Characteristics and composition of the oil industry of the world. The largest oil refineries in Russia JSC "TNK-BP Holding"

In Russia, oil production is carried out by 9 large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs) (Fig. 1). As well as about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. VIOCs account for about 90% of all oil production. Approximately 2.5% of oil is produced by the largest Russian gas company Gazprom. And the rest is produced by independent mining companies.

Vertical integration in the oil business is the integration of various links in the technological chain of production and processing of hydrocarbons (“from a well to a gas station”):

· Exploration of oil reserves, drilling and development of deposits;

oil production and transportation;

· oil refining and transportation of oil products;

sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Figure 1 - Oil production by companies and concentration of production in the oil industry in Russia in 2010

Table 1 — Production of oil and gas condensate by the largest oil companies in Russia, million tons

Rosneft.

It is the leader of the Russian oil industry. The capitalization of the company is about 94 billion dollars (April 2011). Rosneft's proven reserves as of December 31, 2010 amounted to 22.765 billion barrels. oil equivalent. In terms of oil production, the company not only leads in Russia, but according to the results of January-September 2011, having overtaken the American ExxonMobil, it also became the world leader (88.6 million tons of oil were produced).

If we talk about the main performance indicators of the company for 2011, we should note a noticeable overfulfillment of the business plan in a number of important areas:

— oil and gas condensate production amounted to 122.5 million tons (2.5% higher than in 2010);

— refining volume at refineries increased by 14.7% to 57.9 million tons;

— the license package for the year increased by 21 licenses;

— the total amount of capital investments amounted to 420 billion rubles. In the next 2-3 years, Rosneft can send a record 3-4 billion dollars a year to oil refining;

— net profit amounted to about 393.6 billion rubles. (+14.7% by 2010), etc.

Experts call an increase in oil production (first of all, the new Vankor field, just last year the field reached the planned production level of 15 million tons) and oil refining, an increase in the cost of "black gold", advantages in obtaining licenses for strategic fields (as state company). In addition, the company works closely with the Chinese, and at the very end of last summer it reached an agreement on strategic cooperation with ExxonMobil on the Russian Arctic shelf. It is planned that ExxonMobil will initially bear the cost of exploration (2-4 billion dollars). Rosneft will also be able to enter ExxonMobil projects, including those in the Gulf of Mexico and Texas, thus becoming the first Russian company to produce oil in the United States. Finally, the Ministry of Economic Development proposed to privatize up to 15% of Rosneft in 2012.

If we talk about the problematic aspects of the company in the past year, it should be noted:

- significant dependence on the work of one Yuganskneftegaz, and on the production of its largest field - Priobskoye (it provides about ¼ of the entire production of Rosneft);

— the company's key fields have already entered the stage of declining production;

- serious problems with the modernization of the refinery. Although Rosneft is the leader among companies in terms of the amount of money invested;

— unclear prospects for the shelf of the northern seas. Exploration work in the region can take up to 7 years;

An old rival of Rosneft. The company's market capitalization is almost $58 billion (April 2011). Its share in global oil reserves is about 1.1%, and in global production - about 2.3%. LUKOIL accounts for 18.6% of Russia's total oil production and 18.9% of Russia's oil refining. As of January 1, 2011, LUKOIL was the 3rd private oil company in the world in terms of proven hydrocarbon reserves (according to the company itself) - 17.255 billion barrels. oil equivalent.

Last year, LUKOIL continued to live according to the formula - production is declining, profits are growing:

— revenue for 9 months of 2011 increased by 29.9% compared to the same period last year and amounted to 99,101 million dollars;

— net profit increased by 32.1% to $9,012 million;

— net profitability was 9.1%.

Height financial indicators LUKOIL last year is explained by an extremely banal thing - an increase in world oil prices.

Experts draw attention to the stagnation of the production indicators of this company:

- oil production in January-September 2011 fell by 5.5% - to 68,290 thousand tons, investors are seriously alarmed by the fact that management fails to stabilize production in any way;

— production of petroleum products decreased by 2.0% to 46,960 thousand tons, etc.

The decline in oil production was caused by the depletion of the company's West Siberian fields, which, meanwhile, account for more than half of LUKOIL's oil reserves. As for building up the resource base, the problems of private companies (including LUKOIL) are related to the fact that state-owned companies get promising deposits. Lukoil's hopes today are connected with projects in the Caspian Sea, as well as the Trebs and Titov fields. In any case, the company's capital investments last year significantly exceeded the level of 2010 - $ 8.5 billion.

The market capitalization of TNK-BP is about $50 billion. In terms of oil production, the company is one of the ten largest private oil companies in the world, is the main supplier to the Moscow retail market and is the leader in the Ukrainian market. Proved reserves of TNK-BP as of December 31, 2010 amounted to 8.794 billion barrels. n. e. The company has promised to invest $45 billion by 2020 in the development of oil production.

In 2011, positive dynamics was observed in all areas of its activities, which made this year the most successful in the history of TNK-BP:

— oil and gas production, excluding JV, increased by 2.1% over the first 9 months of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010;

— the volume of oil refining amounted to 763 thousand barrels per day, it grew by 7%;

— net profit amounted to $6.8 billion, which is 75% (!) higher than the same period in 2010;

- revenue increased by 38%, etc.

The fact that in the first 9 months of 2011 TNK-BP significantly increased its investment attractiveness and improved its financial performance is explained not only by favorable market conditions, but also by the increase in its efficiency, as well as by the conclusion of important international transactions:

— TNK-BP is already working in Venezuela, within 3 years it plans to invest $180 million in Junin-6;

- acquired assets in Vietnam, participates in a tender for oil and gas blocks of the Vietnamese shelf. The company considers this country to be a very promising region for oil production;

— TNK-BP, along with Rosneft, has high chances of winning auctions for 12 oil and gas fields in Iraq. Their fate will be decided at the beginning of 2012. All this allows us to say that TNK-BP has every opportunity to become one of the most efficient international oil and gas companies.

Surgut NG.

Surgutneftegaz is the 4th oil company in Russia in terms of oil production. Among other things, this company is a leader in drilling. Its market capitalization is $37.5 billion (April 2011). The share of Surgut NG in Russian oil production over the past few years has grown from 11% to almost 13%. The company's recoverable oil and gas reserves are about 2.5 billion tons of oil equivalent. The main indicators of its activity:

— the forecast for oil production in 2011 is 60.7 million tons, that is, the growth will be 2%;

— the company's oil recovery factor exceeds 0.4, while the average Russian level is 0.3. By the way, for Surgut NG, the most complete extraction of oil from the fields under development is a strategic course;

- net profit for January-September 2011 increased 2.4 times - up to 197.537 billion rubles, frankly, a record profit;

— revenue increased by 50.7% and amounted to 641.531 billion rubles;

— the company's cash savings increased to 897 billion rubles.

But this company also has bottlenecks, experts note:

— strong dependence on the domestic market due to the insufficient capacity of its Kirishi refinery;

— the relatively high cost of oil produced by Surgut NG due to high costs for drilling, etc.

Gazprom Neft. The company ranks 5th in Russia in terms of oil production. At present, the capitalization of Gazprom Neft is about $20.2 billion. But the head of the company, Alexander Dyukov, believes that the company's shares are undervalued. In his opinion, capitalization should be at the level of $30 billion. Gazprom Neft's own proven oil reserves exceed 4 billion barrels, which allows the company to keep existing levels mining. It supplies almost 25% of high quality marketable products to the Russian market. Gazprom Neft occupies a leading position in the retail sale of fuel in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

Gazprom Neft is rightfully considered one of the country's fastest growing oil and gas companies. Last year, she became the leader in terms of rating growth. In general, 2011 was a record year for her in all key parameters:

— Hydrocarbon reserves of Gazprom Neft should increase by at least 50 million tons;

— production increased by more than 7% to 57.2 mmtoe. The company has set an ambitious goal of doubling oil production by 2020;

- net profit in January-September 2011 increased by 64% (up to 3.875 billion dollars), analysts, however, expected more - 4 billion dollars;

- revenue for the same period increased by 39% and amounted to 32.9 billion dollars, etc.

Good financial results companies were obtained thanks to the growth of oil production, an increase in the volume of refining (for last year the company's investment in processing amounted to $2 billion), as well as benefits for deposits in Yamal. In addition, Gazprom is going to transfer oil licenses for 11 large fields to the balance of Gazprom Neft, the first sign will be ZAO Gazprom Neft Orenburg, 61.8% of the authorized capital of which is acquired by Gazprom Neft.

But, as analysts note, for the long-term prospects of the company, it is necessary:

- additional resource base. The company plans to develop new deposits in the Orenburg region. Last summer, Gazprom Neft signed an agreement with Shell on the possibility of joint work in the fields Western Siberia, as well as third countries;

— introduction of enhanced oil recovery technologies;

— development of channels for the sale of petroleum products, the creation of its own network of bunkering terminals and the expansion of the network of refueling complexes at Russian airports.

Tatneft.

The company ranks 6th in the country in terms of oil production. Its capitalization is 14 billion dollars (April 2011).

The main production indicators of Tatneft for 9 months of 2011 are as follows:

— produced 19.393 thousand tons of oil, which is 0.2% more than in the same period of 2010;

- net profit amounted to 47.8 billion rubles.

Oil production in Russia

rub., which is 1.8 times more;

— revenue reached 229.46 billion rubles, an increase of 25.3%.

But this company has plenty of problems, we will note only a few of them:

— its resource base is one of the worst in the industry. Most of the company's fields are in the stage of declining production. For example, the largest Romashkinskoye field is 80% depleted;

— The cost of oil is very high. This means that if oil prices fall, Tatneft's profits will decline faster than those of other companies;

— Oil from Tatarstan is characterized by high density and high sulfur content. Prices for oil products from such raw materials (fuel oil, bitumen) are low. This requires additional costs for the purification of petroleum products. Thus, for the processing of heavy oil Tatneft is building a large oil refining complex in Nizhnekamsk (the TANECO project), it is predicted that the depth of processing here will be 96.9%;

— Suspended work in Syria due to anti-government protests. But she could already receive the first dividends from the Syrian project this year. The company faced a similar situation in Libya, where Tatneft's investments amounted to 265 million rubles, 14 wells were drilled. The company still hopes to return there in the first half of this year;

- was going to sign a billion-dollar contract with Iran, in terms of oil reserves, this country is very promising and interesting for investors. But again, bad luck. As you know, the United States and the European Union are going to impose oil sanctions on the purchase of Iranian oil.

Slavneft.

This company ranks 7th in Russia in terms of oil production. Its share in the total volume of oil produced in the country is about 3.6%. 98.95% of Slavneft's shares are controlled on a parity basis by TNK-BP and Gazprom Neft. The volume of proven remaining recoverable oil reserves as of December 31, 2010 amounted to 216.8 million tons. For the three quarters of 2011:

— the company's enterprises produced 13.5 million tons of oil, which means that the volume of oil production decreased by 1.8%;

— processing of hydrocarbon raw materials amounted to 18.3 million tons, an increase of 9.6%;

— net profit decreased by 28.7% to $122.052 million;

— net revenue increased by 30% to $4.120 billion.

The main tasks of the company today are to stabilize the level of oil production, increase the volume of processing of raw materials and modernize the processing industry. Slavneft has been engaged in the technical re-equipment of its main refinery Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (YANOS) for more than 10 years, has already invested more than $1.5 billion in the modernization of the refinery, and plans to invest more than $1.2 billion from 2011 to 2014.

Bashneft.

This company is recognized as one of the fastest growing oil companies in the world in the Platts ranking in terms of financial performance. Its capitalization in June 2011 was $10.63 billion. Bashneft showed good results in general last year:

— oil production for 9 months last year amounted to 11,257 thousand tons, which is 7.3% higher than the same period in 2010. In general, the company demonstrates a steady growth in oil production and promises to more than double it in 10-15 years;

— net profit increased by 52.7% to $1,309 billion;

— revenue amounted to 12.47 billion dollars (+45.2% compared to 2010).

Such performance of the company is explained not only by the growth in oil prices, but also by the increase in oil production, primarily due to improved drilling efficiency in old areas, as well as by the fact that its refineries are among the most modern in the country. It is no coincidence that Bashneft is the leader in terms of the depth of oil refining at its enterprises - 86.8%.

As for the weaknesses of the company, experts point to:

- incomplete loading of its refinery;

- strong dependence on the supply of raw materials for native refineries from outside, since its own oil production is 1.5-2 times less than its processing;

— depletion of the company's deposits. Most of its fields in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and the Orenburg region are in the phase of declining production. Their depletion is almost 85%, and water cut and even more - about 90%. However, it cannot be said that Bashneft is doing nothing. Against. It is trying to increase its resource base at the expense of new deposits in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug; last year it received a license to develop the Trebs and Titov deposits for 25 years. Their reserves, by the way, may amount to 63.4 million tons and 78.9 million tons, respectively. The purchase of the license allowed the company to increase inventory by 30% overnight. The cost of development is estimated at about $8 billion.

dollars. The first oil at the site is planned to be produced already in 2014.

Research financial position of domestic enterprises engaged in oil and gas production, refutes the common myth that the participation of the private sector in the management of the production company is effective. So, according to the results of 2014, Gazprom and Rosneft did not even make it into the top five. Consequently, the privatization of state structures oil and gas sector Russia does not always contribute to the improvement of the work of organizations.

Oil and gas sector: the form of ownership determines a lot

The main idea of ​​the apologists of the market economy, which consists in the priority of private management of mining, processing and transport enterprises, has once again failed. This is convincingly shown by the analysis economic activity leading organizations in the oil and gas sector of our country. As a result of last year, Rusneft and Slavneft, owned by private individuals, ended up in last place in almost all key indicators, which is not surprising. Behind the nominee shareholders are sometimes people who understand little about the specifics of the most important market for the country.

Tatneft, RITEK and NOVATEK have been in the leading positions for many years. At the same time, one cannot fail to note the overall decline in industry average indicators and the increase in the spread between the best and worst figures. In other words, advanced enterprises oil and gas industry began to work more efficiently, and outsiders increased the backlog. An analysis of the activities of organizations in the fuel and energy complex allows us to assert with a high degree of confidence that the gap will continue to grow. The figures for the first half of 2015 confirm the emerging trend.

Oil and gas sector and vertical integration

According to Academician Alexander Andreev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the role of small enterprises in the structure of the state economy is unacceptably downplayed. It is no secret that a reliable vertical of management, concentrated in several large concerns, does not at all contribute to the development of competition, although it strengthens Russia's position in the world market. In the conditions of explored deposits - and there are simply no new deposits left - small businesses have no place in the division of the sweet pie.

Alexander Andreev, and many experts agree with him, believes that it is time to change the strategy that still reigns, based on the concept of the expediency of quickly commissioning large oil and gas fields. First, they don't exist anymore. Secondly, what is needed now is not large rental incomes, which the state needed for another ten years like air, but a targeted policy aimed at the reconstruction and modernization of all enterprises.

Oil and gas sector of Russia: in anticipation of new technologies

The backlog of enterprises in the oil and gas sector in terms of technical equipment has become especially prominent in recent years.

The dependence of extractive organizations and processing plants on imported technologies has become simply indecent for a country with a resource-based economy. About 70% of production facilities are at the same level of development as half a century ago, modernization is extremely slow, which negatively affects the formation of prices for final products.

Where has it been seen that oil produced in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is transported to oil refineries in China? There are many refineries around, but they are unable to cope with the proposed volumes or do not pull in terms of capacity and the required quality of raw materials.

Oil companies

We need innovative equipment, an influx of new personnel capable of ensuring the level of production and processing of oil and gas at the current level.

Fast and high-quality modernization is necessary

Hoping for a quick end to the economic blockade and stabilization of the world oil and gas market in the near future is naive. According to most experts, the difficult geopolitical situation in Europe, conflicts in the Middle East, the collapse of statehood in Ukraine will be felt throughout the post-Soviet space for a long time to come. The energy map of the world is gradually changing, and India and China are becoming the main consumers of oil and gas.

Russia has great prospects to conquer this market, especially since there are vacancies. But this requires huge investments to modernize old equipment and purchase new technologies. Without this, it is unrealistic to increase the volume of oil produced. Unfortunately, the downward trend in the oil recovery factor is steadily declining, while in the USA, Norway, France, this the most important indicator The efficiency of the oil and gas sector enterprises is growing every year. It remains to wait for decisive and quick steps on the part of the state, because only private investment is not enough.

Oil production in Russia: past and present of the oil market

OIL PRODUCTION

Brief historical introduction

Since ancient times, people have collected oil from the surface of the earth (and water). At the same time, oil found rather limited use. After the safe kerosene lamp was invented in the second half of the 19th century, the demand for oil increased dramatically. The development of industrial oil production begins by drilling wells to oil-saturated reservoirs. With the discovery of electricity and the spread of electric lighting, the need for kerosene as a source of lighting began to decline. At this time, the internal combustion engine was invented and the rapid development of the automotive industry began. In the USA, the ancestor of the mass production of cars, thanks to Henry Ford, in 1908, the production of an inexpensive Model T at affordable prices began. Automobiles, which at first were only available to the very rich, were being produced in increasing numbers. If in 1900 there were about 8 thousand cars in the USA, then by 1920 there were already 8.1 million of them. With the development of the automotive industry, the demand for gasoline and, as a result, the demand for oil increased rapidly. Until now, most of the oil is used to enable a person to move quickly (by land, by water, by air).

World oil production

V. N. Shchelkachev, analyzing in his book “Domestic and World Oil Production” historical data on oil production, proposed to divide the development of world oil production into two stages:
The first stage - from the very beginning until 1979, when the first relative maximum oil production was reached (3235 million tons).
The second stage is from 1979 to the present.

It was noted that from 1920 to 1970, world oil production increased not only in almost every new year, but also for decades, production grew almost exponentially (almost doubled every 10 years). Since 1979, there has been a slowdown in the growth of world oil production. In the early 1980s, there was even a short-term decline in oil production. In the future, the growth of oil production resumes, but not at such a rapid pace as in the first stage.

Dynamics of oil production in the world, million tons

Despite the decline in oil production in the early 80s and periodically occurring crises, in general, world oil production is growing steadily. Average annual growth rate for the period from 1970 to 2012 amounted to about 1.7%, and this figure is significantly less than the average annual growth rate of world GDP.

And do you know that…

In world practice, oil production is measured in barrels. In Russia, as it has historically developed, mass units are used to measure production. Until 1917, it was poods, and now tons.

In the UK, as well as in Russia, tons are used to account for oil production. But in Canada and Norway, unlike all other countries, oil is measured in m3.

Oil production in Russia

Oil production in Russia has been growing steadily since the early 2000s, although recently the growth rate has slowed down, and in 2008 there was even a slight decline. Since 2010, oil production in Russia has overcome the bar of 500 million tons per year and is confidently staying above this level, steadily increasing.

Oil production in Russia, million tons

According to BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017

In 2016, despite talk of freezing production levels, a new record was set. 547 million tons of oil and gas condensate were produced, which is 1.3% higher than in 2015.

Russian oil industry

Russia is one of the largest participants in the global energy market.

During 2000-2015 Russia's share in world oil production increased from 8.9% to 12.4%. To date, it is one of the three countries that determine the dynamics of prices in the oil market (along with Saudi Arabia and the United States).

Russia is a key supplier of oil and oil products for European countries; increases oil supplies to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Russia's significant share in the global oil market makes the country one of the leading participants in the global energy security system

In Russia, oil production is carried out by 8 large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs). As well as about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. VIOCs account for about 90% of all oil production. Approximately 2.5% of oil is produced by the largest Russian gas company Gazprom. And the rest is produced by independent mining companies.

• exploration of oil reserves, drilling and field development;
• oil production and transportation;
• oil refining and transportation of oil products;
• sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Vertical integration allows you to achieve the following competitive advantage:

• ensuring guaranteed conditions for the supply of raw materials and sales of products
• reduction of risks associated with changes in market conditions
• lower unit costs

The leaders of the oil industry in Russia in terms of oil production are Rosneft and Lukoil.

Oil production by the largest companies in 2016, million tons

The process associated with oil production is quite complex, including labor-intensive preparatory work, consisting of several stages. TO preparatory stages includes geological exploration, seismic exploration, well drilling, well testing and much more. Thus, in order to make things a little easier for oil companies, there are now so-called oil service companies. The essence of their activity lies in the fact that such companies are engaged in the provision of various services related to drilling, as well as mining.

Their work includes:

• providing advice;
• seismic exploration;
• drilling work;
• conducting a geophysical study of the well;
• carrying out test work;
• well cementing;
• organization of mechanized oil production and much more.

Thus, the profit of oilfield services companies is based on servicing the exploration and production of the main commodities, which are oil and natural gas. Such companies and their clients have a mutually beneficial relationship. According to the well-known Joseph Bennett (Tidewater), this line of business follows the drillers - if the companies that carry out the development and production do not start drilling, then the oilfield service companies also do not start their work. Thus, each country has its own specific oilfield service companies. So, in the USA there are over several thousand companies that provide the above services. But, despite this, only shares of 91 of them are traded on stock exchanges.

The labor-intensive oilfield services industry offers a wide variety of services to provide support of various kinds. Thus, companies operating in this area provide their services both on land and at sea. As a rule, with their help, exploration and production is carried out, as well as drilling of wells is completed, geological analysis is carried out, and much more. In addition, the largest oilfield services companies also provide field modeling, monitoring and seismic forecasting services.

7 largest oil companies in Russia

The value of a company directly depends on the number of services it provides.

Thus, the most famous companies in the global oilfield service market are Schlumberger, Halliburton, McDermott and BJ Services. Schlumberger has earned its leadership by providing a wide range of services. Mid-tier players include companies such as Tidewater, Oceaneering International and Seacor Holdings. Their main activity is the supply of entire fleets of support vessels for offshore drilling rigs and platforms. They deliver various technological tools for drilling wells, transport work teams, tow rigs, set and remove anchors, and assist during repairs and construction. About 45% of the industry's profits come from support services. Another 35% of income comes from drilling, and the rest comes from equipment manufacturing. Companies that provide oilfield services should expand by expanding the product portfolio, as well as by expanding the geography of their presence.

Oilfield service companies of Russia

Oilfield service companies in the Russian Federation were formed after non-core assets were withdrawn from the oil and gas production enterprises. Until recently, there was no oilfield service market in Russia. The provision of services in the oil industry as an independent industry was formed only in the last decades of the last century.

Up to this point, the provision of oilfield services fell on the shoulders of units that were in the structure of oil companies. The divisions involved in the service were separated due to the desire to reduce the cost of maintaining equipment, as well as conducting geological exploration. Thus, the involvement of third-party companies in order to organize the process aimed at the extraction of minerals, showed a much greater efficiency than the content of their own service units. This was the main reason why various enterprises began to form one after another, which provide services to oil companies.

It is worth saying that over a decade ago, some Russian players traded their oilfield services assets in order to increase competition. After all, competition is the main principle of the market. The service business as part of the company had significantly lower efficiency and lower quality of work. Whereas competition forces independent service companies to conduct continuous work aimed at improving the quality of services provided. In addition, competition maintains in such enterprises a willingness to cut rates. At the same time, oil companies are getting rid of the obligation to pay for the maintenance of capacities, long-term contracts can provide reliable conditions and a guarantee of performance. Based on these considerations, in 2004, LUKOIL sold the LUKOIL-Burenie division, resulting in the formation of the Eurasia Drilling Company (EDC), which became the largest oilfield services business in Russia.

Two years ago, the American company Schlumberger had plans to acquire this Russian company, however, the deal never took place due to its freezing by the Russian authorities. Once again, it is worth noting that Schlumberger, together with such global players as Halliburton, Baker Hughes, Weatherford, control the entire global oilfield services market. Moreover, each of these companies has its own specific specialization.

Gazprom Neft also decided to remove the service block from its structure. This happened in 2010, and the deal was completed a year later - in 2011. Bashneft sold its oilfield services and other non-core assets during 2012-2013.

Employees of Gazprom Neft share the same point of view and are not going to invest in the oilfield services business, with the exception of high-tech companies. Currently, over 200 oilfield service companies operate in the Russian Federation, which are divided into three main categories:

• affiliated with oil and gas companies;
• large service companies;
• medium and small service enterprises.

The Russian market of oilfield services is estimated by experts at $30 billion.

oilfield service companies

The largest oil companies in Russia

In Russia, oil production is carried out by 9 large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs). As well as about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. VIOCs account for about 90% of all oil production. Approximately 2.5% of oil is produced by the largest Russian gas company Gazprom. And the rest is produced by independent mining companies.

Vertical integration in the oil business is the integration of various links in the technological chain of production and processing of hydrocarbons ("from a well to a gas station"):

— exploration of oil reserves, drilling and field development;

— oil production and transportation;

— oil refining and transportation of oil products;

— sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Vertical integration allows you to achieve the following competitive advantages:

Ensuring guaranteed conditions for the supply of raw materials and sales of products

reduction of risks associated with changes in market conditions

Reducing the cost per unit of output

The leaders of the oil industry in Russia in terms of oil production are Rosneft and Lukoil.

Table No. 1.1.Oil and gas production by the largest oil companies in Russia, million tons

REFINING AND TRANSPORTATION OF OIL

Oil refining

At the exit from the well, crude oil has a very limited scope. Virtually all crude oil is refined to produce products such as gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil and industrial types fuel.

In the early days of the oil industry, processing was done with a primitive distillation apparatus in which oil was brought to a boil and then various products condensed, depending on the temperature.

TOP-20 oil companies in Russia

It required little more skill than making moonshine, so whiskey makers entered the oil industry in the nineteenth century. Now oil refining is a large, complex, high-tech and expensive production complex.

Oil refining at refineries includes the following main stages:

· Preparation of oil for processing;

· Primary oil refining;

· Secondary oil refining;

· Purification of petroleum products.

Preparation of oil for processing consists in additional dehydration (up to 0.1% water content) and desalination (salt content up to 3-4 mg/l) to reduce corrosion technological equipment and improving the quality of fuels and other petroleum products.

Raw oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons in different combinations. Each component has its own value, but only when it comes out of processing. Therefore, the first stage of oil refining is its separation into its component parts. This is achieved by high-temperature distillation - essentially heating. The different constituents evaporate at different temperatures and can then be condensed into separate "pure" streams. Some of these output products are already ready for sale. Others are further processed to produce higher value products.

With simple distillation, the processes are usually limited to the removal of foreign particles and the introduction of minor changes in chemical properties. In large processing complexes, a more complex transformation at the molecular level is carried out through chemical reactions. This process is called cracking or conversion. The result is an increase in the yield of higher quality products such as gasoline and a decrease in the yield of cheaper products such as fuel oil and asphalt.

Oil wells and the oil production complex as a whole are located in close proximity to oil fields, and, as a rule, directly above the oil field. Choosing the location of an oil refinery (refinery) requires a more comprehensive approach. When placing refineries, proximity to sources of raw materials, main oil pipelines, potential consumers, as well as the availability of energy and labor resources are taken into account.

In Russia, the location of oil refineries had developed by the end of the 70s, in the 80s only one refinery was built - Achinsk. In 2002, the TANECO refinery in Nizhnekamsk was put into operation. The plant with a capacity of 7 million tons of oil per year was built to process heavy sour oil from the fields of Tatarstan.

Today in Russia there are 27 large oil refineries (refineries), providing up to 98% of primary oil refining. The mini-refinery processes 2% of oil.

Average processing depth:

in Russia - 71.5%

in the USA - 95%

in Europe - 90%

The largest gas companies in the world

Despite the unstable market situation, most of the companies specializing in the production of gas and oil continue to develop rapidly. News agencies regularly rank the largest and most profitable industrial enterprises. Each gas company has its own history of development and activities.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with the list of the largest gas companies in the world:

1. Saudi Aramco. The company has been operating since the 1930s in Saudi Arabia. A large enterprise is provided with the necessary technical means for oil and gas production, including its own air service with airports.
2. Gazprom. Russian enterprise is one of the largest in the world. It was founded in 1989 and began to develop rapidly in the early 90s. Most of the company's assets are owned by the state. Gazprom is a major gas supplier to many countries of the world.
3. National Iranian Oil Company. The oil company was founded in Iran at the beginning of the 20th century, but its rapid development began in the 50s. Since 1979, the company has been nationalized.
4. ExxonMobil. The industrial enterprise was founded in 1911 as a result of the collapse of the Standard Oil Company, owned by John Davison Rockefeller.

   Russian oil and gas industry in facts and figures

   Large volumes of mined minerals have led to a bad reputation for the company due to its involvement in serious environmental disasters.

5. petroChina. The nationalized Chinese company has been operating since 1999. Mining sites are located in Canada, Australia and Africa, so the company is actively developing.
6. Royal Dutch Shell. A large oil and gas company was created in 1907 as a result of the merger of several small firms. It focuses on the manufacture of automotive oils, but gas and oil production activities are no less successful.
7. Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex). It was nationalized in 1938 and brings large incomes to Mexico. Corporation has state support in exploration of new deposits.
8. Chevron. The corporation began its existence in 1879 in California. It received its current name through a merger with the company of the same name in 2001. Representative offices of the corporation are located in 180 countries of the world. The main activity is oil production.
9. Kuwait Petroleum Corp. The corporation was founded in 1934 in Kuwait, and in 1980 it was nationalized. The company has large production facilities that are constantly expanding. This ensures the production of gas and oil in large volumes and an increase in profits.

After reviewing the listed corporations, we can conclude that the production of gas and other minerals is carried out in large volumes using modern production facilities. Despite the great competition, large companies are actively developing and carrying out profitable activities.

1. Lukoil

Revenue 4740.2 billion rubles. (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Vagit Alekperov

Number of employees: 110 300

net debt: 406.3 billion rubles

Net profit: RUB 181.96 billion

Capitalization: $30.5 billion

Oil and gas

In the mid-2000s, Lukoil was the largest oil company in Russia in terms of production, after the defeat of Yukos, Vagit Alekperov's company held the lead for two years, but when the state-owned Rosneft bought most of the bankrupt's assets, Lukoil became second. Among the world's private oil and gas companies, Lukoil ranks first in terms of proven oil reserves (1% of world hydrocarbon reserves) and second in terms of production (more than 2% of world production). The main resource base is Western Siberia, recently Lukoil began production at the Imilorskoye field, one of the largest in the region. In total, in 2014, Lukoil discovered 14 new fields, which was the company's best result over the past 10 years. Lukoil was in many ways a pioneer of the Russian oil industry. He was the first to start working on the shelf, having implemented major projects in the Caspian, Baltic and Barents Seas. By decision of the government in 2008, only Rosneft and Gazprom were allowed to develop new fields on the shelf. Since then, Lukoil has been lobbying for a revision of this norm. In 2015, Rosneft and Lukoil clashed in a fierce battle for the onshore part of the East Taimyr shelf. In August, Rosneft began to challenge the results of the competition through the courts, in which Lukoil won. So far, the court has blocked the transfer of the license to Lukoil. The disputed area is partly located on land, partly captures transit waters and partly goes to the shelf.

Lukoil, along with other domestic companies, suffered from sectoral sanctions, and projects for shale oil fields of the Bazhenov Suite were hit. After the suspension of cooperation with the French Total, Lukoil had to continue its work on its own.

Lukoil was the first Russian company to go abroad. About a third capital costs now accounts for foreign projects that the company is implementing in more than 40 countries around the world. The company faced difficulties outside of Russia, at the end of 2014 Lukoil recognized a $104 million loss from depreciation of assets in Ukraine, and in July 2015 the Romanian prosecutor's office opened cases against six top managers of subsidiaries of Petrotel Lukoil (owns a refinery in Romania) and Lukoil Europe Holdings, accusing them of money fraud and causing damage to the country's economy. The court of Romania, at the suit of the prosecutor's office, seized the property and accounts of Lukoil for a total amount of about € 2 billion. Lukoil came to Romania back in 1998. The plant's capacity is 2.4 million tons, the enterprise provides about 1,000 jobs and is one of the largest in the region. Lukoil has been present in Europe for 17 years. There are four refineries and a network of filling stations in the EU countries. The total amount of European assets is estimated at $9 billion.

2. Surgutneftegaz

Revenue RUB 890.57 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Surgut

CEO: Vladimir Bogdanov

Number of employees: 115,507

Net debt: minus 1.9 trillion rubles.

Net profit: RUB 884.8 billion

Capitalization: 1.5 trillion rubles.

Oil and gas

400 billion rubles by so much the volume of deposits in the bank accounts of Surgutneftegaz exceeds its capitalization

Surgutneftegaz is one of the largest Russian vertically integrated oil and gas companies and ranks third in terms of production in Russia (61.4 mmt). It accounts for about 12% of oil production and about 7% of refining volumes. According to the company's estimates, recoverable oil and gas reserves are about 2.5 billion tons of oil equivalent. Surgutneftegaz is the most closed and conservative company in the domestic oil and gas industry. She does not disclose the final ownership structure. OJSC “Surgutneftegas” was established on the basis of the property complex of the same name production association in 1993. In 2002, investors learned from a US GAAP report that the company's balance sheet held about 40% of treasury shares. This was followed by a series of proceedings: minority shareholders demanded that the treasury stake, as required by law, be paid off. This was not achieved, but next time international standards the company reported only for 2012 - after the entry into force of the law obliging Russian public companies publish IFRS financial statements.

The owners of a controlling stake can hide behind several dozen related legal entities (financial investments in the shares of an oil company on their balance sheets change from year to year in proportion to the value of Surgut's securities). At least some of them were established by decisions of the board of directors of Surgutneftegaz itself (Forbes had the opportunity to study these documents), but it is not clear who owns these structures now. Surgut's secrets are guarded by General Director Vladimir Bogdanov, who has headed the company since 1984, when it was still a Soviet production association.

Surgutneftegaz is one of the richest Russian companies, with about $32 billion in bank accounts (mostly in dollars). The company sells $1.5 billion worth of currency every month to pay contractors. Over the past year, the amount of funds on deposits increased by 45%, to 1.9 trillion rubles, and the amount of interest received on deposits amounted to 58.3 billion rubles. Due to the revaluation of foreign exchange assets, the net profit of Surgutneftegaz (according to IFRS) increased by almost 3.2 times, to 884.8 billion rubles. The company has no debt, and Surgut is in no hurry to spend its trillion-dollar reserve. At the annual meeting of shareholders, Bogdanov said that the company had no plans for purchases. Surgutneftegaz is one of the most generous in the industry. As a rule, it pays shareholders about 20% of net profit according to RAS. The total amount of dividend payments in 2014 amounted to 86 billion rubles, twice as much as a year earlier.

3. Magnet

Revenue RUB 763.5 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Krasnodar

CEO: Sergey Galitsky

Number of employees: 257,551

Net profit: RUB 47.7 billion

EBITDA: RUB 85.9 billion

Net margin: 6.25%

Capitalization: $22.6 billion (LSE)

Trade

479 million people — growth in the number of Magnit buyers in 2014

“Sorry for another ugly game,” billionaire Sergey Galitsky wrote on his Twitter after the match between the Krasnodar football club he created in 2008 and the Kuban ended in a draw. In the microblog, the founder and CEO of Magnit personally commented on the sensational death of the blockade woman, who was detained by the guards of the store in Kronstadt, accusing her of stealing oil. The old woman died at the police station on February 3, this story made a lot of noise. But it practically did not affect the interest in the shares of Magnit - two days later, Sergey Galitsky sold 1% of the network's shares (1 million shares) for 9.8 billion rubles, 20% of the placement was bought by Russian investors.

The financial statements for 2014 are impressive. For the retailer, whose stores, according to Knight Frank's research, are the most budget-friendly in Moscow, the deteriorating economic environment means an influx of customers. According to the results of 2014, traffic in general for the stores of the network (Magnit has four different formats) increased by 4.47%.

The company's revenue increased by 31.71% during the year, which was due not only to an increase in selling space, but also to a 14.47% increase in like-for-like sales (including VAT). The total area increased by 19.24% to 3.6 million square meters. m (in 2014, 1618 new stores were opened).

Magnit is the market leader not only in terms of the number of stores and revenue, but also in terms of efficiency. The company continues to improve logistics - five new distribution centers were opened during the year (27 in total), the fleet grew by 361 vehicles (total 5938). 86% of goods reach stores through their own distribution centers, which provides the company with a high gross margin for the industry - 28.88%.

In the summer of 2015, Magnit became the only Russian company in the ranking of the most innovative companies in the world, compiled by the American Forbes. The innovativeness assessment method relies on the intuition of investors who choose business models that can sustainably increase profits in the future. In the case of Magnit, the "innovation premium" - the difference between capitalization and discounted cash flow from an existing business - is 57.9% (the retailer ranked 23rd in the ranking; Tesla, the leader in the list, had 84.82%).

Galitsky uses innovations not only in retail. The FC Krasnodar stadium under construction is covered with a roof of a special cable-stayed structure, and the spectator stands are equipped with a system infrared heating. Construction, which started in 2013, requires a lot of money.

Galitsky did not comment on why he sold shares in May. The company explained that the proceeds would be used to "finance an investment project." Most likely, just for the completion of the stadium for 33,000 spectators. According to the plan, the first game on it should take place in October 2015.

4. VimpelCom

Revenue RUB 757.6 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Amsterdam

CEO: Jean-Yves Charlier

Number of employees: 56,024

EBITDA: RUB 307.6 billion

Net loss: RUB 26.8 billion

Capitalization: $8.3 billion (NASDAQ)

Telecommunications

63% drop in VimpelCom shares on the NASDAQ since the beginning of 2014

Vimpelcom brings together telecom operators in 14 countries. The company has the most subscribers in Russia - 57.2 million people, followed by Pakistan (38.5 million) and Bangladesh (30.2 million) in second and third places in terms of the number of subscribers. The total number of subscribers is 222 million, the growth compared to 2013 was 2.3%, which is less than in 2013, then the increase was 3.8%.

In April 2015, Vimpelcom, which since the early 2000s has been controlled by Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group (owns 56.2%), was replaced by the chief managing director - Jean-Yves Charlier took this post instead of Joe Lunder. Lunder has led Vimpelcom since 2011 and has been with the company since 1999. The second major shareholder - the Norwegian Telenor (owns about 33%) - was dissatisfied with the operational and financial results of Vimpelcom. However, representatives of Vimpelcom stated that Lunder left for own will and it has nothing to do with the situation in the company. Jean-Yves Charlier is also from the telecommunications industry, having previously headed the second largest telecom operator in France, SFR.

Most of Vimpelcom's revenue comes from Russia, but the Russian "daughter" has recently been a problematic asset: revenue has been falling every quarter, lagging behind the other two largest telecom operators, MTS and MegaFon, in terms of the number of subscribers has grown. However, at the end of 2014, the situation finally managed to stabilize - revenue did not fall in the last quarter and the first quarter of 2015, although at the end of 2014 it decreased by 3%, to 282 billion rubles. At the same time, analysts consider even the zero growth of the Russian VimpelCom a positive trend.

In 2014, Russian VimpelCom's income from services mobile internet grew by 20%, to 38 billion rubles, while revenues from voice communications - only by 16%. The company's report says that the volume of traffic per subscriber in Russia has doubled in a year. However, according to this indicator, Russia is only in second place - Italy is in the lead.

As in the previous year, in 2014 Vimpelcom reduced staff: the number of employees decreased by 1818 people, which is 3.1%. Most of the reductions affected the countries of Africa and Asia - there the staff decreased by 1843 people, and in Russia the number of employees, on the contrary, increased by more than 1000 people.

5. X5 Retail Group

Revenue 633.9 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

Main Executive Director Story by: Stéphane Ducharme

Number of employees: 117,400

Net debt: RUB 105.4 billion

Net profit: RUB 12.7 billion

EBITDA: RUB 45.9 billion

Capitalization: $4.5 billion (LSE)

Trade

5% of the company's revenue came from products that were embargoed in August 2014

Frenchman Stéphane Ducharme, who has headed X5 since 2013, learned Russian in the early 1990s while working at the EBRD. At the same time, for the first time, he plunged into the study of the business plan of the retail chain of Mikhail Fridman: in 1994, the newly created Perekrestok received a $40 million loan from the EBRD. retail project he received when X5, which now includes Pyaterochka (69% of the group's total revenue), Perekrestok (18% of revenue), Karusel (11%) and Perekrestok-Express (2%), experienced management problems, losing profits, customers and leadership positions in the market. Ducharme immediately began the transformation. As a result, in 2014 retail sales grew by 18.6% - the highest growth rate over the past five years.

During the year, 460 Pyaterochka stores were reconstructed according to the new standards, after opening comparable sales for each increased by an average of 25.5%. Pyaterochka's growth figures also turned out to be record-breaking: the number of stores increased by 23% over the year (total of 4,789), and retail space increased by 24%.

Changed and "Crossroads" with "Carousel". The renovation of hypermarkets - interiors, navigation, assortment, employee motivation - gave good dynamics: sales growth after opening compared to the previous year from 14% to 84%, an increase in the number of visits - from 8% to 51%. In general, the growth of attendance in the company in comparison with 2013 amounted to 10%. There is also a restructuring of the logistics system. To improve the quality of service, distribution centers are now divided by format: some work for discounters, others for supermarkets with hypermarkets.

In 2015, the company bought five regional companies, which will significantly increase the number of stores: in the course of the August transaction alone, X5 acquired 104 stores of the Rosinka group of companies in the Oryol, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk and Tambov regions. In addition, since August 2014, Voentorg-Pyaterochka stores have been opened in military camps together with Voentorg. And in March 2015, an agreement was signed with Rostelecom on the redevelopment of real estate vacated due to the development of new communication technologies - in total, Pyaterochka will receive about 300 premises for long-term lease. But they had to leave Ukraine - at the end of March 2014, X5 closed all Perekrestoks in this country (out of 13 supermarkets, only one was owned).

If in 2013 Stefan Ducharme received as a bonus an amount equal to his annual salary: 42 million rubles, then at the end of 2014 his cash bonus amounted to 108 million rubles.

6. Group of companies Megapolis

Revenue 507 billion rubles. (IFRS)

President: Alexey Koldunov

Number of employees: 15 352

Net profit: RUB 13 billion

Trade

For 40 thousand. decreased in 2014 the number of outlets with which the company works directly

Russia's largest wholesaler of tobacco products under exclusive contracts with Japan Tobacco International, Philip Morris International, Imperial Tobacco Group. In addition, under a long-term distribution agreement, it sells products of Baltika Brewing Company, contracts have been signed with large producers of coffee and tea, and Red Bull energy drinks. 92.2% of the group's turnover comes from cigarettes, 5.6% from beer. The owners of Megapolis, Igor Kesaev, and his former teacher at MGIMO, Sergei Katsiev, began selling cigarettes in the early 1990s and quickly brought the company to a leading position.

In 2011, Megapolis planned an IPO, but due to the growing anti-smoking campaign (increasing excise taxes on cigarettes, a ban on the sale of tobacco products in kiosks and stalls), entering the public market was postponed.

At the end of 2013, the tobacco business of Igor Kesaev and Sergey Katsiev was valued at the international level - the tobacco giants Japan Tobacco Inc (JTI) and Philip Morris International (PMI) announced the purchase of 40% of Megapolis Group for $ 1.5 billion - the entire company was valued at $ 3.75 billion.

Four years ago, the company began to buy up Ukrainian tobacco distributors and in three years, in fact, became a monopoly in the sale of tobacco products in Ukraine. After the change of power in Kyiv, the Ukrainian media accused the Russian company of using its monopoly position, which led to a significant increase in prices for tobacco products, an increase in smuggling and counterfeiting. One of the top managers of Megapolis, in an interview with Forbes, admitted that the situation with business in Ukraine was tense, but after a series of negotiations on the ground, everything was stabilized.

In April 2015, the co-owner of Megapolis Sergey Katsiev stepped down from management and was replaced as president financial director Alexey Koldunov, who has been with the company since its inception.

Now Megapolis controls about 70% of the Russian tobacco market, the branch network has grown from 250 to 330 divisions over the year, but the number of outlets with which the company works directly has decreased from 200,000 to 160,000.

Legislative restrictions on the sale of cigarettes forced the owners of "Megapolis" to create their own specialized network. Small outlets "Omega Cash & Carry" in 2014 opened throughout the country, by the fall of 2015 there were more than 100 stores in the network that sell small wholesale tobacco products.

This is not the first attempt by the Megapolis owners to start their own retail business. In 2012, they created the Bristol retail chain, the basis of the assortment of which was cigarettes and alcohol. At the beginning of 2015, there were already about 1,400 stores in the network, in May it was announced the sale of 31.5% of Bristol to Dixy Group, 54.4% of whose shares also belong to the co-owners of Megapolis.

7. Evraz

Revenue RUB 504.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: London

CEO: Alexander Frolov

Number of employees: 94,823

Net debt: RUB 224.4 billion

Net loss: RUB 49.3 billion

Capitalization: 126 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

28% increase in Evraz's EBITDA from 2013 to 2014

8. Tatneft

Revenue RUB 476.4 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Almetyevsk

CEO: Nail Maganov

Number of employees: 76,000

Net debt: minus 12.75 billion rubles.

Net profit: RUB 97.7 billion

Capitalization: 691.6 billion rubles.

Oil and gas

13% of revenues of the consolidated budget of Tatarstan in 2014 come from revenues from Tatneft

The government of Tatarstan controls Tatneft through Svyazinvestneftekhim, which owns 36% of its voting shares. In addition, the government of the republic has a "golden share" (gives veto power on key governance issues). The Board of Directors is headed by the President of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov. Tatneft ranks fifth in terms of oil production among domestic companies (26.5 million tons in 2014). In 2013, the general director was replaced at Tatneft. The 68-year-old Shafagat Takhautdinov, who led Tatneft for about 14 years, was replaced by his first deputy Nail Maganov, whose brother works as the first executive vice president of Lukoil, the largest private Russian company in terms of revenue. Takhautdinov left a promising legacy, including the new Taneko refinery, capable of processing sour crude (launched in 2012), and foreign projects in Syria and Libya, suspended due to military conflicts. Foreign projects are important for Tatneft because of the depletion of its fields in the republic. Tatarstan holds 36% of all Russian reserves of extra-viscous oil - bitumen, and the company is developing new technologies, increasing its production at the Ashalchinskoye field. In 2015-2017, Tatneft will invest 100 billion rubles to increase the annual production of extra-viscous oil to 2 million tons (7.5% of the current annual oil production, now this share is less than 1%). To do this, it has formed a package of its own technologies from more than 60 international patents. Since 2007, Tatneft's bitumen deposits have been subject to a zero MET rate, since 2012 a 90% discount on export duty until 2022 has been added, as well as regional benefits on income and property tax and zero land fees. Tatneft is also developing technologies for the production of shale oil, the recoverable resources of which were estimated at the beginning of 2014 at about 192 million tons. In 2014, the company put 30 million tons of such oil on the state balance sheet. Tatneft, unlike other large Russian oil and gas companies, not only produces and refines oil into petroleum products, but also produces tires. The company has several subsidiaries, including Nizhnekamskshina, one of the largest manufacturers in the country. In 2014, the products of Tatneft's tire factories accounted for 27% of the Russian market in physical terms.

9. Norilsk Nickel

Revenue 456 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Potanin

Number of employees: 81 855

Net debt: RUB 136.5 billion

Net profit: RUB 77.2 billion

Capitalization: 1.641 trillion rubles.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

$6.5 billion had to be written off by Norilsk Nickel due to the sale of unprofitable assets in Australia and Africa

A few years ago, the world's largest producer of nickel and palladium, MMC Norilsk Nickel, was bursting at the seams due to a long-term corporate conflict between its shareholders, Vladimir Potanin's Interros and Oleg Deripaska's UC Rusal, who, with varying success, tried to retain control over the company. The confrontation between them began in 2008 as a result of the “divorce” of Interros partners Potanin and Mikhail Prokhorov and ended only in 2013 with the signing of an amicable agreement with the participation of Roman Abramovich, who acted as a “white knight”. As a result, the fund of Abramovich and his Evraz partner Alexander Abramov, Crispian, became the owner of 5.87% of Norilsk Nickel shares, Interros retained the largest stake with 30.03%, Rusal retained 27.82% of the shares. Shareholders agreed to pay $8 billion in dividends over three years and another $1 billion after the sale of non-core assets, and Potanin was appointed CEO of Norilsk Nickel.

Reconciliation benefited everyone. In 2014, MMC's capitalization increased by 15% in dollar terms, Potanin topped the rating of the richest Russian businessmen according to Forbes for the first time. But despite these successes, Norilsk Nickel is experiencing the same difficulties as other mining and metallurgical companies - prices and demand for manufactured products are declining. Potanin is trying to maneuver and is looking for ways to improve business efficiency. Norilsk Nickel has already parted with unprofitable assets in Australia and Africa, is about to close the old nickel plant in Norilsk and has staked on its enterprises in Taimyr and the Murmansk region. According to MMC management, the company is able to show an EBITDA margin of over 40% and ensure a stable return on investment for more than 20 years.

Norilsk Nickel's dividend policy had to be adjusted. Now the company's shareholders are paid 50% of EBITDA, but not less than $2 billion annually. According to Potanin, in order to fulfill the terms of the settlement agreement concluded between Interros, Rusal and the Crispian fund, it remains to pay another couple of billion dollars. Shareholders were sympathetic to the company's difficulties; they admit that Norilsk Nickel is one of the most attractive assets in the falling market. In an interview with Forbes in the spring of 2015, Oleg Deripaska called MMC “the best Russian company in this moment”and stressed that he had no questions for Potanin regarding the management of Norilsk Nickel.

10. Bashneft

Revenue 438.3 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Ufa

CEO: Alexander Korsik

Number of employees: 33 300

Net debt: RUB 114 billion

Net profit: 43 billion rubles.

Capitalization: 298 billion rubles.

Oil and gas

140 million tons of proven oil reserves of the fields named after. Trebs and Titov, licensed by Bashneft

In December 2014, the main owner of the fifth largest domestic oil company Bashneft (17.8 million tons) changed. The controlling stake, previously owned by AFK Sistema Vladimir Yevtushenkov, passed into federal ownership. The reason was the court decision on the illegal privatization of the companies of the Bashkir fuel and energy complex. Proceedings over the legality of the privatization of Bashneft and its four refineries have continued since 2005. In 2002, the enterprises, later merged into Bashneft, were privatized in favor of individuals, and then transferred to Bashkir Capital LLC, the owner of which was considered Ural Rakhimov, the son of the then President of Bashkiria Murtaza Rakhimov. In 2003, the Accounts Chamber called the result of this privatization "an unprecedented case of the theft of assets from federal property." However legal consequences then it wasn't. In 2005, blocking stakes in the companies of the Bashkir fuel and energy complex were bought by AFK Sistema, and the remaining shares were transferred to four charitable foundations, from which in 2009 Sistema bought them out, having received controlling stakes. In total, Sistema spent about $ 2.5 billion on these transactions. Rakhimov Jr. has spent almost all his time abroad since then, and Rakhimov Sr. left the post of president of Bashkiria in 2010. Having gained control over the Bashkir fuel and energy complex, Sistema transferred Bashneft and its refinery to a single share, and until recently, the oil segment accounted for about half of the holding's consolidated revenue.

In 2010, Bashneft received a license for large fields named after. Trebs and Titov, one of the last remaining in the unallocated subsoil fund. Applications for the tender were also submitted by the main competitors - Lukoil, TNK-BP and Gazprom Neft, but besides Bashneft, only Surgutneftegaz was allowed to participate in the auction. A year later, Bashneft created the Bashneft-Polyus JV to develop fields with Lukoil. The transfer of the license to this joint venture caused a number of claims from Rosnedra and lawsuits from minority shareholders of Bashneft, which are still being considered (in the Supreme Court). In March 2014, Bashneft, having paid $1 billion, bypassed Rosneft and Gazprom Neft in the tender for the purchase of the Tyumen-based Burneftegaz with reserves of more than 50 million tons of oil.

In mid-July, 81.67% of Bashneft controlled by Sistema were arrested in a criminal case, and on September 16, Yevtushenkov was placed under house arrest on charges of money laundering when buying Bashneft in 2009. He was under arrest for three months, during which time Sistema's capitalization decreased by six times. It took the Moscow Arbitration Court a month to consider and satisfy the claim of the Prosecutor General's Office to return the oil company to state ownership.

11. MTS

Revenue: RUB 410.8 billion (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Andrey Dubovskov

Number of employees: 66 870

OIBDA: RUB 175.5 billion

Net debt: RUB 283 billion

Net profit: RUB 51.8 billion

Capitalization: $7.7 billion

Telecommunications

MTS remains the largest Russian telecommunications operator, at the end of 2014 the company had 74.6 million subscribers (0.7 million subscribers less than a year earlier). MTS is actively developing own network stores - the company is unable to establish relations with Euroset and Svyaznoy. At the end of 2014, the operator had more than 4,200 stores. For AFK Sistema Vladimir Yevtushenkov, the largest shareholder of MTS, the operator is a key source of money. Especially after Bashneft had to be handed over to the state. And MTS does not forget about its shareholders: in 2014, almost all profit was directed to dividends - a record 51.2 billion rubles.

12. UMMC Group

Revenue: RUB 407 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Verkhnyaya Pyshma

CEO: Andrey Kozitsyn

Number of employees: 60,000

Non-ferrous metallurgy

The largest copper producer in Russia, owned by billionaires Iskander Makhmudov and Andrey Kozitsyn, has been disclosing its financial results for the past two years, taking into account not only metallurgical, but also coal assets (the largest of them is Kuzbassrazrezugol). In 2013, UMMC's revenue increased significantly, up to 416 billion rubles against 195 billion rubles a year earlier. According to Forbes, UMMC's revenue in 2014 remained almost unchanged and amounted to 407 billion rubles.

13. NLMK

Revenue: RUB 401.3 billion (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Lipetsk

President: Oleg Bagrin

Number of staff: 60 100

Net debt: RUB 61.4 billion

Net profit: RUB 32.6 billion

Capitalization: 468 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

2014 turned out to be a successful year for NLMK: EBITDA grew by 58%, net profit grew by 4.5 times. Successes are connected with the exchange rate difference - NLMK receives most of its revenue in foreign currency. In 2014, the company announced a new dividend policy. Now dividends to shareholders will be paid quarterly. If the net debt/EBITDA ratio is less than or equal to 1, the amount of payments should be in the range from 50% of net income to 50% of free cash flow; at the worst ratio - respectively from 30% to 30%. The President of NLMK has already stated that following the results of 2015, the company can pay shareholders even more. According to him, the financial situation "allows".

14. UC Rusal

Revenue: RUB 361.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Oleg Deripaska

Number of employees: 61,235

Net debt: RUB 341.1 billion

Net profit: RUB 11.3 billion

Capitalization: 52.1 billion Hong Kong dollars (HKEX)

Non-ferrous metallurgy

The devaluation of the ruble benefited UC Rusal, the company showed annual profit for the first time since 2011 - $ 293 million. The management even thought about paying dividends to shareholders for the first time in six years, but the board of directors has not yet made a final decision on this issue. Despite good financial results in 2014, Oleg Deripaska, president of Rusal, has a sensible assessment of the situation: firstly, the company still has a large debt burden, and secondly, the next two years, according to his forecasts, will not be easy due to falling world aluminum prices.

15. Sibur Holding

Revenue: RUB 361 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Konov

Number of employees: 25,000

Net debt: RUB 178.64 billion

Net profit: 25 billion rubles.

Petrochemistry

The leader in the processing of associated petroleum gas has 26 sites in Russia, where polymers, synthetic rubbers and plastics are produced. Until 2011, the company was controlled by Gazprombank, then Leonid Mikhelson and Gennady Timchenko became its owners. In September 2014, Timchenko sold a 17% stake in the holding to Kirill Shamalov, a member of the board of directors (his stake increased to 21.3%), reducing his stake to 15%. The controlling stake in the company remained with Leonid Mikhelson, 13% belongs to the current and former managers of the holding. In the spring of 2014, Timchenko and Kirill Shamalov's father, Nikolay, were included in the EU and US sanctions lists as businessmen who are part of President Putin's "inner circle".

16. Novatek

Revenue: RUB 357.64 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

Management Board: Leonid Mikhelson

Number of employees: 6749

Net debt: RUB 204 billion

Net profit: 35 billion rubles.

Capitalization: $28 billion (LSE)

Oil and gas

Novatek is the second largest natural gas producer in Russia after Gazprom (2 billion cubic meters in 2014) and the fifth largest in the world in terms of proven reserves (1.75 trillion cubic meters). The main owners are founder Leonid Mikhelson (24.8%), Gennady Timchenko (23.5%), French Total (19%) and Gazprom (10%). Novatek is the only non-state company that has the right to independently export liquefied gas. In 2014, net profit under IFRS decreased three times, the investment program for 2015 was reduced by 15%, to 50 billion rubles. In the summer of 2014, Timchenko and Novatek came under US sanctions. Novatek has since paid $740,000 to lobby for sanctions relief in the US Senate, but has not been successful.

17. Severstal

Revenue: RUB 315.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Cherepovets

CEO: Vadim Larin

Number of employees: 52,000

Net debt: RUB 58 billion

Net loss: RUB 61.8 billion

Capitalization: 579.2 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

At the end of 2014, Severstal reported an increase in EBITDA by 21.2%, to $2.2 billion, but at the same time showed a net loss of $1.6 billion. The company explains the loss with losses from exchange rate differences and "other non-monetary factors." At the same time, management assured shareholders that the company will continue to demonstrate stable long-term growth. So far, Aleksey Mordashov's Severstal, who replaced the chair of the CEO in the spring of 2015 for the post of chairman of the board of directors, looks better than many metallurgical companies due to its low debt load.

18. Megaphone

Revenue: RUB 314.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Ivan Tavrin

Number of employees: 30,854

OIBDA: RUB 138.5 billion

Net debt: RUB 136.2 billion

Net profit: RUB 36.7 billion

Capitalization: $7.8 billion

Telecommunications

MegaFon remains the second largest telecoms operator in Russia, but the backlog from MTS is shrinking: 72.2 million versus 74.6 million subscribers. At the same time, MegaFon is actively developing its subsidiary Iota (Skartel), which was purchased in 2013. In July 2014, Megafon became the owner of 50% of the Euroset retailer. Another owner is Vimpelcom. In fact, the operator bought Scartel and its share in Euroset from the structures of its main shareholder Alisher Usmanov. And the billionaire increased his stake in Megafon by purchasing a stake in the company's CEO Ivan Tavrin.

19. MMK

Revenue: RUB 302.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Magnitogorsk

CEO: Pavel Shilyaev

Number of employees: 46,500

Net debt: RUB 77 billion

Net loss: RUB 1.7 billion

Capitalization: 232.3 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

The devaluation of the ruble allowed MMK to reduce its debt burden by $1 billion in 2014 and reduce its net loss by 55 times - from $2.4 billion to $44 million. On the other hand, if the ruble had not fallen, the annual net profit could have amounted to $578 million. In the summer of 2015, MMK, like many other steel companies, decided to revise its dividend policy. The Board of Directors approved the payment of at least 20% of IFRS net profit every six months. In 2012 and 2013, shareholders received no dividends at all, and in 2014 they received them for only nine months.

20. Group T Plus

Revenue: RUB 297.9 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow region

CEO: Boris Vainzikher

Number of employees: 49 300

Net debt: RUB 130 billion

Net profit: 35 billion rubles.

Electricity

T Plus (formerly IES Holding) owns more than 7% of the installed capacity of all power plants in Russia. The holding occupies about 10% of the heat supply market. In 2014, the energy assets of Viktor Vekselberg and partners (TGC-5, TGK-6, TGK-9, Orenburgskaya TGK, repair and power supply companies) were consolidated by merging with Volzhskaya TGK. By the beginning of 2015, the total debt of consumers to the holding for heat reached 44 billion rubles. The net debt of the energy holding at the end of 2014 amounted to 130 billion rubles and exceeded EBITDA by 5.2 times.

21. Mechel

Revenue: RUB 247.3 billion (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Oleg Korzhov

Number of employees: 67,880

Net debt: RUB 261.5 billion

Net loss: RUB 166 billion

Capitalization: 25.5 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

2014 could have been the most dramatic year for the founder and owner of Mechel, Igor Zyuzin, in his life. It seemed that Mechel, which had spent billions of dollars in loans to buy metallurgical and coal assets and became the most indebted Russian company, was about to die and be divided into parts. But it worked out: having resisted the onslaught of creditors, Zyuzin agreed with Gazprombank on restructuring, a similar agreement is being prepared with VTB, and the debt to Sberbank can be redeemed before the end of the year. However, Mechel is still far from the final recovery. It may take years to reduce the debt burden to comfortable levels.

22. Metalloinvest

Revenue: RUB 247 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Varichev

Number of employees: 42,600

EBITDA: RUB 75.7 billion

Net debt: RUB 161.5 billion

Net profit: 2.5 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

Metalloinvest combines the metallurgical and mining and processing assets of the USM holding of billionaire Alisher Usmanov. Metalloinvest's revenue in rubles increased, while in dollar terms the decline continued - at the end of 2014, the worst indicator over the past five years was reached. The situation on the market is not the best: iron ore prices have fallen by 28% over the year. Metalloinvest sells most of its iron ore products in Russia, sales volumes have not changed here. In the second largest market, Europe, sales increased by 1.1 million tons. However, the growth was offset by a sharp drop in sales in Asia.

23. TMK

Revenue: RUB 230.4 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Shiryaev

Number of employees: 43 373

Net debt: RUB 114.6 billion

Net loss: RUB 8.4 billion

Capitalization: 51.9 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

TMK is a leading Russian manufacturer of steel pipes, created in the early 2000s by the owner of the Sinar Pipe Plant, Dmitry Pumpyansky, and co-owners of the MDM group, Sergey Popov and Andrey Melnichenko. By 2006, Pumpyansky bought out the shares of partners in TMK and held an IPO in London. Now he owns 67.75% of the company's shares. 2014 was not an easy year for TMK. The company showed a loss of $217 million and will not pay dividends for the year. In the winter of 2015, TMK's longtime partner Rusnano became a shareholder of the company by purchasing a 5.48% stake.

24. Dixie

Revenue: RUB 229 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Ilya Yakubson

Number of employees: 40,000

Net debt: RUB 25.1 billion

Net profit: 4.5 billion rubles.

EBITDA: RUB 16.3 billion

Capitalization: 37.2 billion rubles.

Trade

The company faced in a year with the same problems as all retailers. After the introduction of the food embargo, it was necessary to urgently look for a replacement for more than 1,000 items (as a result, the share of Russian suppliers increased by 10%). The ruble fell, prices rose, the prosecutor's office checked the merchants. In 2014, Dixy for the first time released socially significant products under its new own brand “First Business” — bread, eggs, dairy and meat gastronomy; set a margin of less than 5% on some goods. Over the year, the rise in prices on the shelves lagged behind the growth in purchase prices in the main consumer basket by 4.6%, in general - by 2.2%. Revenue in rubles for 2014 increased by 26.9%, in dollars — by only 5.2%.

25. Stroygazmontazh

Revenue: RUB 225 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Kirilenko

Number of employees: 27,000

Construction

The Stroygazmontazh company was established in 2008 on the basis of five Gazprom construction contractors bought by Arkady Rotenberg. In the spring of 2014, Stroygazmontazh and Arkady Rotenberg were included in the US sanctions list. After that, the businessman sold most of his assets to his son Igor, leaving himself 83% of Stroygazmontazh (and at the end of 2014 became the sole owner) and 49% of SMP Bank. In January 2015, Stroygazmontazh received a general contract for the construction of an automobile and railway bridge through the Kerch Strait connecting Crimea and Kuban, worth 228 billion rubles.

26. Avtotor

Revenue: RUB 203.7 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Valery Gorbunov

Number of staff: 3402

mechanical engineering

Avtotor has been operating under the benefits of the Special Economic Zone of the Kaliningrad Region since 1997. In 2014, it produced cars of five world brands - BMW, Cadillac, KIA, Opel, Chevrolet.

In 2014, according to the company's founder, former Soviet Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir Shcherbakov, Avtotor produced 186,429 vehicles, almost 60,000 less than in 2013. In February 2015, she ceased to cooperate with the company General Motors(GM), in the spring the American corporation announced its withdrawal from the Russian market. Avtotor's capacities are designed to produce 250,000 cars a year, 130,000 of which were produced for GM.

27. Eurochem

Revenue: RUB 196.4 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Strezhnev

Number of employees: 22,000

Net debt: $2.68 billion

Net loss: $578 million

fertilizers

EuroChem Holding is the largest fertilizer producer in the country, it occupies about 2% of the world market. The company was founded in 2001 by the owners of the MDM group, billionaires Andrey Melnichenko and Sergey Popov. Five years later, the partners divided the business, and Evrokhim went to Melnichenko, who now owns 92.2%. In March, it became known that the management of EuroChem postponed the decision to build a plant for $1.5 billion in Louisiana, where a plot of 870 hectares had already been purchased. EuroChem continues to develop new potash deposits in the Urals and the Volga region with approved potash reserves of more than 10 billion tons.

28. Siberian Coal Energy Company

Revenue: RUB 195 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Rashevsky

Number of employees: 31,400

The largest coal company in Russia. In 2014, SUEK enterprises accounted for 27.5% of the total Russian coal production - 98.9 million tons. The main sales markets, apart from Russia, are China, the UK, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Germany. The volume of international sales increased by 8% and amounted to 45.6 million tons. In 2015, SUEK plans to increase production by 10%. The main owner of the company created in 2001 is Andrey Melnichenko, he owns 92.2% (another 7.8% belongs to SUEK CEO Vladimir Rashevsky).

29. Ribbon

Revenue: RUB 194 billion

CEO: Jan Dunning

Number of employees: 35 100

Net debt: RUB 59.2 billion

Net profit: RUB 9.1 billion

EBITDA: RUB 21.3 billion

Capitalization: $3.3 billion (LSE)

Trade

Lenta managed to raise $952 million during its IPO at the London stock exchange in February 2014, jumping into the last carriage. Then there was a referendum in the Crimea, sanctions, hostilities in the Donbass, devaluation of the ruble... IPOs of other retailers planned for 2014 — “ children's world” and the Russian “daughter” of Metro AG - did not take place. After the IPO, Lenta opened 31 new hypermarkets and 14 supermarkets, sales in existing stores grew by 10.6%, revenue - by 34.5%. 90% of the total revenue comes from sales through the Loyalty Card, which is actively used by 6.5 million people.

Revenue: RUB 188.2 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Krasnogorsk

CEO: Sergey Raskolov

Number of employees: 8884

Trade

Merlion is the largest electronics distributor in Russia, but its owners are unknown to the general public. Businessman Alexei Sonk founded Merlion in 1992 and sold the business in 2007 to a group of investors who prefer to keep a low profile. The Merlion partner network includes 5,500 companies in Russia and the CIS. The company has a portfolio of more than 450 brands and 300 direct distribution agreements. Merlion owns Citilink and Positronics retail chains, Network of Computer Clinics service centers, Bureaucrat office furniture distributor, iRU computer equipment manufacturer.

31. M.Video

Revenue: RUB 172.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Tynkovan

Number of employees: 18,000

Net profit: RUB 8 billion

EBITDA: RUB 12.9 billion

Capitalization: 35.5 billion rubles.

Trade

The market of household appliances and electronics was in a fever from currency fluctuations more than grocery retail. Nevertheless, M.Video's revenue grew by 16% over the year. The panic mood of buyers at the end of 2014 provided record sales: in November, sales increased by 47%, in December - by 70%. In a crisis, buyers are looking for cheaper? M.Video continued to implement its integrated sales strategy (Omni-Channel). As a result, with a 90% increase in online sales, self-delivery sales of goods ordered online from stores were twice as high as home delivery. Now there are 368 hypermarkets in the network, 39 of them were opened in 2014.

32. TNS energy

Revenue: RUB 172 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Arzhanov

Number of staff: 8000

Net debt: RUB 16.3 billion

Net profit: 4.5 billion rubles.

Capitalization: 17.8 billion rubles.

Electricity

TNS energo is the largest private energy trader. It was established in 2003 as a one-client company: it sold electricity to all Transneft enterprises. By 2012, the company bought up stakes in eight sales companies in the country, and in 2013 it underwent a rebranding, changing the name of Transneftservice C to TNS energo. Now it manages 10 power supply companies serving consumers in 11 regions of Russia. In June 2015, TNS energo placed 15% of its shares on the Moscow Exchange. 75% of the shares of TNS energo belongs to its CEO Dmitry Arzhanov.

33. Quatrain

Revenue: RUB 169.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Novosibirsk

CEO: Leonid Konobeev

Net income: $69.3 million

Trade

The largest pharmaceutical holding in Russia in terms of revenue, the main business is the wholesale supply of medicines. The company has 27 branches and delivers medicines to 85 regions of Russia. Katren owns the Melodiya Zdorovya network (more than 500 pharmacies). The company was founded in 1993 by Leonid Konobeev and Vladimir Spiridonov. After the 1998 crisis, Katren went beyond the Novosibirsk region and opened two dozen regional warehouses in a year. By 2007, it became the third distributor in the Russian market in terms of gross sales. In 2000 and 2012, the EBRD was a part of Katren's capital. The company controls the Ukrainian drug distributor Venta.LTD (less than 10% of the holding's revenue in 2014).

34. Protek

Revenue: RUB 156.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Vadim Muzyaev

Number of employees: 12 150

Net debt: RUB 3.7 billion

Net profit: 4.8 billion rubles.

EBITDA: RUB 5.3 billion

Capitalization: 25.5 billion rubles.

Trade

The Russian pharmaceutical market in 2014 grew by 10.1%, the consolidated revenue of the Protek group - by 12.7%. The retail division grew the fastest (by 21.6%) and the manufacturing segment (17.4%). The Rigla network increased by 210 pharmacies over the year, pharmacies are also actively developing low prices"Be healthy!" and Zhivika. Sales per sq. m increased by 6.2% over the year. Three production sites of Protek produce 79 own brands, which account for 58.2% of sales in this segment. Revenue from the distribution of medicines, with which the company began in 1990, grew by 11.3% over the year, the warehouse area reached 161,500 square meters. m.

35. Oil&GasIndustry

Revenue: RUB 156 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Krasnodar

CEO: Alexey Gladkov

Number of employees: 1206

Net debt: RUB 42.3 billion

Oil and gas

In 2010, NefteGazIndustriya, the former head of Gosstroy, Vladimir Kogan, acquired Afipsky Refinery from Oleg Deripaska’s structures for $300 million. In 2013, the company signed a five-year contract with Rosneft for the supply of raw materials, and Transneft completed the construction of a pipe that connects the refinery with its oil pipeline system. After the modernization completed in 2014, the refining capacity of the enterprise increased by 62%, to 6 million tons of oil per year (in fact, 5.9 million tons were processed). The company has its own oil products terminal 130 km away in the port of Novorossiysk, through which products are exported.

Revenue: RUB 151.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Heigo Kera

Number of employees: 26,782

Net debt: RUB 26.3 billion

Net profit: RUB 5.2 billion

EBITDA: RUB 11.3 billion

Capitalization: $500 million (LSE)

Trade

In April, the company changed management. American Tony Mayer gave way to Estonian Heigo Kera. Two of the company's founders, Dmitry Korzhev and Dmitry Troitsky, had known Mayer well since the sale of his Multon juice company to Coca-Cola. But the results of 2014 were unlikely to please shareholders: retail sales of stores decreased by 0.2%, traffic fell by 4.2%. And although average check increased by 7.8%, they began to buy less: the number of goods per visit decreased by 3.4%. At the same time, the company's expenses rose to 19.2% of revenue. The biggest increase (60%) was spent on marketing: in order to attract visitors, the company held several large-scale promotions.

37. Mostotrest

Revenue: RUB 150.5 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Vlasov

Number of employees: 29 343

Net profit: RUB 6.1 billion

Capitalization: 23.7 billion rubles.

Construction

In the spring of this year, NPF Blagosostoyanie, controlled by Russian Railways, increased its stake in Mostotrest by buying out the stake of Igor Rotenberg and Globaltrans partners Konstantin Nikolaev, Nikita Mishin and Andrey Filatov. Mostotrest's portfolio of orders grew in 2014 by 100 billion rubles, to 352 billion rubles. The company has won major contracts and has built road junctions and an alternate route for Kurortny Prospekt for Sochi. Builds the 4th transport ring in Moscow and the Moscow-Petersburg highway, facilities on the M-4 Don, M-9 Baltiya, M-11 Narva highways. Mostotrest participated in the reconstruction of the airport in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Moscow Vnukovo. Profit in 2014 increased by 2.7 times, dividends for 2 billion rubles were paid.

38. Russneft

Revenue: RUB 149.9 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Oleg Gordeev

Number of employees: 21,000

Net debt: RUB 253.5 billion

Net loss: RUB 101.1 billion

Oil and gas

Russneft is one of the largest oil and gas companies in Russia. Of the industry leaders, it was the only one created from scratch, and not during privatization in the 1990s. In 2002-2003, Mikhail Gutseriev was helped to buy several small oil companies by the Swiss trader Glencore, who became a shareholder in a number of RussNeft subsidiaries (with stakes ranging from 40% to 49%). In March 2015, Gutseriev announced that Glencore would exchange the shares of its subsidiaries for those of the parent company. In May, the FAS agreed on a deal: the Swiss trader will receive 46% of RussNeft. Next in line is the merger of Russneft with Neftisa, another oil company owned by Gutseriev.

Revenue: RUB 149.8 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Oleg Smirnov

Number of staff: 6011

Trade

The second largest (after Megapolis) tobacco distributor in Russia operates under an exclusive agreement with British American Tobacco. The company of Oleg Smirnov and Sergey Nesterenko was established in 1992, in 2000 the partners decided to focus on promoting British American Tobacco products, SNS severed relations with other cigarette manufacturers and a year later received the status of the sole distributor of BAT Russia. In 2014, this key SNA partner produced 65.9 billion cigarettes in Russia, the market share of BAT Russia reached 21.3%. SNA now supplies tobacco products to 230,000 outlets across the country.

40. Stroygazconsulting

Revenue: RUB 140 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Stanislav Anikeev

Number of employees: 65,950

Construction

The revenue of the company, founded by Ziyad Manasir and now owned by Gazprombank and Ilya Shcherbovich's UCP fund, almost halved in 2014. Despite the fact that Stroygazconsulting was headed by Stanislav Anikeev, a native of Gazprom, the company still fails to gain access to the contracts of the gas monopoly. In the spring of 2014, its subsidiary SGK Avtostrada won the right to build the first section of the Central Ring Road worth 48 billion rubles, but was unable to obtain a bank guarantee and start work, so the contract was transferred to Aras Agalarov's Crocus International.

41. Transmashholding

Revenue: RUB 140 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Kirill Lipa

Number of employees: 52,700

Net debt: RUB 15 billion

Net profit: 10 billion rubles.

mechanical engineering

Iskander Makhmudov, the main owner of UMMC-Holding, began to assemble machine-building plants in Transmashholding in 2002, and now TMH is the largest company in the industry, uniting a dozen and a half manufacturers of rolling stock for the railway and metro. The bulk of the holding's revenue comes from orders from Russian Railways for electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, electric trains and passenger cars. Makhmudov and his partner Andrey Bokarev became No. 1 in the Forbes ranking "Kings of the state order", having received orders for 130.7 billion rubles in 2014.

Revenue: RUB 138.3 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Tatyana Lukovetskaya

Number of employees: 6371

Net debt: RUB 9 billion

Net profit: RUB 4.7 billion

Trade

The largest car dealer in the country was created by Sergey Petrov in 1991. At the end of 2014, Rolf sold 91,693 new cars, which is 14.4% more than a year earlier. The company's share in the Russian automotive market was 3.7%. In 2011, a long-term strategy was approved, which recognized the retail direction as a key business. In 2012, Rolf sold a 51% stake in its logistics operator ROLF SCS Japanese company NYK and completed the sale of a controlling stake in Rolf Import, the distributor of Mitsubishi in Russia, to the Japanese concerns Mitsubishi Motors Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation. Now "Rolf Import" is called "MMS Rus".

43. Nizhnekamskneftekhim

Revenue: RUB 137 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Nizhnekamsk

CEO: Azat Bikmurzin

Number of employees: 16,772

Net profit: 9.4 billion rubles.

Net debt: minus 196 million rubles.

Capitalization: 66.7 billion rubles.

Petrochemistry

This company from Tatarstan is Russia's largest producer of synthetic rubber and raw materials for its synthesis (42% of the world market). Almost half of the revenue comes from the export of products. The company is controlled by the TAIF group (50.6%), among the main owners of which are the sons of the ex-president of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev Radik and Airat. The blocking stake in Nizhnekamskneftekhim belongs to Svyazinvestneftekhim, which is controlled by the government of Tatarstan. In 2014, the company transferred 9 billion rubles in taxes to budgets of various levels.

44. Uralkali

Revenue: RUB 136.5 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Berezniki,

Perm region

CEO: Dmitry Osipov

Number of employees: 20,800

Net loss: RUB 33.3 billion

Capitalization: 602 billion rubles.

fertilizers

One of the world's largest producers of potash fertilizers (20% of the market). By the mid-1990s, a native of the Kama region, the future billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev bought up a stake in the enterprise and headed the board of directors. The further history of the company is the struggle of the owner with potash traders against the backdrop of frequent soil collapses at the production site (five accidents in 10 years). Since 2010, the company has changed several owners and went to Mikhail Prokhorov. In 2013, Uralkali was at the center of an international scandal over an export sales scheme. General Director Vladislav Baumgertner was arrested by the KGB of Belarus, and the case was subsequently dropped.

Revenue: RUB 135.1 billion

(company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Samvel Karapetyan

Number of employees: 45,000

Real estate

Samvel Karapetyan started his business with wholesale trade, then went into retail and construction. Today, Tashir owns 25 large retail and eight office centers. In addition, having taken up housing construction after the 2008 crisis, the company has built five residential complexes. Tashir is developing its own energy company, Kaskad. In the near future, the territory of the Trekhgornaya manufactory in Moscow will be built up, it is planned to build 94,000 square meters. m. In addition, "Tashir" includes 10 hotels, JSCB "Fora-bank", a chain of restaurants and other enterprises.

46. ​​Rusenergosbyt

Revenue: RUB 132.2 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Zinoviev

Number of employees: 779

Net debt: RUB 831 million

Net profit: RUB 5.2 billion

Power industry

Rusenergosbyt is the second largest Russian independent energy trader in terms of revenue, owned by Grigory Berezkin's ESN group and Enel energy concern (49.5%). Rusenergo-Sbyt operates in more than 60 regions of the country and supplies electricity to more than 115,000 customers. The key consumer of Rusenergosbyt is Russian Railways, among the clients are also Kamaz, Sollers, the Magnit retail chain, as well as enterprises of the GAZ group. In March 2015, Enel, which also owns a 56.4% stake in the energy company Enel Russia, published its five-year development plan, according to which Russia falls out of its sphere of interest.

47. TAIF-NK

Revenue: RUB 132 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Nizhnekamsk

CEO: Rushan Shamgunov

Number of employees: 3135

Net profit: 10.7 billion rubles

Net debt: minus 11 billion rubles

Petrochemistry

TAIF-NK combines an oil refinery and a gasoline plant. In 2014, the enterprise's capacities were fully loaded: oil refining amounted to 7.3 million tons per year, gas condensate - 1 million tons. The share of TAIF-NK in the total volume of oil refining in Russia amounted to 3%. Export of products provides 58% of revenue. Almost 62 billion rubles of taxes and fees were transferred by the company to the budgets of all levels. The enterprise is controlled by the TAIF group, co-owned by the sons of the ex-president of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev Radik and Airat.

48. OMK

Revenue: RUB 129 billion

(company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Anatoly Sedykh

Number of employees: 27,021

Net debt: RUB 62.5 billion

Net loss: RUB 13 billion

Ferrous metallurgy

In 2014, the steel pipe manufacturer OMK's revenue grew by 23%, EBITDA by 22%, but due to the devaluation of the ruble, the depreciation of the American OMK Tube and the decommissioning of the Chusovoy Metallurgical Plant, the loss amounted to 13 billion rubles. To improve financial results by the end of 2015, the company promised to take anti-crisis measures: reduce production costs, reduce investment, tighten control over settlements with counterparties and shorten the production cycle.

49. ChTPZ

Revenue: RUB 128 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Grubman

Number of employees: 28,694

Net debt: RUB 94 billion

Net loss: RUB 1.2 billion

Ferrous metallurgy

ChTPZ is the second largest pipe manufacturer in Russia. In 2014, ChTPZ and the Pervouralsk Novotrubny Plant, which is part of the group, shipped a record volume of products for the entire post-Soviet period - 2.073 million tons. But the year turned out to be difficult for Andrey Komarov, the main shareholder of ChTPZ. In March 2014, he and his lawyer Alexander Shibanov were detained on suspicion of trying to bribe official. In July 2015, Komarov was released from house arrest, and the lawyer was released from the pre-trial detention center. The case has been taken to court.

50. Antipinsky Oil Refinery

Revenue: RUB 125 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Tyumen

CEO: Gennady Lisovichenko

Number of staff: 1500

Net debt: RUB 87.7 billion

Net loss: RUB 34.4 billion

Oil and gas

The plant, which opened in the industrial zone of Tyumen in 2006, produces gasoline and diesel fuel. In 2014, the volume of refining reached 8 million tons of oil per year, the volume of production - 6.2 million tons. The company intends to engage in its own production. In March 2015, the plant won a tender for three small oil fields in the Orenburg region with total C1 reserves of 42 million tons of oil and 1.5 billion cubic meters of gas, paying 16 billion rubles for them. One of the co-owners of the refinery is a classmate of President Vladimir Putin, Nikolai Yegorov, co-founder of the law firm Egorov, Puginsky, Afanasiev and Partners.

51. Phosagro

Revenue: RUB 123.1 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Guryev

Number of employees: 19,663

Net debt: RUB 48.2 billion

Net loss: RUB 13.4 billion

Capitalization: 369 billion rubles.

fertilizers

Phosagro is one of the world's largest producers of phosphate fertilizers. The key enterprise is Apatit. The controlling shareholder is ex-senator Andrey Guryev, among the minority shareholders is Vladimir Litvinenko, rector of the Gorny National Mineral and Raw Materials University, where Vladimir Putin defended his thesis. The Menatep group of Khodorkovsky took part in the formation of the Phosagro business, from which the Phosagro management, headed by Guryev, bought out a block of shares in 2005. Since December 2014, two former PhosAgro managers have tried to claim their stake in the holding. One of them, Alexander Gorbachev, filed a lawsuit in a Cypriot court. The decision was expected in mid-September.

52. GAZ Group

Revenue: RUB 120 billion (IFRS)

President: Vadim Sorokin

Number of employees: 257,600

Net debt: RUB 56.2 billion

Net loss: RUB 2.1 billion

Capitalization: 7.9 billion rubles.

mechanical engineering

The GAZ group includes 13 enterprises that produce 50% of light commercial vehicles, 70% of buses and 24% of trucks in Russia. The main shareholder of the company is the Russian Machines engineering holding, which is part of Oleg Deripaska's Basic Element.

In 2014, the group produced 69,400 vehicles, down 16% from the year before. Revenue from sales to non-CIS countries increased by 56% to RUB 7.2 billion. In 2014, the GAZ Group received European approval allowing the sale of gazelles in the EU countries, opened production in Turkey, and began negotiations on distribution in 30 countries. In the first half of 2015, GAZ sales fell by 26%, while the entire Russian car market fell by 36%.

53. National Computer Corporation

Revenue: RUB 115.7 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexander Kalinin

Number of staff: 2600

The National Computer Corporation was born in 2003 when the owners of five independent companies pooled their assets. Now NCC includes the distributor of computer equipment OCS, the manufacturer of computers Aquarius, the developer of server hardware Yadro, the distributor and integrator Sistematika. Equipment under the Aquarius brand is produced at its own plant in the Ivanovo region, in 2014 the corporation increased its production capacity. According to the report of the analytical agency IDC, Aquarius is one of the five largest server providers in the Russian market in 2014.

54. DNS

Revenue: RUB 115.1 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Vladivostok

CEO: Dmitry Alekseev

Number of employees: 15,000

Trade

The first DNS computer store opened in 1998 in Vladivostok. Now the group of companies manages more than 1200 stores in 400 cities of Russia. Under the umbrella brand, DNS develops discounter TechnoPoint and small shops with digital and mobile technology Smart. Since December 2014, the company has new format— Frau Technika, appliance stores decorated in crimson and purple. In the spring of 2014, the company acquired the Computer World network (21 stores in St. Petersburg and 11 cities in the Northwestern District). It produces computers and portable equipment under its own brands - in 2012 it opened an assembly plant.

55. Euroset

Revenue: RUB 115 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexander Malis

Number of staff: 30,000

Trade

Since July 2014, 50% of Euroset has been owned directly by MegaFon (the remaining 50% belongs to VimpelCom). According to MegaFon, after this transaction, the operator's savings on commissions to dealers reached 48%. Ksenia Sobchak ceased to be a shareholder of Euroset back in 2012, but her current stormy activity and former property haunt the deputies. In the fall of 2014, after a public discussion between Sobchak and director Nikita Mikhalkov, the deputies turned to the prosecutor's office with a request to check the purity of the transaction, during which the TV presenter received 0.1% of the retailer's shares and earned $ 1.3 million from their sale.

56 Eurasia Drilling Company

Revenue: RUB 114.8 billion (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Japaridze

Number of employees: 21,850

Net profit: RUB 16.2 billion

Net debt: RUB 42.3 billion

Capitalization: $1.8 billion (LSE)

Oil and gas

The volume of the market for drilling services in Russia in 2014 is $15.4 billion (estimated by Deloitte & Tuche), 28% fall to the share of Eurasia Drilling Company (EDC). The company was founded by Alexander Dzhaparidze, having bought the drilling division of Lukoil in 2004 for $130 million. In 2007, the shares were placed in London (an IPO estimate of $3.4 billion). Dzhaparidze is the largest shareholder of EDC (30.2%), the ex-president of Rosneft Alexander Putilov has 22.4%, and 30% of the shares are in free float. In January 2015, the sale of a 45.65% stake in EDC to the Schlumberger oilfield service company was announced for $1.7 billion. The deal requires approval by the government commission on foreign investment, which has postponed its consideration more than once.

57. Transaero

Revenue: RUB 113.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Olga Pleshakova

Number of employees: 11,507

Net debt: RUB 67.6 billion

Net loss: RUB 19.3 billion

Transport

Transaero is second only to Aeroflot in terms of traffic volume - in 2014 it transported about 13.2 million people. The company has a high debt burden, with a net debt/EBITDA ratio of 9 at the end of 2014. In September 2014, Transaero applied for state support. The company was founded in 1991 by the son of the Minister of Radio Industry of the USSR Alexander Pleshakov, and since 2001 it has been managed by his wife Olga. For two, they own 36.6% of the company, another 3% belongs to Alexander's mother Tatyana Anodina, chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC). On September 1, 2015, it became known that Aeroflot was buying 75% plus 1 share of Transaero for a symbolic 1 ruble.

58. Eldorado

Revenue: RUB 111.7 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Ondrej Friedrich

Number of employees: 14,000

Trade

The company, founded in 1994 by brothers Igor and Oleg Yakovlev, trades household appliances and electronics. During the 2008 crisis, banks demanded that the network repay loans ahead of schedule. The Czech PPF group of Peter Kellner helped - on the security of a controlling stake, it provided a loan for $ 300 million, and later bought out the remaining share for $ 250 million. In March 2014, PPF announced that one of its shareholders, Jiri Schmeits, would receive 20% in Eldorado. A year later, the co-owners invested 7.3 billion rubles in the network. "Eldorado" has 384 hypermarkets and four stores for the issuance of goods purchased online (14% of revenue in 2014). Now the network is expanding its assortment - it sells goods for the home, garden, renovation and for children.

59. Messenger

Revenue: RUB 111 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Michael Touch

Number of employees: 22,000

Trade

The network, created in 1995 by Maxim Nogotkov, received Oleg Malis, the younger brother of the president of Euroset, Alexander Malis, for debts. The brothers do not comment on the hypothetical merger of two cellular retailers, but interact. Since the beginning of 2015, connections to MTS in Svyaznoy have decreased five times, but sales of MegaFon and VimpelCom contracts, which own Euroset, resumed. In the summer of 2015, MTS terminated cooperation with Svyaznoy. At the same time, in the Euroset stores, the issuance of goods ordered from Enter began, this business of Nogotkov also went to Oleg Malis.

60. Kamaz

Revenue: RUB 110.6 billion (IFRS)

President: Sergey Kogogin

Number of employees: 53,000

Net debt: RUB 12.7 billion

Net profit: 200 million rubles.

Capitalization: 24.8 billion rubles.

mechanical engineering

The largest Russian manufacturer of heavy trucks occupies 41% of the domestic market. Kamaz is 49.9% owned by the state corporation Rostec, 20.8% of the shares are owned by Avtoinvest Ltd., 11% by Daimler AG. In 2014, the company sold 38,655 trucks, 5,177 less than in 2013. The company's net profit decreased by 20 times. At the annual meeting of shareholders, it was decided not to pay dividends for 2014. In six months of 2015, Kamaz sold 7,697 trucks, which is 52.7% less compared to the same period in 2014. At the same time, its share in the truck market increased to 54.3%.

61. Universal Cargo Logistics Holding BV

Revenue: RUB 110 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Amsterdam

CEO: Igor Fedorov

Number of employees: 18,500

Transport

Universal Cargo Logistics Holding BV — transport company owner of NLMK Vladimir Lisin, the billionaire spent a significant part of his metallurgical income to create this business. UCL is comprised of three divisions: UCL Rail (railway transportation), UCL Port (stevedoring services) and VBTH (shipping companies and shipbuilding). According to Forbes, the total revenue of all divisions decreased compared to 2013 by 25 billion rubles.

62. Eurosibenergo

Revenue: RUB 110 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vyacheslav Solomin

Number of employees: 27,000

Electricity

Eurosibenergo, one of the largest private energy producers in Russia and one of the largest hydro-generating companies in the world, controls 18 power plants (including the Bratsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Ust-Ilimsk HPPs). Eurosibenergo is part of Oleg Deripaska's En+ holding. In May 2015, CEO Vyacheslav Solomin said that Eurosibenergo plans to become an operating company, which in the future may conduct an IPO or attract a strategic investor. To do this, it consolidated more than 90% of the shares of the Krasnoyarsk HPP, having bought out a 25% stake in the HPP from RusHydro in 2014, and is also negotiating with Inter RAO to buy out a 40% stake in Irkutskenergo.

63. Irkutskenergo

Revenue: RUB 107.64 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Irkutsk

CEO: Oleg Prichko

Number of staff: 7856

Net profit: 3 billion rubles.

Net debt: RUB 47.4 billion

Capitalization: 33.6 billion rubles.

Electricity

Irkutskenergo owns hydro and heat generating assets with a capacity of 19.5 gigawatts in Siberia. The company is controlled by Eurosibenergo (part of the En + group of Oleg Deripaska), 40% of the shares are owned by the state energy holding InterRAO. Eurosibenergo claims for the InterRAO stake, but the head of Inter RAO, Boris Kovalchuk, said that the company would not sell the stake for less than the amount at which it was valued when it was invested in the capital of the state-owned company in 2010 (48.6 billion rubles), which is more than three times higher than its current market value. The authorities of Buryatia at the beginning of 2015 stated a record shallowing of Lake Baikal (for 60 years), accusing Irkutsk-Energo of causing environmental damage.

64. GK Commonwealth

Revenue: RUB 105.7 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Luxembourg

CEO: Alexander Lutsenko

Number of staff: 2000

EBITDA: $205 million

Agroprom

In the 2013-2014 financial year, the revenue of the Sodruzhestvo Group, the largest oilseed processor and exporter of agricultural products, grew by 34%, EBITDA - by 68%. In February 2015, the company opened a new headquarters in Luxembourg. In March 2015, co-owner of the company Alexander Lutsenko became CEO: and Stefan Frappa, who held this post, resigned.

65. SU-155

Revenue: RUB 104.2 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Meshcheryakov

Number of employees: 40,000

Construction

Since 2009, the company of the Moscow City Duma deputy Mikhail Balakin has regularly received bankruptcy claims from suppliers, contractors and other contractors. In the summer of 2015, the company's CEO Alexander Meshcheryakov was accused of tax evasion in the amount of 200 million rubles. However, in the operating activities of one of the largest construction companies numerous legal proceedings do not affect the country, in 2015 SU-155 built and put into operation 327,000 sq. m. and sold non-core assets for almost 3 billion rubles.

66. SIA International

Revenue: RUB 98.5 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Sharapanyuk

Net profit: 144 million rubles.

Trade

The company was founded in 1993 by Novosibirsk businessman Igor Rudinsky. For 10 years, the businessman Shabtai Kalmanovich (killed in 2009) was a co-owner of the company. In the second half of the 2000s, SIA International repeatedly became the largest Russian drug distributor, and now it is in third place in terms of revenue. In 2009, the holding got a 25% stake in Pharmacy Chain 36.6 for debts, from whose capital it withdrew in 2012. After the death of Rudinsky in the fall of 2014, the heirs confirmed that they would sell 51% of SIA International to the R-Pharm pharmaceutical group of Alexei Repik, as the founder planned to do. The deal has not been closed yet.

67. LSR Group

Revenue: RUB 92.3 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Andrey Molchanov

Number of employees: 15,500

Net profit: RUB 9.2 billion

EBITDA: RUB 21.6 billion

Net debt: RUB 2 billion

Capitalization: 58.6 billion rubles.

Construction

LSR Group, the main owner of which is the ex-senator from Leningrad region Andrey Molchanov, like all developers, is suffering from falling demand. If in 2014 revenue grew by 53%, and EBITDA - by 84%, then in the first half of 2015 revenue decreased by 11%. Towards " Construction Materials» a more significant drop: revenue fell by 25%, EBITDA - by 40%. New contracts for the sale of real estate in all regions of presence (Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg) were concluded for six months by 45% less than for the same period in 2014. In May, Molchanov returned to operational management, taking the post of general director.

68. Major

Revenue: RUB 90 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Mikhail Bakhtiarov

Trade

Major is the second largest car dealer in Russia (after Rolf). The company was founded in 1998 by former managers of Musa Motors dealer (the president of the company is one of its founders). The partners started the business with Chrysler and Jeep cars, and now the company is a dealer of 38 car brands. The retail network has grown over the year from 59 to 77 car dealerships in Moscow, the number of motorcycle dealerships has doubled to 10. Seven car dealerships of the company operate in St. Petersburg. In 2015, Major, which previously traded exclusively in foreign cars, became official dealer AvtoVAZ. In the first half of 2015, the share of Lada cars in the Moscow region increased from 3% to 4.5%.

69. Growth

Revenue: RUB 88.4 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: David Panikashvili

Trade

The group was formed in 2002 as a result of the merger of several pharmaceutical companies from St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Samara and is now one of the five largest drug distributors. Until 2011, the Finnish distributor Tamro owned a stake in the holding. Then one of the founders David Panikashvili became the main owner, who acquired 42% of the shares from the Finns. The pharmacy chain owned by the group, formed as a result of the merger of the Raduga and First Aid chains, is the fourth in Russia in terms of the number of outlets (more than 850). Rosta also has a factory in St. Petersburg, where the French manufacturer Ipsen launched contract production of the neurological drug Tanakan.

70. Tele2

Revenue: RUB 87.4 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Mikhail Noskov

Number of employees: 7929

Telecommunications

Since 2013, the Tele2 operator has become Russian: in March, VTB Bank bought the company from Swedish shareholders for $3.5 billion, and then resold 50% to the structures of billionaires Yuri Kovalchuk and Alexei Mordashov. At the beginning of 2014, Tele2 Russia merged with the mobile assets of the state communications operator Rostelecom. Almost simultaneously with the change of ownership, Tele2 received approval to launch fast mobile Internet in its networks. The company is preparing to enter the Moscow market, the richest region for operators, where only MTS, MegaFon and VimpelCom operate.

71. Polyus Gold

Revenue: RUB 86.42 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: London, UK

CEO: Pavel Grachev

Number of employees: 19,080

Net debt: RUB 12.6 billion

Net loss: RUB 7 billion

Capitalization: £5.9bn (LSE)

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Polyus Gold is the largest Russian gold mining company. Its main shareholders are the son of Suleiman Kerimov Said (40.2%), the structures of Gavril Yushvaev (19.3%) and Oleg Mkrtchan (18.5%), the rest of the shares are in free float. Polyus Gold completed 2014 with a net loss of $182 million, but EBITDA grew to $1 billion (up 11% compared to 2013). In the summer of 2015, management and shareholders discussed the possibility of changing the parent company Polyus Gold, registered on the island of Jersey, to the Russian Polyus Gold, however, a final decision on this issue was not made at the time of publication of the rating.

72. ATEK Group

Revenue: RUB 85 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Ufa

CEO: Vladimir Fedorov

Number of staff: 218

Net profit: 310.5 million rubles.

Trade

The Ufa oil trader ATEK, founded in 2001 by brothers Igor and Evgeny Bidilo, grew up on tolling oil refining schemes, supplying raw materials to refineries in Bashkiria. In 2009, AFK Sistema, which bought the enterprises of the Bashkir fuel and energy complex, refused the services of ATEK, and the Ufa company focused on trading petroleum products, working with Rosneft, Lukoil, Shell, Surgutneftegaz.

73. Renaissance Construction

Revenue: RUB 83.4 billion (company data)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Andrey Vlasenko

Number of employees: 23 186

Construction

The company was founded in 1993 by an employee of the Turkish "Enka" Erman Ylydzhak in St. Petersburg. At first, Rönesans built buildings for the Baltika brewing company and IKEI, but after the 2008 crisis, the contractor began to actively develop in Moscow, and then in Turkey and other countries. Rönesans has over 500 built facilities with total area over 15 million sq. m, and the portfolio of orders exceeds $ 7 billion. The company is building three skyscrapers in Moscow City, including the Federation Tower, which has gone through several changes of owners and general contractors.

74. Lanit

Revenue: RUB 81.5 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Igor Dubrovo

Number of staff: 5998

Lanit, founded by Georgy Gens in 1989, is one of the oldest IT companies in Russia. The main field of activity is system integration and development software products. Although now the group also includes Inventive Retail Group, which unites several retail chains. Georgy Gens entrusted this part of the business to his son Philip. However, all is not well in business. In the middle of 2015 IBM refused partnership with Lanit after 20 years of cooperation. For another Russian integrator, Croc, a similar move by IBM later resulted in a major scandal over Sberbank's purchases.

75. Sportsmaster

Revenue: RUB 81.1 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Leonid Strakhov

Number of employees: 15,000

Trade

Sportmaster calls itself the largest sports retailer in Eastern Europe - every year more than 450 stores of the company are visited by about 200 million people. The founders of the company Nikolai Fartushnyak with his brother and two of their comrades have been distributing Kettler sports equipment since 1992, and four years later they switched to retail. The company also franchises the Columbia chain and owns 700 O'Stin casual clothing stores. In March 2014, one of the first Russian retailers entered the Chinese market - now there are 11 stores operating there under the Sportmaster brand.

76. Uralchem

Revenue: RUB 78.3 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Konyaev

Number of employees: 10 298

Net debt: RUB 242.3 billion

Net loss: RUB 79.7 billion

fertilizers

The holding belongs to the former president of Sibur, Dmitry Mazepin, who in 2007 merged fertilizer enterprises in the Kirov Region and the Perm Territory. The company produces more than a quarter of ammonium nitrate in Russia and is the leader in this segment. In 2013, Uralchem ​​became one of the participants in the deal to change the owners of the Uralkali holding: in December, it acquired a 19.9% ​​stake for $3.8 billion.

77. Biblio Globe

Revenue: RUB 78 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Tugolukov

Number of employees: 491

Tour operator "Biblio Globus" was created by Alexander Tugolukov, son-in-law of the owner of the bookstores "Biblio Globus" Boris Yesenkin. The geography of the "Biblio Globe" includes more than 33 areas. Since 2014, the company has started working in Germany, Portugal, Great Britain, Costa Rica, the Netherlands, Fiji, Uzbekistan, Spain, Chile, Peru. The company has sent more than 2.4 million tourists on trips over the past year and a half.

78. Autoworld

Revenue: RUB 77.9 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Nikolai Gruzdev

Number of staff: 6995

Trade

During the first year of operation (1993), the company managed to sell only a few dozen Zhiguli and Volga cars, a year later sales increased to 1200 cars. Now Avtomir sells cars of 19 brands through 49 dealerships (18 of them are located in Moscow, 28 in the Russian regions, and three in Kazakhstan). In 2014, the company sold 75,500 new vehicles, 7,500 fewer than in 2013. Sales of used cars for the year increased by 25%, to 14,500. The company's share in the federal market was 2.9%, in the capital - 6.5%. For six months of 2015, the Russian car market decreased by 36%. 15% of employees were sent on unscheduled vacations at Avtomir.

79. V.I.P. Service

Revenue: RUB 76 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Gorin

Number of staff: 1785

The company, established in 1993, owns a network for booking and selling air and railway tickets in Moscow and the Moscow region. “V.I.P. Service” sells tickets online as well — the company sells up to 13,000 tickets per day through the Biletix and Portbilet web portals alone. In addition, the holding is developing the hotel business: the Don Quixote complex was opened in Rostov-on-Don, and a network of hostels under the Gorod brand was launched at Russian railway stations.

80. Akron

Revenue: RUB 74.6 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Veliky Novgorod

CEO: Vladimir Kunitsky

Number of employees: 15 100

Net debt: RUB 55.8 billion

Net profit: RUB 6.9 billion

Capitalization: 109.3 billion rubles.

fertilizers

The main owner of Akron, Vyacheslav Kantor, began to form the holding in 1993, when, after conducting an environmental review at the Novgorod chemical enterprise, Azot decided to participate in its privatization and bought up almost half a ton of vouchers. The holding also included an enterprise in the Smolensk region and a plant in the Chinese province of Shandong. In 2012, Acron commissioned the Oleniy Ruchey mine, Russia's third-largest apatite concentrate producer, adding its own phosphate rock to nitrogen. A consortium of Indian chemical companies is going to join the potash project being developed by Acron, the Verkhnekamsk Potash Company.

81. Miratorg

Revenue: RUB 74.05 billion

(company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Viktor Linnik

Number of employees: 20,000

EBITDA: RUB 23.2 billion

Agroprom

The Miratorg agro-industrial holding was created by the brothers Viktor and Alexander Linnik in 1995, having earned start-up capital by organizing leisure and accommodation for foreign tourists in Moscow. One of these guests advised the Linniks to start importing European products. Their company is still one of the largest Russian producers and importers of meat. In 2014, the total sales of Miratorg increased by 14%, to 493,000 tons. The holding increased the share of its own production in total sales to 77%.

82. Transoil

Revenue: RUB 73.8 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Vladimir Sokolov

Number of staff: 1397

Net profit: RUB 11.7 billion

Transport

The railway carrier Transoil, controlled by billionaire Gennady Timchenko, intends to become a key player in the wagon repair market and provide trading and transshipment services in ports, as well as increase its share in the oil and petroleum products transportation market to 30%, follows from the company's development strategy until 2020. The movement towards the goal has begun: in the summer of 2014, Transoil received permission from the Federal Antimonopoly Service to purchase the cargo operator Neftetransport. At the same time, the company announced the acquisition of a 25% stake in the shunting operator of the port of Ust-Luga - PUL trans, and in December it became known about Transoil's interest in Infotek-Baltika M.

83. Jenser

Revenue: RUB 71.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board: Vladimir Pronin

Number of staff: 4960

Trade

Created in 1991 by graduate students of Moscow State Technical University. Bauman, the company began with the sale of SAAB cars. Now it ranks fourth in terms of annual revenue among Russian dealers, 36 auto centers of the company sell new cars of 17 brands. The company is controlled by Chairman of the Board Vladimir Pronin and the heirs of Igor Ponomarev, one of the founders of Jenser, who died in 2010. In 2014, the company sold over 64,000 vehicles, up 11% from 2013. permanent corporate clients companies are the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FSO, the Supreme Court, large state corporations.

84. Utair

Revenue: RUB 71 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Khanty-Mansiysk

CEO: Andrey Martirosov

Number of employees: 5083

Net debt: RUB 86 billion

Net loss: RUB 22.3 billion

Transport

UTair, controlled by the Surgutneftegaz pension fund, is one of the three largest Russian air carriers (11.2 million passengers in 2014) and delivers passengers and cargo both by aircraft and helicopters - the company owns the largest helicopter fleet in Russia (343 aircraft of various models). The company has a high debt burden. UTair is negotiating the provision of a state guarantee for 9 billion rubles, which is needed to obtain a syndicated loan of up to 29.5 billion rubles for a period of seven years, Vedomosti wrote. As part of a cost-cutting program, the company cut its headcount by two-thirds (5,083 in 2014 versus 15,000 in 2013).

85. Siberia

Revenue: RUB 70.7 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Novosibirsk

CEO: Vladimir Obiedkov

Number of staff: 2672

Net profit: RUB 869 million

Transport

Sibir (S7 Airlines brand) is the fourth largest airline in Russia in terms of passenger traffic. In 2013, its liners carried about 8 million passengers. The air park has 58 aircraft. The owners of the airline are the spouses Natalya and Vladislav Filev. In 1997, they bought out the shares of Siberia Airlines from employees, a little later they became the owners of a controlling stake in the enterprise and started developing their business by acquiring small air carriers. In 2013, the Filevs bought out the state-owned stake in Siberia in the amount of 25.5% of the shares for 1.13 billion rubles, consolidating 100% of the company. According to Forbes, against the backdrop of multibillion-dollar debts of competitors, Siberia has a negative net debt.

86. Russian copper company

Revenue: 70 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Yekaterinburg

CEO: Vsevolod Levin

Number of employees: 7761

Non-ferrous metallurgy

The Russian Copper Company is the third largest copper producer in Russia. RCC enterprises are located in the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Novgorod regions and Kazakhstan. The main owner of the company is billionaire Igor Altushkin. In 2014, he agreed with the famous British architect Norman Foster on the construction of the RCC headquarters in Yekaterinburg. The construction is planned to be completed in a few years.

87. Power machines

Revenue: RUB 69.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Roman Filippov

Number of employees: 17,000

Net profit: RUB 10.3 billion

Net debt: RUB 23.1 billion

mechanical engineering

The largest domestic power engineering company. In 2014, revenue increased by 8% to RUB 69.8 billion, including through the sale of housing built by the company in St. Petersburg on the site of its former industrial site. In the summer of 2015, a joint venture between Power Machines (35% share) and Siemens (65%) launched a new complex for the production and service of gas turbines with a capacity of 172 and 307 MW in the Leningrad Region. Before gas turbines such capacity was not produced in Russia.

88. Cherkizovo

Revenue: RUB 69.3 billion (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Sergey Mikhailov

Number of employees: 21,303

EBITDA: RUB 17 billion

Net debt: RUB 26.07 billion

Agroprom

Cherkizovo Group is one of the country's largest producers of meat products. Founded by its current chairman of the board of directors, Igor Babaev, on the basis of the Cherkizovsky Meat Processing Plant.

The group unites over 40 enterprises in Moscow, as well as in the Penza, Tambov, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Oryol regions. In 2014, it produced more than 800,000 tons of meat products and about 1.4 million tons of animal feed.

Thanks to the acquisition of Lisko-Broiler, the largest Voronezh poultry meat producer, Cherkizovo Group increased poultry sales to 417 million tons.

89.Globaltrans

Headquarters: Limassol, Cyprus

CEO: Sergey Maltsev

Number of staff: 1575

Net debt: RUB 23.7 billion

Net profit: 571 million rubles.

Capitalization: $615 million (LSE)

Transport

Globaltrans, the largest private railway operator, is engaged in the transportation of metallurgical and construction cargoes, oil products and coal. The main shareholders of the company are billionaires Konstantin Nikolaev, Nikita Mishin and Andrey Filatov, each owning 11.5%. In 2014, the company's net profit decreased by 14 times, revenue decreased by 8%. At the meeting of shareholders, it was decided not to pay dividends for 2014, the company said that the money would be required to reduce the debt burden.

90. Sinara

Revenue: RUB 68.7 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Yekaterinburg

CEO: Mikhail Khodorovsky

Number of employees: 22,500

mechanical engineering

The Sinara Group, founded in 2001, is owned by the main owner of the Pipe Metallurgical Company (TMK) Dmitry Pumpyansky and, in addition to transport engineering, develops financial, tourism, agricultural, energy business and development. The company earns from government contracts: in 2010, it created a joint venture with Siemens Ural Locomotives, which is provided with orders from Russian Railways until 2020. Since July 2014, STM-Service, which is part of Sinara, has won auctions for a total of 12.5 billion rubles and received 26 service locomotive depots of Russian Railways (5,000 locomotives) under management. About 11,000 employees transferred from Russian Railways to the company.

91. TechnoNIKOL

Revenue: RUB 68.6 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Sergey Kolesnikov

Number of staff: 6704

Construction Materials

The company was founded in 1992 by Sergey Kolesnikov and Igor Rybakov. TechnoNIKOL is one of the country's largest manufacturers of roofing and insulation materials. With the use of the company's materials, 206 shopping malls, 66 production facilities and 18 airports and railway stations were built. The company has 38 different factories and five research centers, its products are exported to Europe, India and China. In 2016, TechnoNIKOL is going to launch a new plant for the production of stone wool in the Rostov region, the declared investment is 3 billion rubles.

92. Agrokom

Revenue: RUB 65.7 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Rostov-on-Don

CEO: Sergey Sapotnitsky

Number of employees: 15,000

EBITDA: RUB 8 billion

Agroprom

The main assets of the Agrokom group, owned by businessman and ex-State Duma deputy Ivan Savvidi, are the Donskoy Tabak tobacco factory, the Atlantis-pack packaging plant, and meat production. In addition, Agrocom owns a greenhouse complex, production mineral water, the company owns a large stake in Rostov-on-Don Airport and the Rostov Civil Aviation Plant. On the site of the Taurus sausage factory closed six years ago in the center of Rostov-on-Don, Agrocom plans to build more than 400,000 sq. m. m of housing and commercial real estate.

93. Polymetal International

Revenue: RUB 65.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

Chief Executive Officer: Vitaly Nesis

Number of employees: 8853

Net debt: RUB 48.2 billion

Net loss: RUB 8.1 billion

Capitalization: 204.3 billion rubles.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Polymetal International is the largest silver producer and one of the leading gold miners in Russia. The main shareholders of the company are Petr Kellner, Alexander Nesis and Alexander Mamut. In 2014, Polymetal acquired the Kyzyl project, a large gold deposit in Kazakhstan, for $618.5 million. In April 2015, the head of the company, Vitaly Nesis, said that Polymetal International was ready to take advantage of opportunities for new mergers and acquisitions. At the end of 2014, the company paid dividends to shareholders in the amount of $173 million.

94. Metalservice

Revenue: RUB 63.2 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Manchenko

Trade

Metallservice is the largest Russian metal trader providing storage and processing services for metal products. Metallservice warehouses are located in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Penza, Bryansk, Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Krasnodar, Kursk, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Khabarovsk, Barnaul and Minsk. In 2014, the company reported that more than 50,000 customers had chosen it as a supplier. The total volume of rolled metal sold amounted to about 2 million tons.

95. Kurs group of companies

Revenue: RUB 62.4 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Tatyana Volodina

Net profit: RUB 5.6 billion

Trade

Maxim Klimov opened his first L'Etoile store in 1997 on Smolenskaya Square, on the site of the famous Ruslan store in Soviet times. For many years, the company competed with its closest competitor, the Arbat Prestige chain of Vladimir Nekrasov. After Nekrasov's arrest in 2008 (suspected of using shell companies and tax evasion), Klimov's chain rented premises at the site of some of the competitor's stores. Arbat Prestige ceased to exist in 2009, and now L'Etoile is the undisputed market leader, with more than 900 stores in 200 cities. During 2015, the company promises to open another 100 outlets.

96. FSK Leader

Revenue: RUB 62 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Voronin

Number of staff: 5700

Construction

For 10 years of work, Vladimir Voronin's financial and construction corporation "Leader" has built more than 4 million square meters. m of real estate, creating 12 new quarters, and sold 35,000 apartments. The company has a development, real estate and construction divisions. In addition to Moscow and the Moscow region, the company operates in St. Petersburg, Kaluga and Gelendzhik. In 2014, Leader more than doubled its revenue, mainly due to growth in home sales. In 2015, the company opened its first major commercial real estate facility, the MARi shopping mall in Maryino with a total area of ​​135,000 sq. m.

97. VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation

Revenue: RUB 61.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Verkhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk region

CEO: Mikhail Voevodin

Number of staff: 20 200

Net debt: RUB 23.5 billion

Net profit: RUB 5.8 billion

Capitalization: 137.9 billion rubles.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

The titanium concern VSMPO-AVISMA first entered the list of private companies in 2013, when the state corporation Rostec sold 45.4% of its shares to management headed by Mikhail Shelkov, a longtime associate of the head of Rostec Sergey Chemezov. Now Chemezov holds the post of chairman of the board of directors of the company, and Shelkov was elected his deputy. Rostec still owns 25% + one share of VSMPO, but this does not prevent the company from entering into large contracts with Boeing and Airbus. Moreover, despite the aggravation of relations between Russia and the West, in the summer of 2015 VSMPO-AVISMA agreed to expand cooperation with these aviation concerns.

98. Kyiv Square

Revenue: RUB 61.5 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: God Nisanov

Number of employees: 23,000

Real estate

The company of billionaires Zarakh Iliev and God Nisanov is known as the operator and owner of the markets and shopping centers, however, masters and other formats of real estate. In 2014, Sergei Sobyanin opened the Food City wholesale complex on Kaluzhskoye Shosse: its total sales area exceeds 346,000 sq. m, the warehouse area is more than 300,000 sq. m. There are 2,000 parking spaces for trade with trucks, the registration of the lease of a parking space, according to the administration, takes only 30 minutes, and you can rent it for a short time - for five days. As a result, many merchants from the closed vegetable warehouse in Biryulyovo moved to Food City. In 2015, Kyiv Ploshchad opened Europe's largest oceanarium at VDNKh.

99. EFKO

Revenue: RUB 61.4 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Alekseevka, Belgorod region

CEO: Evgeny Lyashenko

Number of staff: 9318

Agroprom

In 1992, Valery Kustov and several top managers privatized an enterprise for the production of essential oils in the town of Alekseevka (Belgorod region) and created the company "EFKO" (brand "Sloboda"). In the early 2000s, EFKO began to produce fats for the food and confectionery industries, and then built its own oil transshipment terminal and oil extraction plant in Taman. The company is developing new markets and in 2015 began to produce yogurt under the Sloboda brand (200 tons of products per day). Within five years, EFKO intends to enter the top 5 largest yoghurt producers in Russia.

100. PIK

Revenue: RUB 61.3 billion (IFSO)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Sergey Gordeev

Number of employees: 11,000

Net profit: RUB 3.8 billion

Net debt: RUB 10.3 billion

Capitalization: 124.8 billion rubles.

Construction

PIK, one of the largest housing developers in Moscow and the Moscow region, was founded by Kirill Pisarev and Yuri Zhukov. In 2009, due to the high debt burden, the partners ceded PIK to Suleiman Kerimov, and now the main shareholder of the company is former senator Sergei Gordeev (29.9%), Alexander Mamut owns 16%, Mikail Shishkhanov - 9.8%, the remaining 44% are in free float. In the spring of 2015, it became known that the PIK Group received the right to develop the territory of the former VDNKh motor depot with an area of ​​34 hectares, which is located in the Otradnoye district. Revenue from the sale of housing in the first half of 2015 fell by a quarter, to 18.6 billion rubles.

101. AEON Corporation

Revenue: RUB 60.9 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Mikhail Smirnov

Number of employees: 13 159

Transport

The AEON group was created by Roman Trotsenko. It consists of three dozen enterprises of various profiles, including three shipyards, two river shipping companies, a development company and 11 airports. In August 2015, it became known that AEON would build a residential complex on a plot in Moscow that used to belong to Sergei Polonsky's Mirax Group. AEON also got "Federation2" in Moscow City, which belonged to Polonsky's structures. AEON is a member of the international yacht building consortium Timmerman Yachts. The name (in honor of Franz Timmermann, who "employed" Peter the Great at the Amsterdam shipyards) was invented by the son of the former Minister of Transport Sergei Frank Gleb, who worked at one of Trotsenko's enterprises.

102. Volga-Dnepr

Revenue: RUB 60.9 billion IFRS

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexey Isaikin

Transport

103. Morton

Revenue: RUB 60.7 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexander Nopin

Number of staff: 8030

Construction

104. Eurocement group

Revenue: RUB 60.1 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Mikhail Skorokhod

Number of employees: 17,556

Construction Materials

105. Globalstroy- Engineering

Revenue: RUB 60 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexey Smirnov

Number of employees: 17,883

Construction

106. Confectionery house Vostok

Revenue: RUB 59.9 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Tomsk

President: Sergey Bratushev

Agroprom

107. Rusagro

Revenue: 59.1 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Maxim Basov

Number of employees: 9335

EBITDA: RUB 18.06 billion

Net debt: RUB 3.61 billion

Net profit: RUB 20.2 billion

Capitalization: $933 million (LSE)

Agroprom

108. Transtechservice

Revenue: RUB 58.9 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Naberezhnye Chelny

CEO: Vyacheslav Zubarev

Number of staff: 4895

Trade

109. Finstar

Revenue: RUB 58.3 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Oleg Boyko

Number of staff: 4800

Real estate

110. Element-Trade

Revenue: RUB 57.85 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Yekaterinburg

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Roman Zabolotnov

Number of employees: 13,000

Trade

111. R-Pharm

Revenue: RUB 57.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vasily Ignatiev

Number of staff: 3000

Trade

112. Maria-Ra

Headquarters: Barnaul

CEO: Alexander Rakshin

Number of employees: 16,900

Trade

113. GK Agro-Belogorye

Revenue: RUB 57.6 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Belgorod

CEO: Vladimir Zotov

Number of employees: 8581

Agroprom

114. Intertorg

Revenue: RUB 55.9 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Mushvig Abdullayev

Number of employees: 14,300

Trade

115. Pharmaceutical company Pulse

Revenue: RUB 55 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Khimki

CEO: Mikhail Sirotin

Net profit: 588 million rubles.

Trade

116. Red and White

Revenue: RUB 55 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Chelyabinsk

CEO: Sergey Studennikov

Trade

117. Kazanorgsintez

Revenue: RUB 54.6 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Kazan

CEO: Farid Minigulov

Number of staff: 8650

Net profit: RUB 6.1 billion

Net debt: RUB 15.7 billion

Capitalization: 48.7 billion rubles.

Petrochemistry

118. Seventh Continent

Revenue: RUB 54.2 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Ageenkov

Net profit: RUB 8.5 billion

Number of employees: 10,000

Trade

119. Company Holiday

Revenue: RUB 53.3 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Novosibirsk

CEO: Nikolai Skorokhodov

Number of employees: 18,000

Trade

120. Avilon

Revenue: RUB 52.6 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Pavlovich

Trade

121. Metal set-M

Revenue: RUB 51.9 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Borshchinsky

Number of staff: 1700

Trade

122. Neftetransservice

Revenue: RUB 50.9 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Tertychny

Net debt: RUB 11.8 billion

Net profit: 600 million rubles.

Transport

123. Group of companies Metal Profile

Revenue: RUB 50.9 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Lobnya

CEO: Victor Cherkas

Number of staff: 3612

Ferrous metallurgy

124. Yandex

Revenue: RUB 50.8 billion (US GAAP)

Headquarters: The Hague

CEO: Arkady Volozh

Number of staff: 5616

Net debt: RUB 8.65 billion

Net profit: RUB 17 billion

Capitalization: $3.26 billion (NASDAQ)

125. Autospecial center

Revenue: RUB 50.6 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexander Khalilov

Number of staff: 3500

Trade

126. Velesstroy

Revenue: RUB 50.3 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Zlatko Penic

Number of staff: 5500

Construction

127. Walmart

Revenue: RUB 50 billion (company data)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Sergey Fedorinov

Number of staff: 5000

Trade

128. Novoshakhtinsky Oil Plant

Revenue: RUB 49.5 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Novoshakhtinsk

CEO: Sergey Pankov

Number of staff: 1500

Net debt: RUB 17.2 billion

Net profit: RUB 1.97 billion

Petrochemistry

129. Sollers

Revenue: RUB 47.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vadim Shvetsov

Number of employees: 19 300

Net debt: RUB 5.4 billion

Net loss: RUB 3.7 billion

Capitalization: 13.6 billion rubles.

mechanical engineering

130. United Confectioners

Revenue: RUB 47.6 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Andryushkin

Agroprom

131. Stroytransgaz

Revenue: RUB 47.6 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Mikhail Khryapov

Number of staff: 2917

Construction

132. Industrial and metallurgical holding

Revenue: RUB 47.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Evgeny Zubitsky

Number of staff: 13942

Net debt: RUB 38.7 billion

Net loss: RUB 7.7 billion

Ferrous metallurgy

133. Civil Code Independence

Revenue: RUB 47.1 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chief Managing Director: Elena Zhuravleva

Trade

134. Transengineering

Revenue: RUB 46.1 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Eldar Nagaplov

Construction

135. Quadra - generating company

Revenue: RUB 45.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Tula

CEO: Vladlen Alexandrovich

Number of employees: 7116

Net debt: RUB 29.75 billion

Net loss: RUB 5.6 billion

Capitalization: 5.2 billion rubles.

Power industry

136. Children's world

Revenue: RUB 45.4 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Chirakhov

Number of staff: 7000

Net profit: 2 billion rubles.

Trade

137. Technoserv

Revenue: RUB 45.15 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Sergey Korneev

Number of staff: 2700

138. Rust

Revenue: RUB 44 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Grant Winterton

Number of staff: 4500

Agroprom

139. SK Most

Revenue: RUB 43.9 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Victor Friesen

Number of employees: 20,000

Construction

140. Petersburg Fuel Company

Revenue: RUB 43.9 billion (company data)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Yuri Antonov

Number of staff: 3723

Trade

141. Transyuzhstroy

Revenue: RUB 43.2 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Belgorod

CEO: Alexander Shevelev

Number of staff: 6200

Construction

142. Far Eastern Shipping Company

Revenue: RUB 42.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Konstantin Sokolov

Number of staff: 1406

Net debt: RUB 59 billion

Net loss: RUB 6.2 billion

Capitalization: 7.67 billion rubles.

Transport

143. Fix Price

Revenue: RUB 41.85 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Kirsanov

Trade

144. SBV-Klyuchavto

Revenue: RUB 41.4 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Krasnodar Territory

CEO: Viktor Sergeev

Number of staff: 3011

Trade

145. Pharmstandard

Revenue: RUB 41.2 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Dolgoprudny

CEO: Grigory Potapov

Number of staff: 6655

Net debt: minus 4.5 billion rubles.

Net profit: RUB 11.1 billion

Capitalization: 38.8 billion rubles.

Pharmaceutical teak

146. Domodedovo International Airport

Revenue: RUB 41.2 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Domodedovo

CEO: Igor Borisov

Number of employees: 13,790

Net debt: minus 500 million rubles.

Net profit: RUB 11.4 billion

Transport

147. ABC of taste

Revenue: RUB 41 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Sadovin

Number of staff: 8500

Trade

148. CenterShoes

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Evgeny Peshkun

Trade

149. Adamas

Revenue: RUB 40 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

Executive Director: Maxim Weinberg

Number of staff: 2628

Trade

150. Steel industry company

Revenue: RUB 39.9 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Yekaterinburg

CEO: Alexey Sukhnev

Number of employees: 2676

Trade

151. Transbunker

Revenue: 39.2 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board: Albert Tralla

Number of staff: 1680

Transport

152. DSK-1

Revenue: RUB 38.8 billion

(RAS) Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Anatoly Konstantinov

Number of staff: 9000

Construction

153. Magnatek

Revenue: RUB 38.6 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Sergey Kirichenko

Number of employees: 252

Net debt: RUB 11.2 billion

Net loss: RUB 613 million

Trade

154. Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Plant

Revenue: RUB 38.2 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Chelyabinsk

CEO: Pavel Khodorovsky

Number of staff: 7440

Ferrous metallurgy

155. Samaraenergo

Revenue: RUB 38.1 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Samara

CEO: Oleg Derbenev

Number of staff: 1017

Net debt: RUB 2.1 billion

Net profit: 3.8 million rubles.

Capitalization: 800 million rubles.

Power industry

156. Sweet Life

Revenue: RUB 37.77 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Nizhny Novgorod

CEO: Albert Gusev

Number of staff: 6929

Trade

157. South of Rus'

Revenue: RUB 37.6 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Rostov-on-Don

CEO: Alexey Fedorov

Number of employees: 14,000

Agroprom

158. Don-Stroy Invest

Revenue: 37.3 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alena Deryabina

Construction

159. Yekaterinburg commercial and industrial company

Revenue: RUB 36.7 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Yekaterinburg

CEO: Sergey Shmelev

Number of staff: 176

Non-ferrous metallurgy

160. Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port

Revenue: RUB 36.3 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Novorossiysk

CEO: Sultan Batov

Number of employees: 6914

Net debt: RUB 79 billion

Net loss: RUB 16 billion

Capitalization: 53 billion rubles.

Transport

161. Gradient

Revenue: RUB 35 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Golubkovich

Number of staff: 5100

Trade

162. Orimi Trade

Revenue: RUB 34.97 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Leningrad region

CEO: Alexander Evnevich

Number of staff: 2864

Agroprom

163. High quality highways

Revenue: RUB 34.5 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Valery Abramov

Construction

164.Mercury

Revenue: RUB 34 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Reebok

Trade

165. ARKS group

Revenue: RUB 34 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Dmitry Simarev

Number of staff: 6200

Construction

166. BEZRK-Belgrankorm

Revenue: RUB 34 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Belgorod region

CEO: Pavel Tereshchenko

Number of staff: 6301

Agroprom

167. Kuibyshevazot

Revenue: RUB 33.9 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Tolyatti

CEO: Viktor Gerasimenko

Number of staff: 5011

Net debt: RUB 15.3 billion

Net profit: 500 million rubles.

Capitalization: 19.5 billion rubles.

Petrochemistry

168. Oskolye

Revenue: RUB 33.8 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Belgorod

CEO: Gennady Bobritsky

Agroprom

169. Grinn Corporation

Revenue: RUB 33.7 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Kursk

CEO: Nikolay Greshilov

Number of employees: 15 100

Retail

170. Prodo

Revenue: RUB 33.6 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Petr Ilyukhin

Number of employees: 17,000

Agroprom

171. Petropavlovsk

Revenue: RUB 33.4 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: London

CEO: Pavel Maslovsky

Number of employees: 8 499

Net debt: RUB 52.5 billion

Net loss: RUB 13.5 billion

Capitalization: $300 million (LSE)

Gold mining

172.1C

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Boris Nuraliev

Number of staff: 1000

173.ITG

Revenue: RUB 33.3 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Varivoda

Number of employees: 2747

174. Softline

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Igor Borovikov

Number of staff: 3425

175. GC Nevada

Revenue: RUB 33.2 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Khabarovsk

President: Yuri Egorov

Retail and wholesale

176. Solar products

Revenue: RUB 33.2 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Saratov

CEO: Oleg Podgorny

Number of employees: 4503

Agroprom

177. Group Synthesis

Revenue: RUB 33.1 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vadim Ibadov

Number of employees: 10,000

Power industry

178. Group E4

Revenue: RUB 33 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Malyshev

Number of employees: 11,000

Power industry

179. Rolsen

Revenue: RUB 32.9 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Seoul

President: Anselmo Young

Appliances

180. Production company VIS

Revenue: RUB 32.6 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Igor Snegurov

Number of staff: 3056

Construction

181 Favorit Motors

Revenue: RUB 32.4 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Vladimir Popov

Number of staff: 2220

Trade

182. Mail.Ru Group

Revenue: RUB 32.3 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Grishin

Number of staff: 3552

Net debt: RUB 17.5 billion

Net profit: RUB 12.5 billion

Capitalization: $3.7 billion (LSE)

183. Ostankino MPK

Revenue: RUB 32.3 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Mikhail Popov

Number of employees: 3836

Agroprom

184. Rhythm-2000

Revenue: RUB 32.3 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Tver

CEO: Denis Konoplyanko

Number of employees: 10,000

Trade

185. Permenergosbyt

Revenue: RUB 32.1 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Perm

CEO: Igor Shershakov

Number of staff: 1401

Net debt: minus 229 million rubles.

Net profit: 322 million rubles.

Capitalization: 2.3 billion rubles.

Power industry

186. Rostselmash

Revenue: RUB 31.8 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Rostov-on-Don

CEO: Valery Maltsev

Number of staff: 9000

Net profit: RUB 1.3 billion

mechanical engineering

187. Crocus Group

Revenue: RUB 31.65 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Krasnogorsk

President: Aras Agalarov

Number of staff: 8958

Construction

188. NMGK

Revenue: RUB 30.86 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Nizhny Novgorod

CEO: Alexey Maslennikov

Number of staff: 4000

Agroprom

189. SDS-Azot

Revenue: RUB 30.4 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Kemerovo

CEO: Igor Bezukh

Number of staff: 7000

fertilizers

190. Corporation Glavmosstroy

Revenue: RUB 30.3 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Evgeny Fedorov

Number of staff: 7240

Construction

191. Absolut trading house

Revenue: RUB 30.1 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Eduard Najer

Number of staff: 550

Trade

192. Pegas Touristic

Revenue: RUB 30 billion (grade)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Anna Podgornaya

193. Stroyservis

Revenue: RUB 29.9 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Kemerovo

CEO: Dmitry Nikolaev

194. BTK Group

Revenue: RUB 29.6 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Georgy Drachev

Number of employees: 6519

Light industry

195. Group company Rive Gauche

Revenue: RUB 29.5 billion (company data)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Pavel Karaban

Number of staff: 6500

Trade

196. Polyplastic Group

Revenue: RUB 29 billion (IFRS)

Headquarters: Omsk

President: Miron Gorilovsky

Number of staff: 5095

Petrochemistry

197. UMMC Trans

Revenue: RUB 29 billion (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Tarasenko

Number of staff: 68

Transport

198. Sibuglemet

Revenue: RUB 28.2 billion (RAS)

The Gas Industry section presents the largest energy and oil and gas companies specializing in gas production, transportation and processing.

The gas industry is the most important budget-forming sector of the Russian economy. The youngest and dynamically developing branch of the fuel and energy complex ensures the production, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas, processing of associated gas from oil fields, providing more than 50% of domestic energy consumption.
The great economic importance of the gas industry is determined by the fact that gas production is more than two times cheaper than oil production and fifteen times cheaper than the production of other hydrocarbons. Gas - ideal source energy for public utilities and some sectors of the economy and production.

The gas industry provides not only production, but also transportation of gas, its delivery to the consumer. More than a third of the world's explored reserves of natural gas are located on the territory of Russia, but almost all of them are concentrated in areas of Western Siberia remote from industrial centers. The construction and operation of the world's largest gas transmission network, the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia, is also a subject of the gas industry.

Due to the strategic importance of this raw material, there is no place for small and casual firms in the gas industry market. Only global companies of a world scale, large vertically oriented petrochemical productions have the right to operate in the field of production, distribution and processing of natural and associated gas. As a rule, such companies have an extensive management structure, a complex network of subsidiaries.

However, the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), transferring Vehicle from gasoline to liquefied gas require well-coordinated interaction between gas producing giants and companies supplying equipment, constructing and equipping LNG plants and selling products. This is where the comprehensive, up-to-date and annually updated information published in the Gas Industry section of the Oil and Gas industry guide plays a primary role.

Information about the functions, composition and management of global holdings and companies operating in the Russian and world markets, telephone numbers and addresses of natural monopolies and their subsidiaries published in the section will be of interest and useful to industrialists and consumers of gas products, merchants and ordinary workers in the gas industry. Employees of government agencies and administrations will get an idea of ​​the structure and leaders largest companies gas industry.

Leading company in the gas industry

Objectives: To introduce the features of the coal industry, to show the problems of the industry. To study the location of the coal industry. Perform practical work "Characteristics of the coal basin."

Equipment: Map of the fuel industry, coal collection: anthracite, lignite, black coal, painting "Methods of coal mining".

I. Checking homework

1) Mutual survey and mutual evaluation:

I option. Describe the features of the oil industry.

II option. Describe the gas industry.

2) After the interrogation (2 minutes for each option), the teacher can check the quality of the answer by calling one or two students to the board to repeat their oral answer.

If the assessment of students corresponds to the assessment of the teacher for the oral answer, then you can leave marks (mutual assessments) for all students. You can test your knowledge by asking each student a control question. If the student answered the teacher's question correctly, then the grade given by the neighbor remains, if the answer is incorrect, the grade is reduced or canceled.

3) Check the work on the contour map.

4) Geographical dictation.

1. 70% of the country's oil is produced in. (West Siberian base or in the Middle Ob).

2. The cheapest way to extract oil. (fountain).

3. In terms of oil reserves, Russia ranks. (second place in the world).

4. Oil production in the 90s. (reduced/increased).

5. Russia's second largest oil base. (Volga-Ural).

6. The main flows of oil are directed to. (West East North South).

I. Are the refineries located in areas where oil products are consumed or in areas where oil is produced? (In areas where processed products are consumed. It is more convenient and economical.)

8. 91% of gas is produced in. (Western Siberia, or in the Ob).

9. In terms of gas production, Russia ranks. (1 place).

10. Leading enterprise in the gas industry. (JSC Gazprom).

II. The largest gas pipelines come from. (Urengoy and Orenburg).

– Coal was the main type of fuel in the first half of the 20th century, since coal reserves are larger than oil and gas reserves. It has now lost the lead to oil and gas. Coal mining is more expensive, so the share of coal in the country's fuel balance has decreased from 59% (in the 1950s) to 8% (at the beginning of the 21st century).

Coal is used as a fuel in thermal power plants and in industry (75%). And coking coal (high quality) - for example, anthracite (the teacher demonstrates a sample of coal) is used as a raw material in the ferrous metallurgy and chemical industries.

1. Coal mining methods

The depth of occurrence determines the method of coal mining: underground (in mines) or open (in quarries).

Share of coal production open way is about 60%. However, this method degrades the quality environment, since when coal is mined in quarries, huge "pits on the face of the Earth" are formed, waste rock dumps, open works destroy the upper fertile layer (soil).

During underground coal mining, “heap heaps” (waste rock dumps) accumulate on the surface. The wind blows from bulk heaps coal dust and the rain carries away mud torrents.

2. Main areas of coal mining

There are more than 200 coal deposits in Russia, but not all of them are being developed. For example, the Tunguska basin (Eastern Siberia) has the largest coal reserves, but mining is not carried out here, since the basin area is not developed: there are no railways, settlements, and consumers. In addition, there is permafrost, which makes mining difficult.

Working with the map:

– Find and show other deposits on the map hard coal in Russia. (1. Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass) - 40% of Russian coal production; 2. Kansk-Achinsk lignite basin; 3. Pechora basin.)

1. Problems of the coal industry

Coal regions are regions with very acute environmental problems. When burned, it greatly pollutes the atmosphere. In addition to environmental problems, there are also difficulties with coal mining in the basins located in the north of Russia, beyond the Arctic Circle, where coal mining is expensive.

– Describe one of the coal basins in Russia. Give its economic assessment according to the following plan:

1. Geographical position of the basin (region of Russia, etc.).

2. Method of extraction (underground, open).

3. Mining depth.

4. The thickness of the layers.

5. Quality of coal.

6. Production cost.

7. The amount of production, coal reserves.

9. Problems of the basin (environmental, social, etc.).

10. Prospects for the development of the basin.

To complete the work, the teacher suggests that you familiarize yourself with the table (Table 27, account D.) and use its data, or other statistical material, as well as the text of the textbook, maps (Fig. 31, p. 124, account A. and Fig. 42, p. 122-123, account D.).

Example of practical work:

Pechora coal basin

1. The basin is located in the northeast of the European part of Russia, in the northeast of the Komi Republic. The center of the basin is the city of Vorkuta, located beyond the Arctic Circle. Another city in the basin is Inta. Laid to Vorkuta Railway- Pechora (Konosha - Vorkuta).

2. All coal is mined in an expensive underground way.

3. Mining depth of 298 m is deeper than in Kuzbass.

4. Layers of medium thickness 1.53 m (in Kuzbass - 1.85 m).

5. High-quality coals (0.8 thousand kcal/kg).

6. Coals are expensive (the cost is high), because miners have "northern bonuses" to their salaries.

7. Coal mining is 4 times lower than in Kuzbass.

1. Coal reserves are 3 times less than in Kuzbass.

2. Consumers of coal are enterprises of the European North.

3. The basin has little development prospects due to the high cost of coal.

4. The problems of the basin are connected with the difficulties of selling expensive coal in a market economy. Ecological problems associated with the use of heaps. Social problems exacerbated due to late payment of wages, inflation. People leave Vorkuta for more favorable regions.

1. According to account. D.: §22, p. 120-124.

2. Mark the coal basins (of Russian and local significance) on the contour map.

3. "My point of view" account. A. No. 1-2 (optional).

4. The problem is waiting for your solution.

5. Sociocultural workshop (scholar A., ​​p. 127).

6. Orally describe the three coal basins (according to D.).

Objectives: To define the concepts of "electric power industry", "energy system". To acquaint with the features of power plants of different types and their location. Explain the importance of the electric power industry for the country's economy.

Equipment: Map "Electricity of Russia".

Leading company in the gas industry

Leading enterprise in the gas industry Objectives: To introduce the peculiarities of the coal industry, to show the problems of the industry. To study the location of the coal industry. Run

Oil and gas industry

Gas industry

Gas industry- the youngest and fastest growing branch of the fuel industry. It is engaged in the production, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas. Gas production is 2 times cheaper than oil production and 10-15 times cheaper than coal production.

On the territory of Russia there are about 1/3 explored world reserves of natural gas, the potential reserves of which are estimated at 160 trillion. m3, of which the European part accounts for 11.6%, and the eastern regions - 84.4%, the shelf of inland seas - 0.5%.

Over 90% of natural gas is produced in Western Siberia, including 87% in the Yamal-Nenets and 4% in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The largest deposits are located here: Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Medvezhye, etc. The industrial reserves of natural gas in this region account for more than 60% of all the country's resources. Among other gas producing territories, the Urals (Orenburg gas condensate field - more than 3% of production), the Northern District (Vuktylskoye field) stand out. There are natural gas resources in the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan gas condensate field), in the North Caucasus (North Stavropol, Kuban-Azov fields), in the Far East (Ust-Vilyuiskoye, Tungor on Sakhalin Island).

Shelf areas of the Arctic and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk are considered promising areas for gas production. In the Barents and Kara Seas, gas supergiants have been discovered - Leningradskoye, Rusanovskoye, Shtokmanovskoye fields.

For gas transportation in Russia, a one system gas supply, including fields under development, a network of gas pipelines (143 thousand km), compressor stations, underground storages and other installations. Operate large systems gas supply: Central, Volga, Ural, multi-line system Siberia-Center.

Russia's gas industry is dominated by RAO Gazprom- the world's largest gas production structure, one of the country's most important natural monopolies, providing 94% of all Russian gas production.

Oil industry

Oil industry engages in the extraction and transportation of oil, as well as the extraction of associated gas. Russia has rather large proven oil reserves (about 8% of the world's - the sixth largest in the world).

The resources of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province have been studied and developed the most. There are large deposits here: Romashkinskoye - in Tataria, Shkapovskoye and Tuymazinskoye - in Bashkiria, Mukhanovskoye - in the Samara region. and etc.

Main oil resources concentrated in the West Siberian oil and gas province. Since 1960, the Shaim, Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk oil regions have been delineated here, where such large fields as Samotlor, Ust-Balyk, Megionskoye, Yuganskoye, Kholmogorskoye, Variegonskoye and others are located.

The formation of the Timan-Pechora oil base continues, the largest field is Usinskoye. Heavy oil is extracted here (by the mine method) - the most valuable raw material for the production of low-temperature oils necessary for the operation of mechanisms in harsh climatic conditions.

Oil was also found in other regions of Russia: in the North Caucasus, in the Caspian lowland, on about. Sakhalin, in the shelf zones of the Barents, Kara, Okhotsk, Caspian Seas.

Oil production is concentrated in the three most important oil and gas provinces, which together provide over 9/10 of all Russian oil, including more than 2/3 in the West Siberian province, and about 1/4 of the total production in the Volga-Urals.

The privatization of oil and gas facilities has shattered the previously unified centrally controlled state system. Private oil companies have taken over production facilities and the country's national wealth - oil fields and their reserves. There are 17 companies in the Russian oil complex. Among them, the largest are LUKOIL (18.7% of Russian oil production), TNK (18.5%), Rosneft (15.6%), Surgutneftegaz (13.6%) and Sibneft (9.7%).

The advancement of production to the eastern regions and to the north of the European part sharply poses the problem of oil transportation. Most effective tool for this purpose in Russia are pipelines (see the chapter “Transport complex”). The development of the network of oil pipelines contributes to the further approach of oil refining to the places of consumption of oil products.

gas processing industry is engaged in the primary processing of associated gas from oil fields and is located in large oil production centers - Surgut, Nezhnevartovsk, Almetyevsk, Ukhta. However, the most powerful gas processing centers in Russia are the centers of gas condensate fields - Orenburg and Astrakhan.

The location of enterprises in the oil refining industry depends on the size of the consumption of petroleum products in different regions, the technology of processing and transporting oil, and the territorial relationships between resources and places of consumption of liquid fuel.

Currently there are 28 refineries(refinery) with a total capacity of 300 million tons per year. Almost 90% of the capacities of the oil refining industry are located in the European part of Russia, which is explained by its predominant attraction to the consumer: it is cheaper to transport crude oil through pipelines than to transport petroleum products, and the technological process of oil refining is water-intensive, therefore most of the country's refineries are located on the Volga and its tributaries (Volgograd, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl), along routes and at the ends of oil pipelines (Tuapse, Ryazan, Moscow, Kiri shi, Omsk, Achinsk, Angarsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur), as well as in points with an advantageous transport and geographical position (Khabarovsk). A significant amount of oil is also processed in the places of its production: Ufa, Salavat, Samara, Perm, Ukhta, Krasnodar.

Gas equipment factories and gas equipment manufacturers

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Information

Gas plants are enterprises of the machine-building complex that produce a wide range of gas equipment and gas equipment used in the field of gas processing and gas consumption.

According to the scope of application, gas equipment is divided into:

Household equipment includes various types of gas appliances designed for the efficient and safe use of combustible gases by the population. Household products manufactured by Russian gas plants are represented by:

• appliances for cooking: gas stoves, fryers, autonomous ovens, single-burner gas stoves;
• devices for hot water supply: instantaneous and capacitive water heaters;
• devices for individual heating: storage water heaters, gas fireplaces, special gas burners, heating and cooking devices and heating devices with a water circuit, heating installations of radiant and convective heating.

Industrial gas equipment is an extensive group of gas processing and gas-using devices, represented by:

• transportable boiler plants (TKU);
• gas reduction points;
• gas pressure regulators;
• locking and safety equipment;
• equipment for the use of liquefied gases;
• measuring equipment (devices measuring gas flows, gas meters).

The division of gas meters into industrial and household ones is very conditional: it is customary to classify small-sized meters as household ones.

Since the 2nd half of the 20th century, gas has become the main energy carrier in the industrial and domestic sectors. In the energy sector of the production of glass and ceramic products, cement, building materials, the share of natural gas belongs to more than 60%, in mechanical engineering and metallurgy - about 50%. Demand for the products of gas plants in Russia is constantly growing. Especially noticeable is the increase in demand for measuring equipment, equipment designed to use liquefied gases, devices for re-equipping vehicles to use liquefied gas as fuel.

The main problems of the industry of production of gas equipment and apparatus:

• lack of automation and electronics of domestic production, which is why products that compare favorably in price with foreign analogues lose to them in terms of ease of use and quality;
• low solvent demand for individual gas-using systems, which leads to the preservation of affordable, but obsolete devices in the assortment of plants (for example, traditional AGW systems with low efficiency (less than 60%) and insufficiently complete gas combustion);
• lack of a developed and well-functioning system of repair and after-sales service both Russian and imported domestic gas equipment.

Gas equipment factories and gas equipment manufacturers

Gas equipment factories and gas equipment manufacturers More than 3,000 industrial enterprises are registered on WikiProm. Join us for you

Economy of Russia, figures and facts. Part 6 Oil and gas industry

General provisions

The oil and gas sector of the economy of the Russian Federation is the basis for the formation of the country's budget. At the end of 2014, revenues from the oil and gas industry amounted to 6,813 billion rubles. This is 48% of all federal budget revenues. The value of the Russian currency largely depends on world oil prices. The oil and gas industry in Russia consists of three main sectors: production, transportation and processing of oil and gas.

Proven oil reserves in Russia according to 2014 data are about 103.2 billion barrels. This is the sixth indicator in the world. The concept of "proved reserves" refers to the amount of minerals that can be extracted using modern technologies. Venezuela leads in terms of oil reserves - 298.35 billion barrels. But many experts are inclined to think that since oil is a strategic raw material, some countries may deliberately underestimate or overestimate their own reserves.

As for oil production in the Russian Federation, according to the results of 2014, 526 million tons were extracted. Of these, 221 million tons were exported, which is 42% of the total oil production. Compared to 2013, oil production increased by 0.5%, while exports decreased by 6%.

In terms of proven reserves of natural gas, the Russian Federation ranks first in the world. Russia has 47.6 trillion. cubic meters of gas. This is 32% of all world reserves. After the Russian Federation, the most important suppliers of "blue fuel" are the countries of the Middle East.

According to the results of 2014, 640 billion cubic meters were produced in Russia. meters of natural gas. Compared to 2013, the decline in production amounted to 4.2%. 27.1% of all production was sent for export, which is equivalent to 174 billion cubic meters. m. of fuel.

The total value of crude oil exports from the Russian Federation in 2014 amounted to 153.88 billion US dollars, the value of exported natural gas - 55.24 billion US dollars.

For the transportation of oil and gas in Russia, a network of main pipelines was built, which in 2014 totaled about 260 thousand km. Of these, oil pipelines account for about 80,000 km, gas pipelines for 165,000 km, and about 15,000 km for oil product pipelines. In terms of the length of pipelines, Russia is in second place in the world, yielding in this indicator to the leader, the United States, by almost 10 times. The third place is occupied by Canada, with a total length of pipelines of about 100 thousand km.

At the beginning of 2014, oil production in Russia was carried out by 294 companies with relevant permits. 111 of them are vertically integrated companies (VIOCs), that is, they carry out several business processes in this industry (extraction, transportation, processing, sale of oil and oil products). 180 independent companies not included in the structure of VIOCs and 3 companies operating under a production sharing agreement (PSA). A PSA is a specific agreement concluded between a mining company (contractor) and the state. Under this agreement, the contractor is entitled to carry out prospecting and exploration and geological work, as well as to exploit mineral deposits in a certain territory.

There were 258 companies operating in the gas industry in 2014. Of these, 97 companies were part of the structure of oil VIOCs, 16 were part of Gazprom, 2 were part of NOVATEK, and 140 were independent companies. There are 3 companies operating under the PSA agreement.

Workers in the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation receive the highest wages in the country. Calculating the average salary in the industry is quite problematic, since the difference between the salaries of various employees is very large. The lowest-skilled workers on average receive 60-80 thousand rubles per month, qualified personnel receive about 150-180 thousand rubles, and the salaries of managers can reach up to 300-400 thousand rubles and more.

Oil and gas fields of the Russian Federation

The largest oil and gas region of the Russian Federation is Western Siberia. Here, in the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrugs, a significant part of natural gas and oil is produced. Oil production by regions of the Russian Federation is as follows:

• Western Siberia - 60%
• Ural and Volga region - 22%
• Eastern Siberia - 12%
• North - 5%
• North Caucasus - 1%

As for natural gas production, the share of Western Siberia is even higher here than in oil production:

• Western Siberia - 87.3%
• Far East - 4.3%
• Ural and Volga region - 3.5%
• Eastern Siberia and Yakutia - 2.8%
• North Caucasus - 2.1%

In total, 2,352 oil fields are being developed in Russia. Of these, 12 are unique and 83 are large. Of the 12 unique deposits, 5 are located in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, 3 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 3 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and 1 in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The largest field in Russia is Samotlor, with estimated oil reserves of 7.1 billion tons. The average daily production is about 65 thousand tons. The deposit is located in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The development is carried out by the oil company Rosneft.

The largest oil field in Russia in terms of average daily production is Priobskoye. The field is also located in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and about 110 thousand tons of oil are produced here daily. Explored reserves amount to about 5 billion tons of oil, the companies Rosneft, Gazprom Neft, Sibneft-Yugra are producing.

Prirazlomnoye, Krasnoleninskoye and Salymskoye are 3 more fields of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, which are among the unique oil fields in Russia. Explored oil reserves are 0.4, 1.1 and 0.5 billion tons. The average daily oil production at the Prirazlomnoye field is 20.5 thousand tons, at the Krasnoleninskoye field – 21.7 thousand tons, at the Salymskoye field – 2.2 thousand tons. At the Krasnoleninskoye field, 6 oil companies are producing, while Prirazlomnoye and Salymskoye are being developed by Rosneft.

In addition to 5 unique oil fields in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, there are 2 fields that are among the five largest in Russia in terms of total oil reserves - Lyantorskoye and Fedorovskoye. The initial reserves of raw materials here amounted to 2 and 1.8 billion tons, respectively. But since the fields have been developed since the 70s of the last century, the remaining oil reserves at the Lyantorskoye field are about 320 million tons, and at Fedorovsky - about 150 million tons. The average daily productivity of the Lyaotorskoye deposit is 26,000 tons, the Fedorovskoye deposit is 23,000 tons.

Romashkinskoye is the largest oil field in the Urals and the Volga region and the European part of Russia as a whole. It is located in the Republic of Tatarstan, and the total geological oil reserves here are about 5 billion tons. Over the years of operation, about 3 billion oil has been extracted from the field. Now the average daily production is about 41 thousand tons. The field is being developed by Tatneft.

2 unique fields of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug are classified as being developed, one - Urengoyskoye, is the largest gas-bearing field in the country. The level of oil production at the Urengoy field is about 1 thousand tons per day. The Russkoye and Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye fields are among the most promising in the Russian Federation, the total geological reserves of these fields are about 2 billion tons. Development should start in 2015-16.

The Vankor oil field is the largest in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. About 50.5 thousand tons of oil are produced here per day, and the reserves are about 450 million tons of oil. The remaining 2 fields of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Yurubcheno-Takhomskoye and Kuyumbinskoye are small, their reserves are about 250 million tons of oil.

The structure of oil production in Russia is such that the 8 largest fields provide about 25% of the oil produced.

Gas production in Russia is concentrated mainly in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. About 81% of Russian natural gas is produced here. This autonomous district contains 8 of the 10 largest Russian gas fields in terms of the amount of extracted fuel.

The largest in Russia and the second in the world in terms of total natural gas reserves is the Urengoyskoye field. The total reserves of blue fuel here are about 10 trillion. cube m. The average annual production is 95.1 billion cubic meters. m.

In terms of the amount of recoverable natural gas in the Russian Federation, the Zapolyarnoye field is the leader. Here, the average annual production is 112.6 billion cubic meters. m. The amount of total reserves is about 3.5 trillion. cube m.

The second largest gas reserves in the Russian Federation is the Yamburgskoye field. The total geological reserves here are estimated at 5.2 trillion. cube m. In terms of average annual production, this field ranks 3rd in Russia - 83.6 billion cubic meters. m.

In addition to the above, 5 more fields in the Russian top ten are represented by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

• Yuzhno-Russkoye - average annual production of 25.3 billion cubic meters. m.
• Yurkharovskoye - average annual production of 23.9 billion cubic meters. m.
• Medvezhye - average annual production of 12.2 billion cubic meters. m.
• Severo-Urengoyskoye - average annual production of 10 billion cubic meters. m.
• Beregovoye - average annual production of 9.5 billion cubic meters. m.

In other regions of the country, there are the Orenburg field, representing the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin and the Astrakhan (Caspian oil and gas field). The average annual production of natural gas in the Orenburg field is 16.4 billion cubic meters. m., in Astrakhan - 12.8 billion cubic meters. m.

Unlike oil production, the 10 largest gas fields account for a significant share of the extracted "blue fuel" - more than 61%. Moreover, about 45% falls on the share of the first three.

Oil and gas processing

The production of petroleum products and gas processing products is one of the most important components of the oil and gas industry. At the end of 2014, 288.7 million tons of oil and more than 70 billion cubic meters were sent for processing in the Russian Federation. meters of natural gas. At the same time, the amount of oil sent for refining is increasing every year compared to oil sent for export. In 2012, the difference between oil refining and oil export was 26 million tons, in 2013 this figure increased to 37 million tons, and in 2014 it reached 67 million tons.

At the end of 2014, oil refineries of the Russian Federation produced:

• Motor gasoline - 35.1 million tons;
• Diesel fuel - 70.5 million tons;
• Fuel oil - 73.2 million tons;
• Aviation kerosene - 9.8 million tons.

About 60% of the produced oil products in 2014 were exported. In quantitative terms, the volume of exported oil products amounted to 165.3 million tons for a total of 115.8 billion US dollars. The total value of exports of petroleum products is 72% of the amount received for the export of crude oil. For comparison, this indicator in 2000 was 44%, in 2005 - 40.7%, in 2010 - 51%, in 2013 - 62.5%. It should also be noted that more than 94% of oil products in 2014 were exported to non-CIS countries. Thus, we can state the fact that every year Russian oil products become more and more interesting for foreign consumers, and every year Russia's position as the world's main exporter of oil products is strengthened.

The amount of liquefied gas exported by the Russian Federation in 2014 is 20.5 million cubic meters. meters. This is 22% less than the same indicator in 2013, when a record amount of liquefied gas was exported - 26.3 million cubic meters. m. Compared with the export of natural gas, the total cost of exporting liquefied gas is 11 times less. In 2014, liquefied gas was exported in the amount of 5.2 billion dollars.

In addition to the transportation and processing of natural gas, it is necessary to ensure the storage of this type of fuel. For its storage, special underground storage facilities are used. There are 26 underground gas storage facilities in the Russian Federation, of which the largest is Kasimovskoe, which is located in Ryazan region. It is capable of holding 11 billion cubic meters. meters of natural gas. Storage facilities are located, as a rule, in the main areas of gas consumption. In the Russian Federation, underground storage facilities are being built in depleted deposits (the technology most in demand), in aquifers and in rock salt deposits.

Underground gas storages are located mainly in the European part of Russia. There are especially many storage facilities near Samara - 4 (Dmitrievskoye, Amanakskoye, Mikhailovskoye, Kiryushinskoye), Saratov - 3 units (Peschano-Umetskoye, Elshano-Kurdyumskoye, Stepnovskoye), Orenburg - 3 units (Kanchurinskoye, Musinskoye, Sovkhoznoye).

Today, there are 26 gas processing plants in the Russian Federation. According to this indicator, Russia lags far behind the United States, where more than 520 such enterprises operate. But it should be noted that in Russia gas processing is carried out at large plants, while in the United States the lion's share of gas processing plants are located directly on the fields, the main function of which is to prepare gas for transportation to large factories.

The largest gas processing plant in Russia and the world is the Orenburg gas processing plant. Its production capacities allow processing 15 billion cubic meters. m. per year. Other large factories of the country are Astrakhansky and Sosnogorsky. These three plants account for more than 95% of the processing of all associated gas that is generated in oil reservoirs.

About 100 enterprises operate in the oil refining industry of the Russian Federation. 38% of them are refineries that are part of vertically integrated companies, they produce about 85% of all petroleum products. 14% of the total are independent refineries, which produce 11% of the output. Mini-refineries account for 48% of the total number of enterprises, and they produce 4% of Russian oil products.

Most oil refineries are part of the structure of the Rosneft company - 9 units, the total production capacity of which is 77.5 million tons. And the largest Russian refinery is Kirishsky, with a production capacity of 22 million tons, owned by Surgutneftegaz. Other major refineries in the country are the Omsk Oil Refinery (production capacity 21.3 million tons/year), Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (production capacity 19 million tons/year), Yaroslavlnefteorgsintez (production capacity 14 million tons/year).

The main part of the country's oil refineries is located in the European part of Russia. This is explained by the fact that it is much cheaper to transport crude oil than petroleum products. As a rule, refineries are located in cities where there are river ports in order to save on transportation costs, since delivery by water is the cheapest. The distribution of capacities of oil refineries by the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation is as follows:

• Central Federal District - 40.7 million tons;
• Northwestern Federal District - 25.2 million tons;
• Ural Federal District - 6.75 million tons;
• Privolzhsky Federal District - 122.6 million tons;
• Far Eastern Federal District - 11.7 million tons;
• Siberian Federal District - 42.3 million tons;
• Southern Federal District - 27.9 million tons.

The largest oil and gas companies in Russia

OAO Gazprom and NOVATEK are the largest Russian companies involved in the production and processing of natural gas. In addition to them, natural gas production is also carried out by enterprises that are part of the structure of oil vertically integrated companies. As for the oil industry, Rosneft is the leader here, and in addition to it, Lukoil, Surgutneftegaz and Gazprom Neft occupy the leading positions in the market.

OAO Gazprom is the flagship of the Russian economy, a company whose annual turnover exceeds the budget of some European countries. Gazprom controls over 150,000 km of gas pipelines and 22 underground gas storage facilities. OAO Gazprom is developing all the largest fields in the Russian Federation (except for Yurkharovskoye). This is the only Russian company licensed to export natural gas.

The turnover of Gazprom in 2014 amounted to 5.661 trillion. rubles, while the company's profit amounted to 1.31 trillion. rubles. The number of Gazprom's employees is about 430 thousand people.

NOVATEK is the second largest producer of natural gas in Russia in terms of production. The company's headquarters is located in the city of Tarko-Sale (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). NOVATEK is developing at the Yurkharovskoye, Vostochno-Tarkosalinsky, Khancheyskoye and other fields located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

In terms of total revenue, NOVATEK is significantly inferior to Gazprom. At the end of 2014, the company's turnover amounted to 357.6 billion rubles. Operating profit amounted to 125.1 billion rubles. NOVATEK controls 7.9% of the Russian gas market, the company employs about 4 thousand people.

The largest Russian oil company is OAO Rosneft. The company produces oil at the largest oil fields in Russia - Priobskoye, Samotlorskoye and Vankorskoye. The oil refining industry of the company includes 9 large oil refineries and 3 mini-refineries.

At the end of 2014, the turnover of Rosneft amounted to 5.1 trillion. rubles, the total profit is 593 billion rubles. The number of employees of the company exceeds 170 thousand people.

Lukoil is the second largest Russian oil company in terms of production. For more than 10 years, Lukoil occupied a leading position in the market, but in 2007 lost the lead to Rosneft, after its takeover by Yukos. Lukoil produces oil in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the number of operating drilling rigs of the company is more than 27,000. The oil refining industry is represented by 4 large refineries with a refining capacity of 45.6 million tons.

The total turnover of the company in 2014 amounted to 144 billion US dollars, operating profit is 7.2 billion US dollars. The number of employees of the company exceeds 150,000 people.

Surgutneftegaz is the largest oil company in the Russian Federation, whose main office is not located in Moscow. The structure of the company includes the largest Russian oil refinery - Kirishsky. The largest fields developed by Surgutgutneftegaz are Lyantorskoye and Fedorovskoye.

At the end of 2014, the turnover of Surgutneftegaz amounted to 862.6 billion rubles, gross profit equals 241 billion rubles. About 110 thousand employees work in the structure of the company.

Gazprom Neft is an oil company 95.68% of which is owned by OAO Gazprom. Gazprom Neft, together with Rosneft, is developing the Priobskoye oil field. Over the past year, the company's oil refining industry produced 43 million tons of oil products.

The company's turnover for 2014 is 1.7 trillion. rubles. Net profit amounted to about 122 billion rubles. The company's staff exceeds 57 thousand people.

Prospects for the development of the industry

The pace of development of the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation largely depends on world oil prices and on the behavior of the main competitors in oil production on the world market - Saudi Arabia and the United States. These three countries are constantly replacing each other as leaders in oil production. At the beginning of 2014, Saudi Arabia led the way with 11.72 million barrels of oil per day. At the end of 2014, the first place went to the United States - 11.6 million barrels per day, Saudi Arabia ended the year with an average of 11.5 million barrels per day, Russia was third - 10.8 million barrels per day. According to the results of 5 months of 2015, the Russian Federation kept its production volumes approximately at the same level and took the lead. According to the data as of the end of May this year, Russia produces on average 10.75 million barrels per day, Saudi Arabia - 10.25 million barrels, USA - 9.6 million barrels.

But the amount of oil produced in a single country is not a determining factor. affects world prices percentage produced oil in the leading oil powers. This is due to the fact that the cost of producing 1 barrel of oil in different regions differs significantly. The lowest in Saudi Arabia and Iran, and the most expensive in the US.

Thus, with a decrease in the level of production of cheap oil in the Middle East, expensive oil from offshore fields begins to be produced in large volumes to meet world needs, which leads to an increase in the cost of a barrel at exchange trading.

It is not difficult to guess that the increase in the large volume of oil production by Saudi Arabia and other members of OPEC with low production costs will bring down world oil prices. And if the cost of a barrel of oil reaches 30-35 dollars and stays at this level for a long time, then the US oil industry will face a financial collapse.

Of course, the use of severe dumping by the OPEC countries in the world oil market is unlikely, since this could lead to a deep financial crisis, which will largely affect the oil exporters themselves, whose state income depends on the price of "black gold". As for the Russian Federation, the price of $25-30 per barrel is not critical for the oil and gas industry, since the cost of export oil, including transportation, averages $23 per barrel. But although the price of $ 30 per barrel will allow the leading oil companies of the Russian Federation to stay afloat, the Federal budget will miss several trillion rubles, which could lead to catastrophic consequences for the country.

In order to protect themselves as much as possible from fluctuations in oil prices, Russian oil and gas companies are increasingly paying attention to the development of energy exports to the countries of Southeast Asia, Japan, China and India. The countries of this region have a large economic potential and for its implementation they are forced to export oil and gas in huge quantities. In addition, a very important factor is the fact that most of the oil and gas fields are located in Siberia, from where the transportation of fuel to the Pacific region is cheaper than to Europe. The only problem on which work has already begun is the weak capacity of the oil and gas transportation system in the eastern direction. To solve problems with transportation, the Eastern Oil Pipeline has already been put into operation and the construction of the Power of Siberia gas pipeline is underway.

According to experts, natural gas consumption by China in 2030 may reach 600 billion cubic meters. meters, which will exceed the gas consumption of all European countries taken together. Now China's consumption is 186 billion cubic meters. m., and European countries - about 540 billion cubic meters. meters. The dependence of Europeans on Russian natural gas and oil is very high, because even the package of sanctions against the Russian economy did not affect energy exports.

If the development of the economy of Southeast Asia, China and India continues at the same pace as now, then the European market for gas and oil for Russia will become secondary, and the bulk of energy resources will be sent to the east. In this case, European countries risk becoming more dependent on Russian gas than they are now. After all, at the moment the Russian economy depends on the export of gas and oil to Europe, as much as the European economy on the import of these minerals. And in the case of the reorientation of the oil and gas industry of Russia to the "eastern vector", the dependence of the Russian Federation will decrease, and the need of Europe will not go anywhere. And as the head of Gazprom, Alexei Miller, noted at the International Business Congress, held in Belgrade in May 2015, “Gazprom has no competitors when supplying gas over a distance of 10,000 km. to the European market.

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In the list of the 20 largest enterprises in Russia, almost half are oil companies. The largest companies in terms of profit: Gazprom, Rosneft, Surgutneftegaz, Lukoil, Tatneft, Rusneft, NOVATEK.

The oil and gas industry in our country is the main source of state budget revenues. Short review shows that the largest oil companies in Russia are operating at a profit, despite the fall in world prices for hydrocarbons. The list was compiled on the basis of Expert RA (RAEX) data, the rating is based on the amount of net profit for 2015 (Fig. 1).

1. PJSC Gazprom

• Legal address: Russia, Moscow (Gazprom Neft - St. Petersburg)
• Information about the owners. The Russian Federation owns a controlling stake - 50.2% of the global energy company, including 95.7% of the shares of the Gazprom Neft subsidiary. In American depositary receipts - 27.7%, and other persons - 22%.
• Capitalization -$44 billion as of December 2015 (MICEX - Moscow International Currency Exchange).

Gazprom produces 72% of gas in Russia, the share in world production is 11%. In terms of reserves, it ranks 1st in the world. It has a monopoly on the export of pipeline gas. Gazprom Neft ranks 4th in the production of liquid hydrocarbons, and is among the top three in terms of refining volume. The consolidation of Gazprom's assets was carried out by the Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov, thanks to whom in 2007 the company entered the list of 100 largest companies in the world.

2. PJSC Surgutneftegaz

• Legal address: Russia, KhMAO, city of Surgut
• Information about the owners. Information about beneficial owners is not directly disclosed. In indirect sources, there is information that the main part belongs to the general director Vladimir Bogdanov, but he never officially confirmed it. In the list of affiliated persons, he has only 0.3% of the shares.
• Capitalization -$18.2 billion as of December 31, 2016 (LSE - London Stock Exchange).

The company is engaged in oil and gas production in Western and Eastern Siberia, on the Timan-Pechora Ridge (67 fields in total). It is known for keeping most of its profits on deposits (at the end of 2014 - about 2 trillion rubles). Surgutneftegaz is not interested in the growth of shares, and pays very small dividends. He invests in non-core assets, is the owner of the air carrier UTair (75%).

3. PJSC NK Rosneft

• Legal address: Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. As of December 2016, 50.1% belong to the Russian Federation (OJSC Rosneftegaz); 19.75% - British BP; 19.5 - joint consortium (Switzerland, Qatar); 7.5% - circulate in the form of global depositary notes.
• Capitalization -$57.6 billion as of December 31, 2016 (MICEX).

Rosneft entered the list of major oil companies in Russia after the purchase of TNK-BP (2012), one of the main owners of which was Mikhail Fridman. $54 billion was paid for the new assets, and 4 years later, the full cost of Rosneft dropped to this figure. In October 2015, as part of privatization, it acquired a 50.08% stake in NK Bashneft (state-owned stake), which in 2015 ranked first in terms of production growth (+11%).

4. PJSC Oil Company LUKOIL

• Legal address: Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. For 2015, the company's managers consolidated more than 50% of the shares. The largest stake belongs to President Vagit Alekperov - 22.96%, Vice President Leonid Fedun - 9.78%. Subsidiary "Lukoil Investments Cyprus Ltd." owns 16.18%, the rest are in free circulation.
• Capitalization -$35.5 billion as of December 31, 2015 (according to LSE).

The structure of over 45 subsidiaries in almost 20 countries, including Iraq, Egypt, Iran, countries South America, Europe. In 2009, on the orders of the Federal Antimonopoly Service, the FAS paid a fine of 6.5 billion rubles for actions that led to an increase in wholesale prices for gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel. In 2012, at the auction for the right to develop fields in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the company paid almost 51 billion rubles, beating major competitors: Gazprom and Rosneft.

5. PJSC Tatneft im. V.D. Shashina

• Legal address: Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, city of Almetyevsk
• Information about the owners. The largest owner is the Government of Tatarstan - 35.9%, the Ministry of Land Property of the Republic of Tatarstan - 30.44%, Russian citizens own about 9% of the shares, 5% belongs to Taif LLC (controls over 95% of petrochemistry and oil refining of Tatar oil).
• Capitalization -$9.8 billion as of December 31, 2015 (according to the company).

The main resource base of the company is located on the territory of Tatarstan. Outside the republic (Syria, Libya) in 2015, less than 1% of the volume was produced. Tatneft is actively developing refining production. Over the period from 2010 to 2015, the share of refining in relation to production increased from 0.8% to 34.1%. Nizhnekamsk Tire Plant, owned by the company, provides 72% of the total volume of all-steel steel tires produced in Russia.

6. PJSC NK RussNeft

• Legal address: Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. According to the company, as of November 2016, 60% of the shares belong to Mikhail Gutseriev and his family, 25% to the Swiss trader Glencore and 15% are in free float, traded on the MICEX.
• Capitalization -$2.5 billion as of November 25, 2016 (MICEX).

RussNeft is the only oil company in Russia, which was established in 2002, having nothing to do with privatization, but by consolidating the assets of a number of small enterprises. From 2006 to 2010, she was persecuted by the FAS. In November 2016, she held an IPO on the Moscow Exchange, placing a 20% stake, and raised about $500 million. It develops deposits in the Volga region, the Orenburg region, Azerbaijan, and Western Siberia (123 licenses in total).

7. PJSC Novatek

• Legal address: Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. The founder of the company, Leonid Mikhelson, owns a 24.8% stake, 23.5% - oil trader Gennady Timchenko, Gazprom - 10%, 15% - Total E&P Arctic Russia.
• Capitalization -$28 billion as of April 22, 2016 (LSE).

The company has 36 licenses for gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and is among the 5 largest companies in the world in terms of gas reserves. Currently, he is implementing a global project for the construction of a plant for the production of liquefied gas, from where it will be sent to China, Korea, and Japan. A cargo port is also being built there. About 22 thousand builders and 3.6 thousand units of equipment are employed in the construction of the complex.

In 2015, almost all the largest oil companies in Russia showed a decrease in net profit. Exceptions: Gazprom and Novatek: they have grown many times over.

PJSC Gazprom is a global energy company. The main activities are exploration, production, transportation, storage, processing and sale of gas, gas condensate and oil, sale of gas as a motor fuel, as well as production and sale of heat and electricity.

Gazprom has the richest natural gas reserves in the world. Its share in world gas reserves is 17%, in Russian - 72%. Gazprom accounts for 11% of global and 66% of Russian gas production. The company is currently actively implementing large-scale projects to develop the gas resources of the Yamal Peninsula, the Arctic shelf, Eastern Siberia and Far East, as well as a number of projects for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons abroad.

OOO Gazprom Fleet

LLC Gazprom Flot is a 100% subsidiary of PJSC Gazprom, established in 1994 with the aim of implementing a unified technical policy in the field of development of gas and oil fields on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation.

The main activities of OOO Gazprom Flot:
• construction of exploratory and production wells on the continental shelf;
• construction of offshore drilling rigs, specialized ships and other floating facilities;
• development and operation of coastal support bases and port infrastructure;
• operation of the fleet and its commercial exploitation;
• environmental monitoring.

Gazprom Fleet website➠

Public Joint Stock Company LUKOIL

PJSC LUKOIL is one of the largest vertically integrated oil and gas companies in the world, accounting for more than 2% of global oil production and about 1% of proven hydrocarbon reserves.

Having a full production cycle, the Company has full control over the entire production chain - from oil and gas production to the sale of petroleum products. More than 110 thousand people combine their efforts and talent to ensure the Company's leading position in the market.

The Company's activities can be divided into four main operating segments: exploration and production; processing, trade and marketing; petrochemistry; energy.

Russia accounts for 90% of the Company's proven reserves and 87% of commercial hydrocarbon production. Abroad, the Company participates in oil and gas production projects in six countries of the world.
The main volumes of the Company's geological exploration work are concentrated in the areas of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, Western Siberia and the Volga region (including the waters of the Caspian Sea.

The main part of the Company's activities is carried out on the territory of four federal districts of the Russian Federation - North-Western, Volga, Ural and Southern. Western Siberia is the Company's main oil production region (48.2% of LUKOIL Group's oil production), as well as its main resource base (53.7% of LUKOIL Group's proven oil reserves).

OAO Surgutneftegaz

The main business lines of the company are:
• Exploration and production of hydrocarbon raw materials,
• Oil, gas processing and power generation,
• Manufacture and marketing of petroleum products, gas processing products,
• Development of oil and gas chemistry products.

The history of the oil-producing enterprise Surgutneftegaz dates back to October 1977, when it was given the status of a diversified production association, and in 1993 it was transformed into an open joint-stock company. As a vertically integrated company, OJSC “Surgutneftegas” has been on the market for a little over 20 years.

The enterprises that are part of Surgutneftegaz have a rather rich history: half a century of experience in oil production, over 40 years of work in the field of oil refining, from 50 to 100 years of oil products supply.

Website of OJSC “Surgutneftegas” ➠

Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom Neft

Gazprom Neft is a vertically integrated oil company whose main activities are the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, oil refining, and the production and marketing of petroleum products.

Proved reserves (proved, 1P) of hydrocarbons of Gazprom Neft at the end of 2015 are estimated at 1.52 billion tons of oil equivalent, which puts Gazprom Neft on a par with the 20 largest oil companies in the world.

The structure of Gazprom Neft includes more than 70 oil producing, oil refining and sales enterprises in Russia, near and far abroad countries. The company processes about 80% of the produced oil, demonstrating one of the best ratios of production and processing in the Russian industry. In terms of oil refining, Gazprom Neft is one of the three largest companies in Russia, and it ranks fourth in terms of production.

PJSC Gazprom Neft website ➠

OAO NGK Slavneft

Open Joint Stock Company Oil and Gas Company Slavneft (OAO NGK Slavneft) was established on August 26, 1994 on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 305 dated April 8, 1994 and Order No. 589-r of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated June 15, 1994. The main founders of Slavneft were the State Property Committee of Russia with an initial share in the authorized capital of the Company of 86.3% and the Ministry of State Property of the Republic of Belarus (7.2%).

In November 2002, the Government of the Republic of Belarus sold a 10.83% stake in Slavneft, which belonged to the Belarusian state. On December 18, 2002, at an auction in Moscow, a block of shares in Slavneft, which was in Russian federal ownership, was sold, which accounted for 74.95% of the Company's authorized capital.

To date, the authorized capital of the Company is 4,754,238 rubles. and divided into 4754238000 ordinary shares with a par value of 0.1 kop. 99.7% of Slavneft's shares are controlled on a parity basis by Rosneft and Gazprom Neft.

Today Slavneft is one of the ten largest oil companies in Russia. The vertically integrated structure of the holding makes it possible to provide a full production cycle: from exploration of deposits and production of hydrocarbon reserves to their processing. Slavneft owns licenses for geological exploration and oil and gas production at 31 license blocks in Western Siberia (KhMAO-Yugra) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The main oil producing enterprise of the Company is OAO Slavneft-Megionneftegaz (OAO SN-MNG). Working at Megionskoye, Aganskoye, Vatinskoye, Taylakovskoye and a number of other fields, SN-MNG produces about 1.3 million tons of hydrocarbons per month. The annual production of all enterprises of the holding is about 15.5 million tons of oil.

OAO NGK Slavneft website ➠

Public Joint Stock Company Tatneft

Tatneft is one of the largest Russian oil companies, an internationally recognized vertically integrated holding. As part of the Company's production complex, oil and gas production, oil refining, petrochemistry, a tire complex, a network of filling stations and a block of service structures are steadily developing. Tatneft also participates in the capital of companies in the financial (banking and insurance) sector.

For the purpose of further economic growth, innovative development and strengthening of its position as one of the leaders in the Russian oil industry, Tatneft:
— successfully implements programs to stabilize the volume of profitable oil and gas production at licensed fields under development;
-actively develops new deposits, including high-viscosity and hard-to-recover oil in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan;
- expands the resource base outside the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation;
– increases production and sales volumes finished species products of high competitiveness due to the development of oil refining and petrochemical industries;
— effectively forms and implements an innovation-oriented engineering policy.

Public Joint Stock Company NK Rosneft

Rosneft is the leader of the Russian oil industry and the largest public oil and gas corporation in the world. The main activities of PJSC NK Rosneft are the search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, the production of oil, gas, gas condensate, the implementation of projects for the development of offshore fields, the processing of extracted raw materials, the sale of oil, gas and products of their processing in Russia and abroad.

Rosneft is a global energy company with main assets in Russia and a diversified portfolio in promising regions of the international oil and gas business, including assets in Venezuela, the Republic of Ecuador, the Republic of Cuba, Canada, the USA, Brazil, Norway, Germany, Italy, Algeria, Mongolia, China, Vietnam, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates.

Rosneft is the leader Russian oil refining. The Company includes 10 large oil refineries (including a 50% stake in Slavneft-YANOS), several mini-refineries in the Russian Federation. In Germany, Rosneft owns stakes in four refineries with a capacity of 11.5 mmt (in the Company's share). The Company's sales network covers 59 regions of Russia, as well as neighboring countries.

Website of PJSC NK Rosneft ➠

JSC NK RussNeft

The structure of the RussNeft Group of Companies includes 45 producing companies.
The geography of RussNeft's activities covers 16 regions of Russia and the CIS countries.
The head office of the Company is located in Moscow.
There are 217 oil and gas fields in development. The total recoverable oil reserves of the RussNeft Group of Companies exceed 900 million tons, gas - 115 billion m³.
The number of the Company's personnel is more than 21 thousand employees.

OAO NOVATEK

OAO NOVATEK is Russia's largest independent natural gas producer. The company is engaged in the exploration, production, processing and sale of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons and has twenty years of experience in the Russian oil and gas industry.

Public Joint Stock Company ANK Bashneft

PJSC ANK Bashneft is a dynamically developing Russian vertically integrated oil company. At the end of 2015, the company ranks sixth in terms of oil production and fourth in terms of primary refining among Russian oil companies. Bashneft demonstrates stable financial results and consistently high dividend payments.

Bashneft is one of the oldest enterprises in the Russian oil industry and has been producing since 1932.
The Company's vast oil reserves and resource base are located in three main oil-producing regions of Russia: the Volga-Ural province, Timan-Pechora, and Western Siberia.
More than 180 deposits are in commercial operation.
Production of more than 19 million tons of oil per year.
Powerful scientific potential - many years of experience in the development and implementation of advanced technologies for oil exploration and production.
A high-tech refinery with an average Nelson index of 9.1.
Processing more than 19 million tons of oil per year.
Industry leader in terms of oil refining depth with an indicator of 85.8%.
Production and sale of motor fuels of high environmental standard Euro 5.
As of December 31, 2014, the Bashneft retail network includes 744 filling stations (own and partner) located in 12 regions of the Russian Federation.
High returns for shareholders - for the period 2009-2014, the total amount of dividend payments amounted to 179.1 billion rubles.

Website of PJSOC Bashneft ➠

OAO Oil Company Alliance

Alliance Oil Company OJSC (Alliance Oil Company) is a vertically integrated company established in late 2001 by incorporating oil assets controlled by Alliance Group into its structure. At the first stage, in 2001-07, the company's activity was concentrated mainly in the sector of oil refining and marketing of petroleum products. In April 2008, as a result of the merger of NK Alliance with the oil producing company West Siberian Resources (WSR), an integrated oil company was formed, which since June 2009 has been called Alliance Oil Company Ltd. (AOC).

OOO NK Northern Lights

Northern Lights Oil Company LLC is a steadily growing company that has taken its niche in the oil market.

To date, NK Northern Lights LLC holds licenses for exploration and production of oil in 4 fields of the Timano-Pechora oil and gas province - Lydushor-Shorsandiveysky, Shorsandiveysky, Lydushorsky and Musyurshorsky fields.

The Company's assets include 26 drilled wells, as well as its own oil treatment and transportation system, which includes a 170 km oil pipeline with its own oil delivery point to the AK Transneft system, which allows transporting produced oil and providing oil pumping services to third parties. The Musyurshorskoye field has the infrastructure for oil production, treatment and pumping, including its own power generation, oil treatment, tank farms and metrological equipment.

Website of LLC "NK "Northern Lights" ➠

OAO Tomskneft

The main activity is oil and gas production in the Tomsk and Tyumen regions.
The main area of ​​activity of the company is the Tomsk region. JSC "Tomskneft" VNK is the largest taxpayer, providing a share of 30% of tax payments to the regional budget. The enterprise produces up to 65% of the total oil production in the Tomsk region. The main base city of the Tomsk oilmen is Strezhevoy. The population of Strezhevoy is about 42.4 thousand people.

The area of ​​activity of JSC "Tomskneft" VNK is more than 42 thousand sq. km. The area of ​​licensed areas is over 26 thousand sq. km. The main distinguishing feature of our geography is the scatter of deposits, they are located in the hard-to-reach Vasyugan swamps and on undeveloped lands. The degree of waterlogging of the Tomsk region reaches 37%.

JSC "Tomskneft" VNK is the owner of 24 licenses for oil and gas production at the fields of the Tomsk region, 7 licenses for the right to use subsoil in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, 7 licenses for geological exploration with further production of hydrocarbons. In addition, OAO Tomskneft VNK is an agent for the development of two licensed areas of OAO NK Rosneft. The remaining recoverable reserves of the enterprise amount to more than 300 million tons.

The shareholders of OAO Tomskneft VNK are OAO NK Rosneft and OAO Gazprom Neft, which each own 50% of the Company's shares.

JSC "AMNGR"

Areas of activity of Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka OJSC:
• search, exploration, development, development and operation of oil and gas fields on the continental shelf and islands;
• extraction and processing of oil, gas and condensate, their storage, transportation and sale;
• design, construction and operation of oil and gas wells at sea and on land;
• open pit mining and extraction of common minerals;
• well logging;
• testing, hydrodynamic studies of wells;
• carrying out research and thematic work on the generalization of geological and geophysical information;
• calculation of hydrocarbon reserves for discovered fields and prospective structures, assessment of forecast oil and gas resources;
• transportation of goods and passengers by sea, rescue operations.

OAO NNK

The main activities of OAO Nenets Oil Company:
• Search, exploration and development of deposits
• Well workover
• Provision of supervising services
• Well testing in an open hole
• Design and construction works
• Services in the field of energy inspection

Partners
• "Total. Exploration. Development. Russia" (France)
• Statoil Hydro (Norway)
• OJSC Zarubezhneft (Russia)
• OOO SK Rusvietpetro (Russia)
• ZAO SN Invest (Russia)
• Polar Lights Company LLC (Russia)
• Bashneft-Polyus LLC (Russia)

INK LLC

The Irkutsk Oil Company (INC) Limited Liability Company is one of the largest independent hydrocarbon producers in Russia. Irkutsk Oil Company and its affiliates legal entities(INK group of companies) are engaged in geological study, exploration and production of hydrocarbons at deposits and licensed subsoil areas in Eastern Siberia - in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Nobel Oil Group of Companies

The Nobel Oil Group of Companies is an independent oil and gas holding specializing in the exploration and production of oil in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province and hydrocarbon-rich territories of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Manufacturers and suppliers of electrical equipment and electricity ➠

Wikipedia: Russian oil companies
• Alliance (company) ➠
• Bashneft ➠
• Vostokgazprom ➠
• Vietsovpetro