Presentation on the topic of the metallurgical complex non-ferrous metallurgy. Presentation "ferrous metallurgy"

Metallurgical complex. Ferrous metallurgy. Compiled by a geography teacher MOBU SOSH LGO p. Ruzhino Mazur E.V.

The purpose of the lesson : to form an idea of ​​students about the metallurgical complex of Russia.

Tasks:

To acquaint students with the structure of the metallurgical complex of the country.

To form knowledge about metallurgical bases, types of metallurgical enterprises and factors of their location.

Continue the formation of the ability to characterize an object using atlas maps.

The composition of the complex

Metallurgical complex

Ferrous metallurgy

Non-ferrous metallurgy (10%)

Production of iron

and its alloys

Production of light metals ( Al, Ti, Mg)

Production of heavy metals ( Cu, Zn, Pb)

Production of noble metals ( Ag, Au)

Production of alloying metals ( W, Mo, Vn)

Metallurgical complex - a set of industries that produce a variety of metals.

Ferrous metallurgy production

Rolled products production

steel melting

Mining iron ore

Obog-

schenie

ores

Cast iron smelting

The basis of ferrous metallurgy

(full cycle plant)

Blast shop

steel shop

rolling shop

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises: 1. Full cycle metallurgical plants (combines) 2. Convertible metallurgical plants 3. Small metallurgical plants

Features of the metallurgical complex

1. Metallurgical plants of a full cycle placed at raw materials or at fuel or on streams of ore and fuel

2. Converting plants and small metallurgy plants focus on scrap metal (waste machine-building plants), so they are placed in major cities focusing on the consumer.

3. Steel plant - this is a water-intensive enterprise, therefore it is built near a large river, lake or pond.

4. Metallurgy - "dirty" industry, so you can not build several metallurgical plants in one city.

5. Steel plant can't work without railway, because the flows of raw materials and fuel are very huge.

The accumulation of smelters that use a common ore or fuel base and produce the country's base metal is called metallurgical base. There are 3 main metallurgical bases in Russia: 1. Ural 2. Central 3. Siberian

• Specify the sources of raw materials and fuel for ferrous metallurgy.
• Specify the largest metallurgical centers of ferrous metallurgy.
• Draw conclusions about the features of each base.

Central base - 44%

Raw material - ores of KMA, Kola Peninsula.

Fuel - coking coal of the Pechora basin, Donbass.

Centers:

• Tula (full cycle)
• Lipetsk (half cycle)
• Moscow (peredelnayaM)
• Elektrostal (before)
• Stary Oskol (electrometallurgy)
• Cherepovets (full cycle)

Ural base - 42%

(oldest)

Raw material – ores of the Urals, KMA, Kazakhstan

Fuel – Kuzbass coal

Centers:

• Nizhny Tagil
• Chelyabinsk
• Magnitogorsk
• Novotroitsk

Siberian base - 13%

Raw material - ores of Gornaya Shoria, Khakassia, Angaro-Ilim deposits

Fuel - Kuzbass coal

Centers:

• Novokuznetsk (full cycle)
• Novosibirsk (before)
• Krasnoyarsk (before)
• Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky

• What industries are included in the metallurgical complex?
• Name the metallurgical bases of Russia.
• Designate connections on raw materials and fuel.
• List the features of metallurgy.
• What types of metallurgical enterprises are there in Russia?
• What are the prospects for the development of the industry?

Homework: § 10, mark 3 metallurgical bases on the contour map, indicate deposits of ore, coal and large metallurgical plants.

We start the topic with a problem. during the lesson we solve the problem. Acquaintance with the branches of metallurgy: ferrous and non-ferrous. The composition and importance of the industry. Practical work: identify the centers of metallurgical plants. Concepts - Iron and Steel Works, metallurgical base. Industry problems and development prospects.

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Metallurgical complex Set of enterprises for the extraction of ores and the manufacture of metals 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

The problem is waiting for your solution. To ensure the supply of oil and gas to Europe, more than 100 million tons of large-diameter steel pipes were laid in Russia, which form the basis of a unique pipeline system. Most of these pipes have been in operation since the 70s of the last century, when 2-3 million tons of large diameter pipes were purchased in Europe and Japan. The service life of these pipes is 30 years and is already coming to an end. We have to replace these pipes on the same scale. It is today that Russia has a chance to correct the paradoxical situation when the world's largest consumer of large-diameter pipes and at the same time one of the world's leaders in steel production does not have a modern pipe production. There was a need to build a plant for the production of large diameter pipes. Where is it more convenient and profitable for us to build it? 04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Aims and objectives of the lesson: To study the structure and significance of metallurgy. Get to know the features ferrous metallurgy. Give definitions of the concepts "combine", "metallurgical base". Describe the metallurgical bases Consider the problems of the industry. Propose a site for the construction of a plant for the production of pipes 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

METALLURGICAL COMPLEX FERROUS METALLURGY NON-FERROUS METALLURGY 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Industry value. Raw materials for mechanical engineering Structural materials Consumer goods 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

CHM GAS INDUSTRY NON-FERROUS METALLURGY COKE-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONSTRUCTION POWER INDUSTRY MINING INDUSTRY GAS FERROALLOYS RAW MATERIALS. LIME REFRACTORIES COKE ENERGY 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Production of the main types of iron and steel products (in million tons) products 1970 1980 1990 2009 Iron ore 66 92 107 73 pig iron 42 55 60 35 steel 64 84 90 44 Rolled products (pipes) 7 4 12 3 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Technological chain. 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna Iron ore mining Ore beneficiation (at mining and processing plants) Cast iron smelting (in blast furnaces) Steel smelting (in steel-smelting furnaces) Production of rolled products (sheets, rails, angles, pipes, etc.)

placement factors. The location of metallurgical enterprises is influenced by: Raw material Fuel Consumer Water Transport Environmental factors. A metallurgical plant is a water-intensive enterprise, therefore it is built near a large river, lake or pond. A metallurgical plant cannot work without a railway, because the flow of raw materials and fuel is very huge. Metallurgy is a "dirty" industry, so you cannot build several metallurgical plants in one city. It is impossible to exceed the "environmental ceiling", this will adversely affect the health of the population 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna Types and centers of enterprises. Type of enterprise, its features Placement factors CENTERS Full-cycle plants, combines (iron-steel-rolled products) Raw materials and fuel account for 85-90% of all costs, of which 50% - for coke, 35-40% - for iron ore 1. Near iron ore deposits 2. Near fuel sources 3. Between the areas of extraction of raw materials and fuel (for freight traffic) Steel-smelting and steel-rolling plants (convertible metallurgy) 1. At sources of secondary raw materials in large machine-building centers (on waste from machine-building plants and scrap metal) 2. At the consumer Small metallurgy (rolled steel) At sources of secondary raw materials Electrometallurgy ENERGY Work with the atlas. P.13, Determine the centers of steel plants.

Type of enterprise, its features Placement factors CENTERS Full-cycle plants, combines (iron-steel-rolled products) Raw materials and fuel account for 85-90% of all costs, of which 50% - for coke, 35-40% - for iron ore 1. Near iron ore deposits 2. At fuel sources 3. Between the areas of extraction of raw materials and fuel (for freight traffic) Lipetsk, Serov, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsk Novokuznetsk (Kuznetsk Combine and West Siberian Plant) Cherepovets Steel-smelting and steel-rolling plants (converting metallurgy) 1. At sources of secondary raw materials in large machine-building centers (on the waste of machine-building plants and scrap metal) 2. At the consumer Moscow, Elektrostal, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasny Sulin, Taganrog, Volgograd Komsomolsk-on-Amur Small metallurgy (rolled steel) At sources of secondary raw materials Foundry shops of large machine-building plants Electrometallurgy ENERGY Stary Oskol Types and centers of enterprises.

Iron and Steel Works. A plant is an enterprise where, in addition to metallurgical production there are productions of other industries related to the main technologically and economically 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Metallurgical bases A metallurgical base is a cluster of metallurgical plants that use a common ore and fuel base and produce the country's main metal 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Metallurgical bases Textbook, page 28, atlas, page 13 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Metallurgical bases. Base name Raw materials Fuel Large centers Central Urals Siberian Far Eastern KMA, ores of the Kola Peninsula Own deposits, KMA, From Kazakhstan Tashtagol, Temirtau, Korshunovskoe Taiga

Metallurgical bases Name of the base Raw materials Fuel Large centers Central KMA, ores of the Kola Peninsula Donbass, Pechersk basin Kuzbass Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Stary Oskol, Tula Zpektrostal Uralskaya Own deposits, KMA, From Kazakhstan Kuzbass, from Kazakhstan Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsk, Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Serov Sibirskaya Tashtagol, Temirtau, Korshunovskoye Kuzbass Novokuznetsk, Krasnoyarsk, Belovo Far Eastern Taiga Chulman Komsamolsk-on-Amur 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Industry problems. Metallurgical bases are the largest polluters environment. They account for 20% of all industrial emissions into the atmosphere and Wastewater. 04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Development prospects. 04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

The problem is waiting for your solution. To ensure the supply of oil and gas to Europe, more than 100 million tons of large-diameter steel pipes were laid in Russia, which form the basis of a unique pipeline system. Most of these pipes have been in operation since the 70s of the last century. The service life of these pipes is 30 years and is already coming to an end. We have to replace these pipes on the same scale. It is today that Russia has a chance to correct the paradoxical situation when the world's largest consumer of large-diameter pipes and at the same time one of the world's leaders in steel production does not have a modern pipe production. There was a need to build a plant for the production of large diameter pipes. Where is it more convenient and profitable for us to build it? 04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Non-ferrous metallurgy Types of production of non-ferrous metals: 1. Extraction of non-ferrous metal ores, as well as ore dressing. 2. Smelting of non-ferrous metals and alloys. Types of non-ferrous metals: 1. Heavy (these metals include zinc, copper, lead, tin, nickel). 2. Light (this group includes aluminum, titanium, magnesium). Placement factors 1. Natural-geological factor (proximity to resource bases). 2. Economic factor (proximity to sources of fuel and electricity). 04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Non-ferrous metallurgy Non-ferrous metallurgy produces metals that have the properties of heat resistance, electrical conductivity, etc. These metals are used in the space (titanium) and nuclear (uranium) industries, electrical engineering (copper, silver, gold), etc. Russia is rich in non-ferrous metal ores. Of the world reserves in Russia is: 11% of copper reserves; 12% of lead reserves; 16% zinc reserves; 21% cobalt reserves; 27% of tin reserves; 31% of nickel reserves. 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Geography of gold mining The main gold mining in Russia is carried out in Eastern Siberia and Far East. 1st place - Magadan region (29 tons per year) 2nd place - Krasnoyarsk region (18 tons per year) 3rd place - Yakutia (13 tons per year) 4th place - Irkutsk region (12 tons per year) ) 28.04.17

04/28/17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Problems and prospects of non-ferrous metallurgy Depletion of copper and aluminum deposits Absence large deposits manganese, chromium, titanium Expensive due to the monopolies of giant factories. Prices are higher than world prices by 20-40%. Ecological problems. Metallurgy is a dirty industry. The use of new ore mining technologies that allow less pollution of the environment. Creation of automated mini-factories that work on scrap metal, saving Natural resources country problems prospects 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

Emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by industries. % Industry sectors Emissions of harmful substances Industry as a whole 100% Power industry 29% Fuel industry 21% Ferrous metallurgy 15% Non-ferrous metallurgy 22% Chemistry and petrochemistry 3% Mechanical engineering 3% Timber industry 3% Other 4% 28.04.17 Bogutskaya Galina Sergeevna

• form an idea of ​​the metallurgical complex;
• learn to establish links between technical and economic features and factors of location of enterprises in the industry

Industry products -

foundation for the development of other industries.

Manufacture of iron and steel.

In terms of the production of ferrous metals, Russia ranks

4th place in the world.

Huge amounts of raw materials needed

iron ore

manganese ore

coking coal

Huge volumes of water needed

A large amount of waste

"dirty" production.

production concentration.

Very large volume of raw materials used

Large numbers

workers

A large number of

manufactured products

combination

production.

Converting plants

metallurgy

Enterprises

with electrometallurgical

production

There is no stage of iron smelting;

scrap metal can serve as raw material

or cast iron produced

at other enterprises

In electric furnaces without the use

coal, bypassing the stage of iron smelting,

smelt steel

IRON - most common chemical element

• The share of iron in the earth's crust - 4%
• Melting point - 1540˚С
• Properties: plasticity, magnetism

IRON ALLOYS

CAST IRON STEEL

Fe+C Fe+C

(C from 2 to 6.5%) (C to 2%)

The location of metallurgical enterprises is affected by:

• Raw material
• fuel
• Consumer
• Water
• Transport
• Ecological

ENTERPRISE TYPE

Complete cycle plants

ACCOMMODATION FACTOR

1. Raw materials (near iron ore deposits or

at fuel sources)

2. Transport (between the areas of extraction of raw materials and fuel)

Converting metallurgy plants

CENTERS

Lipetsk, Serov, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsk, Novokuznetsk, Cherepovets

1. Raw materials (from sources of secondary raw materials in large machine-building centers)

2. Consumer

Small metallurgy (rolled steel)

Raw materials (from sources of secondary raw materials)

Electrometallurgy

Moscow, Elektrostal, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasny Sulin, Taganrog, Volgograd,

Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Foundry shops of large machine-building plants

Energy

Stary Oskol

Kosogorsky

Iron and Steel Works

Novotulsky

Iron and Steel Works

1. Japan Russia Ukraine Germany Belgium, Luxembourg France South Korea Brazil Italy Turkey 11 Largest steel importers (million tons) Largest steel exporters (million tons) 1. China USA Germany Italy South Korea France 15 7. Belgium, Luxembourg Spain Taiwan Thailand 9

STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALLURGY Mining and processing of ore materials Mining and processing of non-metallic materials Production of iron Production of steel Production of rolled products Production of pipes Ferrous metallurgy Production of hardware Production of ferroalloys Production of refractories Production of coke Production of a number of types chemical products Procurement and processing of scrap and waste of ferrous metals

FACTORS OF PLACEMENT OF FULL CYCLE ENTERPRISES Orientation to iron ore deposits Orientation to coking coal deposits Transport Water Consumer Ecological Ferrous metallurgy is characterized by:

Concentration of production - the production of most of the metal per large enterprises Combination of production - combining all stages of metallurgical production Ore mining Ore beneficiation Iron production Steel production Rolled products production

The Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) is the most powerful iron ore basin in the world. The largest region in the world in terms of iron reserves, in terms of explored reserves of rich ores (about 30 billion tons), is second only to the promising Bolivian El Mutun (about 40 billion tons). It is located within the Kursk, Belgorod and Oryol regions. At present, the boundaries of the strike of iron ore deposits of the KMA cover an area of ​​over 160 thousand km², covering the territories of nine regions of the Center and South of the country. Prospective reserves of rich iron ores and ferruginous quartzites of the unique basin amount to billions of tons.

Lebedinskoye (Gubkinsky district of the Belgorod region) Mikhailovskoye (Zheleznogorsk district of the Kursk region) Stoilenskoye (Starooskolsky district of the Belgorod region) Korobkovskoye (Gubkinsky district of the Belgorod region) Yakovlevskoye (Yakovlevsky district of the Belgorod region) Bolshetroitskoye (Shebekinsky district of the Belgorod region) Pogrometskoye (Volokonovsky district of the Belgorod region) Novoyaltinskoye (Dmitrovsky district of the Oryol region)

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Metallurgical complex.

Ferrous metallurgy.

“Iron is not only the basis of the whole world, the most important metal of the nature around us, it is the basis of culture and industry, it is an instrument of war and peaceful labor. And it is difficult to find another element in the entire periodic table that would be so connected with the past, present and future destinies of mankind.

A.E. Fersman

RMO Geography Teachers

Rzhevsky district (open lesson).

Performed:

geography teacher

Grechkina M.A.

Checking homework

a) through the Suez Canal from the Persian Gulf to Europe; b) along the coast of Africa from the Persian Gulf to Europe; c) from Indonesia to Japan; d) from Venezuela to the USA;

a) Denmark, Norway, Italy, Great Britain; b) France, Portugal, Switzerland; c) Finland, Sweden, Belgium, Greece;

a) Saudi Arabia; b) Russia; in USA; d) Iran;

1. Which of the American states is part of OPEC?

a) USA; b) Mexico; c) Brazil; d) Panama; e) Venezuela; e) Chile

2. How many countries are members of OPEC?

a) 5; b) 7; at 10 o'clock; d) 12; e) 15;

3.Where is the headquarters of OPEC?

a) Istanbul b) Vienna; c) Warsaw; d) Brussels; e) London;

4. Most of the oil is produced:

a) in developed countries Europe; b) in the developing countries of Asia; c) in the developing countries of Africa; d) in the developing countries of Latin America;

5. Which way are the largest oil tankers going?

a) through the Suez Canal from the Persian Gulf to Europe; b) along the coast of Africa from the Persian Gulf to Europe; c) from Indonesia to Japan; d) from Venezuela to the USA;

6. Select the leading oil producing countries in Africa:

a) Nigeria; b) Algeria; c) Libya; d) Egypt; e) South Africa; f) Angola; g) Zambia; h) Morocco

7. In Europe, the countries producing oil are:

a) Denmark, Norway, Italy, Great Britain; b) France, Portugal, Switzerland; c) Finland, Sweden, Belgium, Greece

8. Arrange the countries in descending order of their proven oil reserves:

a) Saudi Arabia; d) Iran; b) Russia; in USA;

Ferrous metallurgy

Technological features

Placement factors

Geography of the industry

Industry Development Trends

Ferrous metallurgy is an industry that produces steel, cast iron and iron alloys.

iron ore

Technological process

Includes: ore mining, beneficiation, smelting, rolling and production of ferroalloys.

Products

• Iron ore
• Coking
• Manganese,

alloying ores

metals

• Cast iron
• Steel
• alloyed

Cast iron- an alloy of iron and carbon,

(Si, Mn, S, P), and sometimes alloying

elements (Cr, Ni, V). It is smelted from iron ore in blast furnaces.

Steel- malleable alloy of iron

carbon (up to 2%) and others

elements. Get chief

way from a mixture of cast iron with scrap steel in oxygen-converter and electric furnaces.

Alloy steel- alloy.

For the betrayal of iron alloys

certain physical or

mechanical properties in the composition of conventional

steel grades introduce alloying elements - Cr, Ni, V, Mo, W, T.

Benelux

Political, economic and customs union in Western Europe, which includes three monarchies: Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Smelting methods

Oxygen converter

Electrometallurgy

Domain

open-hearth furnaces

Oxygen converter process

The main method of redistribution of liquid iron into steel by blowing commercially pure oxygen in the converter

Electrometallurgy -

methods for obtaining metals based on electrolysis,

i.e., the release of metals from solutions or melts of their compounds when a direct electric current is passed through them

Geography of the industry

Essence domain process

consists in the reduction of iron from its oxides present in the ore; slagging of waste rock and carburization of reduced iron to cast iron

Placement factors

• raw materials (proximity to ore deposits);
• fuel (availability of a source of coking coal);
• transport (especially important for enterprises operating on imported raw materials, far from sources of ore and coal);
• environmental (ferrous metallurgy, especially outdated and using the blast furnace process, are among the most "dirty" industries);
• consumer (the presence of a steel consumer - large machine-building centers).

The impact of scientific and technological revolution on ferrous metallurgy

Types of metallurgical bases

Using the map of the world ferrous metallurgy in the atlas, select three or four examples of regions and centers that focus on:

• stock combination hard coal and iron ore;
• coal reserves;

3) iron ore reserves;

4) cargo flows of coal and ore.

In a notebook

Industry Development Trends

• Using the method of continuous casting of steel, out-of-furnace metallurgy (domainless), microalloying.
• Creation of mini-factories. There are many such factories in the USA, Japan, Italy, Spain, Mexico, Brazil.
• In the global smelting of ferrous metals, the share of developing countries is increasing and, at the same time, the share of developed countries is decreasing.
• In developed countries great importance acquires the use of secondary raw materials (steel scrap).
• Creation of large steel monopolies (TNCs).

The leaders are ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel1, Baosteel Group.

Organizations associated with ferrous metallurgy

The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) is an integration grouping of 12 EU member states. It controls almost all coal mining, over 90% of iron and steel smelting, about 50% of iron ore mining in Western Europe. Headquarters in Brussels.

Large metallurgical companies peace

"KRUPP" - metallurgical and engineering concern of Germany

Founded: 1811

Sales volume: $8.4 billion

Number of employees: 63 thousand people

LTV is a US company established as electronic firm, in 1974 and 1984 acquired steel companies

Founded: 1958

Sales volume: $7.5 billion

Number of employees: 43.7 thousand people

"MANNESMAN" - pipe-rolling and engineering concern of Germany

Founded: 1890

Sales: $11.6 billion

Number of employees: 122 thousand people

NIPPON STEEL is a Japanese steel company

Founded: 1970

Sales volume: $17.1 billion

Number of employees: 67.8 thousand people

Ferrous metallurgy is the basic industry.

Raw materials and fuel factors play an important role in the location of metallurgical enterprises.

The industry is characterized by a high concentration of production and combination.

Solution of economic, environmental and social problems industry is associated with the modernization of production, increasing the volume and quality of products that are competitive in the domestic and foreign market. These are additional jobs and a reduction in the tension of the environmental situation.

Exercise 1: Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, fill in the table " Comparative characteristics Atlantic metallurgical base of the USA and Ruhr Germany"

Practical work

Practical work

On the contour map

On a contour map, show the main "coal" and "iron" bridges and give examples of steel plants that gravitate towards them.

Homework

Based on the text of the textbook, tables, figures, maps of the atlas, give a detailed description of the world iron and steel industry.

• The importance of the industry in the world economy, its sectoral composition, the impact of scientific and technological revolution on its development.
• Dimensions of production with distribution by main geographic regions.
• main producing countries.
• Exporting and importing countries.
• Conservation and ecological problems arising from the development of the industry.
• Prospects for the development and location of the industry.