The cuckoo lays eggs in nests. Feathered evil: what happens in the nest where the cuckoo threw her egg

The cuckoo is a bird known to almost everyone. She is quite restless, avoids the company of her own kind and does not like to communicate with other birds.

The cuckoo diet consists of insects, especially larvae. Her favorite dish is hairy caterpillars, which other birds “disdain” (the hairs of these caterpillars stick firmly into the walls of the stomach when digesting food). This kind of food is absolutely not suitable for many birds. The destruction of hairy caterpillars is the undoubted help of the cuckoo to its native nature.

The cuckoo from old times is an example of the wrong attitude of parents towards children. She has a peculiar view of her own offspring. Cuckoos never build their own nests or hatch their chicks. They lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. Having laid an egg on the ground, the cuckoo takes it in its beak and, flying up imperceptibly to the nest of a bird, puts it there in the absence of the owners.

Cuckoo eggs are remarkably similar in size and color to the eggs of those birds in whose nests they lay them. This is due to the fact that in certain areas cuckoos adapt to lay eggs in the nests of only certain species of birds.

It has been established that mothers leave their eggs in the nests of at least 170 different bird species. In one place they can lay eggs only in the nests of, say, robins, wagtails and buntings, in another place - wrens and warblers, and in the third - wood pigeons or grebes.

The loss of the instinct to build a nest, incubate chicks and feed them, apparently, is associated with the peculiarities of laying eggs by the cuckoo. She lays eggs for a very long time - several weeks and their number is very significant - up to 20-22. Of course, if she herself incubated, then this method greatly disrupted the development of eggs.

So she adapted to laying eggs in other people's nests. And this, in turn, led to the development of new instincts in the cuckoo: searching for other people's nests, carrying eggs in its beak and laying them in someone else's nest, and in one nest it lays only one egg at a time. This gave rise to such specific features as the small size of the eggs compared to the size of the bird itself, the compaction of their shells and the great variety in size, shape and color.

There are more than 12 basic color options for cuckoo eggs, depending on the color of the eggs of those birds to which the cuckoos throw their eggs.

To match their parents and cuckoo children. They also developed specific innate reflexes, instincts associated with upbringing in someone else's nest. Shortly after the cuckoo hatches from the egg, he begins to throw eggs or other chicks out of the nest - his foster brothers. He does it this way: he crawls under the chick and, when he finds himself in a special depression on his back, begins to back away to the edge of the nest. And then with a strong push, he drops it down. Such a fate awaits all the chicks until the cuckoo is left alone in the nest. He is fed alone by foster parents, sometimes much smaller than their voracious foundling.

From the stories of I.F. Zayanchkovsky

For their peculiarity of throwing eggs into other people's nests, cuckoos have gained a bad reputation as bad mothers and lovers of easy life. They do not build nests, do not incubate their eggs and do not feed their chicks, but other birds do this work instead of them. But it turns out that cuckoos do not just throw their eggs, but do it so skillfully that the process of forgery itself is more like a spy detective story than a story from the world of wildlife.

But cuckoos don't just drop their eggs into the first nest they find. This is preceded by painstaking work: an insidious bird has been watching the nest of future parents from the moment it was built. And as soon as careless parents lay their eggs, a couple of cuckoos begin to implement their insidious plan. The male in this drama is given a special honorable role. He distracts the future adoptive parents and leads them away from the nest with his loud cry of "cuckoo", while the female lays an egg. Sometimes the female lays an egg on the ground, and then carries it in her beak and throws it into the nest. When forged, the female performs an important ritual: she always throws one master's egg out of the nest so that the birds do not suspect anything.

If the cuckoo is very late in laying an egg and sees that eggs have already been laid in the nest she likes, she often ruins the nest, forcing parent-educators to lay a new batch of eggs. And this is done in order to lay your egg with the least difference in time. The cuckoo must hatch before its competitors - this is the key to its survival.

As soon as the cuckoo hatches, the following happens in the new parents' nest.

The quick birth, in comparison with other chicks, provides the cuckoo with features of the early stage of development. The fact is that the egg after fertilization remains inside the cuckoo and, under the influence of higher temperatures, accelerated development of the embryo begins. Therefore, getting into the nest a little later than other eggs, the “gift” of the cuckoo still has an advantage in time.

The common cuckoo, which lives in our latitudes, is a migratory bird that spends the winter in tropical Asia or Africa. During the summer, a negligent mother manages to demolish and throw up to 10-15 eggs into other people's nests. This is quite a lot, but, given the fact that after the laying of the egg, all worries about the offspring end, the cuckoo can count on the fact that all her offspring will safely live to adulthood. Although ornithologists describe cases when a mother cuckoo visited the nest to check if everything was in order with her cuckoo.

Interestingly, as the future parents of cuckoos, as a rule, they choose the same birds in which they grew up themselves. At the same time, an interesting fact can be observed: cuckoo eggs can be of different colors from pure white to spotted and blue-gray, depending on which birds they throw their eggs on.

Left alone and getting all the food that parents-educators can get, cuckoos grow very quickly. After 2-3 weeks, they no longer fit in the nest and exceed the size of their "parent" several times. But the educators still do not suspect anything and do not have a soul in their child.

Cuckoos live almost everywhere - both in the vastness of Russia and in other countries. But since this bird leads an extremely secretive lifestyle, flies only at night, and hides in the thicket during the day, even professional ornithologists know much less about it than about other birds.

Here, let's say, such a simple example: absolutely everyone knows that the cuckoo publishes its famous "cuckoo". Are you sure that these birds have a modest "cuckoo" is the only, let's say, melody in stock? If - yes, then go to Siberia, beyond the Urals, and there you will meet cuckoos, who, if you just wait and listen, instead of the boring "cuckoo" they will suddenly give you something like "doo-doo-doo, doo-doo" . Another subspecies of cuckoos, in the same place in Siberia, declares its presence with a whole phrase: “Here is Tetyukhe, here is Te-tyukhe,” - in any case, this is how the locals translate these sounds from the cuckoo language.

In the Far East, there are cuckoos that make sounds: "Pee-pee-pee a, pee-pee a, pee-pee a!" or something completely unimaginable, like "Ju-dshi, ju-dshi, ju-dshi."

However, for some reason, all these birds are called cuckoos. Probably because the subspecies of these birds, which, apart from the solo performance of “cuckoo”, can do nothing else, is the most common.

Joy or sorrow?

Due to the fact that there are many cuckoos in the world, and we know little about them, many legends and beliefs have appeared around these birds. For example, Ukrainians believed that cuckooing near housing meant crop failure. Cooking for the Annunciation - expect bad news. In the summer, until the cuckoo calls, in no case should you swim. Since the cuckoo catches a person’s eyes very rarely, you can only see it by chance, and you should definitely look at how it sits: if it crows with its tail towards the house, this is good news, but if its head is a bad thing, someone will soon will die.

If you heard the cuckoo for the first time in a year, being in a cheerful mood, you had money in your pocket and you rang coins or keys in response to cuckooing, then, according to legend, you will be happy all year with money.

In Belgium, to get rid of diseases, it was necessary, upon hearing the cuckoo, to fall to the ground and roll from side to side. And in France, 300 years ago, people believed that when they heard "cuckoo", they should take the earth from under their right foot, bring it home and scatter it on the floor there. It was considered the best remedy for fleas.
The Eastern Slavs associated mermaids with cuckoos. It was believed that "ku-ku" is their characteristic cry. So, in the Belarusian language, the word "zozulya" simultaneously means both a cuckoo and a mermaid.

"Sharing"

As for the cuckoo's manner of shifting the feeding and raising of their offspring onto other people's shoulders, yes! This cannot be taken away from them. Without exception, all cuckoos do this. Moreover, they do not lay their eggs in any nest, but carefully choose future adoptive parents for the cuckoo.

It is believed that the cuckoo picks up a nest similar to the one in which she hatched herself. There is one more necessary condition: in the chosen nest there should already be eggs laid by its owners. Having found such a nest, the cuckoo hides nearby for some time, because if the owners of the nest see it, they will raise a terrible noise and drive out the impudent one with shame.

As soon as the future caregivers fly far enough, the cuckoo does its dirty work, but, depending on the circumstances, in different ways. If the nest is open and strong, the bird sits directly on it and lays an egg. If the chosen place is in a hollow or has a side entrance, the cuckoo lays an egg on the ground, and then transfers it to the nest in its beak.

With foster mother

That's interesting. that the cuckoo egg, at first quite different in color from the “native” eggs of the owners of the nest, after some time becomes similar to them so that you can’t tell them apart.

It's not easy to cheat

But at the same time, one should not think that foster parents are complete idiots and easily accept all sorts of cuckoos into their family. Not at all! For example, Australian birds called painted malyurs fight cuckoo arbitrariness in the following way: they literally train eggs by emitting a unique trill over freshly laid masonry, which in the future serves as a password for hatched chicks to get food.

The cuckoo egg usually appears later, and therefore the cuckoo does not know the password. True, he is not a fool either, and his hearing is usually all right. So after some time, the cuckoo picks up the necessary melody and also begins to receive food.

In addition, birds can count and therefore know perfectly well how many eggs they have in their nest. This account-control looks like this: during the process of incubation, bald patches form on the abdomen of the bird, for each egg - its own. Bald patches are needed so that the eggs are pressed more tightly against the body of the hen. When a bird sits on a clutch, it instantly feels both a lack of an egg and a foundling. Feeling the stranger, the mother hen slowly pushes him away from her, and then simply throws him out of the nest. True, this does not always happen.

Other birds themselves leave the nest, leaving both their own and cuckoo eggs in it, and make a new one. Some, having found an uninvited guest, weave a new litter over the nest, thus burying their masonry under it along with the foundling. But still, many species of birds do not notice the forgery.

The cuckoo is usually the first to be born, and almost immediately declares a real war on everything that, in his opinion, is superfluous in the nest. And the superfluous in the nest, from the point of view of the cuckoo, is all. except for himself, beloved. Within three to four days, the cuckoo gets rid of almost all of its neighbors in the nest, simply throwing them overboard.

After five days, his fighting mood disappears, and if one of the chicks managed to survive this period, then no one will touch him. But the chance to survive for the rest is still extremely small - the point is. that the cuckoo intercepts all the food brought by adult birds, so that the rest of the chicks most often die of starvation.

Konstantin FEDOROV

XVI REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
FOR YOUTH AND SCHOOLCHILDREN “SCIENCE. CREATION. DEVELOPMENT"

Why does the cuckoo lay

eggs in other people's nests?

MOU "Lyceum of Kozmodemyansk"

Novocheboksarsk 2013

Introduction

Main part

I.Theoretical part

1. general information

2. Types of cuckoos

3. Educational material (interesting information)

5. Benefit or harm

II.Practical part

1. Questions for the survey

2. Poll results

Conclusion

Information sources

Application

INTRODUCTION

Once, while with my parents at their summer cottage, which is located near the forest, I heard the repeated sound of “cuckoo”. Mom explained to me that it was a male cuckoo singing. I would like to see this bird. But since the voice was heard from afar, it was not possible to look at the cuckoo.

Returning home in the evening, my mother, father and brother and I decided to learn more about this bird, and I was surprised to find that the cuckoo does not incubate eggs itself, but lays them in other people's nests. Then I wanted to find out the reason for this behavior of the cuckoo.

In order to better understand and protect those who live next to us, who live in forests, fields and reservoirs we need to know as much as possible about them. In this I see relevance his work.

Target project: find out why the cuckoo is called a bad mother and is it really so.

Project objectives:

1. Study the literature on this issue

2. Get advice from experts

3. Conduct a survey among your peers and acquaintances

I also posed a problematic question to myself, to which I would like to receive an answer:

1. Is the cuckoo a useful or harmful bird?

My research work is intended for elementary school students in order to become more fully acquainted with familiar, and at the same time unfamiliar birds - cuckoos.

MAIN PART

I.THEORETICAL PART

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

common cuckoo- a bird of medium size (body length up to 40 cm, wings - about 22 cm), with a rather long (up to 18 cm) rounded stepped tail and long primary wings. The cuckoo weighs about 100 grams. In color and size, it somewhat resembles a sparrow hawk. In adult males, the back and tail are dark gray, the throat, crop and chest are light gray. The rest of the plumage is white with dark transverse striping. The eyes and rims of the eyelids are yellow. The beak is blackish, slightly curved at the apex. Legs are short and orange. Females, unlike males, are either brownish above, with an buffy coating on the goiter, or the dorsal side of the body and the top of the head are rusty-red with wide black and narrow white transverse stripes. Young birds, regardless of sex, are either grayish or reddish with darker transverse striping throughout the body.

Males and females are approximately the same in size, but in summer they differ in body color. The body length of an adult bird is about 35-40 cm; wingspan - 60 cm, live weight from 100 to 120 grams. Some massiveness is given to the bird by long flight and tail feathers.

Cuckoo- our most mysterious bird. Even specialist ornithologists know less about the cuckoo than about any other bird species, many aspects of its biology have not yet been elucidated. She leads an extremely secretive lifestyle, makes flights at night, and hides in the thickets during the day. The visibility of the voice and the elusiveness of the bird left a seal of mystery on the cuckoo.

Everyone knows cuckoos well. And if someone did not see it with their own eyes, then they heard it when visiting the forest in spring or early summer. It is enough to hear the voice of the cuckoo once to immediately understand why she was given such a name. And so the bird is called not only on Russian language. The Germans call this bird "Kukuk". The French are "kuku". In Romania, it is called "cook". In Italy - "doll". In Spanish, her name is "kuko", and in Turkish - "guguk".

Cuckoos fly to us from South Africa. Moreover, males arrive first, and their girlfriends - in two weeks. Females overcome the last hundreds of kilometers one by one. Some of the individuals fly to warmer climes for wintering already at the end of July. Young people of the first year of life enjoy their stay in their homeland until mid-September. Cuckoos fly across half the globe in small groups and never in a flock, like other birds.

The cuckoo feeds mainly on insects and their larvae. She is extremely gluttonous, especially eats various hairy caterpillars, which many insectivorous birds avoid, eats bugs, fillies and bird eggs. In the stomachs of two cuckoos caught in the southwestern foothills of Altai at the end of June, there were three dozen gypsy moth caterpillars, and in the other two - the remains of beetles, beetle larvae, a filly and a rider. Sometimes cuckoos feed on berries. The common cuckoo is a useful bird. She quickly finds places of mass reproduction of insects and contributes to the suppression of a dangerous focus.

2. CUCKOO TYPES

Tree, or real, cuckoos. About 80 species of this family are distributed in the Old World and Australia; only one species lives in the north. They are found wherever forests exist.

Golden cuckoo, or didrik. Her homeland is South and Middle. Africa.

toucan cuckoos, the largest representative of which lives in Australia.

Kukil, Kuzil - a small genus of toucan cuckoos that has been given a name small toucan cuckoos. They live on the islands of South Asia and in Polynesia.

giant cuckoo, she undoubtedly belongs to the cuckoos; but besides insects, which are the exclusive food of our cuckoos, it also feeds on fruits and berries.

Genus jay cuckoos distributed in Africa.

crested cuckoo found in Arabia and Palestine.

bush cuckoos, very numerous in India and its neighboring islands. In Jamaica, their representative is lizard cuckoo.

In Africa, the East Indies and Australia there are a special kind of cuckoo called dolls, or spur cuckoos, since their back fingers are armed with a long and sharp spur; their food consists of large insects, even lizards and snakes, and in general, almost any living prey.

Widespread species in Africa Senegalese coucal lives exclusively in reed thickets; his food also consists of various insects, mainly ants, with which he sometimes smells disgusting.

pheasant cuckoo distributed mainly in Australia. In its swampy plains, densely overgrown with bushes and reeds, it is not difficult to see this bird running on the ground with extraordinary ease.

Guguka it is painted on the entire upper side of the body in an even dark brown color, on the lower side it is light ash with brown stripes. Her unusually sonorous voice is remarkable, reminiscent of the original throat sounds emitted by monkeys, and often confusing the hunter. Food consists of fruits and berries of every kind, which she gathers early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset; at noon she looks for the most shady trees and rests quietly until the heat of the day subsides.

hallmarks glitter are elongated body, long, awl-shaped beak, small, weak, tender legs, artiodactyl, rarely three-toed, short wings, long, stepped tail; the plumage is soft, loose, magnificent golden color.

At jacamara the upper side of the body and chest are golden green, while the lower part of the body is rusty red. This bird inhabits the forests of the coastal part of Brazil and is found here quite often.

Sloths - apathetic and boring creatures belonging exclusively to the equatorial parts South America.

3. COGNITIVE MATERIAL (interesting information)

All children love to hide. Adults play along with the kids: they cover their faces with their palms and “cuckoo”. For some reason, neither "meow", nor "woof", nor "crow" are used in this game. And, it turns out, for good reason. Almost everyone heard the cuckoo singing, but few people managed to see this bird in wildlife - it virtuoso hide and seek games.

Since childhood, each of us has been familiar with the call of an inconspicuous gray bird, this sound “dull and simple”, repeating so monotonously and, nevertheless, so attractive. In the spring noise of the forest, in the ringing chorus of small birds, the cuckoo seems to weave its own special musical pattern, a little sad and dreamy. This bird is more often than many others mentioned in folk songs, beliefs and fairy tales, its tune is often used in romances and symphonies by composers of many nations.

“The green forest around is young and dewy, and there is silence in the forest; and in the midst of silence - only the voice of the cuckoo. The vociferous bastard! Respond, will I live to see a new spring?

In the old proverbs of the Russian peasantry, the cuckoo, with its dreary singing, was the embodiment of grief and sadness: “The cuckoo cuckoos - it tells grief”, “Not the cuckoo cuckoo, but the wife is grieving.” This bird is also mentioned in other proverbs, which speaks of its great popularity: “I exchanged a cuckoo for a hawk”, “You can’t hatch chickens on cuckoo eggs”, “The cuckoo does not cuckle on St. Peter’s Day”, and so on.

Almost all nations have many legends associated with the cuckoo. In one of the most common, it is said that a woman ruined her husband, God turned her into a bird as a punishment, which was never destined to have her own family. Since then, the cuckoo has been crying bitterly. Her tears turn into grass, the so-called cuckoo's tears, and her sad voice is heard far around. Compassionate people believed in this legend, called the bird "poor widow", "unfortunate cuckoo". And they didn’t know that they were hearing not a cry, but a spring song, and not a “widow”, but a male. Females make other sounds, sometimes similar to laughter.

Scientists have long been trying to understand and scientifically substantiate the behavior of the cuckoo and refute its status as a "bad mother".

Why do cuckoos toss their babies to other birds?

There are several theories on this.

One of them says that the cuckoo mother, throwing her cubs into other people's nests, thereby saves them from a gluttonous father who can eat fresh eggs and, as they say, not even blink an eye, despite the fact that it is his cubs.

But there is another opinion. A cuckoo, on average, can lay 10 to 25 eggs during the "baby-bearing" period. And if the cuckoo tried to raise such a number of chicks, then it is unlikely that she succeeded. And apparently this is the main reason.

How do cuckoos toss their babies to other birds?

The cuckoo does this in a smart way - she chooses a nest site next to another nest that she thinks is suitable for raising her cub. And only after the choice, she begins to incubate eggs. If successful, the bird incubates the egg in someone else's nest while the parents are looking for food for their cubs, and if not, then she drags the egg later right in the beak.

There is another opinion regarding the way the cuckoo lays eggs in other people's nests. It is believed that the bird is not cautious, but, on the contrary, acts very brazenly. Outwardly - both in contour and in color - it looks like a hawk. Flying low over the nest, the “hawk” cuckoo frightens the birds, forcing them to hide in bushes or foliage, while she herself lays an egg at this time. They also say that the male helps the female in laying eggs - he scares or distracts the owners of the nest. Cuckoos mostly lay their eggs in the nests of small birds. But some species throw them into the nests of crows, jackdaws and other fairly large birds. But in any case, each cuckoo specializes in certain birds - robins or redstarts, warblers or flycatchers. And cuckoo eggs are similar in shape and color to the eggs of these birds. As for the size of the eggs - and here is another phenomenon. The cuckoo weighs 100-120 grams, and her egg should weigh 15 grams. And she lays eggs weighing 3 grams, such as those of a bird weighing 10-12 grams.

Once in England, an exhibition of cuckoo eggs was organized, collected in 76 nests of different bird species. Presented were 919 eggs of various colors, colors and sizes. But not all eggs were presented. Cuckoos are known to lay their eggs in the nests of at least 150 bird species.

Having thrown eggs into several nests, one in each, the cuckoo calmly sets off for wintering in South Africa.

And tragedy is played out in the nests. The cuckoo hatches from the egg a day or two earlier than its stepbrothers and sisters. This time is enough for him to get comfortable in the nest. He is still blind (the eyes of the cuckoo open on the fifth day), still naked, but already strong enough - he weighs three grams, and can lift twice as much. But he already has an instinct to throw away: he throws out any object that he touches with his bare back. Such items are primarily eggs or chicks of the owners of the nest. Throwing them on its back and helping itself with its bare wings, the cuckoo chick in a short time “clears” the nest for itself. The cuckoo is in a hurry - the ejection instinct acts for three or four days, then subsides. If he does not have time to throw out his competitors during this time, the chicks will remain in the nest. But still they are doomed: the cuckoo will intercept all the food that the "foster parents" will bring.

And the "adoptive parents" do not seem to notice the changes that are taking place in their nest. They feed a single chick with amazing zeal, although they could have long understood that in front of them is not their chick at all. The real reason for such "devotion" became known relatively recently. It turns out that the cuckoo's bright red throat and yellow mouth are a signal, and a very powerful one, forcing not only "foster parents" to feed it, but also "foreign" birds that are nearby, give the cuckoo food caught for their own chicks.

At the same time, no one notices or takes into account the colossal size of the chick. Feeding birds sometimes sit on the back or on the head of their fosterling, thrusting their heads entirely into his wide-open mouth.

5. BENEFITS OR HARMS

It may seem that cuckoos are very harmful birds, destroying the chicks of many useful birds. But it's too early to draw a conclusion. Let's look at it from a different point of view.

First, let's not blame the cuckoo for being a bad mother. There are different opinions regarding what causes cuckoos to throw eggs into other people's nests. But one thing is certain: this behavior of the cuckoo is explained not by the lack of maternal feelings, but, on the contrary, by concern for the preservation of its offspring. The cuckoo cannot save its life without throwing competitors out of the nest, as it is very voracious.

And this insatiability of the bird redeems its guilt for the death of the chicks of other birds. An adult cuckoo can eat up to 100 caterpillars in an hour, and it can “work” with such intensity for several hours in a row.

One cuckoo destroys significantly more harmful insects (and more dangerous insects) than all the birds killed by the cuckoo would destroy.

II. PRACTICAL PART

I conducted a sociological survey among my classmates, acquaintances and relatives. A total of 30 people took part. The following questions were asked:

1. Why does a cuckoo lay eggs in other people's nests?

2. Does the cuckoo do harm or benefit in nature?

Poll results

To the first question, the majority (10 people) answered that the cuckoo is too lazy to hatch eggs. In second place (7 people) was the answer that cuckoos do not build their nests. A lot of people just don't know why this is happening. Someone believes that the cuckoo will not be able to have a large number of chicks because of the voracity of the cuckoo. There were also such answers: saves the eggs from the male, who can eat them; that the diet of adults and chicks is somewhat different (chicks do not eat large hairy caterpillars); one person replied that it was a mystery of nature.

For the second question, 23 people answered that the cuckoo is useful, and 7 people said that the cuckoo is a harmful bird.

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that we do not know enough about this bird.

CONCLUSION

The relevance of my work was that we know very little about the world around us. The cuckoo is such a secretive bird that, apart from its singing (crowing), we know practically nothing about it. In the course of studying the issue of cuckoos, I learned a lot of new and useful things for myself. This is a very smart bird, she saves the forest from pests, and maybe you should not call her a “bad mother”, as she is simply forced to do just that, and no other way. By laying her eggs in other people's nests, she tries to preserve the life of her chicks in nature as much as possible, albeit at the expense of other birds. Due to its voracity, the cuckoo will not be able to feed all the cuckoos, because during the period of "childbirth" it can lay up to 25 eggs.

INFORMATION SOURCES

http://nature. rf/birds/cuckoo. php

http://www. *****/2007/08/20/semejjstvo_kukushkovykh_coccyges._vidy_kukushek..html

http://*****/2010/06/1954-raznotsvetnyie-obzhoryi/

http://www. *****/08nature/birds/085o. php/

http://maxplo. *****/news/kukushka_pritvorjaetsja_jastrebom/489

http://www. *****/care/advice/art5045.html

http://www. /kukushki

http://www. /watch? v=jcUWvQQRQKI&feature=player_embedded

http://ru. wikipedia. org/

Akimushkin Animals (Stories about Birds)/Eureka Series; Bloch, B. Zhutovsky - Moscow: Young Guard - 1971, p.384

Animals. Big encyclopedia. Under the general editorship. Moscow. OLMA Media Group. 2008

APPLICATION

I heard the cuckoo singing

I study literature on the topic
Types of cuckoos

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common cuckoo

white-browed cuckoo