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Presentation on the topic: North America

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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION North America is a mainland in the Western Hemisphere. Connected to the south with South America. North America includes Central America and the West Indies. 20.36 million km2 (together with the islands 24.25 million km2). From the west, the mainland is washed by the Pacific Ocean with the Bering Sea, Alaska and California bays, from the east - by the Atlantic Ocean with the Labrador, Caribbean, St. Lawrence and Mexican seas, from the north - by the Arctic Ocean with the Beaufort, Baffin, Greenland and Hudson bays. Large islands: Greenland, Aleutian, Alexander archipelago.

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STATES OF NORTH AMERICA USA, Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados, Bahamas, Grenada, Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda; the possession of Denmark - Greenland, as well as a number of possessions of Great Britain, the Netherlands, France, the USA.

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RELIEF AND MINERALS The western part of the mainland is occupied by the Cordillera mountain system (McKinley, 6193 m), the eastern part is occupied by vast plains, plateaus, and medium-altitude mountains. In the northeast of North America - the Laurentian Upland. The hinterland is the (high) Great Plains and the (low) Central Plains. The central, large, part of North America is occupied by the Precambrian North American (Canadian) platform. The eastern edge of the mainland is bordered by mountain uplifts of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Labrador, and the Appalachians. Along the southeast coast there are coastal lowlands - the Atlantic and the Mexican. Mineral deposits of world importance: iron ore, nickel, cobalt, gold, uranium (Laurentian Upland), coal, oil, combustible gases, as well as potassium salts (in Canada). The richest oil and gas deposits (Primeksikanskaya lowland, the northern part of the Canadian Arctic archipelago), asbestos deposits in the Northern Appalachians. The Cordillera has numerous deposits of non-ferrous and rare metals.

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CLIMATE The climate ranges from arctic in the far north to tropical in the center. America and the West Indies, oceanic in the coastal regions, continental in the interior. The average temperatures in January increase from -36 °С (in the north of the Canadian Arctic arch.) to 20 °С (in the south of Florida and the Mexican Highlands), in July - from 4 °С in the north of the Canadian Arctic arch. up to 32 ° C in the southwestern United States. The greatest amount of precipitation falls on the Pacific coast of Alaska and Canada and in the northwestern United States (2000-3000 mm per year); the southeastern regions of the mainland receive 1000-1500 mm, the Central Plains - 400-1200 mm, the intermountain valleys of the subtropical and tropical regions of the Cordillera - 100-200 mm. North of 40-44° N. sh. in winter, a stable snow cover forms.

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INTERNAL WATER The largest river system of the Mississippi is the Missouri (length 6420 km); other significant rivers: St. Lawrence, Mackenzie, Yukon, Columbia, Colorado. The northern part of the mainland, subjected to glaciation, is rich in lakes (Great Lakes, Winnipeg, Great Slave, Great Bear, etc.). total area modern glaciation of St. 2 million km2.

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SOIL AND VEGETATION The soil and vegetation cover in the east of the mainland is represented by a series of latitude zones from Arctic deserts in the north to tropical evergreen forests in the south (in the Cordillera - with a variety of altitudinal zones), south of 47 ° N. sh. the zones are elongated mainly in the meridional direction. Forests occupy about 1/3 of the territory; they are represented by typical taiga in the central regions of Canada, tall coniferous forests on the Pacific coast of Alaska, Canada and the USA, mixed and broad-leaved forests in the Great Lakes basin, evergreen coniferous and mixed forests in the southeast of the mainland and in the southern part of the Cordilleras. Steppe and semi-desert vegetation prevails in the inner part of the mainland. In the inner belt of the Cordillera, deserts are developed in places. The soil and vegetation cover of North America has been heavily modified by humans (especially in the United States).

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Natural resources and their use. Evaluation of PRP for the development of industry and agriculture. McKinley Cordillera Rocky Mountains, Coast Ranges, Cascade Mountains, Sierra Nevada. Huge Mountain country The Cordilleras are located in the western United States. They consist of a series of powerful mountain ranges, between which there is a belt of internal plateaus and plateaus. The highest point is Mt. McKinley (6193 m) in Alaska. To the east of the Cordillera are the Rocky Mountains, to the west - the Coast Ranges, the Cascade Mountains, the Sierra Nevada. Appalachian Mountains, Central and Great Plains. In the east, along the Atlantic coast, the medium-altitude Appalachian Mountains stretch; in the center, the vast inland Central and Great Plains stretch. Atlantic, Florida, Mexican lowlands. The Atlantic, Florida, and Mexican lowlands are located in the southeast and south of the United States. CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION Plains and lowlands mostly have favorable conditions for agriculture. The Cordilleras are an important climatic frontier, a watershed between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The meridional nature of the relief affected the climatic and soil and plant conditions, influenced the formation of the transport network and the resettlement of the population. CORDILERACORDILERA Lowland? Mountains? Plain? Plain? Plain? Ridge? Ridge? Mountains? Mountains? Mountains? Mountains?

Most of the territory lies in the zone of temperate and subtropical climate, the south of Florida - in the tropical. Alaska is located in the subarctic and temperate zones, the Hawaiian Islands - in the maritime tropical. The continentality of the climate increases in the central and western regions of the country. Humidity is high in the east, the western part of the country is arid. Alaska is dominated by tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga in the south. Soil-vegetation zones are replaced mainly in the meridional direction. In the northeast of the country and in the Pacific Northwest there is an area of ​​mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. To the south is the Appalachian region of deciduous forests. In the southeast of the country and in the south of Florida, tropical forests have been preserved. In the central part there are prairies with fertile black earth soils. The dry steppes of the Great Plains are used for pasture. In the Cordillera, altitudinal zonality is pronounced.

Diverse water resources distributed very unevenly throughout the country. On the border with Canada is the largest lake system in the world - the Great Lakes - Superior, Michigan, Huron, Ontario, Erie, which are of great transport importance. Mississippi Ohio, Tennessee Missouri, Arkansas The main river system is the Mississippi and its tributaries. The left full-flowing tributaries of the Ohio and Tennessee have significant hydropower resources. Right Missouri, Arkansas is used for irrigation. Columbia, Colorado The mountain rivers of the Columbia, Colorado Pacific Basin are used both as a source of irrigation and as a source of hydropower.

US dynamics map The growth of the population of each U.S. state between 1970 and The source for this data is the U.S. census bureau. Pink = Population decline Light green = Population growth of % Green = Population growth of % Dark green = Population growth of % Very dark green = Population growth of % or above

The USA is one of the most urbanized countries in the world. The share of city dwellers is 75% There are only eight millionaire cities in the USA. Detroit Chicago Philadelphia Houston Dallas San Diego

BOSSWASH (from Boston to Washington) CHIPS or LAKE (from Milwaukee to Pittsburgh) SANSUN or CALIFORNIA (from San Francisco to San Diego) In the most economically developed parts of the United States, vast urbanized areas have developed, formed by the merging of numerous neighboring agglomerations - "MEGALOCOS"

The United States is one of the largest states in the world, with a powerful economic, scientific, technical and military potential, which largely determines policy modern world. It is currently the only superpower. The modern GNP of the country is unparalleled. The US is the world's largest producer of industrial and agricultural products. The American economy is characterized by a high concentration of production and capital. The largest American corporations are transnational in the nature of their operations. Only among the 500 largest TNCs in the world there are more than 170 American ones.

In terms of the number of scientific and engineering personnel and spending on R & D, the United States stands out sharply even among highly developed countries. Under the influence of scientific and technological revolution in the sectoral structure of GNP, there is a reduction specific gravity material production and the growth of the non-productive sphere. The branches of international specialization in the United States are the electrical and electronic industries, the automotive industry, the aerospace industry, the nuclear industry, biotechnology, and so on.

The USA has the most powerful fuel and energy industry. Its basis is a good supply of energy resources - coal, oil, natural gas. In terms of proven oil reserves and production, the United States ranks second in the world after Saudi Arabia. The demand for oil is met by domestic production and imports. The largest oil monopolies in the world are Exxon, Texaco, Gulf Oil and others. The demand for natural gas is met through its own production and imports from Canada. In terms of natural gas production, the United States is second only to Russia. coal industry remains one of the most important industries. The US is in the group of leaders, along with China.

In terms of the total capacity of power plants and electricity production, the United States ranks 1st in the world. The structure of electricity generation is dominated by its production at thermal power plants (70%). The share of alternative energy sources is about 2%. By the number of power units of operating nuclear power plants, the United States ranks 1st in the world. The share of generation of about 20% of HPPs are built on many rivers of the country - Columbia, Tennessee, Colorado.

The United States is the third largest steel producer in the world. The smelting of ferrous metals in the country is controlled by several large companies. One of them is the United States Steel Corporation. The USA is a major producer of the main types of non-ferrous metals. The development of the industry is based on a powerful raw material and energy base. Enterprises are located near raw materials or near cheap energy sources, or around large port cities. The aluminum industry (1st place in the world) mainly works on imported raw materials (from Jamaica, Guinea, Guyana, Brazil).

The leading centers of ferrous metallurgy are: Pittsburgh Gary Cleveland Detroit Milwaukee Baltimore Houston Dallas Tennessee

It has tens of thousands of enterprises and thousands of firms. The largest monopolies in the automotive industry, General Motors, Ford Motor, Daimler Chrysler, the United States controls 2/3 of the world civil aviation market. The largest monopolies are Boeing, United Technologies, McDonell Douglas, Lockheed. The main region of the aircraft industry is the Pacific states. The automotive industry is distributed in 20 US states. However, the Lake District remains the main production area, especially the state of Michigan with the "automotive capital" of Detroit.

The electrical and electronics industry in the United States produces products for both industrial and domestic purposes. The world computer market is controlled by American firms headed by Ai-Bi-Em. The process of cooperation between industry and science is actively taking place. Scientific and industrial territorial complexes have emerged in various parts of the United States, for example, "Silicon Valley" in California, which is the world's leading area for the production of semiconductors. US shipbuilding is much inferior in importance to other branches of engineering. It cannot compete with other countries of the world. The centers are located on the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. There are shipyards in the Great Lakes region.

The United States is one of the world leaders in terms of production. The firms Dupont de Nemours, Dow Chemical, and Monsanto dominate here. The main areas are the states of the North, where chemistry is associated with metallurgy, automotive, textile industry, agriculture. A large concentration of chemical enterprises is observed on the Gulf Coast in states that are rich in raw materials for this industry: oil, natural gas and sulfur. In the Tennessee River Valley, a complex of energy-intensive chemical industries. Developing rapidly chemical industry on the Pacific coast.

The basis of the railway system is made up of transcontinental lines running from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. The remaining highways are laid both in the latitudinal and in the meridional direction. rapid development road transport contributed to the process of urbanization and the farming type of rural settlement, as well as the presence big network good roads throughout the country, a well-established maintenance system and the active work of automobile monopolies. Air transport has great importance V passenger traffic both domestic and international. The civil aviation fleet is the largest in the world. Socio-economic development of individual regions. Midwest: District big industry and agriculture North-East: "workshop of the nation" South: macro-district big changes. The West is the youngest and most dynamic West An important economic region of the country The breadbasket of the country Many-sided Contrast is especially pronounced

The US is the first trading partner for many countries in the world. In foreign trade the role of neighbors is great: Canada and Mexico, as well as Japan, Russia and countries of foreign Europe. Export: engineering products, foodstuffs, chemicals, coal. Import: food vehicles, mineral raw materials The share of TNCs accounts for up to 2/3 of the foreign economic turnover of the United States A greater role than trade is played by the export of capital

What are the major rivers that flow through North America? The largest river system .... MISSISSIPPI (from the Indian "misi sepe" - a great river) with a tributary of the MISSOURI (named after the Indian tribe that lived on its banks). The river has a large basin, collects water from the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachians, from the Central and Great Plains. The Mississippi is full of water all year round, flooding in the spring due to snowmelt and summer rains. In the lower reaches, it winds, forms many islands in the channel.

Task: compare the rivers of North America with the rivers of other continents, draw a conclusion. Table "The largest rivers in the world." Name Length, km Basin area, thousand km 2 Nile 6 671 (with Kagera) Mississippi 6 420 (with Missouri) 3 268 Amazon 6 400 (with Maranion) Ob 5 410 (with Irtysh) 2 990 Amur 4 440 (with Argun) 1855 Mackenzie Yukon Colorado

To which oceans do the rivers of North America carry their waters? Which ocean basin is larger? What are the main sources of food for rivers? (working with atlas maps, fill in the block diagram) Rivers of North America basin? ocean examples of rivers: characteristic: basin? ocean examples of rivers: characteristic: basin? ocean examples of rivers: characteristic:

Characteristics of the rivers of North America. Rivers of North America in the Atlantic Ocean basin St. Lawrence Short rapids, rich in energy resources, with a constant flow of the Arctic Ocean basin. Mackenzie Snow powered, freeze for a long time, differences in the flow of the Pacific Ocean river. Colorado, Yukon Stormy, high-water, short, rich in hydropower, narrow and deep valleys (Grand Canyon)

North America is rich in lakes. Find on the map and name them? The lakes are unevenly distributed. Most of them are located within the Canadian Crystal Shield. The basins of the lakes are of glacial and glacial-tectonic origin. Along the western edge of the shield are lakes such as Winnipeg (in the language of the Indians "water"), Big Bear, Big Slave, Athabasca. Their hollows were formed as a result of faults in the earth's crust, then deepened by a glacier.

There are many lakes of volcanic and glacial origin in the Cordillera. On the inner plateaus there are shallow saline lakes. These are the remains of large reservoirs that existed here in a more humid climate. Many lakes are covered with a crust of salt. The largest of them is the Great Salt Lake. Salinity - from 137 to 300 ppm.

The Great North American Lakes are located on the southern outskirts of the Canadian Shield. The depth of the lakes is significant, at the Upper one it reaches 393 m. In terms of water volume, all lakes surpass the Baltic Sea. They are used throughout the year transport routes because the lakes do not freeze in winter. Why? lake Michigan Oz. Upper Lake Ontario lake. Huron Oz. Erie

From Lake Erie in Ontario, the turbulent Niagara River flows, on which a waterfall 50 m high (a ten-story building) and more than 1 km wide was formed. From Lake Erie in Ontario, the turbulent Niagara River flows, on which a waterfall 50 m high (a ten-story building) and more than 1 km wide was formed. The Niagara River is the only way that the waters of the four great lakes rush: Superior, Michigan, Huron and Erie. The Niagara River is the only way that the waters of the four great lakes rush: Superior, Michigan, Huron and Erie.

Waterfall formation. Niagara rushes along a wide and calm channel until it meets a large ledge. Here the current becomes faster and, finally, the entire mass of water falls from the height of a ten-story building. In front of the ledge, a small island emerges from the foaming waters of the river. It is overgrown with dense forest. It is said that a herd of wild goats once lived on this island; they died during one harsh winter. Hence the whole islet was named Goat.

The Niagara Falls Problem. The Niagara River sawed through the limestone hills and connected Lakes Erie and Ontario. Falling off a steep ledge, it forms a waterfall. Since the water destroys limestone, the waterfall slowly recedes to Lake Erie. Human intervention is needed to preserve this unique object of nature. The Niagara River sawed through the limestone hills and connected Lakes Erie and Ontario. Falling off a steep ledge, it forms a waterfall. Since the water destroys limestone, the waterfall slowly recedes to Lake Erie. Human intervention is needed to preserve this unique object of nature.

The mainland is characterized by modern glaciation, the area of ​​​​which is more than 2 million square meters. km. Modern glaciation of North America. Reasons: low temperatures, heavy snowfalls. Cover glaciers of Greenland, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Mountain glaciers of the Cordilleras, Alaska, Canada.

II. Find questions for answers. Answer table. Questions: 1. Through this river, water from the Great Lakes enters the Atlantic Ocean. 2. The river that connects two lakes: Erie and Ontario. 3. The basin of this lake was formed as a result of a break in the earth's crust, then deepened by a glacier. 4. The river flows into the Arctic Ocean, is fed by snow, freezes for a long time. 5. The river that formed the Grand Canyon. 6. Lake in the Cordillera, covered with a crust of salt. A) R.Mackenzie B). R. Saint Lawrence. C) Winnipeg D) Big Salty E). R. Niagara E) Colorado River

I V. Characteristics of the river of North America according to the plan. Option 1 - R. Mackenzie; Option 2 - R. Colorado. Plan description of the river. 1) In what part of the mainland does it flow? 2) Where does it start? Where does it fall? 3) In what direction is it flowing? 4) Explain the dependence of the nature of the flow on the relief. 5) Determine the sources of food for the river. 6) What is the regime of the river and how does it depend on the climate?

Questions.A.B.C.G. 1. Rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean are full-flowing even in summer, as they receive water: From lakes and swamps. From ordinary monsoon rains From the melting of glaciers in the mountains They flow high in the mountains 2. The rivers of the North belong to the Pacific Ocean. Americas ArkansasColoradoMackenzieMissouri 3. The Great Lakes system includes lakes: UpperWinnipegAthabascaOntario 5.Mixed feeding with a predominance of snow have rivers: Colorado And Yukon And Mackenzie and Colorado Mackenzie And Mississippi 4. There is a powerful modern ice cover: In Greenland. In the east of the Canadian Arctic archipelago. On the Labrador Peninsula. On the highlands of the Great Basin.

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Map of North America

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General information

• North America is located on two lithospheric plates: the North American and the Caribbean. The largest of these is the North American Plate, which contains almost the entire continent, as well as the islands of the Arctic Ocean, including Greenland.
• It should be noted that the western boundary of the plate passes through the territory of Eurasia in such a way that the northern tip Far East Russia is geologically also part of North America.
• The Caribbean Plate includes the south of the continent, as well as the islands of the Caribbean Sea. Tectonic activity is most pronounced here, as there is an active collision of the plate with the North and South American plates.

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Map of North America

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General information

• North America can be divided into three parts: the western mountainous, ancient platform, and the eastern plains.
• The western one was formed mainly in the Mesozoic and includes the Cordillera, some of its sections continue to form today. The platform includes Greenland, the Canadian Shield, Labrador, the Center of North America.
• Ancient folding is represented by the Appalachian, Atlantic and Mexican lowlands.

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The structure of the relief of North America

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Central Plains

In the center of the mainland there are hilly Central Plains with heights from 200 to 500 m, composed of marine and continental sedimentary rocks.

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Cordillera

The Cordillera stretches along the western coast for 7 thousand km. In the system of ridges, two main branches are distinguished: the western one - the Cordillera proper - and the eastern one - the Rocky Mountains with a length of 3 thousand km.

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Cordillera

• oil
• coal
• gold
• uranium ores

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Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world. Located on the Colorado Plateau, USA. Developed by the Colorado River in the thickness of limestone, sandstone and shale. Length 446 km. Depth up to 1600 m. Width at the surface level of the plateau 8 - 25 km, near the bottom less than 1 km (in some areas up to 120 m).

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Geological section of the Colorado Canyon

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Canyon Colorado

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Appalachian mountains

The low mountains of the Appalachians are badly destroyed, crossed by valleys. The slopes of the mountains are gentle, the peaks are round, the height is a little over 2 thousand m. The highest point is Mitchell 2037 m. In the Appalachians and in their foothills lie iron ore and coal.

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Cordillera

Cascade mountains on the river. Colombia

The eruption of Mount St. Helens All volcanic eruptions in the continental United States occurred in the Cascade Mountains, the last major eruption was Volcano St. Helens, 1980.

Rocky Mountains Length about 3200 km. Width up to 700 km. Watershed between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The Missouri, Colorado, Rio Grande, Snake, Arkansas and many others originate in the Rocky Mountains.

There are many nationalities in the Rocky Mountains. parks, including Yellowstone

Death Valley The depth of the Badwater depression is 86 meters below sea level, which is the lowest point on the earth's surface in North America. The average temperature in July reaches 46°C, dropping to 31°C at night. The coolest time is from the end of November to February (5-20°C), when there are often long heavy showers.

McKinley is a two-headed mountain in Alaska, the highest mountain in North America. Located in the heart of Denali National Park. Named after the 25th President of the United States of America, William McKinley

Cordillera of Alaska

Grand Canyon (USA) (English Grand Canyon; Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon) is one of the deepest canyons in the world. Located on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, USA, on the territory of the Grand Canyon National Park. It is cut by the Colorado River in the thickness of limestones, shales and sandstones. The length of the canyon is 446 km. The width (at the level of the plateau) varies from 6 to 29 km, at the bottom level - less than a kilometer. Depth - up to 1600 m. Since 1979, the Grand Canyon has been on the list world heritage UNESCO.

Grand Canyon

grand canyon

Sierra Nevada Sierra Nevada, stretching for more than 750 kilometers. you can see the famous for its beauty high mountain Lake Tahoe, whose area is almost 500 km2, and the Yosemite Valley Lake Tahoe in California

Mexican Highlands The area is about 1200 thousand km2. Most of the surface is located at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. forms the Eastern Sierra Madre (4054 m) mountain range, dipping steeply to the east

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