How to make biohumus at home. Biohumus with your own hands at home Multi-tiered plant for the industrial production of biohumus

Modern people prefer to buy organic vegetables grown on the basis of biohumus. This is a very valuable technology that allows you to save human health. In addition, this is one of the most promising and profitable directions activities for start-up entrepreneurs. We will talk about how to open humus production at home in this article.

What is biohumus for?

Almost all fields in our country are polluted with pesticides and various mineral fertilizers. Farmers constantly complain that crop yields are declining every year and, consequently, profits are declining. Pests and all kinds of diseases destroy plants right on the vine.

Biohumus is an organic fertilizer that has unique properties. Of course, this is not a panacea that can solve all problems, but nevertheless, such a drug provides real help. Nowadays, it is widely used in agriculture instead of chemical fertilizers for growing organic vegetables.

Business Features

It is most convenient for those people who breed cattle to engage in the production of biohumus at home. In this case, the entrepreneur does not have to purchase raw materials. For the production of this organic fertilizer, California red worms are most often used. They live 4 times longer than ordinary earthworms and reproduce much more actively. You can buy these amazing worms online. They are easily delivered to any region of our country. Before doing this, you need to make detailed business biohumus production plan. This will help you plan all the stages of the activity correctly and organize the work correctly.

Technological process

Now let's figure out how to start the production of biohumus. First of all, you need to prepare the substrate and purchase worms. This matter should be approached very responsibly. Usually worms are purchased in specialized vermifarms. The genetic population must contain at least 1500 individuals, among which will be both young worms and cocoons. Before buying vermicompost worms, prepare a place for them. To do this, you can use compost heaps or ordinary wooden boxes. Also, read about at home.

Scheme: Biohumus production

The traditional biohumus production technology consists of four stages:

1. Preparation of nutrient substrate. Bird droppings and large manure are used as compost. cattle. To improve its quality, you can add vegetable leaves, food waste, as well as a mixture of peat and lime at the rate of 20 kg per 1 ton of substrate;
2. Bookmark of worms. This stage requires careful preparation and attention. For 1 sq. meter of compost lay 750-1500 worms. They are evenly distributed over the entire surface along with the nutrient substrate. Since the worms do not like bright light, the pile must be covered with a dark material that does not allow air to pass through;
3. Top dressing. Beds with worms should be periodically loosened and watered, because they are very sensitive to a decrease in moisture. Watering is carried out with settled water, the temperature of which is 20–24 degrees. The compost box is divided into three zones. The top layer is food for the worms. It should be supplemented periodically to provide them with nutrition;
4. Sample of biohumus and worms. After the density of worms in the nutrient substrate begins to exceed the allowable limits, it becomes necessary to sample them. First, the worms are kept hungry for several days, after which a layer of food is applied on which they move. After 2-3 days, it is removed along with the worms. The procedure is repeated 3 more times within 3 weeks. The remaining biohumus is collected with a scoop, dried a little and packaged for storage.

WITH home production biohumus, you can get a stable high profit if you find sales channels in advance finished products.

Equipment

To produce organic fertilizers in larger volumes, it is necessary to purchase special equipment for biohumus production. You will need composters and a mechanical sieve to sift the finished fertilizer. In addition, you need to buy scales and a special packing device.

It should be noted that the price of biohumus production equipment largely depends on the type of construction. Approximately you will have to spend from 50 to 125 thousand rubles. A sieve and scales will cost you 30-40 thousand rubles. You also need to purchase working equipment - shovels, carts, instruments for measuring acidity and soil temperature. You will spend another 30-40 thousand rubles for this.

Sales

Before you draw up a biohumus business plan, you need to find reliable distribution channels. The success of your business largely depends on this.

Pure biohumus is sold in bags of different sizes. In addition, you can also sell worms. They are bought by poultry farms, fishermen, pet stores, as well as manufacturers of organic fertilizers.

The main consumers of biohumus are the owners of personal plots, farms and flower nurseries. Large quantities of fertilizers are purchased by wholesalers for their further resale. Since the cost of biohumus is quite affordable, this product is used in great demand. With its implementation usually there are no special problems.

Financial calculations

You will have to spend 150-500 thousand rubles for the purchase of equipment and worms. In addition, you need to take into account the constant payments - wages to workers, raw materials, utility bills.

Now let's talk about income. To calculate them, you need to find out how much biohumus costs. One kilogram of organic fertilizers is sold for 10-15 rubles. If you produce about 15 tons of biohumus per year, net income will be 150-200 thousand rubles. To increase profits, you can mix pure vermicompost with other substrates. The initial investment pays off in 1.5–2 years. The profitability of the enterprise in this case reaches 150-170%. In the future, income will only grow.

biohumus production

• Before you start the production of vermicompost as a business, you should familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this area of ​​activity;
• First of all, it should be remembered that rats, moles and other rodents feed on earthworms. Therefore, containers with worms should be placed in a room with hard floors and impenetrable walls;
• In addition, you should consider how you will store and also transport semi-liquid fertilizers. As a rule, tractor trailers are used for this. In addition, you should take care of the packaging. Basically, such products are purchased in small batches, so appropriate packaging is required.

conclusions

Experts believe that the production of vermicompost by worms is a fairly promising and profitable line of business. Of course, in 2-3 years it will not make you a millionaire, but despite this, you can make a good profit from the sale of vermicompost. To succeed in this area, you need to constantly look for new wholesale buyers. This will help you get a positive result.

Humus is an organic component of the soil, which contains many nutrients. Gardeners use it as a fertilizer and easily make their own.

We will tell you more about how to make humus with your own hands in the article.

Humus is formed as a result of the natural decomposition of organic matter and is. The index of soil fertility depends on its quantity (usually it does not exceed 15% and gradually decreases as it deepens). Most of the humus is found in the black soil.

Biohumus is a product of processing compost or manure by worms, and it is this that can be made at home. It is a unique microbiological fertilizer due to a number of advantages:

• Increases productivity;
• Improves the taste of products;
• Restores the fertile soil layer;
• Strengthens the immunity of plants and increases their resistance to adverse factors.

Composition of humus

The composition of humus includes a large amount of humic acids. As well as fulvic acids and humins, which gives it high agrochemical performance. All its components are in a form available to plants and have a balanced composition.

The production of biohumus must begin with the manufacture of a compost heap. For these purposes, you can use manure, weeds and any other organic matter. All this organic matter is preliminarily piled up, well spilled with water, and left for a while.

If everything goes as it should, then in a few days the pile will “catch fire” (i.e., an active process of decay will begin). After that, it needs to be mixed several times. This technique allows you to destroy the seeds of weeds. Also at this point it is very important to monitor the humidity. It should be at a high enough level.

After about a week, the mass will be ready and it can be put into a box measuring 1m × 0.5m × 0.3m. It can be made from boards or any other suitable material.

Attention! California worms cannot survive the winter, so they need a warm, frost-free room for their wintering.
To preserve the breeding stock of expensive Californian worms, they are placed in boxes before a steady cold snap and covered with humus until spring.

It is better to place the container with the material for fermentation somewhere in a secluded place, in a far corner in the country. It is worth considering that obtaining biohumus is fraught with an unpleasant odor, and not too much.

How to determine the readiness of biohumus

Ready biohumus for planting

High-quality ready-made biohumus is pleasant, velvety to the touch and always of a uniform dark color.

The degree of readiness is determined by its appearance: if fragments of unprocessed organics are visible in it, then the fertilizer is not yet ready. If the organic mass is homogeneous, granular, saturated black, then it is ready for use. Also, a sign of readiness can be the crawling of worms from the box in search of food.

After the worms process the organic matter and leave the box, start collecting biohumus. If you plan to use the fertilizer immediately, then you can do without pre-treatment. If you store biohumus for the future, you need to dry it.

After watching the video, you will learn about the methods of making vermicompost in production conditions.

Of course, you can buy ready-made vermicompost and not waste time and effort on its manufacture. At the same time, it is worth remembering that biohumus is an expensive fertilizer, and it is not sold in large volumes. Therefore, if you are offered to ship a whole trailer, you can be sure that this is a falsification. If you want to be sure about the quality of the fertilizer, then our instructions are for you!

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Earthworms are the main reproducers of soil fertility! Their ecological value!

Earthworms are the most ancient inhabitants of the earth, whose activities have created and are creating soils.

They are the main orderlies of the earth, the guarantors of the health and well-being of all living on it. They feed on dead decaying plant tissues that enter the soil in the form of litter, root and crop residues.

Today we will talk about the ecological significance of worms, about what role they play on earth, about how and why to breed them on your site. And also, as promised, I will share my experience in the production of vermicompost at home with the help of worms. It will be interesting, and most importantly, after reading to the end, you will learn a lot of useful information! ...

Why are earthworms needed?

Earthworms are the main consumers of dead plant debris. The biomass of worms is 50 - 72% of the total biomass of the soil. Absorbing together with the soil a huge amount of plant detritus (decaying dead plant tissues), microbes, fungi, algae, protozoan nematodes, etc., they digest them.

At the same time, worms excrete with feces a large amount of their own intestinal microflora, enzymes, vitamins, biologically active substances that have antibiotic properties and prevent the development of pathogenic (pathogenic) microflora, putrefactive processes, the release of fetid gases, disinfect the soil and give it a pleasant smell of the earth.

In the process of digestion of plant residues, humus substances are formed in the digestive canal of worms. They differ in chemical composition from humus formed in the soil with the participation of only microflora.

In the digestive tube of worms, the processes of polymerization of low-molecular decomposition products of organic substances develop and molecules of humic acids are formed, which form complex compounds with the mineral components of the soil (lithium, potassium, sodium humates - soluble humus, calcium, magnesium, and other metal humates - insoluble humus) and for a long time are stored in the soil in the form of stable aggregates (water-intensive, water-resistant, hydrophilic and mechanically strong).

Therefore, the activity of worms slows down the leaching of mobile nutrients from the soil and prevents the development of water and wind erosion. Coproligs of worms of natural populations contain 11...15% of humus per dry matter.

Worms also have another specific feature that is very useful for agriculture. It is connected with their unique ability to improve and structure the soil.

During the summer period, a population of 50 worms in the arable layer of soil per 1 m2 lays a kilometer of passages and releases coprolites on the surface with a layer of 3 mm. Even more of them remain in the thickness of the soil.

Each worm passes through the digestive canal per day the amount of soil equal to the mass of its body. If the average weight of a worm is 0.5 g, then with their number of 50 individuals per 1 m2 (500,000 per 1 ha), they process 250 kg of soil per day on an area of ​​1 ha.

In the middle lane, the active activity of worms continues 200 days a year. Consequently, during the season they can process 50 tons of soil per hectare, providing it with humus.

A fundamental question is: what modern technical means is it possible to accomplish a gigantic fruitful work on structuring and humusing the soil in a year? While there are no such forces and means!

And no one and nothing can compare with worms in their beneficial activity. It is their activity that once significant black soils of Russia were created - its pride and wealth!

From what has been said, it is clear that the most obvious sign of the health of the soil, its high fertility is the presence of earthworms in it. The more of them in the soil, the more functionally healthy it is. This should be recognized and adopted "in service" in the interests of the reproduction of soil fertility by all farmers!

How to start breeding worms in the garden?

Now many breed worms to obtain biohumus and even do business on worms. But we do not make money on this, and so modestly, but in order to save on biohumus (purchased), we decided to try to breed worms, and to increase their number in the country. Growing worms at home is quite within the power of every gardener. What do you need to grow worms? And which worms should be bred?

Red compost worms (hey-ze-niya foetida) are better suited for de-ve-de-nia, some of which can always be dug up in a loo-pe-rep-roaring compost heap. They differ from other types of worms in their dark brown color with alternating dark and light transverse stripes.

If there are no or too few worms on the plot, then this does not matter, they can be dug up in the forest or, in extreme cases, purchased in fishing shop. I want to say right away why we took our own for breeding, and did not buy the popular "prospectors" or "Californians".

Firstly, it costs money, and secondly, we have heard about deception about their fertility, such as 1,500 of them come from one per year! Nothing like this! The fertility of our worms suits us quite well.

Compost worms are no worse if they create excellent conditions! For a year, 450-500 pieces are produced from one, and they are more adapted to our soils. Quite unpretentious.

And it all started with the fact that, like many summer residents, I also purchased biohumus in garden stores. And that only I did not come across in it! All sorts of things that are there, in principle, should not be! And once, because of the purchased biohumus, all the seedlings disappeared ...

Biohumus is easy!

I realized that the quality of the purchased biohumus is in question. And I thought somehow, if only I could learn how to get my own! And a year ago, having studied this issue thoroughly, I decided to try it.

Moreover, we never throw away kitchen waste - we put everything in compost. And there are a lot of them in our family of four. As a result of the experiment, without straining, we received 160 kg of pure excellent fertilizer, which we successfully used as a top dressing and for growing seedlings already in the spring of this year!

And it all started with the fact that in the fall I collected worms from the compost heap to the bottom of the bucket. I did not count them individually, but the bottom of the bucket was covered with a 3 cm layer of worms. Then, I collected half a bucket of compost from there, the same in which these worms lived.

In the apartment, I decided to take a warm and humid place for the worms - the bathroom. In a regular cardboard box, which I pre-glued with adhesive tape so that it would not crumble at the most inopportune moment, I poured half a bucket of compost, then worms, and on top another layer of compost.

Now it was necessary to give them food, so that the worms would not even have time to come to their senses from the fact that the move had taken place. I cut vegetable peels finely with scissors or, if there is no time to mess around, I twist them in a meat grinder.

With a layer of 1 cm, I put the feeding in the box and carefully moisten the contents from the sprayer. Then I cover with toilet paper double layer and I also wet it with water.

All! I leave them for a couple of weeks, spraying paper as they dry. You can sprinkle feeding with compost to avoid the appearance of midges. But cover with paper on top - it shows the level of humidity and protects from light.

There is no bad smell! Because worms produce certain substances that serve as a kind of deodorant. And the finished vermicompost smells so pleasantly of the earth.

Conditions for keeping compost worms!

Conditions must be ideal, and what does that mean?

1. Optimal conditions for the life of worms - temp-pe-ra-tu-ra 18-26 °,
2. Humidity 60-70% (re-gu-lyar-but po-li-va-yut) and
3. The reaction of the environment is pH 5.8-7.5.

Humidity is considered to-s-ta-precise, if you squeeze 1-2 drops from a lump in your hand moisture.

Keep the humidity stable, when the soil dries up, they will quickly die ... I took the water settled for a day, they will also die immediately from bleach.

Why in a box? Because cardboard "breathes", organically. If the bottom gets wet over time, then I just put the box with worms in another slightly larger box.

What to feed the worms? Almost all plant origin. I do not give animal waste to them, so that there is no unpleasant smell. Potato peels, watermelon and melon peels, squash, banana, and anything (citrus fruits are undesirable a lot - acidify the substrate), the main thing to remember is that worms have no teeth! Therefore, they pre-grind their food.

How often to feed the worms?

At first, almost every day I looked under the paper, to see if they had eaten it or not ... But it’s easier to look at the paper itself (later I realized this), as soon as holes appear on it, both corroded, and feed. Just put fresh food on top and cover with paper. The key is to not overdo it...

For a couple of months (September-October) the box was filled to the top. By the way, worms are such unique animals that stop breeding when their number goes off scale! Therefore, it's time to disassemble the box.

Cultivation of an earthworm in apartment conditions!

It happened like this: week I didn't feed them to make the worms hungry. And then she poured sweet food into one part of the box - these are banana peels, apple peels, and so on, but not much. After a couple of days, hungry worms crawled to the surface to eat, and I easily collected them together with the top layer and transplanted them into another such box. Everything is like at the very beginning, only in a different box.

And in full poured a little more sweet food and lured out the second part of the worms, the younger one. I did the same with them as I did with the first batch.

And for the third time she poured feed in order to lure out the young, which had already grown a little.

Further, from the first box, it remains only to lay out the vermicompost - yes, yes, yes, pure vermicompost remained in the box, but moist enough. I dried it for a couple of days on lined thick paper. And then she sifted through a rare sieve and laid it out in bags, put it under the bath until spring.

This way I got three boxes of worms, which were successfully filled for another couple of months (November-December)! After the New Year, I did the same with these three boxes and, as a result, by spring (March) I received 4 boxes of 40 kg each of pure biohumus + 9 boxes of newly laid worms (for March-April)!

Next, it's time to open holiday season- spring came! And all these 9 boxes already full went to the dacha for the May holidays! The result, I think, is excellent! The worms gave a good offspring of live weight and a lot of valuable fertilizer! And then what happened?

And then I kept them there for two weeks with hunger! Not because I am angry and cruel, but because the soil has not yet warmed up! That's when I warmed up by June, I finally fed them like that! ... I created a wormhole in the garden! How is it, you ask?

Everything is simple! She took a piece of land 3 sq. meters - the worst land. The place is in the shade, nothing grew there except weeds ... But it was planned to ennoble this nook in the future. So it has come - this is the future, I myself did not expect that it was the worms that would now "grow" there.

In general, we fenced this place - a wormhole with boards in the form of a box. And they poured the contents of the boxes into one corner, the height reached 30-40 cm, slightly leveled it, and now in the opposite part (the one in front is empty) they put yummy with a layer of 30-40 cm.

The length of such a pile gradually increased and cultivation continued in this way all summer. That is, we threw food to them from one side, the worms gradually crawled there, leaving behind pure vermicompost.

By autumn, I had a ready-made bed! But what about worms?

And I partially move the worms to other ridges, and leave a part in this ridge. Naturally, I fill the beds with rabbit manure, and mulch on top in the fall. That is, I do not keep the beds open - they are always covered with something. At zero temperature, under natural conditions, worms fall asleep until spring, and in the spring, waking up, they will have something to eat, I always take care of this!

From the compost heap, I again took a small batch of new worms into the apartment this fall and the familiar process began! Even this matter is fascinating, not at all troublesome, the main thing is to put yourself in the place of a worm and think, would I like it here? Would such conditions suit me? Would I like to live like this?

And if so it means everything is done correctly - the worms feel comfortable, multiply and provide valuable fertilizer from free waste, which most people simply take to a landfill!

Here's what else I do in the winter, now you know it ... I hope you find this information useful, maybe someone will want to use it, good luck! If you have any questions - ask in the comments below. All the best and see you soon!

This idea is a kind of continuation of the one started in the article about the sale of manure. I was selling cow dung compost until I decided to increase the profitability of my venture a little.

Here I will not talk about what an excellent fertilizer biohumus is and what a nutritious food Californian worms are. It is what it is.

A bag of compost in the city costs 50 rubles. A kilogram of biohumus is about 10 rubles. I carried 4 bags of compost with me in the trunk from the village to the city and fought off money for gasoline. Now, if I sold 4 bags of biohumus, then I received 1000 rubles. clean.

I purchased a mother culture of red California worm(Eusenia fetida). A thousand pieces cost 500 rubles, I bought two thousand. It is the Californian red worm, and not the usual earthworm - because, he does not go to bed for the winter, he eats (and therefore produces vermicompost) 10 times more.

According to vermicultivation technologies I prepared ordinary plastic boxes with a slatted bottom from vegetables and fruits. These boxes are conveniently stacked on top of each other. In the box, I poured a layer of rotten manure a few centimeters, then a layer of ordinary earth 1 cm thick. Every two weeks I added a new layer of manure and a new layer of earth. After 3 months, a whole box of biohumus was obtained, about 5 kg and an increased population of the worm. When the biohumus was ready, I put a new one with a nutrient medium on top of the old box, the worms crawled up.

With such vermicomposting technologies a lot of trouble. You need a large number of boxes, a separate room. In addition to regular pouring of manure and earth, if you also need to get a good harvest of worms, then the compost must be loosened once a week - the worms need air. Moreover, not all the worms crawled into the upper box. However, this is the most productive way, if you do business on biohumus, then only in this way.

It was much easier to make compost heaps from boards right on the ground. Heaps were filled with 1 m3 of manure and worms were launched into it. For 6 months they did their job there, and then I separated the worms from the biohumus. He spread a piece of linoleum, poured a bunch of biohumus on it. The worm does not like bright light, wind and dryness, so it slowly crawled down the pile. I only had to remove the top of the pile every 30 minutes, until the worms appeared, until, finally, a ball of worms remained on the linoleum. However special work it was worth making sure that the worms did not spread over the linoleum. The disadvantage of this method is that biohumus is not completely clean (not fully processed). In winter, worms in a heap died from Russian frosts.

I recomposted the entire dung heap of about 10 tons in 2 years without much effort. Money, unfortunately, could not be counted, and large volume biohumus was used in his household. Now I am not selling biohumus, because. I did all this, firstly, for the sake of the experiment, and secondly, for the sake of freeing the backyard from the waste products of my parents' cows.

Almost all worms die in the winter, so I keep a reserve supply of worms in the house during the winter, and every year I start almost from scratch. No matter what they say about their unpretentiousness, but by themselves they will not live and work for our benefit, it is necessary to create conditions. Especially if we want to get a crop not only from biohumus, but also from worms.

I fed the worms to my poultry, which made the latter incredibly happy. Now all the manure and droppings on our farm are composted with the help of these worms in one big pile. Every spring I launch backup worms from home into a common heap. By autumn, their population increases in a heap, almost all of them die during the winter. Composting goes fast, the heap does not grow. Biohumus, due to the fact that it can be applied without restrictions, is used everywhere in its own economy.

The fertility of soils depends on the content of humus in them, in the formation of which soil animals and microorganisms take part. However, the widespread use of chemical pesticides and mineral fertilizers has its consequences. Such as reduced soil fertility, accumulation of heavy metals and toxic substances. As a result, soils become unsuitable for growing agricultural products. One of the solutions to the problem is the introduction of biohumus (vermicompost) into the soil, obtained by food processing of waste by earthworms of industrial lines.

The technology for obtaining this biofertilizer is simple and easily accessible. On this page we will provide you with text materials and videos on this issue. But first, let's look at the main stages of obtaining biofertilizer.

Worms selection and substrate preparation

Vermicomposting technology is practically waste-free. It is based on the natural ability of worms to process organic matter and soil, which in their body are chemically transformed, crushed, and enriched with useful substances. For production on a large scale, this process is carried out in special vermifactories. However, the simplicity of the technology makes it possible to establish production in small quantities at home or in the country.

The main condition for obtaining biohumus is worms, among which Californian and their domestic counterpart, the Staratel hybrid, are popular. Californians are distinguished by gluttony, omnivorousness, the ability to multiply rapidly, but they do not tolerate frost well and must winter in warmth. While "Prospector" continues humus formation even at low temperatures. In order to save money, you can accumulate ordinary earthworms, while the technology will not lose efficiency.

As noted in many educational videos and informational articles, organic waste is used to obtain vermicompost:

• manure;
• leaf litter;
• branches;
• hay;
• straw;
• leftover food;
• feces.

First, prepare the substrate for the production of fertilizer. A collar is formed from the waste, moistened, additional soil, sawdust, sand are added, and left to rot. Fresh manure and chicken manure are toxic to worms due to their content of urea, uric acid and ammonia, so they are composted together with straw (hay) in a ratio of 1:2. To speed up the process of decay of organic matter, you can use special biological products - Tamir, Baikal-Em, Bioyodis, which will improve the quality of biohumus.

Release and feeding

When the composting process is completed, worms can be introduced. But before starting, it will be useful to watch a video on this topic. For convenience, the substrate is placed in any containers, boxes or baskets made of natural, harmless material, such as wood.

How to make biohumus

If necessary, drill holes in them for sufficient aeration and water drainage. It will be convenient to transfer such containers to a warm room for a period of cold weather to continue the process of biofertilizer production.

Use damp bedding of hay, straw, or shredded paper to provide additional ventilation. The technology involves filling the box with bedding by three quarters, after which compost is added. Then holes are made on the surface of the mixture and the worms are released. They wait until the worms completely hide in the substrate, cover the box with straw and leave it in a ventilated place.

The recommended population density of worms is 2000 zkz/m2. For their growth and improvement of nutrition, it is necessary to periodically add fresh waste. One of the most important conditions for obtaining biohumus is the constant moistening of the processed mixture.

The vermicomposting process lasts from 1 to 3 months depending on the type of waste used. In the end, a free-flowing mass consisting of small granules of brown or black color is obtained, with the smell of black soil, which is an organic fertilizer.

Separation of worms from fertilizer

1. Two methods are used to separate worms from biohumus. They are quite simple, but if necessary, you need to turn to videos or other training materials. Most often, this is sifting a small amount of the mixture through a regular sieve. When shaking the sieve, the humus is separated from the substrate with worms and falls down. All that remains in the sieve is transferred to another box and then the technology is repeated.
2. The second way to extract vermicompost is that the worms do not pour food for a long time (3-4 days). As a result, they become hungry, and it is only necessary to apply a layer of fresh waste (5 cm) to the entire surface of the substrate. The layer is removed after two days and, together with the worms in it, is transferred to a new place. If dead individuals are found among them, then they can be used to feed chickens, pigs and other domestic animals. For the winter, the containers are transferred to a warm room, under such conditions, the process of obtaining vermicompost continues.

The result of applying vermicompost

Biofertilizer production is not only an environmentally and economically viable method of increasing soil productivity, but also a safe way to dispose of organic waste. The use of biohumus provides a stable increase in soil fertility. At the same time, along with an increase in the yield of agricultural products, the cost of expensive chemical pesticides is reduced. This allows us to make agricultural production practically waste-free, environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

In the early 2000s, at the suggestion of the Kovrov company NPO Green-Peak, the idea of ​​biohumus production as a business with huge profitability and small start-up capital began to spread throughout Russia.

What is biohumus?

Organic fertilizer produced by earthworms.

Already this innovative definition guaranteed the interest of summer residents, gardeners, farmers, and other enterprising citizens.

300% profitability! Business from scratch! Guaranteed sale! Hundreds of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs could not help but rush to this.

But 10 years have passed since the first success of Green-Peak. Biohumus production technology, earthworms, called "technological", biohumus itself and water preparations based on it - this is an incomplete list of its products.

During this time, the company has trained more than 600 entrepreneurs and individuals in this technology. The price of technology has increased 10 times compared to 2002. Training costs money, but this does not stop those who want to receive the proud title of "vermicultivation specialist".

But is everything as smooth as the leaders of Green Peak promise in the face of CEO Konin Sergei Stepanovich?

Of particular interest is the business plan for the production of biohumus, posted on the official website of the company.

It is with him that we will begin to identify myths and discover the reality of biohumus production in Russia.

Mythical profitability of biohumus production

If you look at the website of NPO Green-Peak, then your eyes may catch the Technological and economic calculation for the production of biohumus per 1000 m² of heated area.
At the end of this document, you will see startling numbers.
They promise you that after a year of work you will have 3 million rubles worth of finished products, and the costs will not exceed 500 thousand rubles.

This is taking into account the fact that you will heat 1000 m² of premises, re-equip, pay wages to workers. And spend another half of this amount on the purchase of a worm.

250 tons of biohumus produced, which you will sell for 12 rubles. per kg, will pay back all your costs and allow you to make a profit of 2.5 million rubles.

How is profitability calculated?

This is the ratio of the amount of profit to the amount of costs for the production and marketing of products. How many rubles of profit we will receive from each ruble of our costs for production and commercial expenses.

In this case, we get about 5 rubles per 1 ruble invested. And this is from the realm of fantasy. This already looks more like a scam than a real and serious business plan.

Is it all that important?

Is production up to date?

It makes no sense to say that the production of organic fertilizers in our country is the right and necessary type of activity.
Our fields are depleted and polluted with mineral fertilizers and pesticides. The yield drops every year.

Even summer residents and gardeners complain that nothing is growing, that the crops are no longer the same, but diseases and pests are destroying everything in the bud.

In this situation, vermicompost, as a natural organic fertilizer with unique properties, as well as water preparations based on it, can really help.

But this is not a panacea. This is only part of the package of measures.

But enterprising businessmen appeared who sell a fairy tale, a dream. But in fact, they only make money, creating the illusion of solving all problems.

"Open your own business, and get 5 rubles from every ruble invested."

"Tomatoes do not grow - a rash of 200 grams of humus in the hole."

“Pests have appeared - water extracts from biohumus will not only protect plants, but also increase productivity.”

Buy, use, experiment. But do not count on instant stunning results. Do not count on millions in profits that are not secured by strict calculations.

Myth No. 1. Is it realistic to produce 250 tons of humus per 1000 m2 per year?

Basically, it's real. And even more. But the essence of the matter is different. Can this be done in the first year of operation? This is assuming you need:

1. Prepare raw materials for the preparation of a nutrient substrate. It should be rotted manure with a six-month exposure.

2. Prepare a room for the settlement of worms.

In a rented or purchased barn, this is just:

• pour the floor with concrete so that there is a flat surface for the ridges;
• lay bricks on the windows so that heat does not blow out in winter;
• make the false ceiling as low as possible, for the same reason;
• access roads, repair of internal premises, division of the premises into working areas for drying raw biohumus, crushing dry humus, packaging;
• prepare storage areas where you will store it until spring.

Yes. Only…

3. Bring and populate the worms in the ridges.

And this is provided that you already have working water supply and heating systems. You can imagine how much work.

One year from production process you throw out. Let six months. Six months remain for the worm to populate the ridges, and the start of the production process.

If out of 1000 m² only 400 m² are allocated for ridges, then when a million individuals are settled in six months, you will receive only 100 tons of humus. And then, it will be humus in the ridges.

It will still need to be dried, which is impossible without underfloor heating and passed through a crusher. Are you going to pack it with pieces of land?

Iridescent vistas dissipate like a cloud.

Myth #2: Cost reality

How much should we invest there? 500 thousand rubles?

The actual numbers for the first year are:

- Acquisition of land and premises (barn) - 2-3 million rubles (the higher the price, the less to invest in repairs later).

- Carrying out repair work and re-equipment of the barn - at least a million rubles.

A lot of? Calculate the warm floors in the drying zone, suspended ceiling, arrangement of access roads for the possibility of truck arrivals, heating systems, water supply, pouring floors, dividing the common room into work areas. Maybe a million is enough.

– Purchase of 500 tons of manure for a year of work. His delivery.

Hence the consequence that production should be located either next to or in combination with a dairy farm, where manure is always in abundance.

- Worms. A million pieces is about 200 thousand rubles, not counting delivery.

- Inventory (wheelbarrows, shovels, buckets, thermometers, soil moisture meters, acidity).

– Equipment for packing, separation, crushing of humus.

– At least one tractor with blade and trailer. Or are you going to manually shovel 500 tons of manure?

- 6 workers for the production of humus and maintenance of equipment. Not to mention management staff. This is if you yourself will manage and engage in sales.

What? Did I hear? Someone spoke about 500 thousand rubles of production costs per year?

You just calculate the salary. Just half a million will come out.

Myth #3. Profitability 300%

Okay, let's not take investment costs into account.
But your expenses of 500 thousand rubles a year will not be in any way! It's just salary plus taxes on it.

But other? What about raw materials, what about heating, what about water?

The real costs of production activities amount to about one and a half - two million rubles a year. This is the real data of a similar production located in Rostov region. Even the volume and number of staff too.

The main item of expenditure, in addition to wages there is heating, raw materials, electricity. It is not so easy to create even 15 degrees of temperature in a room with an area of ​​1000 m2 in winter at minus 20 degrees outside.

Accordingly, with a production volume of 250 tons and a price of 10 rubles per kg, we will receive only 500 thousand rubles of profit.

The production of 400 tons of humus in the same area will not cost you much more.

Therefore, by producing 350-400 tons per year, which is quite realistic on an area of ​​400 m2 of ridges, we will receive goods worth 3.5-4 million rubles, at prices of 10 rubles per kg.

And this will already allow you, as an entrepreneur, to receive a good annual income. The profitability of products will be up to 100%, and this is very good. But the most important question lies ahead!

TO WHOM and FOR HOW MUCH to sell our biohumus?

Myth number 4. Reality of prices and sales

Everything can be taken into account production work fulfill, observe the technology to the smallest detail. But to whom to sell?

And it is necessary to return to the ground from the clouds and myths about unrealistic profitability and windfall profits.

But the reality is that biohumus is needed by hundreds of farmers, thousands of summer residents and gardeners throughout Russia. You need it like air, you might say. But not at the price that would give you super profitability.

In Moscow, a kilogram of humus in stores costs 25 rubles. The solvency of the residents of the capital allows them to buy several hundred kilograms per season for their dachas at this price.

In the regions, even 10 rubles per kg is too much high price which the majority cannot pay.

You can invest hundreds of thousands of rubles in packaging, advertising. Try to negotiate with wholesalers and supermarkets. Travel to all farms and greenhouses. But mass biohumus in Russia will not be sold and bought soon.

Summer residents, gardeners, gardeners, farmers, and even managers of greenhouses and nurseries are not ready to buy vermicompost.
They lack information about effectiveness. They don't know what it is. Technologies for growing various crops are not adapted to the use of biohumus.

Sales will be extremely difficult to organize.

What to do?

How to produce biohumus in Russia, and is it necessary to do this?

It is necessary, if only because it is a great way to rid the country of the millions of tons of organic waste that accumulates annually on farms and in subsidiary plots.

But how to do it?

In complex. This is one of the best options.

If you have a rabbit farm, then rabbit droppings can become food for worms.

The worms themselves are a great commodity to sell to fishermen. The remaining humus can be used in the backyard or packed in bags and tried to sell.

Read the article: “on breeding worms for fishing”

Start with neighbors, acquaintances. If there is demand, then we can think about expanding.

But owners and managers receive a special advantage. farms and collective farms, especially those who have at least some livestock of cattle.

By processing huge amounts of manure, which simply rots on farms and is not always used even to fertilize their own fields, farmers and collective farmers receive an invaluable fertilizer that works much more efficiently than manure.

But it is even more efficient and profitable to make water extracts from biohumus even at home. Their use for foliar feeding can not only reduce the damage to plants by pests, but also increase productivity.

At the same time, fertilizer costs are reduced significantly!

You don't have to pay for expensive chemicals. All own. Only cost. And it is 5 times lower than the cost of mineral fertilizers.

It turns out that economic efficiency farms can be multiplied by the introduction of technologies for the processing of organic waste by earthworms. And this is a matter of survival of all farming and Agriculture countries.

But it is not necessary to count on the fact that tomorrow, having started the production of biohumus, in 2-3 years you will become a millionaire. Do not blindly believe all the promises and publicity stunts.

Explore the market and look for wholesale buyers among farmers and greenhouse managers.

Your efforts will be crowned with success only if you understand the needs of customers. And if his only need is to reduce the cost of producing 1 kg of tomatoes, then why does he need you with your biohumus? After all, this is not a cheap product.

But if you can convince the manufacturer that the land restored with biohumus will require two to three times less chemical fertilizers, then you have a chance to succeed in such a business as the production of biohumus and liquid organic fertilizers based on it.

Good luck to your business!