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The largest oil refineries in Russia. Oil and gas industry of Russia JSC NK "RussNeft"

Industry is an important component of the country's economic complex. Its leading role is determined by the fact that it supplies all sectors of the economy with new materials and tools. Among other industries, it stands out for its regional and complex-forming functions.

Briefly about Russian industry

To date, the number of enterprises in Russia is approaching the mark of 460 thousand, they provide jobs for almost 15 million people, the volume of their products has exceeded the mark of 21 billion rubles. The industry of our country is characterized by a complex diversified and diversified structure, reflecting changes in the improvement of productive forces, in the development of the territorial division of labor. It is directly related to scientific and technological progress.

Classification

Modern industrial enterprises in Russia are characterized by quite high level specializations. As a result of the deepening division of labor, various branches, sub-sectors and types of production arose. Together, they form an industry structure. In the current current classification, eleven complex industries are identified, such as electric power, fuel, black and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and mechanical engineering, petrochemical and chemical, pulp and paper, forestry, woodworking, food, light industry. This division is determined by many economic and social factors, the main of which are: technical progress, level of development, social and historical conditions, Natural resources, production skills of the local population.

Industry is usually divided into: Mining. This includes industries associated not only with the extraction of minerals, but also their enrichment. In addition, it includes fishing for marine animals, fish and seafood. processing. This includes industrial enterprises in Russia engaged in the processing of products from the extractive industry. In addition, it also includes the processing of forest and agricultural raw materials. This industry is the basis of the entire heavy industry of the country.

The largest enterprises in Russia.

Gazprom"

Consider the top seven in the ranking of the largest companies in our country. In compiling this list, their assets, revenues and profits were taken into account. Mostly, the list of giants included the chemical enterprises of Russia, or rather, one of the branches of this industry, oil production. But first things first.

So, the undisputed leader is OAO Gazprom. This Russian gas company was founded in 1989. It operates in the gas production and gas distribution industry. Gazprom ranks fifteenth in the world in terms of its assets, and in terms of revenue, it ranks 24th in the ranking of global companies. The company's gas transportation system is 160,000 kilometers long and is the longest on our planet. 51 percent of the company's shares are owned by the state. Market price"Gazprom" exceeds 156 billion US dollars, its turnover is 150 billion dollars, and its assets are estimated at more than 303 billion dollars. This enterprise provides jobs for more than four hundred thousand people.

OAO Lukoil

Considering the large enterprises of Russia, it is impossible not to mention this company. She takes second place in our ranking. This enterprise was organized in 1991. The main activity of the OJSC is the exploration, production, processing and sale of oil and natural gas. Until 2007, it was the largest black gold mining company; in terms of revenue, it occupies the second position after Gazprom. At the beginning of 2011, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, Lukoil was considered the third company in the world ranking of private enterprises, and in terms of oil reserves, it was the first in the world. Thus, its market value is more than 55 billion dollars; assets - $90.6 billion; turnover - 105 billion dollars; annual revenue - 111.4 billion dollars; profit - 10.4 billion dollars. This enterprise provides jobs for more than one hundred and fifty thousand people.

OJSC Rosneft

This company is also included in the list of Russian enterprises whose assets can compete with the world's giants. JSC was established in 1993. Its main activity is exploration operations, oil and gas production, as well as the production of petroleum products and petrochemicals. An interesting fact is that since 2007 the company has surpassed its rival Lukoil in terms of oil production thanks to the purchase of Yukos assets. The cost of this enterprise is about 80 billion dollars; turnover - 63 billion dollars; revenue - about 60 billion dollars; assets - $106 billion; profit reaches 11.3 billion dollars. The Rosneft company provides jobs for about 170 thousand people.

OJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

This organization confirms that major state enterprises Russia work not only in the extractive industries, the fourth place in our rating is occupied by finance company. OJSC is a universal banking structure, as it provides a fairly wide range of services. Thus, according to 2009 data, its share of Russian market deposits amounted to more than 50 percent, and the loan portfolio amounted to more than thirty percent of the loans that were issued throughout the country. The market value of Sberbank is about $75 billion; share of assets – $282.4 billion; profit - 31.8 billion dollars. The company provides jobs for more than 240 thousand people.

OAO TNK-BP Holding

This enterprise was organized relatively recently - in 2003. Its specialization is oil production and its processing. The basis for its creation was the parity principles of TNK and British BP. The market value of the holding is $51.6 billion; revenue - $60.2 billion; profit reaches 9 billion dollars. The enterprise provides jobs for more than 50 thousand people.

OAO Surgutneftegaz

Large enterprises of Russia have been replenished with another "oil pump", he took the sixth place in our rating. JSC was founded in 1990 and is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the country. The enterprise is registered in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the city of Surgut, where its headquarters is located. The estimated cost is about $40 billion; assets - $46.6 billion; revenue - $20.3 billion; profit - 4.3 billion dollars. Surgutneftegaz provides jobs for more than 110 thousand people.

JSC VTB Bank

Our list ends with another financial institution. The beginning of its activity is 1990, before that the enterprise was called Vneshtorgbank. This commercial organization was able to bypass Sberbank of Russia in terms of the size of the authorized capital, and took a strong second place in terms of assets. The head office of the company is located in Moscow, but the place of registration is the cultural capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. The company's market value, according to preliminary estimates, is $26.4 billion; equity– $19.7 billion; assets - $139.3 billion; revenue - 12.6 billion dollars. The enterprise provides jobs for almost 70 thousand people. As you can see, only oil and gas producing companies and financial institutions. However, large Russian enterprises are not limited only to the mining sector, even if they do not have so many assets and such cosmic profits, but they also have something to brag about. For example, some of them even got into the Guinness Book of Records. However, more on that later.

Manufacturing enterprises in Russia.

"Izhora plant"

Although this enterprise cannot compete with the leaders of our rating, it is known and respected all over the world. This plant is one of the largest on the planet, capable of producing almost any part. And some of them are not produced anywhere else. The enterprise belongs to the sub-sector of heavy engineering. It is located in Kolpino (St. Petersburg). The range of this plant includes powerful excavators, rolling and power equipment, sheet and long products and much more. The enterprise in Kolpino is the only one in the territory Russian Federation enclosure manufacturer for nuclear reactors.

"Uralvagonzavod"

Defense enterprises Russia includes more than 1200 factories of various profiles. Many of them are widely known, and their products often have no analogues in the world. However, in this article we consider enterprises from the standpoint of their size, in this regard, we should focus on Uralvagonzavod. Due to its size, it got into the Guinness Book of Records and is considered the largest enterprise on the planet, its area is 827 thousand square meters. Located in Sverdlovsk region in the city of Nizhny Tagil. In fact, it is a research and production corporation that is engaged in both the development and production of new samples. military equipment, road-building machines, railway cars. The corporation includes manufacturing enterprises, design office and research institutes. The state owns the entire stake in this enterprise.

Finally

Despite the almost unceasing global economic crises Russia continues to be an industrial world power. Quite recently (on a historical scale), our country has dramatically changed its course of development, and today no one will reproach Russians for their lack of desire to work, to build their future already in the conditions of capitalist realities. Let the skeptics say that the share industrial production in Russia is inexorably reduced and only the extractive industries remain in demand, that almost all raw materials are exported. Of course, there is some truth in these words, but it should be understood that, as in wild nature here survival of the fittest. In recent years, the construction complex and industrial enterprises in Russia have been rapidly developing towards a major re-equipment and re-equipment of factories to work according to new standards and technologies. Now the focus is on economically justified production volumes with a minimum number of workers. This is achieved thanks to high-tech equipment and an increase in the share of automation. production process. This trend has led to the fact that over the past ten years the number of plants has increased significantly. As a result, for ease of orientation in this mass of companies, a directory was developed from which you can find out how many enterprises in Russia, their contact details, what they produce and a lot of other information that will be useful to both entrepreneurs and ordinary people. This idea was implemented within the framework of the project "All Industry of Russia".

Industry is an important component of the country's economic complex. Its leading role is determined by the fact that it supplies ever new materials and tools. Among other industries, it stands out for its regional and complex-forming functions.

Briefly about Russian industry

To date, the number of enterprises in Russia is approaching the mark of 460 thousand, they provide jobs for almost 15 million people, the volume of their products has exceeded the mark of 21 billion rubles. The industry of our country is characterized by a complex diversified and diversified structure, reflecting changes in improvement in the development of the territorial division of labor. It is directly related to scientific and technological progress.

Classification

Modern Russia is characterized by a fairly high level of specialization. As a result of the deepening division of labor, various branches, sub-sectors and types of production arose. Together, they form an industry structure. In the current current classification, eleven complex industries are identified, such as electric power, fuel, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and mechanical engineering, petrochemical and chemical, pulp and paper, forestry, woodworking, food, light industry. This division is determined by many economic and social factors, the main of which are: technical progress, level of development, social and historical conditions, natural skills of the local population.

Industry is divided into:

Mining. This includes industries associated not only with the extraction of minerals, but also their enrichment. In addition, it includes fishing for marine animals, fish and seafood.
Processing. This includes industrial enterprises in Russia engaged in the processing of products from the extractive industry. In addition, it also includes the processing of forest and agricultural raw materials. This industry is the basis of the entire heavy industry of the country.

The largest enterprises in Russia. Gazprom"

Consider the top seven in the ranking of the largest companies in our country. In compiling this list, their assets, revenues and profits were taken into account. Mostly, the list of giants included Russia, or rather, one of the branches of this industry - oil production. But first things first.

So, the undisputed leader is OAO Gazprom. This Russian gas company was founded in 1989. It operates in the gas production and gas distribution industry. Gazprom ranks fifteenth in the world in terms of its assets, and in terms of revenue, it ranks 24th in the ranking of global companies. The company's gas transportation system is 160,000 kilometers long and is the longest on our planet. 51 percent of the company's shares are owned by the state. The market value of Gazprom exceeds 156 billion US dollars, its turnover is 150 billion dollars, and its assets are estimated at more than 303 billion dollars. This enterprise provides jobs for more than four hundred thousand people.

OAO Lukoil

Considering it is impossible not to mention this company. She takes second place in our ranking. This enterprise was organized in 1991. The main activity of the OJSC is the exploration, production, processing and sale of oil and natural gas. Until 2007, it was the largest black gold mining company; in terms of revenue, it occupies the second position after Gazprom. At the beginning of 2011, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, Lukoil was considered the third company in the world ranking of private enterprises, and in terms of oil reserves, it was the first in the world. Thus, its market value is more than 55 billion dollars; assets - $90.6 billion; turnover - 105 billion dollars; annual revenue - 111.4 billion dollars; profit - 10.4 billion dollars. This enterprise provides jobs for more than one hundred and fifty thousand people.

OJSC Rosneft

This company is also included in the list of Russian enterprises whose assets can compete with the world's giants. JSC was established in 1993. Its main activity is exploration and gas operations, as well as the production of petroleum products and petrochemicals. An interesting fact is that since 2007 the company has surpassed its competitor Lukoil in terms of oil production thanks to the purchase of Yukos assets. The cost of this enterprise is about 80 billion dollars; turnover - 63 billion dollars; revenue - about 60 billion dollars; assets - $106 billion; profit reaches 11.3 billion dollars. The Rosneft company provides jobs for about 170 thousand people.

OJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

This organization confirms that major Russia work not only in the extractive industries, the fourth place in our rating is occupied by a financial company. OJSC is a universal banking structure, as it provides a fairly wide range of services. Thus, according to 2009 data, its share in the Russian deposit market was more than 50 percent, and the loan portfolio amounted to more than thirty percent of loans that were issued throughout the country. The market value of Sberbank is about $75 billion; the share of assets - 282.4 billion dollars; profit - 31.8 billion dollars. The company provides jobs for more than 240 thousand people.

OAO TNK-BP Holding

This enterprise was organized relatively recently - in 2003. Its specialization is oil production and its processing. The basis for its creation was the parity principles of TNK and British BP. The market value of the holding is $51.6 billion; revenue - 60.2 billion dollars; profit reaches 9 billion dollars. The enterprise provides jobs for more than 50 thousand people.

OAO Surgutneftegaz

Large enterprises of Russia have been replenished with another "oil pump", he took the sixth place in our rating. JSC was founded in 1990 and is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the country. The company is registered in the city of Surgut, where its headquarters is located. The estimated cost is about $40 billion; assets - $46.6 billion; revenue - $20.3 billion; profit - 4.3 billion dollars. Surgutneftegaz provides jobs for more than 110 thousand people.

JSC VTB Bank

As you can see, only oil and gas companies and financial organizations were included in the rating. However, large Russian enterprises are not limited only to the mining sector, even if they do not have so many assets and such cosmic profits, but they also have something to brag about. For example, some of them even got into the Guinness Book of Records. However, more on that later.

Manufacturing enterprises in Russia. "Izhora plant"

Although this enterprise cannot compete with the leaders of our rating, it is known and respected all over the world. This plant is one of the largest on the planet, capable of producing almost any part. And some of them are not produced anywhere else. The enterprise belongs to the sub-sector of heavy engineering. It is located in Kolpino (St. Petersburg). The range of this plant includes powerful excavators, rolling and power equipment, sheet and long products, and much more. The enterprise in Kolpino is the only manufacturer of vessels for nuclear reactors in the Russian Federation.

"Uralvagonzavod"

The defense enterprises of Russia include more than 1200 factories of various profiles. Many of them are widely known, and their products often have no analogues in the world. However, in this article we consider enterprises from the standpoint of their size, in this regard, we should focus on Uralvagonzavod. Due to its size, it got into the Guinness Book of Records and is considered the largest enterprise on the planet, its area is 827 thousand square meters. It is located in the Sverdlovsk region, in the city of Nizhny Tagil. In fact, it is a research and production corporation that is engaged in both the development and production of new types of military equipment, road construction machines, and railway cars. The corporation includes manufacturing enterprises, a design office and research institutes. The state owns the entire stake in this enterprise.

Finally

Despite the practically unceasing global economic crises, Russia continues to be an industrial world power. Quite recently (on a historical scale), our country has dramatically changed its course of development, and today no one will reproach Russians for their lack of desire to work, to build their future already in the conditions of capitalist realities. Let skeptics say that the share of industrial production in Russia is inexorably declining and only the extractive industries remain in demand, that almost all raw materials are exported. Of course, there is some truth in these words, but it should be understood that, as in the wild, the strongest survive here. In recent years, the construction complex and industrial enterprises in Russia have been rapidly developing towards a major re-equipment and re-equipment of factories to work according to new standards and technologies. Now the focus is on economically justified production volumes with a minimum number of workers. This is achieved thanks to high-tech equipment and an increase in the share of automation of the production process.

This trend has led to the fact that over the past ten years the number of plants has increased significantly. As a result, for ease of orientation in this mass of companies, a directory was developed from which you can find out how many enterprises there are in Russia, their contact details, what they produce and a lot of other information that will be useful to both entrepreneurs and ordinary people. This idea was implemented within the framework of the project "All Industry of Russia".

Fuel resources provide energy not only for the entire industry of any country in the world, but also for almost all spheres of human life. The most important part of Russia is the oil and gas sector.

The oil and gas industry is the generalized name of the complex industrial enterprises for the extraction, transportation, processing and distribution of end products of oil and gas processing. This is one of the most powerful sectors of the Russian Federation, largely forming the country's budget and balance of payments, providing foreign exchange earnings and maintaining the national currency.

History of development

The beginning of the formation of the oil field in the industrial sector is considered to be 1859, when mechanical drilling of wells was first used in the United States. Now almost all oil is produced through wells with only a difference in the efficiency of production. In Russia, the extraction of oil from drilled wells began in 1864 in the Kuban. The production debit at that time was 190 tons per day. In order to increase profits, much attention was paid to the mechanization of extraction, and already at the beginning of the 20th century, Russia took a leading position in oil production.

The first major areas for oil extraction in Soviet Russia were the North Caucasus (Maikop, Grozny) and Baku (Azerbaijan). These dwindling older deposits did not meet the needs of the developing industry, and significant efforts were made to discover new deposits. As a result, several fields were put into operation in Central Asia, Bashkiria, Perm and Kuibyshev regions, the so-called Volga-Ural base was created.

The volume of oil produced reached 31 million tons. In the 1960s, the amount of black gold mined increased to 148 million tons, of which 71% came from the Volga-Ural region. In the 1970s, deposits in the West Siberian basin were discovered and put into operation. With oil exploration, a large number of gas deposits have been discovered.

Importance of the oil and gas industry for the Russian economy

The oil and gas industry has a significant impact on the Russian economy. Currently, it is the basis for budgeting and ensuring the functioning of many other sectors of the economy. The value of the national currency largely depends on world oil prices. The carbon energy resources produced in the Russian Federation make it possible to fully satisfy domestic demand for fuel, ensure the energy security of the country, and also contribute to significant contribution in the global energy economy.

The Russian Federation has a huge hydrocarbon potential. The Russian oil and gas industry is one of the world's leading ones, fully meeting domestic current and future needs for oil and refined products. A significant amount of hydrocarbon resources and their products is exported, providing replenishment of the foreign exchange reserves. Russia ranks second in the world in terms of liquid hydrocarbon reserves with a share of about 10%. Oil reserves have been explored and developed in the bowels of 35 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Oil and gas industry: structure

There are several structural basic processes that make up the oil and gas industry: the oil and gas production, transportation and processing industries.

Hydrocarbon production is a complex process that includes field exploration, well drilling, production itself and primary purification from water, sulfur and other impurities. Enterprises or structural units, the infrastructure of which includes booster and cluster pumping stations, water discharge installations and oil pipelines.
Transportation of oil and gas from production sites to metering stations, to processing enterprises and to the final consumer is carried out using pipeline, water, automobile and railway transport. and trunk) are the most economical way to transport hydrocarbons, despite the very expensive facilities and maintenance. Oil and gas are transported by pipelines over long distances, including across different continents. Transportation by waterways using tankers and barges with a displacement of up to 320 thousand tons is carried out in intercity and international communications. Rail and trucks can also be used to transport crude oil over long distances, but are most cost effective on relatively short routes.
The processing of raw hydrocarbon energy carriers is carried out in order to obtain various types oil products. First of all, this different types fuels and raw materials for subsequent chemical processing. The process is carried out at oil refineries refineries. end products processing, depending on chemical composition are classified into different brands. The final stage of production is the mixing of the various obtained components in order to obtain the required composition corresponding to a specific

Fields of the Russian Federation

The Russian oil and gas industry includes 2,352 oil fields under development. The largest oil and gas region in Russia is Western Siberia, it accounts for 60% of all extracted black gold. A significant part of oil and gas is produced in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The volume of production of the product in other regions of the Russian Federation:

Volga-Ural base - 22%.
Eastern Siberia - 12%.
Northern deposits - 5%.
Caucasus - 1%.

share Western Siberia in natural gas production reaches almost 90%. The largest deposits (about 10 trillion cubic meters) are in the Urengoy field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The volume of gas production in other regions of the Russian Federation:

Far East - 4.3%.
Volga-Ural deposits - 3.5%.
Yakutia and Eastern Siberia - 2.8%.
Caucasus - 2.1%.

and gas

The task of processing is to turn crude oil and gas into marketable products. Refined products include heating oil, gasoline for Vehicle, jet fuel, diesel fuel. The refinery process includes distillation, vacuum distillation, catalytic reforming, cracking, alkylation, isomerization and hydrotreating.

Natural gas processing includes compression, amine cleaning, glycol drying. The fractionation process involves the separation of the liquefied natural gas stream into its constituent parts: ethane, propane, butane, isobutane and natural gasoline.

The largest companies in Russia

Initially, all major oil and gas fields were developed exclusively by the state. Today, these objects are available for use by private companies. In total, the oil and gas industry of Russia has more than 15 large producing enterprises, among which are the well-known Gazprom, Rosneft, Lukoil, Surgutneftegaz.

The oil and gas industry in the world allows solving important economic, political and social tasks. Given the favorable situation on the world energy markets, many oil and gas suppliers are making significant investments in the national economy through export proceeds and are demonstrating exceptional growth dynamics. The most illustrative examples are the countries of Southwest Asia, as well as Norway, which, with low industrial development, thanks to hydrocarbon reserves, has become one of the most prosperous countries in Europe.

Development prospects

The oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation is largely dependent on the behavior of the main competitors in the market for production: Saudi Arabia and the United States. By itself, the total amount of hydrocarbons produced does not determine world prices. The dominant indicator is percentage production in a single oil power. The cost of production in different leading countries in terms of production varies significantly: the lowest in the Middle East, the highest in the United States. When the volume of oil production is unbalanced, prices can change both in one direction and in the other.

Gas industry is the youngest and fastest growing industry. It is engaged in the production, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas. Gas production is 2 times cheaper than oil production and 10-15 times cheaper than coal production.

On the territory of Russia there are about 1/3 explored world reserves of natural gas, the potential reserves of which are estimated at 160 trillion. m3, of which European part accounts for 11.6%, and the eastern regions - 84.4%, the shelf of inland seas - 0.5%.

Over 90% of natural gas is produced in Western Siberia, including 87% in the Yamal-Nenets and 4% in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The largest deposits are located here: Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Medvezhye, etc. The industrial reserves of natural gas in this region account for more than 60% of all the country's resources. Among other gas producing territories, the Urals (Orenburg gas condensate field - more than 3% of production), the Northern District (Vuktylskoye field) stand out. There are natural gas resources in the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan gas condensate field), in the North Caucasus (North Stavropol, Kuban-Priazovskoe fields), Far East(Ust-Vilyuiskoye, Tungor on Sakhalin Island).

Shelf areas of the Arctic and the Sea of Okhotsk are considered promising areas for gas production. Gas supergiants have been discovered in the Barents and Kara Seas - Leningradskoye, Rusanovskoye, Shtokmanovskoye fields.

For gas transportation in Russia, a one system gas supply, including fields under development, a network of gas pipelines (143 thousand km), compressor stations, underground storage facilities and other installations. Operate large systems gas supply: Central, Volga, Ural, multi-line system Siberia-Center.

Russia's gas industry is dominated by RAO Gazprom is the world's largest gas production structure, one of the country's most important natural monopolies, providing 94% of all Russian gas production.

Oil industry

Oil industry engages in the extraction and transportation of oil, as well as the extraction of associated gas. Russia has quite large proven oil reserves (about 8% of the world's - the sixth largest in the world).

The resources of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province have been studied and developed the most. There are large deposits here: Romashkinskoye - in Tataria, Shkapovskoye and Tuymazinskoye - in Bashkiria, Mukhanovskoye - in the Samara region. and etc.

Main oil resources concentrated in the West Siberian oil and gas province. Since 1960, the Shaim, Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk oil regions have been delineated here, where such large fields as Samotlor, Ust-Balyk, Megionskoye, Yuganskoye, Kholmogorskoye, Variegonskoye and others are located.

The formation of the Timan-Pechora oil base continues, largest deposit— Usinskoe. Heavy oil is extracted here (by the mine method) - the most valuable raw material for the production of low-temperature oils necessary for the operation of mechanisms in harsh climatic conditions.

Oil was also found in other regions of Russia: in the North Caucasus, in the Caspian lowland, on about. Sakhalin, in the shelf zones of the Barents, Kara, Okhotsk, Caspian Seas.

Oil production is concentrated in three major oil and gas provinces, which together give more than 9/10 of the entire Russian oil, including the West Siberian province accounts for more than 2/3, the Volga-Urals - about 1/4 of the total production.

The privatization of oil and gas complex facilities has fragmented the previously unified centrally controlled state system. Private oil companies took over production facilities and the country's national wealth - oil fields and their reserves. There are 17 companies in the Russian oil complex. Among them, the largest are LUKOIL (18.7% of Russian oil production), TNK (18.5%), Rosneft (15.6%), Surgutneftegaz (13.6%) and Sibneft ( 9.7%.

The advancement of production to the eastern regions and to the north of the European part sharply poses the problem of oil transportation. Most effective tool for this purpose in Russia are pipelines (see the chapter “Transport complex”). The development of the network of oil pipelines contributes to the further approach of oil refining to the places of consumption of oil products.

gas processing industry engages in primary processing of associated gas oil fields and is located in large oil production centers - Surgut, Nezhnevartovsk, Almetyevsk, Ukhta. However, the most powerful gas processing centers in Russia are the centers of gas condensate fields - Orenburg and Astrakhan.

The location of enterprises in the oil refining industry depends on the size of the consumption of petroleum products in different regions, the technology of processing and transporting oil, and the territorial relationships between resources and places of consumption of liquid fuel.

Currently there are 28 refineries(refinery) with a total capacity of 300 million tons per year. Almost 90% of the capacities of the oil refining industry are located in the European part of Russia, which is explained by its predominant attraction to the consumer: it is cheaper to transport crude oil through pipelines than to transport petroleum products, and technological process oil refining is water-intensive, so most of the country's refineries are located on the Volga and its tributaries (Volgograd, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl), along the routes and at the ends of oil pipelines (Tuapse, Ryazan, Moscow, Kirishi, Omsk, Achinsk, Angarsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur), as well as at points with an advantageous transport and geographical position (Khabarovsk). A significant amount of oil is also processed in the places of its production: Ufa, Salavat, Samara, Perm, Ukhta, Krasnodar.

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Listed 20 largest enterprises Almost half of Russia is oil companies. The largest companies in terms of profit: Gazprom, Rosneft, Surgutneftegaz, Lukoil, Tatneft, Rusneft, NOVATEK.

The oil and gas industry in our country is the main source of state budget revenues. Short review shows that the largest oil companies in Russia are operating at a profit, despite the fall in world prices for hydrocarbons. The list was compiled on the basis of Expert RA (RAEX) data, the rating is based on the size net profit for 2015 (Fig. 1).

1. PJSC Gazprom

Legal address: Russia, Moscow (Gazprom Neft - St. Petersburg)
Information about the owners. The Russian Federation owns a controlling stake - 50.2% of the global energy company, including 95.7% of the shares of the Gazprom Neft subsidiary. In American depositary receipts - 27.7%, and other persons - 22%.
Capitalization -$44 billion as of December 2015 (MICEX - Moscow International Currency Exchange).

Gazprom produces 72% of gas in Russia, the share in world production is 11%. In terms of reserves, it ranks 1st in the world. It has a monopoly on the export of pipeline gas. Gazprom Neft ranks 4th in the production of liquid hydrocarbons, and is among the top three in terms of refining volume. The consolidation of Gazprom's assets was carried out by the Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov, thanks to whom in 2007 the company was included in the list of 100 largest companies peace.

2. PJSC Surgutneftegaz

Legal address: Russia, KhMAO, city of Surgut
Information about the owners. Information about beneficial owners is not directly disclosed. In indirect sources, there is information that the main part belongs to to CEO Vladimir Bogdanov, but he never officially confirmed it. In the list of affiliated persons, he has only 0.3% of the shares.
Capitalization -$18.2 billion as of December 31, 2016 (LSE - London Stock Exchange).

The company is engaged in oil and gas production in Western and Eastern Siberia, on the Timan-Pechora Ridge (67 fields in total). It is known for keeping most of its profits on deposits (at the end of 2014 - about 2 trillion rubles). Surgutneftegaz is not interested in the growth of shares, and pays very small dividends. He invests in non-core assets, is the owner of the air carrier "UTair" (75%).

3. PJSC NK Rosneft

Legal address: Russia Moscow
Information about the owners. As of December 2016, 50.1% belong to the Russian Federation (OJSC Rosneftegaz); 19.75% - British BP; 19.5 - joint consortium (Switzerland, Qatar); 7.5% - circulate in the form of global depositary notes.
Capitalization -$57.6 billion as of December 31, 2016 (MICEX).

Rosneft entered the list of major oil companies in Russia after the purchase of TNK-BP (2012), one of the main owners of which was Mikhail Fridman. $54 billion was paid for the new assets, and 4 years later, the full cost of Rosneft dropped to this figure. In October 2015, as part of privatization, it acquired a 50.08% stake in NK Bashneft (state-owned stake), which in 2015 ranked first in terms of production growth (+11%).

4. PJSC Oil Company LUKOIL

Legal address: Russia Moscow
Information about the owners. For 2015, the company's managers consolidated more than 50% of the shares. The largest stake belongs to President Vagit Alekperov - 22.96%, Vice President Leonid Fedun - 9.78%. Subsidiary "Lukoil Investments Cyprus Ltd." owns 16.18%, the rest are in free float.
Capitalization -$35.5 billion as of December 31, 2015 (according to LSE).

The structure of over 45 subsidiaries in almost 20 countries, including Iraq, Egypt, Iran, countries South America, Europe. In 2009, on the orders of the Federal Antimonopoly Service, the FAS paid a fine of 6.5 billion rubles for actions that led to an increase in wholesale prices for gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel. In 2012, at the auction for the right to develop fields in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the company paid almost 51 billion rubles, bypassing major competitors: Gazprom and Rosneft.

5. PJSC Tatneft im. V.D. Shashina

Legal address: Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, city of Almetyevsk
Information about the owners. The largest owner is the Government of Tatarstan - 35.9%, the Ministry of Land Property of the Republic of Tatarstan - 30.44%, Russian citizens own about 9% of the shares, 5% is owned by Taif LLC (controls over 95% of the petrochemistry and oil refining of Tatar oil).
Capitalization -$9.8 billion as of December 31, 2015 (according to the company).

The main resource base of the company is located on the territory of Tatarstan. Outside the republic (Syria, Libya) in 2015, less than 1% of the volume was produced. Tatneft is actively developing refining production. During the period from 2010 to 2015, the share of refining in relation to production increased from 0.8% to 34.1%. Nizhnekamsk Tire Plant, owned by the company, provides 72% of the total volume of all-steel steel tires produced in Russia.

6. PJSC NK RussNeft

Legal address: Russia Moscow
Information about the owners. According to the company, as of November 2016, 60% of the shares belong to Mikhail Gutseriev and his family, 25% to the Swiss trader Glencore and 15% are in free float, traded on the MICEX.
Capitalization -$2.5 billion as of November 25, 2016 (MICEX).

RussNeft is the only oil company in Russia, which was established in 2002, having nothing to do with privatization, but by consolidating the assets of a number of small enterprises. From 2006 to 2010, she was persecuted by the FAS. In November 2016, she held an IPO on the Moscow Exchange, placing a 20% stake, and raised about $500 million. Orenburg region, Azerbaijan, in Western Siberia (total 123 licenses).

7. PJSC Novatek

Legal address: Russia Moscow
Information about the owners. The founder of the company, Leonid Mikhelson, owns a 24.8% stake, 23.5% - oil trader Gennady Timchenko, Gazprom - 10%, 15% - Total E&P Arctic Russia.
Capitalization -$28 billion as of April 22, 2016 (LSE).

The company has 36 licenses for gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and is among the 5 largest companies in the world in terms of gas reserves. Currently, he is implementing a global project for the construction of a plant for the production of liquefied gas, from where it will be sent to China, Korea, and Japan. A cargo port is also being built there. About 22 thousand builders and 3.6 thousand units of equipment are employed in the construction of the complex.

In 2015, almost all the largest oil companies in Russia showed a decrease in net profit. Exceptions: Gazprom and Novatek: they have grown many times over.