Presentation geography grade 9 chemical industry. Presentation for a lesson in geography (grade 9) on the topic: Chemical industry - presentation

Presentation

for a geography lesson in grade 9

Performed by a geography teacher MBOU Kerch RK secondary school

No. 1 im. V. Dubinina

Zayarnaya Lyudmila Ivanovna

Grade 9

• Significance and features of the chemical industry.
• Raw materials for the chemical industry.
• Branch composition of the chemical industry.
• Characteristics of the largest branches of the chemical industry.
• The main bases of the chemical industry.
• Consolidation. Practical work.

Chemical industry is one of the central branches of the modern world economy. The main task of the chemical industry is the processing and transformation various kinds raw materials such as oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, other minerals, as well as water, air into a variety of products.

Chemicalization of the national economy - one of the decisive levers for increasing the efficiency of production and the quality of work in all spheres of human activity.

Chemical industry different from most other industries

a number of features:

• opportunity create new materials that do not exist in nature with certain properties, which is in demand in space technology and construction, pharmaceutical, food and light industries;

• has an extensive raw material base (one product can be obtained from different

types of raw materials);

• enables the complex processing of raw materials and obtaining a variety of

products (from one type of raw material you can get different products).

The raw materials for the chemical industry are minerals

(hard and brown coal, oil, rock and potash salts, phosphorites, chalk,

limestone, sulfur and some others). Moreover, in the chemical industry

wastes of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, food and timber processing are used

manufacturing industry.

Limestone

Brown and hard coal

phosphorites

Chemical industry

basic chemistry

chemistry of organic synthesis

mining and chemical

production of alcohols, organic acids

extraction of mining and chemical raw materials

production of acids, salts, alkalis

production of mineral fertilizers

production of synthetic and artificial fibers

production of plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber

production

chlorine, ammonia, soda ash and caustic soda

Fine chemistry: pharmaceuticals (production of medicinal substances and preparations); photochemistry (production of various photographic materials); household chemicals, perfumery

Sulfuric acid production

Sulfuric acid is used:

• in the production of mineral fertilizers;
• as an electrolyte in lead batteries;

• to obtain various mineral acids and salts;
• in the production of chemical fibers, dyes, smoke-forming substances and explosives;
• in the oil, metalworking, textile, leather and other industries.

The largest consumer of sulfuric acid is the production of mineral fertilizers.

For 1 ton of phosphate fertilizers, 2.2-3.4 tons of sulfuric acid are consumed, and for 1 ton of nitrogen fertilizers - 0.75 tons of sulfuric acid. Therefore, they strive to build sulfuric acid plants in conjunction with plants for the production of mineral fertilizers.

Production of mineral fertilizers

phosphate fertilizers

nitrogen fertilizers

potash fertilizers

affect the size and stability of the crop, the efficiency of the use of nitrogen fertilizers

affect growth rate, yield,

affect the root system, crop stability,

Production is located near gas pipelines, at metallurgical plants.

Novomoskovsk, Dorogobuzh

Shchekino, Togliatti

Novgorod, Lipetsk

Magnitogorsk,

Cherepovets Nizhny Tagil

Production post

at the consumer and sulfuric acid plants.

Voskresensk

Produced in areas where raw materials are mined

Solikamsk

Berezniki

Analyze the chart and make a conclusion about consumption different types fertilizers.

Analyze the diagram and draw conclusions about the release of various types of fertilizers in Russia.

The production of synthetic rubber was originally tied to raw materials (alcohol obtained from food raw materials - potatoes, grains) and to the consumer (automotive industry).

Now all plants operate on oil and gas raw materials.

Centers: Yaroslavl, Kazan, Voronezh, Efremov, Krasnoyarsk.

Problem!

Tire production

Structure of Russian production

tires in 2005

Centers:

Nizhnekamsk,

Kirov,

Yaroslavl,

Voronezh,

Omsk.

Production of plastics and synthetic resins

Plastics and synthetic resins are produced in industries that are part of petrochemical plants or nitrogen fertilizer plants.

Centers: Ufa, Tyumen, Kazan, Orekhovo-Zuevo

viscose

acetate

lavsan, nylon, capron, spandex

artificial fibers are obtained by chemical modification of natural materials (cotton, wool)

for the production of synthetic fibers, only synthetic materials are used - polymers

The production of chemical fibers is characterized by high water- And energy intensity .

To produce 1 ton of fibers,

6000 m3 of water and 16-19 tons of standard fuel.

Placement factors: the main centers of the industry gravitate either to the regions textile industry(Central region), or to areas of developed petrochemistry (Volga region).

Major centers:

Tver

Wedge

Saratov

Household chemicals

pharmaceuticals

Perfumery

Photochemistry

North European base

The North European base includes huge reserves of Khibiny apatites, plant (forest), water and fuel and energy resources (oil, gas, coal). The main chemistry is based on the apatite raw materials of the Kola Peninsula - the production of phosphate fertilizers. In the future, organic chemistry will be developed through the processing of local oil and gas resources of the Northern Economic Region.

central base - resource-deficient.

It was formed with a focus on huge consumer demand. Almost the entire chemical industry uses imported resources.

Only phosphate fertilizers are produced here from local raw materials (phosphorites - the Egorovskoye deposit) (Voskresensk).

Produced here:

• chemical fibers (artificial - Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg, Shuya; synthetic

chesky - Kursk; And. and s. - Klin, Serpukhov),

• rubber and tires(Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg);
• plastics(St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk);
• complex fertilizers(Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk),
• nitrogen fertilizers(Shchekino, Lipetsk, Novomoskovsk, Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk),
• phosphate fertilizers(St. Petersburg, Volkhov);
• paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes(St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl,

The central base provides 45% of the products of the chemical industry.

Volga-Ural base is formed on the huge reserves of potash (Solikamsk, Berezniki), table salts of the Urals and the Volga region (Baskunchak Island, Elton), sulfur (Orenburg), oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores, hydropower (Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations) and forest resources.

That is why the complex formed here is the largest in Russia in terms of scale and diversity.

Its main elements are giant chemical complexes - Solekamsko-Bereznikovsky, Ufimsko-Salavatsky, Samara, which produce mineral fertilizers, soda, rubber, and plastics.

share chemical products The Volga-Ural base is more than 40%.

Serious obstacle on the way further development bases - environmental factor.

Siberian base belongs to the category of the most promising.

In terms of reserves and diversity of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas Western Siberia, Glauber, table salts (Usole-Sibirskoe, Burla), coal of Eastern and Western Siberia, hydropower and forest resources, as well as reserves of non-ferrous and ferrous ores.

The petrochemical industry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Earlier, coal-chemical industries were formed (Kemerovo, Cheremkhovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers). The most diverse products (cellulose, paper, fodder yeast, artificial fibers) are produced by the country's largest timber processing enterprises - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk. The production of tires and rubber products from rubber obtained by hydrolysis of wood and oil products (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk).

1. Distribute the chemical industry into groups:

Chemical industry

mining and chemical

basic chemistry

chemistry of organic synthesis

fine chemistry

2. Distribute the same industries by groups of placement factors:

chemical industry

Attraction to the regions:

consumption

extraction of raw materials

Task number 2.

Task number 1.

Factors of location of the most important industries

chemical industry

Chemical industry

Attraction to the regions:

consumption

mining and chemical

extraction and production of raw materials

basic chemistry

sulfuric acid production

mining of potash salts

chemistry of organic synthesis

mining of potash salts

provided with raw materials, water resources and cheap electricity

sulfuric acid production

production of nitrogen fertilizers

fine chemistry

production of chemical fibers

production of chemical fibers

household chemicals

plastics production

photochemistry

production of potash fertilizers

production of plastic products

household chemicals

production of synthetic rubber

production of car tires

pharmaceuticals

pharmaceuticals

plastics production

photochemistry

production of synthetic rubber

Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia.

You got acquainted on the previous slides with the description of chemical bases in Russia.

Group work.

Define:

• What raw material has given base?
• What industries are represented here?
• Major centers of the chemical industry.
• What problems does the base have?

Draw up a diagram of intersectoral relations of the chemical industry.

THANK YOU!!!

This development is designed for students in the ninth grade and is intended for teachers of geography, it may be of interest to parents and everyone who is interested in the problems of their country.

Russian chemical industry

Lesson Objectives:
Educational: to study the features of the chemical industry, to show its importance in the Russian economy, to reveal the features of the location of the chemical industry.
Developing: to develop in students the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, highlight the main, essential in the material being studied, logically express thoughts;
Educational: to educate students in the ability to work in a team, a responsible attitude to the implementation of the tasks received.
Core knowledge and skills: Natural resources, potassium salt, tires, plastics, rubber, apatite, sulfuric acid.
New knowledge: chemical industry, composition, place and importance in national economy, communication with other interbranch complexes. The main factors in the location of enterprises, their change under the influence of scientific and technological revolution.
New skills: Be able to characterize the main bases of the chemical industry using maps and statistical materials.
Teaching methods: reproductive.
Conduct form: combined type of lesson.
Means of education: Map "Chemical industry", collection "Chemical raw materials".

During the classes

Teacher activity(Students activity)
I. Organizing time.
II. Knowledge update.
In the last lesson, we studied the topic " Non-ferrous metallurgy". Let's remember:
What groups are non-ferrous metals divided into?
- What are the main metallurgical bases of heavy non-ferrous metals?
-Where in Russia is the main part of aluminum melted?
- What are the main areas of gold mining in Russia?
III. Learning new material.
-Today at the lesson we will get acquainted with the chemical-forest complex, or rather with the chemical industry. A tutorial and a module (instruction) will help you work on this topic. Listen to teachers. They answer questions.
- Heavy (copper, zinc, lead, tin, nickel); light (aluminum, magnesium, titanium); noble (gold, platinum, silver, etc.); rare earths (zirconium, selenium, germanium)
- Ural - factories in Karabash, Mednogorsk, Revda, Pyshma, etc.
- In Eastern Siberia.

Magadan Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yakutia, Irkutsk Region.
Write the date and topic of the lesson in a notebook.
The class is divided into groups of 4 people, each group receives a module.
Module.
Step #1
- Complete the phrase:
"The chemical-forest complex is composed of _________ industries - ____________ and ____________ industry."
"Leading among them is the _____________ industry."
"Chemization is the widespread use of _________________ and _________ in all economic sectors."
Step #2
- Identify three features of the chemical industry.
Step #3
-Working with the text of the textbook (pp. 145-148 fig. 47, table 33, map of the atlas "Chemical industry"), fill in the table "Chemical industry".
Industry Products Placement factors Centers
1. Mining and chemical.
2. Basic chemistry.
3. Chemistry of organic synthesis.
Step #4
- Write down the main bases of the chemical industry in Russia.
- Working with the map, Fig. 48, p. 149 and the text of the textbook, determine:
What raw materials does this base have?
What industries are represented here?
What problems does the base have?
(Each student works with one chemical base, and then the results are discussed in the group).
Step #5
-Check how you understood the lesson material. To do this, run a test task:
1. The main areas for the production of mineral fertilizers in Russia are:
A) Ural;
B) the Urals and Eastern Siberia;
C) Ural, Eastern Siberia and central Russia;
2. Of the branches of the chemical industry, production is focused on raw materials:
A) potash fertilizers;
B) sulfuric acid;
B) plastics;
3. Of the products of the chemical industry, Russia lags far behind developed countries noted in production:
A) sulfuric acid
B) polymers;
C) mineral fertilizers;
4. Production is more energy and water intensive:
A) plastics, chemical fibers;
B) sulfuric acid and fertilizers;
5. Main production areas polymer materials in Russia is:
A) European North and Central Russia;
B) Central Russia and the Volga region;
C) the Volga region and the European North;
IV. Homework.
Paragraphs 28-29.

Download Summary of the lesson of geography, grade 9. Russian chemical industry

Lesson 33

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Goals:To study the features of the chemical industry. Show its importance in the Russian economy. To reveal the features of the location of the chemical industry. To form the ability to draw up a diagram of intersectoral relations of the chemical industry, analyze the map of the chemical industry.

Equipment:Map "Chemical industry", collection "Chemical raw materials".

During the classes

I.Organizing time

II.Checking homework

Students receive cards with questions (one card per desk). 2 minutes to think about the question. Then, at a fast pace, students respond. If the answer is wrong, the others correct the answer. The first to correct the mistake has the right to a neighbor on the desk.

Questions on cards:

1. Why is there a large center of ferrous metallurgy in Lipetsk?(Lipetsk is located in the area of ​​production iron ore KMA (Kursk magnetic anomaly)).

2. There are no reserves of ore and coking coal near the city of Cherepovets. However, a large Iron and Steel Works full cycle. Why?(Cherepovets is located in the middle between the iron ore deposits of the Kola Peninsula (Kovdor) and Karelia (Kostomuksha) and the coking coals of the Pechora basin, the plant was built on the flows of ore and coal. If the plant was built, the cost of raw materials or fuel would increase, since the salary of workers on North is 2-3 times higher.)

3. Why was an aluminum plant built in Volgograd?(Aluminum production is energy-intensive, therefore it is located near the source of cheap energy - the Volgograd hydroelectric power station.)

4.Specify the main workshops of the ferrous metallurgy plant of the full cycle.(Blast furnace - steelmaking - rolling.)

5. Why do two metallurgical plants operate in Moscow?(These are small metallurgy plants operating on scrap metal and waste machine-building plants Moscow, are focused on the consumer.)

6. Why were non-ferrous metallurgy plants built in Norilsk (above the Arctic Circle)? How are raw materials delivered and finished products shipped from Norilsk?(In Norilsk, copper-nickel production operates on local ore. A railway was laid from Norilsk to the port on the Yenisei - Dudinka. Sending finished products along the Northern Sea Route during the navigation period.)

7. Why are Russia's largest aluminum smelters built in Eastern Siberia in Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk?(aluminum production - energy intensive. How larger plant, the greater the energy consumption. Work in Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk large hydroelectric power plants, the energy of which is cheaper than the energy of small hydroelectric power plants.)

8.Why do the factories of the metallurgical base of the Urals bring coal from Kuzbass and Kazakhstan, and not from the Pechora basin, located much closer to the Urals?(To the Urals from the center of the Pechora basin - Vorkuta has no railway.)

9.Revda, Upper Pyshma, Karabash - these are the centers of what production? Name another example of the center of this industry, located in the same metallurgical base.(These are the centers of the copper industry. An example is the city of Mednogorsk in the Urals, since these are the cities of the Ural metallurgical base.)

10. Specify metallurgical production corresponding industrial center and factors influencing the location of this production.(Norilsk - copper-nickel, raw materials; Stary Oskol - electrometallurgical, near raw materials; Reveda - copper smelter, near raw materials; Shelekhov - aluminum, near the hydroelectric power station; Nadvoitsy - aluminum, at hydroelectric power stations and at raw materials; Novotroitsk - ferrous metallurgy, raw materials.)

III. Learning new material

-The chemical-forest complex consists of two large industries - chemical and forestry (see the next lesson). What unites these industries into one complex is that both of them use natural (mineral and vegetable) raw materials.

The leading role is played by the chemical industry, which is a vanguard industry on a par with energy and mechanical engineering, as it determines the development of the scientific and technological revolution through the chemicalization of the economy.

Exercise:

- The chemical industry is differentoiother industries a number of features. Working independently with the text of the textbook (account D., p. 144; account A., p. 146), identify 3 features of the chemical industry.(I. The chemical industry creates new materials with desired properties that save raw materials and labor of people; 2. The chemical industry has an extensive raw material base (minerals, water, air, wood). One product can be obtained fromdifferentspeciesraw materials;3. Chemicalindustrialization enables the complex processing of raw materials and obtaining a variety of products.)

After discussing the results of this stage of work, the teacher organizes the second stage - determining the factors for the location of enterprises and their geography.

Exercise:

-Working with the text of the textbook (account A., pp. 146-147, map Fig. 43; account D., pp. 145-148, fig. 47, table 33; map of the atlas "Chemical industry"), fill in the table "Chemical industry":

The main bases of the Russian chemical industry:

1. North European

2. Central

3. Ural-Volga

4. Siberian.

Working with the map, fig. 48, p. 149, account. D., and define the text of the textbook:

1. What raw materials does this base have?

2. What industries are represented here?

3. What problems does the base have?

It is necessary to identify bases rich or poor in natural resources; bases with large chemical complexes; the most promising bases, as well as bases with environmental problems.

Work can be given to a group of 4 people. Each student works with one chemical base, and then the results are discussed in the group.

Homework

According to account D.: §28-29;

According to account A.: §32, p. 146-148.

lookahead task

Prepare a report on industrial forests in Russia.

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.

Lesson type: Learning new material.

Lesson Objectives:

• Educational: Describe the chemical industry in Russia. To form an idea of ​​the sectoral composition of the chemical industry and its distribution throughout the country. Describe the bases of the chemical industry.
• Educational: To continue the formation of skills in working with a textbook, with atlas maps, charts and tables, to develop the ability to draw conclusions and generalizations.
• Educational: To form a conviction about the need to respect the environment.

Lesson type: Combined

Teaching methods: partial search, comparison and overlay of atlas maps, cartographic, problematic.

Logistics.

• Map “Chemical industry”, textbook “Geography of Russia.
• Population and Economy” Grade 9 V. P. Dronov V. Ya. Rom, Atlas for Grade 9 “Bustard”, presentation.

During the classes

1. Organizing moment - 1 min.

The teacher greets the class. Attendants mark those who are absent. The teacher recalls the topic “Non-Ferrous Metallurgy”, studied in the previous lesson.

2. Checking homework. – 8 min.

Students receive cards with questions (one card per desk). You have two minutes to think about the question. Then, at a fast pace, students respond. If the answer is wrong, the others correct the answer. The first to correct the mistake is the neighbor on the desk.

(Start polling in two minutes.)

Questions on the cards:

1. Why is there a center of ferrous metallurgy in Lipetsk? (Lipetsk is located in the KMA iron ore mining area).
2. There are no reserves of coking coal and iron ore near the city of Cherepovets. However, a full-cycle metallurgical plant has been built here. Why? Cherepovets is located in the middle between the iron ore deposits of the Kola Peninsula (Kovdor) and Karelia (Kostomuksha) and the coking coals of the Pechora basin. The plant is built on the flows of ore and coal.
3. Why was an aluminum plant built in Volgograd? (Aluminum production is energy-intensive, therefore it is located near the source of cheap energy - the Volgograd hydroelectric power station).
4. Specify the main workshops of the ferrous metallurgy plant of the full cycle. (Blast furnace - steelmaking - rolling).
5. Why were non-ferrous metallurgy plants built in Norilsk (above the Arctic Circle)? How are raw materials delivered and finished products shipped from Norilsk? (In Norilsk, copper-nickel production operates on local ore. From Norilsk to the port on the Yenisei - Dudinka is laid Railway. Sending finished products along the Northern Sea Route during the navigation period).
6. Why are Russia's largest aluminum smelters built in Eastern Siberia in Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk? (Aluminum production is energy intensive. The larger the plant, the greater the energy consumption. In Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk, large hydroelectric power plants operate, the energy of which is cheaper than the energy of small hydroelectric power plants)
7. Why do the factories of the metallurgical base of the Urals bring coal from Kuzbass and Kazakhstan, and not from the Pechora basin, located much closer to the Urals? (There is no railway to the Urals from the center of the Pechora basin - Vorkuta.)
8. Why do two metallurgical plants operate in Moscow? ( These are small-scale metallurgy plants operating on scrap metal and waste from Moscow machine-building plants, oriented towards the consumer.)
9. Revda, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Karabash - these are the centers of what kind of production? Name another example of the center of this industry, located in the same metallurgical base. (These are the centers of the copper industry, an example is the city of Mednogorsk in the Urals, since these are the cities of the Ural metallurgical base.)
10. Specify the metallurgical production corresponding to the industrial center and the factors influencing the location of this production. (Norilsk - copper-nickel, near raw materials; Stary Oskol - electrometallurgical, near raw materials; Revda - copper-smelting, near raw materials; Shelekhov - aluminum, near hydroelectric power stations; Nadvoitsy - aluminum, near hydroelectric power stations and raw materials; Novotroitsk - ferrous metallurgy, for raw materials,)

3. Learning new material. - 24 minutes.

The topic of the lesson is announced. In the notebook we write down the topic of the lesson “Chemical industry”.

Explanation:

The chemical and forestry complex consists of two industries: the chemical and timber industries. (Slide 3.4)

The chemical industry produces a variety of products.

In the production of sulfuric acid, Russia ranks second in the world; in the production of mineral fertilizers - fifth place; in the production of synthetic resins - fourteenth place.

The chemical industry, along with mechanical engineering and the electric power industry, influences the development of scientific and technological revolution through chemicalization.

According to the textbook “Geography. Population and economy” for grade 9 V. P. Dronov and V. Ya. Rom paragraph 7, p. 33 define what chemicalization is?

(Chemization is the widespread use of technologies and chemical materials in all economic sectors.) (slide 5)

The chemical industry has three features that affect the location of enterprises.

Using page 33 of the textbook, list them. (slide 6)

1. Creates new materials that do not exist in nature. They often outperform natural products. Their use saves labor and raw materials. Therefore, chemical industry enterprises are often created in already established areas, centers of production and consumption of traditional structural materials (machine-building centers and metallurgical bases).
2. The chemical industry has an almost unlimited raw material base: oil, gas, wood, water, air, etc. At the same time, the same product can be obtained from different types of raw materials. For example, nitrogen fertilizers can be produced based on coal coking, water electrolysis, oil and natural gas processing. Therefore, theoretically, chemical industry enterprises can be created everywhere. But today the main chemical raw materials are products of oil and gas processing, i.e., specially prepared raw materials. As a result, modern chemistry gravitates to the areas of extraction and processing of these types of raw materials (the Volga region, the European Center).
3. Chemical technologies are very diverse. It opens opportunities for complex processing of raw materials.

In a notebook, students write down the main features of the chemical industry. (slide 7)

In the chemical industry and, in its interaction with

other industries widely developed combination. It contributes to the formation of various plants: chemical, petrochemical, coke-chemical, wood-chemical, etc.

Several features of the chemical industry limit its potential ubiquity. These include the high energy and water intensity of many of its industries, especially modern ones. In recent years, the influence of the environmental factor has been growing, since most of the chemical industries are a strong environmental pollutant.

4. Relax (exercises for the eyes) - 1 minute (slide 8)

Write in your notebook:

Branch composition and location factors of the chemical industry.

1. Using fig. 9 “Composition of the chemical industry in Russia” on page 35, determine the sectoral composition of the chemical industry. What products does each of these industries produce?
2. Using table 6 “Location factors for the most important chemical industries”, p. 36, determine the location factors for these industries. (slide 9-10)

Make a table

Industry composition	Products	Placement factors
Mining and chemical	Extraction of salts, phosphorites, apatites.	At the places of extraction of raw materials.
Basic chemistry	Acids, alkalis, salts, fertilizers.	The raw material and the consumer.
Chemistry of organic synthesis	organic acids and alcohols.	Raw material
Chemistry of polymers	Synthetic rubber, chemical fibers, plastics and synthetic resins.	Raw materials, water, cheap energy.
Polymer recycling	Plastic products, tires, rubber products.	At the consumer.

bases of the chemical industry. (slide 11)

There are 4 chemical industry bases in Russia:

1. North European

2. Central

3. Ural-Volga

4. Siberian

5. Consolidation of the studied material - 7 min (slide 12-13)

Smash the cities

A) Cherepovets,

B) Kemerovo,

B) Angarsk,

D) Lipetsk,

D) Solikamsk,

E) Bryansk,

G) Dzerzhinsk,

H) Tolyatti,

I) Voskresensk,

K) Veliky Novgorod

On groups depending on their production of mineral fertilizers:

1. complex

2. nitrogen

3. potash

4. phosphorus

Please note that some cities may be assigned to more than one group.

After 2-3 minutes of preparation, those who wish are invited to the board (to the map) to complete the task.

2. b, c, d, g, k

6. Lesson summary - 2 min

Grades are given for the work in the lesson to the most active students.

7. Homework - 2 min. (slide 14)

Homework is given differentially:

1. For the main group of students - Make a table “The largest chemical companies in Russia” (Annex 1), item 7
2. For students with reduced learning opportunities - paragraph 7 of the textbook by V.P. Dronov, I.I. Barinova, V.Ya. Roma, A.A. Lobzhanidze “Geography of Russia”, M., Bustard, 2011

In this lesson, everyone will be able to study the topic “Chemical complex. Geography of the chemical industry. We will consider the history of the formation of the branch structure of the chemical industry in the 20th century. Then we will discuss the main components of the chemical complex in Russia and study the geography of the chemical industry in our country.

Subject: general characteristics economy of Russia

Lesson: Chemical complex. Geography of the chemical industry

The twentieth century can be called the century of the chemical industry, it was in the twentieth century that the main industries appeared, the technologies that are now called the chemical industry were formed.

Chemicalization- widespread use of chemical technologies and metals in all sectors of the economy

In the 20th century, the sectoral structure of the chemical industry was also formed. The chemical industry includes a large number of industries, so they are usually combined into large groups:

1. Mining and chemical - extraction of sulfur, potash and table salt, And apatites.

2. Basic, or inorganic chemistry - the production of acids, salts, alkalis and mineral fertilizers.

3. Chemistry of organic synthesis - production of organic acids and alcohols.

4. Chemistry of polymeric materials - production of synthetic resins, plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers.

5. Processing of polymeric materials - production of plastic products, tires, rubber products.

6. Manufacture of varnishes and paints, detergents, means of protection of plants and animals.

The main base of the chemical industry is Central. Here, all production works on imported raw materials. There is a shortage of energy and water resources. But there is a large and diverse consumer. Phosphate fertilizers are produced on the territory of the base (Voskresensk), complex fertilizers (Moscow and Tula regions). The central base specializes in the production of polymeric materials and their processing. Large centers - Yaroslavl and St. Petersburg. Large trunk oil pipelines pass through the territory of the Central Chemical Base. Large oil refineries are located here (Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Kstovo, Yoshkar-Ola). The central base is a kind of testing ground for testing new materials and creating new technologies.

Rice. 1. Central chemical base

The second base is the Ural-Povolzhskaya. It has a favorable geographical position, its own reserves of resources, rich water resources and hydropower resources of the Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations. A large number of chemical enterprises are located here. Of these, there are three largest complexes: Solikamsk-Bereznikovsky, Ufimsko-Salavatsky, Saratov. In Solikamsk and Berezniki, on the basis of the extraction of potash and common salt, Russia's largest production of mineral fertilizers was formed. Using own resources and imported in Ufa and Salavat, as well as in Sterlitamak, there are enterprises for the production of nitrogen fertilizers, synthetic resins and plastics, synthetic rubber, which use the capabilities of the oil refining industry. The Saratov complex includes factories in Samara, Togliatti, Novokuibyshevsk. Using the resources of oil refining, organic synthesis raw materials are produced here, as well as synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, plastics and nitrogen fertilizers.

Rice. 2. Ural-Volga chemical base

The Siberian base occupies the 3rd place in Russia in terms of the share of manufactured products. In terms of reserves of raw materials, water and hydropower resources, the Siberian base surpasses the Ural-Volga region. The Siberian base was formed on petrochemical industry Tobolsk, Tomsk, Angarsk, Omsk. The coal chemical industry is located in Cheremkhovo and Kemerovo. Polymer chemistry is located in Krasnoyarsk and Barnaul. Salt production in Usolye-Sibirsky. The combination of raw materials, water and energy factors create conditions for the further development of the Siberian base.

Rice. 3. Siberian Chemical Base

The North European base provides only 3% of the total Russian production, has large reserves of chemical raw materials: coal, oil, natural gas and apatite.

In addition, it has an advantageous geographical position, well supplied with water and energy. The leading industry here is the mining and chemical industry. North European base specializes in apatite mining (Kirovsk), production of apatite concentrate which are used for the production of phosphate fertilizers. There are ample opportunities for the chemistry of organic synthesis.

Rice. 5. North European chemical base

1. V.P. Dronov, V.Ya. Rum. Geography of Russia: population and economy. Grade 9
2. V.P. Dronov, I.I. Barinova, V.Ya. Rom, A.A. Lobzhanidze. Geography of Russia: economy and geographical areas. Grade 9

1. Youtube.com(). The impact of the chemical industry on the environment
2. Single collection of digital educational resources(). Russian chemical industry