A building for the production of cinder blocks. Is the production of cinder blocks profitable in the current market realities? Necessary raw materials and materials

In this material:

Cinder block is a popular building material in the CIS countries, which is associated with its low cost and excellent performance, such as strength, low thermal conductivity and durability. It is made from cheap raw materials - slag and cement, as a result of which it is a profitable solution for entrepreneurial activities. The business plan for the production of cinder blocks contains important organizational points, it also elaborates financial issues and other important nuances related to organizing a business.

Business features, advantages and disadvantages

The manufacturing process of cinder blocks is simple, which allows you to organize production in small businesses and even at home. slag concrete , from which the blocks are made, belongs to the category of lightweight concrete. To obtain it, cement, sand, as well as slag, ash or waste from metallurgical enterprises are used. Therefore, this business is most profitable in areas where there are metallurgical plants nearby.

The main advantages of production include the following:

• high demand due to the low cost of the material;
• low cost of raw materials;
• simplicity of technology;
• low cost of equipment;
• the possibility of organizing production in "artisanal conditions";
• in the manufacture it is easy to achieve quality stability, in contrast to the production of foam blocks;
• opportunity to compete with large manufacturers.

There are also negative sides:

• the cinder block has developed an attitude as a second-rate material, so it is more often used for outbuildings, garages or budget construction, such as country houses;
• it is necessary to prepare a warehouse of impressive size for drying and storing finished products, especially if production volumes are large;
• low level of environmental friendliness, since the composition of the slag contains acid and sulfur;
• in some regions there is serious competition.

Scopes of cinder blocks

The cinder block is used for the construction of the following types of buildings:

• low-rise buildings - solid blocks are used;
• frame structures - blocks with 40% voids are used, which have good thermal insulation properties;
• garages - blocks with 30% voids or full-bodied are suitable;
• outbuildings - the type of blocks is selected taking into account the characteristics of the building;
• change houses and utility rooms - it is allowed to use any type of cinder blocks;
• warehouses, etc. - solid blocks are used or with voids of 30%, depending on the size of the building.

In addition, cinder blocks are used in the construction of fences. Due to their low weight and good soundproofing qualities, they are suitable for the construction of interior partitions.

Attention! Cinder blocks with square holes have higher strength than analogues with cylindrical voids.

Production technology

The production process of cinder block includes several stages:

1. The ingredients are mixed until smooth. To prepare the mixture, a conventional concrete mixer is used.
2. The mixture is poured into molds that are placed on a vibrating table. The latter ensures the compaction of cinder concrete and thereby eliminates the formation of air pockets. The vibrating table works for 15-30 seconds.
3. After gaining the required strength (as a rule, after 1.5-2 days), the blocks are removed from the molds and stacked on pallets. To avoid cracking, the first few days they are sprayed with water. This measure is especially necessary if the ambient temperature exceeds 20 degrees. After that, the blocks are covered with plastic wrap. The drying process takes four weeks.

Solution recipes

There is no universal recipe for making cinder blocks. For example, the volume of water depends largely on the moisture content of the slag and sand, and the amount of filler depends on its type. Therefore, the ideal composition is selected empirically. Nevertheless, there is an optimal recipe that you can build on when making cinder blocks:

• blast furnace slag - 7 parts;
• coarse quarry sand - 2 parts;
• gravel - 2 parts;
• Portland cement M400 - 1.5 parts;
• plasticizer - about 5 grams per block;
• water - 1.5-3 parts.

When using cement grade M500, its amount should be reduced by 15%. Instead of blast-furnace slag, coal combustion products, granite screenings, broken bricks and other similar materials can be used. The only thing to keep in mind is that blast-furnace slag has some advantages: high strength and low weight.

A plasticizer is, although not mandatory, but for a number of reasons an extremely desirable ingredient:

• increases the fluidity of the solution, as a result of which it prevents the occurrence of defects and ensures the accuracy of the geometry;
• increases frost resistance and moisture resistance of the material;
• increases the setting speed, as a result of which it allows you to remove blocks from molds after 6-7 hours, and not after two days.

You can achieve the best quality by slightly adjusting the recipe - the amount of water, cement and plasticizer. If you greatly reduce the amount of slag, you get a sand block. Its recipe is as follows:

• cement - 1 part;
• coarse sand - 3 parts;
• slag - 5 parts;
• water - 0.5 parts of the amount of cement.

organizational plan

The plan for organizing the production of cinder block includes several stages:

• registration of production activities;
• search for premises;
• purchase or manufacture of equipment;
• preparation of raw materials;
• hiring workers.

Each of the stages has its own specifics, so they should be considered separately.

Registration of production activities

The production of cinder blocks, like any other type of activity, requires mandatory legal registration. In most cases, the optimal solution is IP as a substantive form of activity and a unified taxation system.

This type of activity does not require a license, so immediately after obtaining the status of an individual entrepreneur, you can start working.

Room selection

The room for the production of cinder block must have an area of ​​at least 50 square meters. For the production of products in large quantities, you will need a room with a size of at least 150-200 square meters. In addition, it must meet the following requirements:

• sealed roof;
• smooth concrete screed on the floor;
• high-quality lighting;
• effective ventilation;
• the presence of a source of water supply;
• availability of heating.

Near the room there should be enough space for storing raw materials - slag and sand. Moreover, it is desirable that the raw materials are kept under a canopy. In addition, it is necessary to have additional space or a separate room for drying and storing finished products. The main requirement for sweetness is the absence of dampness and the presence of heating.

Important! To connect a powerful industrial concrete mixer or vibrating machine, you will need a 380 V power supply.

Equipment

For the manufacture of cinder blocks, you need a fairly simple set of equipment:

• vibrating sieve;
• cinder block vibrating machine or vibrating table.

In addition, you will need forms that you can purchase or make yourself from wood or metal. The main requirements for them are ease of disassembly and assembly, as well as the standard cell size - 390x190x188 mm.

Note! To replace the above equipment allows a special vibrating press "laying hen". Its cost is about 1,500,000 rubles, so it makes sense to purchase this equipment for the production of cinder blocks in large quantities.

Raw material preparation

To make a cinder block, you will need the following raw materials:

• Cement M400.
• Coarse sand.
• plasticizer.
• Blast furnace slag or other filler.

It is necessary to find regular suppliers of raw materials in advance in order to exclude the possibility of stopping production.

Hiring workers

Staffing depends on the size of the business. For the production of cinder block in small batches in semi-handicraft conditions, 2-3 people will be needed. If the production will work in two shifts, accordingly, up to 6 handymen will be required. Special knowledge is not required from workers, the main thing is that they know how to handle equipment - a concrete mixer and a vibrating table, and also carefully disassemble the forms.

If you plan to set up large-scale production, you will need the following staff:

• Head of the production area.
• Warehouse Manager.
• Handymen - 4 people for one shift.

The salary depends on the region in which it is planned to open a business.

Marketing and product promotion

The most effective are the following methods of product promotion:

• Ads in local newspapers and online sites like Avito or OLX.
• Announcements in social networks.
• Phone calls or personal visits to all nearby hardware stores.
• Outdoor advertising in areas with heavy traffic.
• Launching the company's website.

Financial part of the business plan

Consider the financial part of the business plan using the example of a small workshop, the opening of which requires a minimum of costs.

Investment in production

To start production, you will need the following investments:

• IP registration - 5,000;
• vibrating table - 25,000;
• concrete mixer - 100,000;
• forms - 20,000.

Total: 125,000 rubles. The vibrating table and molds can be replaced by a vibrating machine for the production of cinder block. The cost of a machine with a capacity of 100 pcs. per hour is 37,000 rubles.

Current expenses

The monthly production costs are:

• room rent - 8,000;
• raw materials - 180,000;
• salary - 75,000;
• electricity - 5,000;
• marketing expenses - about 10,000;
• other expenses - about 4,000.

Total: 282,000 rubles.

Advice! A failed batch of cinder blocks can be crushed and used as filler for a new mixture.

Income

The calculations are made taking into account the production of 15,000 cinder blocks per month. The cost of one block is about 30 rubles. As a result, income at such a production capacity is 452,000 rubles.

Profit calculation

Monthly expenses - 282,000 rubles, while the income is 452,000 rubles. Thus, net income two months after the opening of the workshop can amount to 170,000 rubles.

Business profitability and payback period

Business profitability - 170,000/420,000*100%=37.6%

The production of cinder block is very profitable, but provided that there is a metallurgical enterprise nearby that provides slag at a low price, or it is possible to profitably purchase other raw materials. In this case, you can pay back budget equipment after two months.

Since it is not always possible to immediately sell the entire batch of goods, the payback of the business takes 4-6 months. But keep in mind that during the winter months, sales are greatly reduced.

The cinder block production business has been quite profitable and in demand for many years. Moreover, its main advantage is the low cost of equipment and quick payback. However, much depends on competition in the region. In the presence of a large number of small and large enterprises for the production of cinder blocks, problems may arise with the sale of products.

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The intensive construction observed in recent years has led to a high demand for inexpensive materials, such as cinder blocks, which have good technical characteristics.

They compare favorably with many analogues by the ability to organize their own small enterprise for their manufacture.

Analyzing the quality indicators of the material, the following key positive parameters can be distinguished:

• strength;
• heat-insulating properties;
• frost resistance;
• the ability to create reliable protection against external noise;
• high masonry speed due to sufficiently large dimensions (one block is similar to 6-7 bricks);
• simple construction technology;
• durability (≈100 years);
• the lightness of the blocks (one square meter of a cinder block wall is almost one and a half times lighter than brickwork of a similar area), which reduces pressure on the foundation structure.

Experts consider the most significant drawback to be the unpresentable appearance of the planes laid out of blocks that are not subject to decoration, which is easy to eliminate by choosing a noble exterior finish and providing all the necessary insulation measures.

Scope of use of cinder blocks, their types

The classification of blocks is based on several parameters, depending on which their specific types are distinguished.

By structure

• corpulent, the most durable varieties;
• hollow, lightweight options.

Solid blocks excel in structures that experience serious loads (columns, basement and zero cycles, load-bearing walls).

The use of a hollow option depends on the number of internal cavities that affect strength. Its lowest indicator is observed at a voidness of 40%. Due to its excellent heat-insulating ability, such material often plays the role of a heater or is used in the construction of structures on a reliable metal frame.

With 30% of voids, there is an optimal ratio of strength and heat-shielding qualities, which determines the demand for this type in construction. Material with rectangular chambers is stronger than analogues with oval or round voids.

By appointment

• wall block (full): length - 390, width - 190, height - 188 mm. It can be full-bodied (weighing 25-28 kg) and hollow (18-23 kg);
• wall hollow block with dimensions 390-120-188 mm and 390-90-188 mm, weight 10-13 kg.

Necessary premises and equipment for production

You can start your own production at the beginning of your activity in your own adapted premises with an area of ≥ 50 sq. m. It is often necessary to rent suitable buildings. Priority requirements for covered buildings:

• flat floor (concrete screed);
• permanently functioning source of water;
• thoughtful placement of lighting fixtures;
• good ventilation;
• heating system in cold weather.

If production is planned in the open air, then a canopy is provided and the floor is leveled.

A mandatory set of a novice entrepreneur includes the following equipment:

• wheelbarrow with a specialized form for moving the solution;
• cinder block machine (vibration press);
• concrete mixer.

Necessary raw materials and materials

According to the structure, a cinder block is a stone artificially created in the process of vibration pressing. The basic basis is standard cement, water and various fillers, which ultimately determine the quality indicators of the finished product and affect the cost.

• The heaviest fractions give solid blocks high density, strength, resistance to low temperatures:
  • pebbles;
  • brick waste;
  • sand;
  • granite screenings;
  • crushed stone;
  • broken glass, concrete.
• Facilitate the finished blocks, causing high thermal conductivity, the following additives:
  • slag;
  • expanded clay;
  • perlite.
• The inclusion of shavings or sawdust in the structural formula enhances the environmental component of the building blocks, positively affecting their heat resistance.

Technological process

In the presence of all installations, the production cycle consists of several operations:

1. Mixing of components in a concrete mixer (cement, fillers, water). Plasticizers are not a mandatory additive, but to increase water resistance and level the appearance of cracks during drying, you can lay them in the mixture at the rate of five grams per block.
2. Transportation on a wheelbarrow of the finished mass to the press.
3. Laying the mixture in the matrix of the vibropress for compaction under pressure with simultaneous vibration. The process takes 10-90 seconds, depending on the model of the machine. An entrepreneur can use forms both solid and with internal partitions for voids.
4. Extension of the block by means of the control panel.
5. Hardening process (duration under natural ventilation is 36-96 hours).
6. Final drying (20-27 days required at ≥ 18°C).

The production process is visualized in the following video:

Sales channels

For a quick and well-organized implementation at the planning stage of your own business, it is advisable to collect information about the construction of industrial sector buildings that do not require heating (workshops, agricultural complexes, warehouses, garages), where cinder blocks are the dominant building material.

In the private sector, there is also a constant strong demand for cheap, easy-to-install blocks in the construction of utility buildings.

Often, residential buildings are built from it, followed by insulation and facade cladding. In this case, it is advisable to establish a relationship directly with small construction firms to supply their products.

In order to find one-time customers, you should constantly advertise the merits and areas of use of the issued blocks. For a wide presentation, it is necessary to use all known advertising communications: advertisements in newspapers, on the Internet, on stationary information stands, distribution of leaflets, booklets. The most profitable option is to have your own freight transport, which allows you to mobilely deliver small batches of products even to other settlements.

General costs

Focusing on the productivity of ≈450 items per shift, you can purchase equipment at the following price (hereinafter, all prices are indicated in rubles):

• vibratory press brand "Condor 1" - 245,000;
• concrete mixer with a volume of 250 l - 15,000;
• wheelbarrow - 1800;
• shovel - 500;
• racks - 0.5 40 (pcs.) \u003d 20,000.

In total, the equipment will require an amount of 282 300 rubles.

The second item of expenditure is raw materials. Its cost is determined based on one block of standard dimensions:

• cement - 2.4 2.3 (kg) = 5.52;
• sand - 0.22 11 (kg) = 2.42;
• crushed stone - 0.24 13 (kg) \u003d 3.12.

The average price of raw materials will be 11.06 for one cinder block.

The following item of expenditure (per unit of production):

• wages - 3.02;
• insurance contributions (30%) - 0.9;
• electricity - 0.17;
• advertising - 0.86;
• transportation costs - 0.6;
• others - 1.0.

The average amount will be 6.55. Accordingly, the cost of one block will be equal to:

• 11,06 + 6,55 = 17.61 rubles.

Profit calculation

The average selling price of one block is 26 rubles. Profit, defined as the difference between unit price and cost:

• 26 – 17,61 = 8,39

Income tax (15%):

• 8,39 0,15 = 1,26

Net profit:

• 8,39 – 1,26 = 7,13

Profitability (an objective parameter of economic efficiency), determined by the ratio of the profit received to the initial cost:

• (7,13 / 17,61) 100% = 40.5% (high rate).

The payback of capital costs is calculated by dividing the amount invested in the purchase of basic equipment by the net profit received within one month (we take into account 23 working days with one-shift work with a capacity of 450 blocks per shift):

• 282,300 / (7.13,450 (pieces) 23 business days) = 3.8 months subject to the timely sale of the entire standard volume of produced cinder blocks.

Such a short period of time will allow in almost four months to expect a net benefit that can be invested in expanding production.

The building materials market in Russia is actively developing, which contributes to an increase in the share of cinder blocks production. More and more are being built in our country, which requires a huge amount of inexpensive, but high-quality materials for the construction of new buildings.

And it is cinder blocks that are especially in demand today in this market.

The reason for the popularity of cinder blocks lies in their versatility. They are used for the construction of mainly low-rise buildings - private houses and cottages, workshops, garages, utility blocks. The advantages of this material are increased heat and sound insulation, while the cost of a cinder block is much lower than for bricks, foam blocks and other building materials.

It is not difficult to open a business for the production of cinder blocks, since the technology for their manufacture is quite simple, and the raw materials are available and do not require significant costs. With simple technical equipment, a suitable site and funds to purchase a batch of raw materials, any novice entrepreneur can become the owner of his own small but profitable enterprise.

How to fill cinder block

In order to open a business for the production of cinder block bricks, an entrepreneur, first of all, will need a good vibrating machine. For small workshops, small-sized electric machines of domestic production are often used. As initial components for the manufacture of cinder blocks, cement, water, a plasticizing additive, as well as a variety of fillers are used. It can be sawdust, sand, gypsum, crushed stone, expanded clay, ash or scrap bricks. The choice of filler depends on the requirements that apply to the manufactured cinder blocks, on the characteristics of the local climate, as well as the planned cost of production.

Another important point in the process of creating a business is the choice of a production site. The most expensive option is a closed room where you can work all year round. A prerequisite is the presence of a flat concrete floor. The room should have high-quality ventilation, and in the cold season it will be necessary to carry out heating. A more economical option is an open area, which requires preliminary preparation. In order for it to be even, it can be asphalted, concreted, or simply leveled the surface of the earth.

If you are thinking about the prospects for further development of your business, be sure to use a professional business plan for the production of cinder blocks. In some cases, it turns out that there is simply nowhere to expand production, and it is not always possible to realize this fact without the support of professionals. With the help of this document, you will not only be able to foresee possible risks, but will also deal with such complex issues as finding a market for products, fighting competitors and improving production technology.

Production of cinder blocks

Do-it-yourself cinder blocks machine for the production of cinder blocks

Cinder blocks are a very popular and sought-after building material.

Business plan for the production of cinder blocks with calculations

It is made by vibrocompression in the form of a concrete solution. With a small amount of construction, you may not even need a machine for the production of cinder blocks, although it will go much faster with it.

What are cinder blocks and what are they made of?

Such material as cinder blocks is made of concrete, to which ash, slag, coal combustion residues, or any other cheap and affordable material is added.

The production technology and composition of cinder blocks is widely known, and many private developers have used it to build their houses. The process of their manufacture consists of several stages:

1. Mixing a concrete mixture of cement, water and any slag suitable for the technology manually or using a mixer or a concrete mixer.

2. Pouring the resulting mixture into a special form for cinder blocks, which can be both with special void formers and without them.

3. Compaction of the poured mass in the mold under the influence of pressure and vibration.

4. Removing the mold from the cinder block to dry it.

As a rule, on simple vibropresses without clamping, the process takes from 60 to 90 seconds, but if you buy a machine for making cinder blocks with a force of several tons and clamping, then the vibrocompression time can be significantly reduced.

5. In order for blocks made of slag to gain strength and be able to be stored and transported, they need to be “aged” for two to four days at natural ambient temperature. For complete hardening of vibro-concrete stones, as cinder blocks are also called, a month is needed, while the ambient temperature should not be lower than +1 ° C and a high level of humidity should be constantly maintained. The higher the ambient temperature, the faster the cinder blocks gain strength.

Block making equipment

If you have a small construction on your own site, then there will be no questions about the equipment. Today, such a practice as equipment rental is quite common. For a moderate fee, you can rent both for a few hours and for a longer period, the necessary devices, thanks to which productivity will be higher, and you won’t have to spend your own physical strength, will remain: a concrete mixer, a vibrating machine and a vibrating sieve.

In the event that the construction volumes are large, it is easier to order a vibro-machine for the production of cinder blocks from the manufacturer or in a special store and purchase it. There are many designs of such devices, but for individual construction and small businesses, the best option would be models of small-sized slag-block vibrating machines, for example, the "Builder's Dream" M310 or such manual machines with lever lifting of forms as 1IKS or MARS.

More powerful and productive, but correspondingly more expensive, are machines with lever clamping and mold lifting, such as Comanche and Dragon. Unlike the M310, MARS and 1IKS, which have a capacity of 200-400 pieces, they can produce up to 600 blocks per day. All machines for the production of building blocks require electricity of 220 watts. The table shows the technical characteristics and prices of the most popular vibrating machines.

From the presented table it can be seen that for a private developer, the most suitable, both in terms of price and performance, will be the M310, 1IKS and MARS machines.

For those who want to organize the production of cinder blocks with their own hands, or are engaged in contract construction, Comanche and Dragon will be more profitable acquisitions. But, before starting such a business of your own, it is imperative to calculate the costs, analyze the needs of the region where it is planned to develop activities, and, only on the basis of all this information, form your own business plan for the production of cinder blocks.

Vibrating machine Dragon, despite the rather high price, has a number of undeniable advantages. First of all - reinforced, in comparison with Comanche, matrix, frame, clamp and wheels. Yes, and it is equipped with a vibrator more powerful - industrial IV-99.

Having chosen the most suitable one for your conditions and financial capabilities, you can order a vibro-machine for the production of cinder blocks both from the manufacturer and in stores. Of course, the manufacturer's price will be lower, but do not forget about the cost of delivery services.

Business plan "Production of cinder blocks"

According to the testimony of experts in the field of economics, one of the most promising areas of commercial activity is the production of building and finishing materials. The demand for these products is not decreasing, which is why starting your own business in the industry associated with the production of any type of building material is a promising and profitable business. So, the direction of activity is defined, it remains to decide only on the specific type of material produced, for example, you can choose the production of cinder blocks. This material is in constant demand both from construction companies and individuals.

The advantage of opening a mini-business for the manufacture of cinder blocks is explained by the fact that it is better to purchase this material in small businesses than in large factories.

Dignity same material are:

• extensive scope (use in the construction of garages, workshops, utility blocks, cottages, houses, etc.);
• good heat and noise insulation properties;
• lower cost compared to other materials (brick or foam block);
• no need to involve masons in the work.

In order to open your own enterprise for the production of cinder blocks, you should draw up a business plan with the calculation of all the required indicators for the economic justification of the feasibility of launching the project, and also take into account in this project all the nuances of doing business in this area of ​​management.

room

A special place in the preparation of a business plan should be attributed to the choice of a suitable premises for future production. In this choice, there are several options:

1. Covered room with a concrete floor, while the floor surface must be flat. To ensure the normal functioning of production, you should make sure that the ventilation and heating systems are in good condition in the room.

   Production of cinder blocks as a profitable own business

   It is better to rent such a room for the first time.

2. Outdoor area, but also equipped with a flat floor. Such a floor can be earthen, asphalted or concreted.

The total area of ​​​​the premises to accommodate the entire production workshop should be at least 100 square meters. meters.

It is recommended to look for a location for the production workshop near cement plants, sand pits, etc. in order to reduce the cost of transporting raw materials to the place of their processing and production of finished cinder blocks.

In addition, it is desirable that the location of production is at a close distance from the points of sale of finished products. All of these measures are aimed at reducing the cost of production and increasing the level of business income.

Raw materials and equipment

In any business plan (including for the production of cinder blocks), special importance is attached to the description of the equipment and the raw materials used.

The key installation in the equipment is the vibrating machine

The key installation in the equipment used is the vibrating machine; it can be involved in production in the form of various modifications.

Main raw materials used in the production of cinder blocks is:

• water;
• filler;
• plasticizing additive;
• cement.

Various materials can be used as a filler, the choice of a specific one depends on the financial capabilities of the businessman, as well as the requirements for the final product of manufacture. Most commonly used fillers are:

1. sand;
2. shavings;
3. crushed stone;
4. expanded clay;
5. gypsum;
6. screenings;
7. sawdust;
8. granulated slag;
9. scrap brick;
10. slag.

In the business plan itself, a detailed recipe for the production of cinder blocks must be provided, with the exact dosages of each type of raw material and additives used. A plasticizing additive must be used without fail, as it increases the strength, frost resistance and water resistance of finished cinder blocks.

Staff

3-4 workers are needed to service the production

In the business plan for opening the production of cinder blocks, issues related to recruitment should be consecrated. To service a mini-production, it is enough to attract 3-4 workers, while their experience of a similar kind is not at all necessary.

It should also be decided in what mode the production workshop will operate, if its continuous work is planned in 2 shifts (for the purpose of greater output and corresponding production profit), then workers should be hired in the amount of 4 people to work 2 people in each shift.

In order for production to function normally, recruited employees can be trained and explained all the responsibilities for ensuring the production process right on the spot.

Marketing program

For the success of the whole business as a whole and to prevent the enterprise from being unprofitable at the initial stage of work, a marketing program must be clearly spelled out in the business plan. It may include various tools, for example, setting a lower retail price for manufactured cinder blocks compared to similar products from other manufacturers at the initial stage of the enterprise. This will increase the competitiveness of your production and attract the attention of more potential buyers.

Finance

At the end of each business plan, a calculation of financial indicators is carried out, reflecting the feasibility of launching a new project or lack of it.

For example, if finished products are sold at an average price of 1700 per 1 cubic meter. meter, then the profit from the sale of this quantity of products will be 5000 - 6000 rubles daily. The result of such activities will be the payback period of the entire project, which will come in approximately 2-3 months.

Expenditure part financial indicators at the initial stage of project implementation include:

1. rent of premises to accommodate production (outside the city) - 40,000 rubles per month;
2. purchase of equipment - 1,800,000 rubles;
3. purchase of primary raw materials - 100,000 rubles;
4. staff salary - 80,000 rubles per month.

After calculating the income and expenditure parts of the business, it can be noted that the net profit on the business project will be about 555,000 rubles per month.

Download business plan for the production of cinder blocks for 350 rubles, from our partners, with a quality guarantee. In the public domain, on the Internet, it is not.
The content of the business plan:
1. Privacy
2. Resume
3. Stages of project implementation
4. Characteristics of the object
5. Marketing plan
6. Technical and economic data of the equipment
7. Financial plan
8. Risk assessment
9. Financial and economic justification of investments
10. Conclusions

Below is a video containing useful tips for starting a business related to the production of cinder blocks

Outcome

Despite the rather tough competitive environment in this industry, the business associated with the production of cinder blocks may well become promising and profitable, and bring a stable profit. To do this, a competent business plan must be drawn up, which in the future must be implemented in compliance with all the nuances of doing business for this industry.

Readers interested in this topic can download a free sample of a business plan for the production of cinder blocks.

It is not difficult to organize a business for the manufacture of cinder blocks: the technology is simple, the raw materials are cheap. However, a careful calculation of profitability is required. This niche cannot be called free, which means that the products must be competitive in quality and price.

 

Cheap wall materials are in demand in the construction of cottages, garages, outbuildings, and sometimes industrial facilities. The production of cinder blocks as a business is attractive due to the simple technology, the cheapness of raw materials and the breadth of the sales market. Currently, not only slag, but other fillers are used for their manufacture. The outdated name is strongly associated with the low-grade building material of the Soviet era, from which it was customary to build mainly cowsheds. Modern blocks have little in common with it, they are often called by the composition of the main components or manufacturing technology.

Raw materials, varieties, certification

In fact, any cinder block is an artificial building stone obtained from concrete mortar. Composition by 80 - 90%: boiler slag, waste from metallurgical production, crushed granite and screenings, broken bricks, sand. Modern environmentally friendly components are becoming increasingly popular: expanded clay (expanded clay), wood concrete (wood pellets, sawdust), polystyrene (porous plastics). Depending on this, a wide variety of names of the finished product arise. The bonding mass is represented by cement, sometimes with the use of plasticizing additives that accelerate the hardening process (Table 1).

When planning the production of cinder blocks, you need to have answers to three main questions:

1. what materials are available for use as filler;
2. what types of stone are in demand in a particular area;
3. what is more profitable to use as an advantage: price or quality of products.

The most interesting thing is that the cinder block is not subject to mandatory certification. Unlike the constituent components: cement, sand, gravel, chemical additives - they must comply with established standards. If desired, the manufacturer can pass it on a voluntary basis in any relevant laboratory. At the same time, the products will be checked for compliance with GOST 6665-91 "Concrete wall stones. Specifications". This will require:

1. certificate of state registration (OGRN, TIN);
2. technical specifications, if any (TU);
3. application and details of the company.

The absence of the guest, on the one hand, unties the hands, and on the other hand, it gives rise to certain problems. Buyers are critical of the unfounded statements of the seller, and the presence of a certificate is a convincing argument when choosing a building material. The use of industrial waste is especially not welcome - such products can hardly be attributed to environmentally friendly materials.

Cinder block production technology

The full cycle of building stone production includes:

• kneading the initial semi-rigid mixture in a mixer or concrete mixer;
• loading concrete into the matrix (with or without a blank former);
• leveling the mixture, sealing corners (for manual loading);
• compaction of the solution using vibration (from 2 to 30 seconds) and pressure;
• molding by lifting the matrix; block remains on the floor or pallet;
• transportation of finished products to the place of final drying.

The rigid solution does not allow the block to crumble after pressing, and lose its shape after drying. The temperature in the working room must be at least 1°C. Solidification to a degree that allows transshipment occurs within 1.5 - 4 days. When adding special plasticizers, it is reduced to several hours. The final ripening is carried out on racks, or on the street, at natural temperature for a month. Humidity should be high, sometimes steaming is used.

Common types of equipment

The principle of operation, as well as the performance, of most mechanical, semi-automatic machines differs little from each other. Rather, when choosing, attention is paid to the reliability of materials, design features, and ease of use. Conventionally, they can be divided into three groups:

• simple mechanical machines using manual labor (popularly known as "zhivopyrki"); with low-power vibrators or without them;
• semi-automatic vibropresses equipped with additional labor-facilitating elements: lifting mechanism, rollback, etc.;
• automatic lines, including forced-action concrete mixers, buckets with dispensers, conveyors, vibropresses in one process.

If we talk about small businesses, then most use machine tools and vibropresses. For example, one of the largest online stores has 175 offers for the sale of equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks. Consider what manufacturers offer.

1 Machine tools with a low power vibrator.

In the total volume of supply, they occupy about half - 80 pieces at a price of up to 50,000 rubles. About 40 models are sold at prices up to 25,000 rubles (RMU-1, Strom-unique, 1X Universal, Mars, M3 K). The principle of operation of "simplified" vibration is that it allows you to give a semi-rigid concrete mass a shape using a matrix.

Most of these devices (Fig. 1) have a capacity of 200 - 1,000 blocks per day. Mixing the mortar, feeding into molds, leveling are done manually. They differ in the power of the electric motor, the number of dies (from 1 to 4 pieces), the design of the lifting mechanism, and the possibility of rolling back the machine. Working on them is hard physical labor, it is difficult to maintain the geometry of products.

Part of the machines with enhanced vibration costing 50,000 - 100,000 rubles can also be attributed to this category (Fig. 2). The number of proposals is about 30. Fundamentally, they do not differ from their low-power counterparts. Usually they have a larger number of matrices (up to 8 pieces), some models have a table, others have wheel mechanisms, and so on.

According to concrete business practitioners, an increase in the number of matrices does not lead to a direct increase in efficiency. Productivity is a relative concept when it comes to manual or semi-mechanized labor. Such machines are more difficult to maintain, they must be operated by at least two people. They practically do not reduce costs, but are more expensive.

2 Semi-automatic hydraulic vibropresses.

This group includes machines, devices costing from 170,000 to 470,000 rubles (Stroy-Profi-4, Sirgis-3, Rifey, Skala 15ML, Mastek-Meteor, Universal). Usually they are designed for the production of 3 - 4 blocks per cycle, the pressure on the concrete mass is 2,000 - 5,000 kg, the pressing time is up to 30 seconds. A significant advantage (in addition to facilitating physical labor) is the high quality of products. Shaping equipment (matrix, punch) provide accurate geometry. Productivity is positioned as 120 - 180 pieces / hour, that is, from 1,000 to 2,000 per shift.

Peculiarities:

1. automatic, semi-automatic control; minimum manual labor;
2. high quality, good geometry of products, different types of block;
3. additional equipment for the production of borders, paving slabs;
4. unloading bunkers, belt conveyors; damping springs;
5. the ability to connect in line with other equipment;
6. production of blocks with a decorative surface: smooth, corrugated, under a stone.

3 Mini-factories for the production of cinder blocks.

The price of automated lines that implement the full production cycle from forced mixing of the initial mass in a concrete mixer, with automatic feeding, pressing and drying (steaming) is from 2 to 5 million rubles. They are distinguished by high productivity, producing up to 400 finished blocks (80 pallets) per hour of work, as a rule, they are equipped with a set of interchangeable modules for the production of other types of concrete products (up to 350 pieces). The set includes forced-action concrete mixers, high-power vibrating presses, vibrating tables, overpasses. Such mini-factories are produced by Mastek LLC and some other manufacturers (Fig. 3).

Investments, payback, profitability

Cinder blocks are small-piece concrete products along with cellular concrete (foam and gas blocks). The main advantage is the low price. A feature is seasonal demand, because construction is preferred to be carried out in the summer. In addition, stone wall materials are not equally in demand by region. Indirectly, the need can be estimated by the distribution of the main competitor - bricks (Fig. 5).

The amount of investment depends on the type of equipment purchased, the availability of filler (mainly local materials), and the cost of cement - this is the most expensive part of the raw material.

For example, let's calculate the cost of costs for 1 cinder block at the prices of the Middle Urals in 2015.

• cement - 9.28 rubles. (3.5 kg);
• screening of granite - 1.12 rubles. (9.3 kg);
• sand - 3.16 rubles. (9.3 kg);
• e / energy - 0.44 rubles;
• salary - 2.18 rubles.

Total: the cost per unit of production is 16.17 rubles. A year ago it was about 12.24 rubles.

For 9 months of 2015, the average cement price increased by 1.9% and amounted to 3,931 rubles/t in October (2,858 rubles for the same period in 2014). And its consumption decreased by 11% (Fig. 6).

The cost of one standard cinder block ranges from 27 to 29 rubles apiece, the expanded clay block is more expensive: 37 to 39 rubles. At first glance, the profitability seems high, but you still need to add the cost of equipment, rental of premises for production and storage.

Other things to consider when planning:

• building materials are characterized by inelastic demand - price reduction has little effect on sales volumes; the buyer prefers quality, as the period of use is long;
• do not rely on the performance parameters of the equipment specified by the manufacturer; in reality, it is usually lower by 15-20%;
• at the beginning of work, time will be spent on selecting the optimal ratio of components, testing the technology - product quality strongly depends on the equipment used and the composition of the mixture.

Summary

Definitely, it is impossible to say whether the manufacture of cinder blocks is profitable or not. In each case, a huge number of local factors must be taken into account: demand, access to cheap (or even free) filler, the number of competitors, labor costs in the region, its organization, delivery costs, product quality. It all depends on what the goal is for the entrepreneur: to earn a living for the family, or to reach a certain business level.

The most difficult thing in this business is to find a niche in the sales market. Business is more successful for those who travel “on the shoulders of the builders” - that is, they begin work with certain guarantees. For those who rely on the end consumer, it is more difficult. Although right now, during the crisis, they began to order services less, to build on their own - more.

The production of cinder blocks today is very profitable. All buildings constructed from them have high sound and heat insulation. It is important that the production of cinder blocks and the use of the equipment necessary for this do not require certification. The profitability of this production is 40-50%.

In the production of blocks, the following components are used: cement, filler, slag, sand and water. A mixture of these components goes through the process of mixing, molding and storage. The approximate weight of one cinder block is 20 kg. Their advantage is that their cost is low, which means that they will be more willing to buy than brick or foam concrete.

Instructions on how to open and what is needed for this

The production of cinder blocks as a business is very profitable in that the entry threshold is much lower than in other production areas. A novice entrepreneur must understand all the nuances of business development and its design.

Stage 1 - registration and preparation of documents

In order to register a business, you need:

• contact the registration department;
• draw up constituent documents;
• write an order to approve a specific person as a director;
• register with the tax authorities, the Pension Fund and statistics authorities.

Stage 2 - finding a room

A very important point is the choice of premises. It should be well heated and ventilated.

The workshop for the production of cinder blocks must be closed on all sides and with a roof. The floor is level so that the cinder blocks can be stored in rows. The area of ​​the rented building must be at least 110 square meters. m. The best location would be the area near the cement plant or sand pit.

Stage 3 - purchase and installation of the necessary equipment

Necessary equipment for the production of cinder blocks:

• concrete mixer (from 60,000 rubles);
• vibrating machine (from 40,000 rubles);
• a wheelbarrow for transporting the finished mixture to the molding machine (from 3,000 rubles);
• shovels (from 1,000 rubles);
• cement (from 200 rubles / bag);
• slag (from 200 rubles).

With the help of a concrete mixer, all components (cement, water and fillers) are mixed. The finished mixture is poured into the molding machine and the machine is turned on for 30 seconds. After the cinder blocks have formed, you can put them on a flat surface in pallets.

Stage 4 - recruitment

At the initial stage, you will need several specialists. One will mix building components, the second will be engaged in the formation of cinder blocks, and the third employee will store and keep records.

While production is developing, an incoming accountant will be required who will submit reports to all state authorities. The entrepreneur himself must engage in advertising and networking.

Stage 5 - promotion and advertising

• attend specialized construction exhibitions;
• organize promotional activities in social networks;
• place an ad on television;
• establish relationships with construction companies and hardware stores;
• print brochures for corporate clients.

Financial plan

Financial planning consists of the following initial cost items:

• purchase of equipment (105 thousand rubles);
• purchase of building components (30 thousand rubles);
• salary for 5 employees per month (50 thousand rubles);
• payment for water supply, electricity per month (20 thousand rubles);
• advertising budget per month (10 thousand rubles);
• rent of premises per month (40 thousand rubles).

Total: 260,000 rubles.

Possible risks

Do not use blast-furnace slag as a base, as it is not environmentally friendly and not frost-resistant. There is a risk that a block of such material will not last long.

It should be borne in mind that competition in this area is high. It is necessary to acquire connections in advance so that it will be easier to establish a marketing policy later.