bar and under the translation you will see live examples from legal texts using this word. Write out any sentence and learn the word in context.
Now let's find out how they sound on English language different kinds and areas of law (law). By the way, the word law means not only the right, but also the law in a broad sense, as well as a legislative act.
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| Bankruptcy law | bankruptcy law |
| civil law | Civil law |
| company law | Legislation on business companies |
| competition law | Antitrust, competition protection |
| contract law | Contract law |
| criminal law | Criminal law |
| Employment law | Labor law |
| environmental law | Environmental regulations |
| family law | Family law |
| health law | health law |
| immigration law | immigration law |
| intellectual property law | Intellectual Property Law |
| international law | International law |
| military law | military law |
| private law | Private right |
| Procedural law | procedural law |
| public law | Public (public) law |
| real estate law | Real estate law |
| substantive law | Substantive law |
| tax law | Tax law |
As you can see, there are a lot of types of law, and each of them has its own terms. We would like to give you the most commonly used definitions from different sections of law, based on the textbook Absolute Legal English. Let's try to learn the basic terminology.
Intellectual property law - Intellectual property law
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| A commercial name | Trade, company name |
| A license | License |
| A patent | Patent |
| A reproduction | playback; copy |
| A trademark | Trademark |
| Author's rights | Copyright |
| Copyright | Publishing law, right of reprint/staging |
| Disclosure | Disclosure, disclosure |
| industrial property | Industrial property (a kind of intellectual property) |
| Infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt/ | Violation (of rights, law, norms), infringement (of copyright) |
Competition law - Antimonopoly law, protection of competition
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| A criminal sanction | Criminal punishment, sanction |
| a trust | Trust (association of similar enterprises) |
| anticompetitive practices | Practice of unfair competition, monopolistic practice |
| antitrust law | Antitrust Law |
| business entities | Business entities |
| Monopoly | Monopoly |
| Predatory pricing | Dumping (artificial price reduction) |
| price gouging | Speculation, artificial inflation of prices |
| Conspiracy | Collusion |
| To dominate | Dominate, dominate (in the market) |
| To restrict | restrict, block |
| Unenforceable | Void |
Employment law - Labor law
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| A pension | Pension |
| Benefits | Compensation payments, benefits, allowances (what is paid in addition to the basic salary) |
| Discrimination | Discrimination |
| Dismissal | Dismissal |
| Recruitment | Recruitment |
| redundancy | Dismissal (usually downsizing) |
| Severance | severance pay |
| Termination | Termination of the contract/agreement |
| trade union | union |
| work force | Personnel, employees of the enterprise, labor force |
Contract law - Contract law
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| A warranty | Product warranty providing replacement/repair |
| Ambiguity /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/ of expressions | Ambiguity of terms/formulations |
| An anticipatory breach | Violation of a treaty prior to its entry into force |
| Duties | Responsibilities |
| Liability | Financial, debt obligations |
| reputation | Cancellation, termination, unilateral refusal |
| Terms | Conditions of a contract) |
| To discharge | cancel, cancel |
| To draft a contract | Conclude an agreement |
| Enforceable | Legally binding, enforceable |
| non-binding | Non-binding |
Real property law - Real estate law
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| A landlord | Landlord, real estate owner |
| A tenant | Tenant |
| An heir /eə(r)/ | Heir |
| Easement | Servitude (limited right to use land) |
| estate | property, possession |
| Fee simple | The right to inherit without restrictions |
| Fee tail | Limited inheritance right |
| Freehold | Freehold ownership of real estate |
| Leasehold | Rented property |
| life estate | Property in lifetime possession |
| Rent | Rent |
| Reversion | Reverse transfer of rights to the original owner; the right to redeem mortgaged or alienated real estate for debts |
Company law - Law governing activities joint-stock companies(Corporate law)
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| Bankruptcy | Bankruptcy, insolvency |
| Consent | consent, permission |
| Enlargement | Consolidation (enterprises) |
| recession | crisis, recession |
| Remuneration | fee, payment, remuneration |
| Repayment | Return, repayment of debt |
| Sustainability | The ability to stay at the same level for a long time |
| To contribute | Contribute |
| To maintain | Support |
| To remedy | fix, eliminate |
Well, are you ready to continue? All of the terminology listed above refers to individual areas of law, but there is vocabulary that almost every lawyer needs to know. These words characterize judicial activities, pre-trial proceedings, as well as the results of trials and types of punishments. Interested? Then let's get acquainted with these terms.
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| A breach /briːtʃ/ /violation /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ of (the) law | Law violation |
| A case | A court case |
| A complaint | Complaint, lawsuit |
| a contract | agreement, deal |
| A defense | Response to the statement of claim, defense in court, argumentation of the accused |
| A defender | accused, defendant |
| A fine | Fine |
| A hearing | Court session, hearing |
| a judge | Judge |
| A jury | jury |
| A law suit | Litigation, legal dispute, civil suit |
| A legal action | Litigation, litigation, litigation |
| A litigant /ˈlɪtɪɡənt/ | Either party to a lawsuit (plaintiff or defendant) |
| A plaintiff | plaintiff, claimant |
| A prosecution attorney / prosecutor | prosecutor, prosecutor |
| A tribunal | Special Court: Court of Questions labor relations, tribunal, etc. |
| A verdict /ˈvɜː(r)dɪkt/ | Verdict, jury decision |
| An accusation (of) | accusation (of something) |
| An allegation (of) | Statement (about something) in court (usually unfounded), statement without evidence of guilt |
| An injunction | Injunction prohibiting injunction |
| An offense | Offense |
| A settlement | settlement agreement |
| Court | Court (as an abstract concept and place of the meeting) |
| The court | Common name for jurors and judges |
| Damage | Material compensation, compensation for damages |
| Judgment | The court's decision |
| law enforcement agency | judiciary, law enforcement agency |
| legal abuse | Breaking the law, abusing the law |
| legal proceeding | Litigation, procedural actions |
| Legislation | Legislation, law |
| trial | hearing, litigation, litigation |
| To accuse | Blame |
| To appeal | Appeal, protest (judgment) |
| to fine | to fine |
| Binding (document, decision) | Binding (document, decision) |
| civil | Civil law, civil (non-criminal, non-military) |
| Judicial /dʒuːˈdɪʃ(ə)l/ | Judicial, legal |
| Legal | legal, lawful |
Well, knowing the words alone is not enough: you need to be able to combine them correctly. Below you will see some expressions that will be useful to remember in their entirety, without parsing into individual words.
| phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| A charge against | accusation against someone |
| A heavy/substantial/large fine | Large fine |
| A minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ offence | petty offense |
| To accuse falsely | accuse falsely, slander |
| To accuse someone of something / To accuse someone of doing something | Blame someone for something / Blame someone for doing something |
| to appear in court | Appear in court |
| To assert your rights | To stand for your rights |
| To be charged with an offense / a crime | Being charged with an offense/crime |
| To be guilty of... | Be guilty of... |
| Come to trial | Get to court (about the case) |
| To deny/refute /rɪˈfjuːt/ allegations | Deny / refute the statement, unfounded accusation |
| To face/get a fine | Get fined You'll face/get a fine. - You will be fined. |
| To file a lawsuit | sue, file a case |
| To make allegations against / about someone | To make a statement against/about someone |
| To make/bring an accusation against someone | to bring charges against someone, to accuse someone |
| To pay a fine | To pay a fine |
| To preside over a court/case | Lead a court session |
| To stand trial | to answer to the court, to stand before the court |
Please note that we have included only the main terms for each topic as an example. If you want to get more complete knowledge, you need to take one of the special textbooks, which we will talk about at the end of the article, and study from it. And in order to quickly master it and easily understand difficult moments, we recommend that you turn to. They will help you greatly improve your knowledge.
Criminal law - dictionary of criminal law in English
This area of law is rich in specific terms, so we decided to pay more attention to it than to others. And we will start by studying the names of crimes in English. A complete dictionary with the names of criminals who commit illegal acts can be found in the article " Types of crimes in English". Here we present some basic terms.
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| (A) burglary /ˈbɜː(r)ɡləri/ | Break-in |
| (A) car/auto theft /θeft/ | car theft |
| (A) murder | Intentional killing |
| (A)rape | Rape |
| (A) robbery | Robbery, theft |
| An outrage | Gross violation, crime, outrage |
| Blackmail | Blackmail |
| drug trafficking | drug smuggling |
| Fraud | Fraud |
| Hijacking | Aircraft hijacking |
| Illegal acts/actions | Illegal actions |
| Kidnapping | Kidnapping |
| Malfeasance /ˌmælˈfiːz(ə)ns/ | Abuse of position/power |
| Manslaughter | Manslaughter |
| Mugging | street robbery |
| Shoplifting | shoplifting |
| Skimming | A crime in which fraudsters read your data bank card while using an ATM |
| smuggling | Smuggling |
Please note that next to some types of crimes, we have written in brackets the indefinite article a/an. The fact is that these words, depending on the context, can be both countable (used with the article) and uncountable (used without the indefinite article).
Are you going to become a lawyer and defend clients in court? Or maybe you want to become a prosecutor and fight crime? You must be able to correctly express your thoughts in English, using legal terms. In the table, we have collected for you the main words and phrases that you definitely need to know, and for additional knowledge, refer to the textbook.
| Word/Phrase | Translation |
|---|---|
| a crime | Crime |
| A victim | victim, victim |
| a witness | Witness |
| Disputes | Disagreements, disputes |
| Evidence | Evidence, testimony (uncountable noun, used without article) |
| Investigation of a crime | Investigation, investigation (of some crime) |
| Prosecution | Accusation, criminal prosecution |
| Testimony | Witness's testimonies |
| To acquit | justify |
| To arrest | Arrest, take into custody |
| To be in custody | Be in custody (until trial) |
| To commit | To commit a crime) |
| To convict | Plead guilty, pronounce guilty verdict |
| To incriminate | to incriminate (a crime), to charge |
| To plead guilty / To admit guilt | plead guilty |
| To plead innocent | Proclaim innocence |
| To prosecute | Blame, prosecute |
| Criminal | criminal, criminal |
| Innocent | Innocent |
| A criminal offense | Criminal offense |
| Accused courtroom rights | Rights of the accused at trial |
| Circumstantial evidence | Circumstantial evidence |
| Conclusive/Incriminating/Hard evidence | Hard facts, hard evidence |
| Juvenile /ˈdʒuːvənaɪl/ crime | Juvenile delinquency |
| crime scene | Crime scene |
| To arrest someone for something | Arrest someone for something |
| To arrest someone on charges/suspicion of something | Arrest someone on a charge/suspicion of something |
| To be under arrest | be under arrest |
| To be under investigation | be under investigation |
| To bring to responsibility / To bring to account | Bring to criminal responsibility |
| To collect/gather evidence | Gather evidence Gather evidence |
| To commit a crime / an offense (against) | Commit a crime (against) |
| To commit a fraud | cheat |
| To convict someone of an offense / a crime | Bring to criminal responsibility for the offense |
| To drop the charges | Drop charges |
| To escape prosecution | Avoid criminal prosecution |
| To fight/combat crime | Fight crime |
| To find someone guilty / not guilty of something | Find someone guilty/not guilty of something |
| To give evidence | Testify, testify |
| To press/prefer/bring charges | Press charges |
| To produce evidence | present evidence |
| To release someone without charge | Release without charge |
| To solve a crime | Solve the crime |
What English Language Learning Resources Should Lawyers Use?
Of course, the vocabulary and knowledge of a lawyer is not limited to the vocabulary we have proposed. That's why we've put together resources for you to use to improve your knowledge. We recommend taking one of the textbooks below as a basis, in which case you will receive a “code of laws” of the English language - a clear program of actions to improve your skills. And the sites will help you keep abreast of the latest developments in the legal world.
Which textbooks in English for lawyers we recommend to use:
- “Absolute Legal English Book (English for International Law)” by Helen Callanan and Lynda Edwards - used to prepare for the Cambridge ILEC Preparation Lawyer Exam.
- “Introduction to International Legal English (A course for classroom or self-study use)” by Amy Krois-Lindner and Matt Firth (Cambridge).
- “The Lawyer's English Language Coursebook” by Catherine Mason, Rosemary Atkins.
- “Career Path: LAW” by Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley, David J. Smith.
- “English for Legal Professionals” by Andrew Frost.
- “Legal English: How to understand and master the language of law” by William R. McKay and Helen E. Charlton.
If you feel that the vocabulary of the main textbook is not enough, or you want to practice your knowledge with exercises, refer to the following guides:
- “Check Your English Vocabulary for Law” by Rawdon Wyatt.
- Oxford: Dictionary of Law by Elizabeth A Martin
- “Test Your Professional English: Law” by Nick Brieger
In addition to books, online resources will also come to your aid. To begin with, we want to introduce you to a very useful site from the University of Cambridge cdextras.cambridge.org. Here you will find an interactive simulator for learning unfamiliar words. All terms are divided into topics - choose the one you need and learn new words, do exercises and play special games for better memorization.
- uscourts.gov is an online dictionary with simple explanations of terms.
- plainenglish.co.uk - a dictionary with basic terms and set phrases in PDF format.
- attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca - another one modern vocabulary legal terms.
Prefer to read periodicals in English? Read not the entertainment press, but the professional one. Online newspapers and legal journals will greatly help you in learning this complex area of the language and provide you with all up-to-date information in this area.
10 educational platforms: where to get knowledge in English.
We have tried to make it as useful as possible for you. complete guide for the study of English for lawyers. If we have not mentioned some resource known to you, write about it in the comments, we will gladly supplement our article.
And if you want to learn English for lawyers quickly and professionally, we invite you to, within which you will learn only the vocabulary and grammar you need.
We have compiled a document for you, which contains all the words and expressions on this topic. You can download it from the link below.
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It's very hard to imagine modern business without reference business correspondence. This is especially important when working with international companies. But often write business letter in english is quite difficult.
I don't like to leave anything unfinished. I have an absolute need to see that every phone call is returned, every letter answered.
I don't like to leave anything unfinished. I absolutely need to see that everyone is responding phone call and not a single letter went unanswered.
~ Alan W. Livingston
As you know, they have their own characteristics. In business correspondence in English, one must not only show knowledge of the language, but also settle work issues, adhering to a certain structure and being guided by the norms of business etiquette.
In this article, you will find out what business letters exist in English, get acquainted with phrases and clichés. Also find examples and ready-made business letters in English with translation.
Business letters in English with translation
In business correspondence, there are various business letter templates in English, depending on the subject and purpose of the letter.
There are many types of business letters, in our article we have selected the most common ones.
(Letter of Congratulation)
Often sent to employees or partners to emphasize their personal contribution to the development of the industry or to congratulate them on personal achievements and memorable dates.
| An example of a congratulation letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Mr John Lewis general manager Hoverny Ltd 4567 Snake street Oakland, California Howard Stanley October 01, 2015 Dear Mr Stanley, |
From: Mr. John Lewis, CEO Hoverny Ltd 4567 Snake Street, Oakland, California To: Howard Stanley Dear Mr Stanley, |
Letter of Invitation
Most often business Letter of Invitation sent to invite to events related to the activities of the company.
| An example of an invitation letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Dear Charles Milton, I would like to invite you to a seminar that I "m confident will interest you. The 3D Technologies Seminar held at the Moscow Crocus Congress Center on June 13 will feature lectures by several key programmers and designers in the field of 3D modeling, with topics including trilinear filtering, anti-aliasing and mipmapping. I am enclosing 3 tickets for you. I hope that you decide to attend and I am looking forward to seeing you there. Igor Petrov , |
Dear Charles Milton, I would like to invite you to a seminar which I am sure will interest you. A workshop on 3D technology to be held at the Moscow Crocus Congress Center on June 13 will feature lectures by several key programmers and designers on 3D modeling, including trilinear filtering, anti-aliasing and mipmapping. I enclose 3 tickets for you. I hope that you will take part in the workshop and I look forward to meeting you. Sincerely, Igor Petrov, |
Letter of Acceptance
Letter of Acceptance very desirable in your mailbox, because it notifies you of a job offer.
| Example of a job application letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Mrs Jane Tumin HR manager Sommertim 7834 Irving Street Denver, Colorado Mrs Lean February 15, 2016 Dear Mrs Lean jane tumin, |
From: Ms. Jane Tyumin, personnel manager Sommertim 7834 Irving Street, Denver, Colorado To: Ms. Lin Dear Ms. Lin Sincerely, Jane Tyumin, |
Application letter
Contains your and offer yourself as an employee. Do not confuse it with the one we talked about earlier!
| Example of an application letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Kira Stan 7834 East street Chicago, Illinois Trend&Fashion Dear Sirs Kira Stan |
From: Ms. Kira Stan 7834 East Street, Chicago, Illinois To: Trend & Fashion Dear Sirs Sincerely, Kira Stan |
Letter of offer (Commercial Offer)
Such a letter is sent to your potential business partner with your terms and conditions and cooperation proposals.
| An example of an offer letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Mr Dean Hipp general director Roses For You 4567 Camino Street San Diego, CA Mrs Olga Linnet March 10, 2016 Dear Mrs Linnet yours sincerely, Mr Dean Hipp |
From: Mr. Dean Hipp, CEO Roses for you 4567 Camino Street, San Diego, California To: Ms. Lynette, Dear Ms. Linnet Sincerely, Dean Hipp, |
Letter of Complaint
Letter of Complaint contains a complaint or claims about the quality of the purchased goods or services rendered.
| Sample letter of complaint in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Mr Jack Lupine 7834 17th Street Detroit, Michigan Electronics Ltd April 25, 2017 Dear Sirs, yours faithfully, Jack Lupine |
From: Mr. Jack Lupin 7834 17th Street, Detroit, Michigan To: Electronics Ltd Dear Sirs, I am writing to inform you that yesterday I received my new TV, which was delivered by your delivery service. The packaging was without visible damage, so I signed all the documents and paid the remaining amount. But when I opened the package, I found a few scratches on the front panel. I would like to replace the TV with another one or get my money back. Please let me know your decision within 2 days. Sincerely, Jack Lupine |
Letter of Apology
Letter of apology Letter of Apology) is usually sent in response to a letter of complaint to apologize to the buyer or clear up a misunderstanding.
| An example of an apology letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Mr Dereck Smith general manager Electronics Ltd 9034 Commerce Street Detroit, Michigan USA, 90345 Mr Jack Lupine April 28, 2017 Dear Mr Lupine, yours sincerely, Mr Derek Smith |
From: Mr. Derek Smith, general manager, Electronics Ltd 9034 Commerce Street, Detroit, Michigan US 90345 To: Mr. Jack Lupine Dear Mr. Lupin, We were very sorry to learn that the TV set, which we delivered to you on April 24, turned out to be scratched. We have no idea how this could happen, and therefore we offer our deepest apologies for this unpleasant incident and are ready to exchange your scratched TV for another. Sincerely, Derek Smith |
Letter of regret and condolence (Letter of Sympathy)
It is very important for every person to feel support in difficult times, whether it is your close friend, colleague or business partner.
A business condolence letter in English usually consists of the following parts:
- Expression of condolences in connection with the death of a person.
- Your memories of him, enumeration of his positive qualities.
- Reiterating your condolences. Please contact you for assistance should the need arise.
It is advisable to supplement such a letter with your own memories of a person or, if you did not know him personally, then with the good that you knew or heard about him.
| An example of a condolence letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Dear Mr Smith, Today morning we heard the sad news of your wife’s death… All the employees of our department have sent their support and condolences. Please don't worry about the upcoming projects and meetings which are coming up next month. If there is any report that is required I will get it from other team members. If there is anything that we can help you with please feel free to call us at 12345678. sincerely, |
Dear Mr Smith This morning we heard the sad news of your wife's death... All members of our department express their support and condolences. Please don't worry about upcoming projects and meetings coming up next month. If there is any report that is required, I will get it from other team members. If there is anything we can help you with, please call us on 12345678. Sincerely, |
Request letter/Enquiry Letter
A letter of request or a letter of inquiry is sent when it is necessary to obtain information about a service or product, find out the price or terms of delivery.
| Translation into Russian | |
|---|---|
| Mr Ken Smith 9034 Commerce Street Detroit, Michigan USA, 90345 Park Inn Hotel Dear Sir or Madame I am looking forward to your reply, |
From: Mr. Ken Smith 9034 Commerce Street, Detroit, Michigan US 90345 To: Hotel ParkInn Dear Mr (Ms) I would like to book a single room at your hotel from 1st to 10th August. Could you please tell me the cost for one night including breakfast and dinner if possible? Do you have airport pick up and car rental service? Looking forward to your reply, |
Letter-response to a request for information (Reply to Information Inquiry / Reply Quotation)
This letter contains the requested information. Basic rule for Reply to Information Inquiry clearly answer the questions in the letter of inquiry.
| Example of a request letter in English | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| Ms Jennifer Watson sales manager Park Inn Hotel 7834 17th Street Tampa, Florida Mr Ken Smith Dear Mr Smith yours sincerely, Jennifer Watson |
From: Ms. Jennifer Watson, Sales Manager, Hotel ParkInn 7834 17th Street, Tampa, Florida To: Mr. Ken Smith Dear Mr Smith Sincerely, Jennifer Watson |
How to write a business letter in English
Today, business emails in English have almost completely replaced the traditional mode of correspondence.
Modern business correspondence takes place predominantly online, especially if your colleagues or partners work in other time zones. Communication through business emails is an integral part of the global business process.
Therefore, it is very important to know not only general rules writing business letters, but also cultural and stylistic features emails in English.
Planning a business letter in English.
Before you start writing a business letter in English, you need to answer the following questions for yourself:
- To whom am I writing this letter?
- Why am I writing this letter?
- Should specific details be included in the letter?
- Do I need a response to a letter?
Be especially careful with the information that you send by e-mail. No need to send confidential data by e-mail, because mail is often hacked.
The structure of a business email in English
The structure of a business letter in English.
Main advantages Email(e-mail) vs. by regular mail, or snail-mail, "snail" mail, as it is jokingly called in English, is its speed and direct, without intermediaries, communication with the addressee.
We send email in order to get a quick response or expect some quick action from the addressee.
Important!
The e-mail should be short and contain information about the main content of the message that is understandable to the addressee.
Whether the email is formal or informal, it should have a clear, logical structure, as outlined below.
The address of the sender of the letter and the address of the recipient of the letter (Heading)
Enter your email address in the top line of the email form ( e-mail address).
Make sure it is correct, because if only one underscore or period is missing, the letter will not reach the addressee.
Email subject (Subject)
Theater starts with a hanger, and email starts with a subject line, which is placed in a special line at the top.
Try to keep within 5-7 words and at the same time be sure to include the most important detail in the subject line, for example: Marketing Meeting Agenda(Russian marketing meeting plan)
If it is important to you that the letter be answered quickly or paid special attention to it, use the word URGENT(Russian Urgent!) or a phrase PLEASE READ at the beginning of the subject line of your email.
You can also use the icon to emphasize the importance of the letter. High Importance (Russian very important), which will add a red exclamation mark to the subject line of your email.
Greeting and address (Salutation)
IN business letter in English it is very important to write the recipient's name and gender correctly. Use for women the address madam ( Ms) and mister ( Mr) for men.
In a less formal setting, or after a long period of correspondence, it is acceptable to refer to the recipient by their first name.
A comma (a colon in North America). You can not put punctuation marks at all, it has become fashionable in letters in English.
Main content (Body)
In the introduction of a business letter in English, they usually use a friendly greeting, gratitude for the attention shown, or, sometimes, the main idea of the message begins to be formulated.
For example:
Thank you for your prompt response(eng. Thanks for the quick reply)
Following last week's presentation, I have decided to write to you…(eng. After the presentation last week, I decided to write to you...)
I am writing to you regarding…(rus. I am writing to you about ...)
After a short introduction, the first paragraph formulates the main idea of your letter in one or two sentences. Use a few short paragraphs to describe the main points of your message in more detail.
If one paragraph is enough for this, then do not write additional ones just to make the letter seem longer.
Final part (Closing)
In the final paragraph of a business letter in English, you need to make a reminder, indicate the urgency of the request, or thank you for your attention, you should indicate what actions you expect from the interlocutor.
For example:
Looking forward to your reply(Russian We are waiting for your answer)
Don't hesitate to contact me back if you have any questions(eng. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions.)
End of Letter (Signature)
At the end of a business letter in English, a final phrase is placed before the name, usually this word Sincerely(Russian sincerely).
For letters to the UK that begin with phrases Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, the final phrase - Yours faithfully(Russian with respect).
For the United States, a polite and neutral phrase is suitable - Very truly yours(Russian. Sincerely yours). If you are writing to an old acquaintance, the most appropriate closing phrase would be - Cordially yours(Russian cordially yours).
If you used punctuation marks(comma or colon) in an English business greeting, you must also put a comma after the final phrase, before your name.
If you did not use punctuation marks in your English greeting, then do not use them after the final phrase, for example: Sincerely yours… or Many thanks…
Business letter in English phrases, cliche
Writing a formal letter in English is easy if you know the clichés and phrases for a business letter and know how to use them.
We have selected the most popular phrases used in business correspondence. A more detailed list of phrases for business letters can be found in our article “Phrases for business correspondence in English”. You can also use ready-made cliches from our business letter examples.
Phrases and clichés for business correspondence in English with translation
Abbreviations in business correspondence
But use such abbreviations carefully, as not all people are familiar with them and you may be misunderstood.
Email address in English
First part of the email address(we are now talking about business addresses, not personal) consists of the last name and initials of the person you are addressing, or the name of the department / division, or possibly its abbreviation.
Second part, which immediately follows the @ sign (pronounced at) is the name of an ISP (Internet Service Provider), organization, or an abbreviation of that name.
Usually the last part of the address includes a domain name depending on the type of organization (for example, .co for company, .ac– academic – for university) or the name of the country from which the message was sent (for example, .no for Norway, .uk for the UK, etc.).
Here are a few other examples of domain names:
- .biz - business;
- .gov is a government organization;
- .org- non-profit organization(for example, a charitable organization);
- .pro - profession (for example, medicine, law)
Ready-made business letter in English with translation
business letter in english sample
Using examples of ready-made business letters with translation, you can compose your own excellent letter in English. Below is an example of an email requesting information.
| English letter template | Translation into Russian |
|---|---|
| To: [email protected] CC: BCC: Date: 10/30/2012 Subject: Receiving the price list Dear Mr. roger gill, Your advertisement in the May issue of Aquarium Plants magazine is of great interest to us. We would like to know more about your company's products offers and would appreciate receiving your wholesale price list. It is our desire to offer our customers the widest selection of aquarium plants , and we are therefore interested in new plants. We will look forward to your prompt response. thank you. Alexander Popov, |
To whom: [email protected] Copy: Hidden: Date: 30.10.2017 Subject: Get price list Dear Mr Roger Gill, We would like to know more about your company's products and would like to receive your wholesale price list. We strive to offer our customers the widest selection of aquarium plants and therefore we are interested in new plants. We look forward to a prompt response. Thank you. Alexander Popov, |
Tips for writing a business letter in English
Performance simple rules writing business letters in English will improve the quality of communication within the company and with clients and agents.
IN modern world business correspondence has taken on a slightly different color, because you no longer need to wait for an answer for a long time and with the help of e-mail you can quickly resolve the necessary issues. But also in email in English has its own rules and taboos.
Good manners in business communication in English
In order to avoid mistakes and misunderstandings in communication, stick to very simple and effective rules correspondence.
One letter to one addressee.
Fill in the "Subject" field adequately to its content.
The wording of the topic should accurately reflect the subject of the correspondence. Specifying the subject saves the addressee's time, allowing him to immediately evaluate the content of the received letter and quickly decide on its priority when reading.
addressing accuracy.
Correct filling of the fields "To" (TO), "Copy" (CC), "Bcc" (BCC) - essential tool efficiency and ethical communication.
To avoid mistakes in working with these fields, you need to know their purpose, which is generally accepted in the modern business environment:
- if your name is in the direct address ("TO") field, this means that the sender of the letter is waiting for an answer to his question from you;
- if several recipients are placed in this field, then this means that the sender of the letter is waiting for a response from each or from any of the recipients;
- if your name is placed in the "CC" (carbon copy) field, this means that the sender wants you to be aware of the issue, while he does not expect an answer from you. You should not enter into the subject of correspondence if your name is in the "SS" field. If you nevertheless decide to enter into correspondence, then it will be a sign of good form to begin the letter with an apology for the interference;
- in the "BCC" (blind carbon copy) field, addressees (hidden addressees) are placed, who should be aware of the correspondence, but their awareness should not be obvious to direct addressees;
- sending a letter with the filled field "BCC" implies a preliminary agreement or subsequent awareness of the author of the letter and hidden addressees about the reason and goals of such a form of awareness;
- the hidden recipient should not enter into the subject of correspondence from the "BCC" field.
Use a greeting and a personal appeal to the addressee in the letter.
The only exception is a very fast variant of correspondence (question-answer), which resembles communication in the ISQ format.
A personal appeal gives the letter an individual focus, increases the “inclusion” of your addressee in the subject of correspondence.
The addressee who received the letter - MUST ANSWER.
The correspondence cycle consists of a letter and a reply. If the correspondence grows to five to ten or more messages, this is already a chat or forum.
The text of your answer should be placed at the top (at the beginning) of the letter, and not at the bottom. This saves the recipient from having to "scroll" the previous text of the correspondence in search of the answer you wrote.
Save your time and the time of your respondent - write letters that require a minimum of explanations and clarifications.
Save your chat history.
You should not start a reply to the addressee's letter as a new letter (without saving the history of correspondence). Such a response will force the receiving addressee to spend time searching for the original message.
Leave a signature and contact information after each letter. This will provide the recipient with the possibility of additional operational communication if necessary.
Always check the spelling of the letter!
A terrible impression is left by letters from specialists, with errors.
These are the little things by which our customers judge us and by which the opinion of employees within the company is formed.
The volume of attachments sent should not exceed 3 MB.
Larger files can create problems because may not pass through the recipient's mail server.
Use universal encodings: Zip or rar for uploaded files. Other extensions may be blocked or cut off in transit and cause problems for the recipient.
7 main taboos of business correspondence in English
Business correspondence is a capricious and demanding lady. You can communicate with your partners via e-mail or send official letters with the company logo to beautiful envelopes on corporate-colored paper, but just a few nuances can ruin all your efforts to establish communication with the people you need.
Taboo #1 Writing at length and about nothing.
Brevity in the business world is not only the sister of talent, but also the best friend of effective collaboration. The most comfortable when reading is the volume of the letter, which fits "in one screen", maximum - in the volume of the text of one sheet of A-4 format.
If the recipient is not interested in your letter from the first lines, he is unlikely to bother compiling a response or considering your business proposal.
If you are business partners, then lengthy messages can be perceived as disrespectful to the recipient - after all, you are indifferent to one of the most valuable resources in the business world - time. So is it worth doing business with you?
Don't write long, confusing letters. Long letters do not give the correspondent a chance to understand the essence of the issue. Therefore, editing the finished letter is an obligatory stage of work, which will help to avoid misunderstandings and confusion. Reread the text and make sure that it does not contain double-digit phrases or sentences.
Taboo #2 Starting Negative
Do not start a letter with the words: Unfortunately, I am afraid that, I am sorry to inform you that, We regret to inform you that and the like.
As much as you would like to tell you about the problem first, you should not do this immediately after the greeting, otherwise your Dear Mr. Smith" may acquire a sudden allergy to opening letters from your company, despite all the restraint of a real English gentleman.
Taboo #3 Use abbreviations
Cute phrases that save time and add warmth to your message are best used in friendly informal correspondence.
Here are examples of such phrases:
CU(Russian. See you)
thx/TX(Russian thanks)
RUOK?(Russian. Are you okay?)
FYI(Russian for information)
Forget about them when writing a business letter. Exceptions may be abbreviations for a business email. But first you need to make sure that the recipient is well versed among the whole variety of abbreviations.
The presence of emoticons in a business letter is not discussed. Just think if you would be serious about a business partner who embellished his message with art like this: :-O:-(:-<:-/ ?
Taboo #4 Forget about investments
Forgetting to warn the recipient about the attached files (in electronic correspondence) is unacceptable! In the paper version of a business letter, as a rule, it is also customary to accompany voluminous documents with brief information about their content.
If you send a letter by e-mail and do not focus on the fact that documents are attached to the letter, the guarantee that the recipient will open them is almost zero.
Useful phrases:
We enclose / are enclosing(Russian We attach / invest ...)
We are sending you ... under separate cover(eng. We send you... in a separate document)
Please enclose ... with your reply(eng. Please attach/send... with answer)
Enclosed you will find a copy of the contract…(eng. Attached you will find a copy of the contract...)
Taboo No. 5 To joke and be ironic.
Do not allow yourself irony in letters. This borders on rudeness. In business correspondence, such liberties as witticisms are absolutely not allowed.
Taboo #6 Experiment with format
It is undesirable to play with formatting and use a colored or non-standard font.
This will not add originality to your letter, moreover, it will indicate your frivolity.
Taboo #7 Familiarity
Use goodbye “Best wishes / Best regards”(Russian. All the best) in a letter to strangers or unfamiliar people is not allowed!
Even if you send a letter to someone every Wednesday Mr. Freeman, it does not do the above Mr. Freeman your close friend.
It is better to end the letter with a neutral Yours faithfully(if you don't know the name of the recipient) or Yours sincerely(if you know the recipient's name).
Finally:
Good writing style is just as disciplined as brushing your teeth daily. Therefore, adhere to business style, follow all the rules of business correspondence and it will always be a pleasure to deal with you.
And if you still feel insecure about business communication, we recommend you to go to our school.
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Below are examples of templates of translated Russian documents into English: contracts, resumes, certificates, certificates, passports. Please note that examples of translations are provided for guidance only. .
Sample translation of a passport into English
An example of the translation of the page of the main spread of a Russian passport into English.
Here you can download a sample translation of the passport into English. However, please note that this document is for guidance only. It can only be used as a guide. It is better to clarify the correctness of the sample in the instance where you prepare the package of documents.
Below you can download a sample translation of a birth certificate into English. However, please note that this document is for guidance only. It can only be used as a guide. It is better to clarify the correctness of the sample in the instance where you prepare the package of documents.
Below you can download a sample translation of a marriage certificate into English. 2 examples are presented: a new one and an old one. However, please note that this document is for guidance only. It can only be used as a guide. It is better to clarify the correctness of the sample in the instance where you prepare the package of documents.
Sample Translation of Divorce Certificate into English
Below you can download a sample translation into English of a divorce certificate.
Below you can download a sample translation of a death certificate into English. However, please note that this document is for guidance only. It can only be used as a guide. It is better to clarify the correctness of the sample in the instance where you prepare the package of documents.
Below you can download a sample translation of the absence / presence of a criminal record into English. However, please note that this document is for guidance only. It can only be used as a guide. It is better to clarify the correctness of the sample in the instance where you prepare the package of documents.
Here we have given an example of the translation into English of a certificate of income of individuals.
Below you can download a sample translation of the 2-NDFL certificate into English. However, please note that this document is for guidance only. It can only be used as a guide. It is better to clarify the correctness of the sample in the instance where you prepare the package of documents.
Samples of translation of corporate documents
Sample translation of a distribution agreement into English
Disadvantages of Using Templates
- Transliteration of names and titles. The templates contain only the main provisions, and the names, names of cities, streets and institutions, etc. you have to translate yourself. There are some nuances here: some of the words are translated, and some are transliterated. Transliteration has its own standards. Understanding this on your own is more difficult and longer than turning to an interpreter. Professional translators already have experience translating documents.
- Difficulties with assurance. If the translation needs to be certified, then for this it must be performed by a professional translator - a person who has a translator's diploma. Without presenting such a diploma to a notary, it will not be possible to certify the translation. Moreover, even translators have difficulties with certification of their translations by a notary. Translation agencies only certify translations by their own translators. Therefore, if you need a translation, it is easier to immediately go to the bureau.
- If this is a translation of a contract or a resume, you will still need some knowledge of English or the help of a translator - it is difficult to find a ready-made template that 100% describes the terms of the contract you need or your work history.
If you need a guaranteed high quality translation of a document, if you do not want to make your own efforts, and even more so if the cost of an error is too high, contact professionals. Bureau "Prima Vista" has been translating personal documents, documents of legal entities and any other documentation into English and many other languages for more than 16 years.
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