Fifi (Tringa glareola) - Birds of the European part of Russia. Fifi • Red Book of the Ryazan region Fifi interesting facts about the bird

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fifi, or herbalist, or kuvedriha(outdated) - Tringa glareola

Appearance. Look like blackie, but somewhat smaller (with starling), lighter, back gray, legs light, yellowish, in flight noticeably protrude beyond the edge of the tail, sides of the head are gray, the wing below is light with dark streaks, the chest is whitish.
Two-syllable whistle “fi-fi”. Song - “peri, peri, peri...”, followed by a quick trill “tile-tile, tile-tile...”, which resembles a song tops .
Habitat. It lives in swamps, streams, lakes and damp meadows.
Nutrition. It feeds on aquatic insects, larvae, worms, small mollusks and collects dead fish fry.
Nesting places. Breeds on sedge, grassy, ​​tussock and other marshes and marshy shores of water bodies.
Nest location. Nests on the ground among grass, rarely in old thrush nests.
Construction material nests. The nest is built from dry vegetation.
The shape and size of the nest. The nest is a hole sparsely lined with dry blades of grass. Nest diameter 100-110 mm, tray depth 40-60 mm.
Masonry features. There are 4 eggs in a clutch, somewhat rounded. Shell with a slight sheen. The color of the eggs is light olive-green with large chocolate-brown surface spots, thickening towards the blunt end, and a small amount of ash-gray deep spots. Egg sizes: (37-38) x (26-27) mm.
Nesting times. Arrives in April - early May. Immediately after arrival, it starts pairing and building a nest. Egg laying occurs in May. Male and female incubate. Nestlings observed in June. Departure takes place in August - early September.
Spreading. Distributed almost everywhere from the southern tundra to forest-steppes. In the north it reaches 68-71° latitude, in the south it breeds up to the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, Central Asia and Transbaikalia.
Wintering. Winters in Africa, South Asia and Australia.

Description of Buturlin. fifi by size and color very similar to the Blackie, but the white color of the undertail does not extend to the back of its back. The lining of the wings of the fifi is white, with smoky markings, while that of the blackling is dark brown, with narrow whitish transverse stripes. Taking off from the shallows or swamps, this little piece makes itself felt with short whistling cries of “pee-pee...” or “fi-fi...”, from which, undoubtedly, its name comes from.
fifi - marsh bird; he adheres to grassy, ​​damp river valleys, wet floodplain meadows; during migration and migrations, it happens on open shallows. This kulichka is just as common, and in some places even more common, than the blackie.
IN spring time fifi sings flying over grasslands or tundra. Kulichok is carried in wide circles about 100 meters above the ground, now flapping its wings, now soaring or with outstretched wings yard almost in one place. And all the time his simple but loud song is flowing: “peri, peri, peri ...”, replaced by a quick trill “tile-tile, tile-tile ...”, which resembles a forest lark - yule.
Eggs they are laid in a very simple nest - in the north, in early June, in the middle lane in May (the length of the eggs is 35.5-42 mm, and the width is 24.4-48.5 mm). In Ukraine, since the end of June, flying young have already come across.
Fifi nests in the northern and middle strip of Europe and Asia - from Belgium and Holland to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands. We go north to 68-71 ° north latitude, in the south it breeds to the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, Central Asia and Transbaikalia.

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A little smaller, with which it is very similar, but more slender and long-legged. The upperparts of the body are brownish-gray with whitish, larger and more frequent light streaks than those of the blackling. The back and wings are uniformly dark. The bottom is white with dark streaks on the neck, chest and sides, the underside of the wing is light. Body length 19–21 cm, wingspan 36–40 cm, weight 50–95 g. Males and females are colored the same.

Description. Adult birds in breeding plumage are brownish-gray above with light streaks and stripes scattered over the main background. The dark coloration of the back and wings contrasts with the white loin and rump, as in the blackling, but the border between the gray back and light rump is not so sharp. There are numerous dark longitudinal stripes on the crown and neck. From the base of the beak above the eye there is a long light whitish stripe extending behind the eye. Sides of head and neck with alternating light and brownish longitudinal stripes. The chin, throat, most of the chest and belly are white, on the white plumage of the sides of the body there are dark transverse stripes. The underside of the wing is light. Tail feathers are white, with frequent blackish-brown transverse stripes. The tail is straight cut or rounded, only the central pair of tail feathers is longer than the others. Legs not dark, pale olive or yellowish, relatively long. In a flying bird, the legs protrude beyond the edge of the tail. There is a small membrane between the bases of the middle and outer fingers. The beak is black. The rainbow is brown.

Adult birds in winter plumage are greyish-brown above. The neck in front and the sides of the forechest are also greyish-brown with darker centers of feathers that are slightly visible. The rest of the plumage is like that of birds in summer plumage. Juvenile bird in juvenile plumage is blackish-brown above with fairly large numerous pale-buffy or reddish spots, much larger than those of a young black-winged bird. The top of the head is blackish with buffy longitudinal stripes. The underside of the body is colored like that of adult birds in winter plumage. Young birds in the first winter plumage are colored in the same way as adult birds in winter, but there are buffy spots on the upper wing coverts. A young bird in its first spring plumage is indistinguishable from an adult bird in spring feathers. The downy chick is brownish-grayish with an ocher hue from above, with irregularly shaped black spots.

Along the ridge there is a wide black stripe, parallel to which runs along a brownish-ocher stripe on each side. A black stripe runs along the middle of the crown, widening behind in the form of a large spot. The forehead and the stripe above the eye are white, the buffy hue on the forehead is more pronounced than in the black puffball. A narrow black stripe runs from the base of the beak to the eye. Above light eyebrows on a narrow black stripe, the same strip runs from the posterior edge of the eye to the back of the head. On the dirty white underside of the body in the chest area there is a pale buffy coating. Legs are gray or olive grey. Compared to the Blackie, the top of the Fifi is lighter and very variegated, not so sharply different in color from the white loin and uppertail; a light eyebrow coming from the beak, longer, goes behind the eye. In general, the fifi is a longer-legged and slender wader. It differs from the handguard in shorter legs and a beak; the white color from the lower back does not extend to the back.

Voice. The call is a characteristic disyllabic " fifi, fifi". Current screams - fast repetitive " meatball-meatball-meatball" or " fita-fitya-fitya with the accent on the last syllable. The cry of concern near the brood is a sharp loud " tech-tech-tech...».

Distribution, status. Breeds in Eurasia from Scandinavia and Denmark to Anadyr and Kamchatka. In the north it inhabits the southern tundra, forest-tundra, forest zone, to the south in some places it goes into the forest-steppe and even to the north of the steppe zone. IN European Russia occurs from the coast of the Barents Sea to the southern border of the distribution of mixed forests in the Non-Black Earth Region and in the Middle Volga region. Wintering grounds are located in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, a number of islands in Indonesia, New Guinea and Australia.

Lifestyle. Arrives at breeding grounds early, from mid-April in the south to early June in the north. It flies singly, sometimes in small groups both during the day and at night. For feeding and rest, it stops along the banks of rivers on floodplain spills and near lakes with grassy shores. After distribution over territories and mating, it starts nesting. During the lekking flight, the male flies over his territory in irregular circles. The trajectory of movement is an alternation of rises with frequent wing flutter and gliding on spread fixed wings with an open tail. The song is published mainly during a gliding flight. Nesting habitats are varied. These are tundras of various types, grass and sedge-moss bogs, forest-tundra woodlands, banks of stagnant reservoirs, swampy shrubs with grass glades, sparse mixed forests, damp overgrown clearings, floodplain grass meadows with bushes, and high-mountain swamps.

The nest is usually located on the ground among dense, low-growing shrubs (in the tundra), in sedge or cottonseed tussocks (in swamps or floodplain meadows). Sometimes nests in a depression on top of a rotten stump or in old thrush nests. The clutch consists of 4, sometimes 3 light buff, pale green, light gray or fawn eggs with various brown or brown spots. Both parents incubate the clutch for 20-21 days. They usually incubate tightly, taking off at a short distance or even from under their feet, in the latter case they actively withdraw, imitating a wounded bird with a loud squeak. Some birds are much more cautious and leave the nest early. Usually they begin to behave more carefully after the first scare, leaving the masonry in advance. With chicks, parents fly out to meet the source of danger in advance, circle around and accompany them for a long time with endless cries of alarm. In early broods, both parents worry about the chicks, however, after a few days, the females usually leave the chicks, the males lead the broods until they fledge. In late broods, only males stay near the chicks almost immediately after hatching.

• Class: Aves = Birds
• Subclass: Ornithurae, or Neornithes = Fan-tailed birds, new birds
• Superorder: Neognathae = New-palatine birds, neognats
• Order: Charadriiformes = Charadriiformes
• Suborder: Charadrii = Sandpipers
• Family: Scolopacidae Rafinesque, 1815 = Snipes

Species: Tringa glareola Linnaeus, 1758 = Fifi

Appearance. It looks like a Blackie, but somewhat smaller (from a starling), lighter, gray back, legs light, yellowish, in flight noticeably protrude beyond the edge of the tail, sides of the head are gray, the wing is light from below with dark streaks, the chest is whitish.

Two-syllable whistle “fi-fi”. The song is “peri, peri, peri...”, followed by a quick trill “tile-tile, tile-tile...”, which resembles a yula song.

Habitat. It lives in swamps, streams, lakes and damp meadows.

Nutrition. It feeds on aquatic insects, larvae, worms, small mollusks and collects dead fish fry.

Nesting places. Breeds on sedge, grassy, ​​tussock and other marshes and marshy shores of water bodies.

Nest location. Nests on the ground among grass, rarely in old thrush nests.

Nest building material. The nest is built from dry vegetation.

The shape and size of the nest. The nest is a hole sparsely lined with dry blades of grass. Nest diameter 100-110 mm, tray depth 40-60 mm.

Masonry features. There are 4 eggs in a clutch, somewhat rounded. Shell with a slight sheen. The color of the eggs is light olive-green with large chocolate-brown surface spots, thickening towards the blunt end, and a small amount of ash-gray deep spots. Egg sizes: (37-38) x (26-27) mm.

Nesting times. Arrives in April - early May. Immediately after arrival, it starts pairing and building a nest. Egg laying occurs in May. Male and female incubate. Nestlings observed in June. Departure takes place in August - early September.

Spreading. Distributed almost everywhere from the southern tundra to forest-steppes. In the north it reaches 68-71° latitude, in the south it breeds up to the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, Central Asia and Transbaikalia.

Wintering. Winters in Africa, South Asia and Australia.

Description of Buturlin: Fifi is very similar in size and color to the Blackie, but the white color of the undertail does not extend to the back of its back. The lining of the wings of the fifi is white, with smoky marks, while that of the blackling is dark brown, with narrow whitish transverse stripes. Taking off from the shallows or swamps, this little piece makes itself felt with short whistling cries of “pee-pee...” or “fi-fi...”, from which, undoubtedly, its name comes from.

Fifi is a swamp bird; he adheres to grassy, ​​damp river valleys, wet floodplain meadows; during migration and migrations, it happens on open shallows. This kulichka is just as common, and in some places even more common, than the blackie.

In springtime fifi sings while flying over meadows or tundra. Kulichok is carried in wide circles about 100 meters above the ground, now flapping its wings, now soaring or with outstretched wings yard almost in one place. And all the time his simple but loud song is flowing: “peri, peri, peri ...”, replaced by a quick trill “tile-tile, tile-tile ...”, which resembles a forest lark - yule.

Eggs are laid in a very simple nest - in the north, in early June, in the middle lane in May (the length of the eggs is 35.5-42 mm, and the width is 24.4-48.5 mm). In Ukraine, since the end of June, flying young have already come across.

Fifi nests in the northern and middle strip of Europe and Asia - from Belgium and Holland to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands. We go north to 68-71 ° north latitude, in the south it breeds to the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, Central Asia and Transbaikalia.

Class: Birds Order: Charadriiformes Family: Snipes Genus: Snails Species: Fifi

Fifi - Tringa glareola

Appearance.

It looks like a Blackwing, but smaller (the wing is not more than 129 mm), the top is noticeably grayer with whitish spots, the legs are light, yellowish (in flight, the legs protrude beyond the end of the tail, which the Blackwing does not have). In winter it is grayer, the spots on the back are smaller. Juveniles have reddish spots on their backs.

Lifestyle.

Inhabitant of various landscapes from tundra to steppes, on migration stays in open swampy places. Migrant. Common. Breeds in marshy tundra, moss swamps, forest rivers and lakes, grassy meadows. Nest - a hole in moss or grass, lining of sedge stems or willow leaves and dwarf birch, less often nests of thrushes are used. Clutch from mid-May to late June, consists of 4 greenish eggs with red-brown spots. At the nest, he is very worried, flying around and screaming, in the non-breeding time he is relatively gullible. Often sits on bushes and trees. The voice is a two-syllable characteristic "fi-fi, fi-fi". Feeds mainly on insects and their larvae. It differs from the blackling by the lighter and more spotted color of the back and not so bright uppertail, light legs and underside of the wing, small size (the bird caught is easily recognizable by the light core of the first flight feather), from the carrier by the spotted back, streaks on the neck and chest, light color .

Reference books of the geographer and traveler V.E. Flint, R.L. Boehme, Yu.V. Kostin, A.A. Kuznetsov. Birds of the USSR. Publishing house "Thought" Moscow, edited by prof. G.P. Dementieva. Image: Byrd , Vernon - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

ORDER CHARADRIIFORMES - CHARADRIIFORMES

Distributed unevenly throughout the region. In nesting time, it occurs mainly where there are extensive damp overgrown meadows or waterlogged moss swamps. Most common in the south of the Karelian Isthmus, for example, in the area of ​​st. Sample, and in the southern and southeastern Ladoga region in the swamps near the villages of Dubno and Zagubye. Fifi is also not uncommon in the area of ​​the Verkhne-Svirsky reservoir, nesting in separate areas of the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. It used to be common near Leningrad in the Lakhta region. At present, only st. Spill, on the territory of the former Yuntolovsky dacha. It is also found on damp wastelands north of Malaya Okhta. In other parts of the region, fifi breeds very rarely and mainly in landscapes of the northern type, for example, in the Mshinsky swamp, where this bird often settles in the neighborhood with northern species of waders - the middle curlew and golden plover. Although in the most favorable habitats the number of fifi may be quite high, in general, however, the number of nesting in the territory of the Leningrad Region. birds hardly exceeds 800-1000 pairs.

In the spring, fifi appears relatively late within the region. The earliest date of arrival, noted over the past decades, is May 1, 1966 at the station. Try. Usually these waders come to us in the second half of the 1st decade of May, when they appear immediately in large numbers. In the south of the Karelian Isthmus in the floodplain of the Morya at this time they are regularly found in flocks of up to 30-50 birds and in smaller groups that constantly fly over damp meadows, feed and lek. However, already in the second decade of May, a sharp decline in numbers occurs, and only a few birds nesting here remain on the breeding grounds. Some individuals in some years can be observed on migration until the end of May, when our birds have been incubating for a long time, and mating of local males ends. The last lekking individuals were noted by us in early June, except for the rare songs of males, which can sometimes be heard at the beginning of summer bird migrations.

We managed to find the earliest clutch of four eggs already on May 8th. The nest, found in the Vsevolozhsk district in Krasnoe Bog, was located on a tussock among the thickets of dwarf birch, cotton grass and narrow-leaved sedge. Other 5 nests known to us were located in similar places silt" among sparse thickets of horsetail growing in waterlogged, but not flooded areas (Fig. 86). Lowland swamps, overgrown with herbs, fifi clearly avoids.

Reproduction fifi in the Leningrad region. runs mostly smoothly. Delays in terms were observed by us relatively rarely. In most cases, hatching of chicks was noted at the end of May - in the first ten days of June. For example, in 1964 in the area of ​​st. The test, judging by the age of the chicks found in 18 broods, hatching occurred in the period from May 28 to June 8. In Zagubye in 1965, chicks hatched in one of the nests on July 2, and in the area of ​​the village. Dubno in 1967 - July 3. Thus, the difference in the timing of hatching of chicks in different years can reach at least 36 days.

After leaving the nest, the broods concentrate in shallow puddles in the flooded part of the meadows, at the edges of ditches on the edges of the forest, on swampy moss bogs bordering on reeds, near roadside puddles and similar places. The number of birds here can be judged from the following data. In the area of ​​the village Zagubie on a route of 6 km, passing along the border of reed beds and a moss swamp, in June 1965, 13 fifi broods were counted, i.e., approximately 2 broods per 1 km. In the area of ​​the village In Dubno, in the Igolnik bog, at the same time, 23 broods were found with the help of a pointing dog on the territory of 4 km2 in habitats suitable for fifi habitat. However, the highest concentration of non-flying broods was noted in damp meadows near the village of Lepsarki. Here, on an area of ​​10 ha in June 1964, 18 fifi litters were counted, i.e., about two broods per hectare of marshy meadows.

We note in passing that fifis nest here in the neighborhood of turukhtans.

The reaction of hiding in fifi chicks, like in other waders, is expressed up to their rise to the wing, however, it is much weaker than in the chicks of the Lesser Plover nesting on open beaches. In response to the alarm signal of the parents, which is usually extremely intense, they initially run away, hiding in the thick grass, and then hide.

Rice. 86. Fifi (Tringa glareola) at the nest.
District der. Dubno in the southern Ladoga region, July 1, 1965. Photo by Yu. B. Pukinsky.

According to the observation of N. S. Ivanova, the ability to fly in fifi chicks occurs at the age of 30-35 days. Thus, by the end of June - the beginning of the second decade of July, most of the young fifi nesting in the Leningrad Region are already on the wing. From this period, broods begin to concentrate on the banks of water bodies, in puddles that do not dry out by the end of summer among marshes or near ponds in fields.

Already from the end of the second decade of June, during broods, not two birds, but one, more and more often begin to meet. At one time, V.D. Kokhanov drew attention to this phenomenon, and it turned out to be characteristic of many species of waders. So, for example, in Zagubie in 1965 on June 19 we found 12 fifi broods, around which two birds were restless, and 2 broods, in which only one bird kept; June 25 - 6 broods with two adults and 7 with one bird, and finally on June 30, with all 6 broods found, only one bird was disturbed.

With chicks, Fifi apparently has a female left. "This can be judged by the fact that at the beginning of summer migrations, which in the Leningrad region can be observed already in the third decade of June, fifi, being on the flyway, sing, although irregularly. Thus, the first in summer migrations, obviously , the males separated from the broods are included.The time of leaving the family is determined not by the age of the chicks, but by the date of the start of summer migration.

Thus, all fifi broods found by us in July were led by only one female, despite the fact that the age of nestlings in different families varied from 1 to 30 days.

As with the cherny, summer fifi migrations, in which an increasing number of birds are gradually involved, pass into autumn, when females and young ones already begin to migrate. This occurs in the second half of July - the first decade of August.

In the middle of the last month, apparently, birds nesting in more northern latitudes fly. By September fifi already stop meeting within the Leningrad region.