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How to open a pig farm. How to open a pig farm from scratch: a detailed business plan

Many people who have a house and a plot in a rural area, sooner or later begin to think about getting some kind of stable income from the available area of land and buildings, start own business. As a rule, the first thing that comes to mind is pig farming. As a business, this direction has great prospects for development. High-quality pork is always in demand in the market and has a fairly high price level. The second reason for the increased popularity of pig breeding is the sufficient simplicity of the technological process - you only need to raise an animal and sell the resulting products. Let's try to understand all the subtleties in order to foresee possible difficulties in organizing profitable business breeding pigs.

General issues

If you are determined to consider pig farming as a business, you should initially realize the following point, you will have to radically restructure your routine, constantly pay attention to your farm, and regularly deal with financial and physical investments in your chosen occupation.

At the planning stage of opening a pig farm, try to realistically assess your ability to sell the pork produced. If you are planning to build a relatively small business on breeding and raising pigs, and you can sell all the products on your own at familiar and agricultural fairs, then it is enough to have your own farm. But in the case of a sufficiently large volume of pork production, more opportunities for the sale of meat and lard will provide the status individual entrepreneur. At the same time, you will have to pay taxes regularly and operate with a large number of permits, however, it will be possible to safely increase the pig farm to the desired livestock.

First of all, think over in detail the business plan according to which your pig-breeding enterprise will be formed and developed. It is entirely possible to start with a few sows and gradually build up to the desired number.

Provide for the use of your own breeding producers, initially opting for a specific breed. Of the two possible directions of development, the organization of pig farming should place the main emphasis on the production and marketing of meat. Support the breeding direction in raising pigs only for your own needs for the reproduction of livestock, since the sale of young animals to the population does not always pay off the investment.

In addition to selling the main pig products (lard and meat), find opportunities to sell by-products (skins, blood, etc.). A smokehouse can be a good help on the farm for the wider development of a pig farm - smoked meats are also used in great demand on the market and have a longer shelf life than fresh produce.

All of the above should be summarized in a single business plan for breeding pigs and raising them, and add there:

possible feed purchase markets;
organization and maintenance costs life cycle pig farms;
identification and minimization of all risks in pig production;
the possibility of attracting specialists from veterinarians and livestock specialists.

Required documents

The business of raising pigs is a serious and responsible step, which implies that the entrepreneur has in his hands a complete package of documents regulating and authorizing activities. The main question at the same time: how to open a pig farm - baffles most people. However, not everything is as scary as it often seems.

To obtain documents, decide on the choice of a specific area in which your activities will take place and the pig farm will develop, since it is in that region that you will have to communicate with officials. Initially, coordinate with the administration of the selected area the possibility of organizing pig breeding on their territory and the specific location of the future pig farm. Already at this stage, it is desirable to have a business plan to show the seriousness of your intentions, as well as your own competence in the selected project.

It is no secret that most often officials positively consider questions about the formation of new jobs, which, of course, will appear after the start of a new business and the construction of a pig farm. In this case, the administration provides the entrepreneur with everything possible options opening a pig farm and registration of a land plot. It is also possible that an assistant will be allocated for you in the preparation of all papers: from documents registering the enterprise and your activities, to assistance in obtaining possible government investments for the development of a pig farm.

Premises and equipment

Having received all the necessary permits for doing business, you should pay maximum attention to the premises, its construction or preparation for settling with pigs. You can be allocated an old premises, which should be reconstructed and equipped for the needs of your own pig farm. Building a pigsty from scratch will cost a little more, but in this case you will be able to build the required communications in accordance with the business plan.

Organization of a pig farm for 100 or more heads involves hiring people who will take care of the animals. Therefore, when drawing up a scheme for the premises of a pig-breeding complex, lay in the plan the allocation of office, household, industrial and utility rooms, laboratories and more. For a herd of 300 heads, the optimal area of all premises is about 5000 m².

The premises of the pig farm must meet the requirements of sanitation, be clean, bright, special attention should be paid to the destruction of drafts.

Also pay special attention to the installation of equipment and equipment of the pig farm. The cost of acquiring the latest equipment will pay off very quickly, because it will create optimal conditions for growing each pig and reduce the cost of doing business to a minimum.

Most of the Russian pig farms are equipped with equipment that has already worked out its useful life and is obsolete. Often its age exceeds 20 years, much is out of order. And this leads to direct losses: increased morbidity of pigs, waste of feed, and so on.

At modern approach to the organization of rearing piglets and pigs as a business, it implies almost complete automation of the life support process of a pig farm. This should be striven for.

Breed selection

Today in the world there are more than a hundred breeds of pigs of different productivity directions. Therefore, before purchasing livestock for the future herd, carefully consider and decide on the choice of the breed that will become the predominant or the only basis for the pig breeding of your livestock farm or individual entrepreneur.

Experts who have already passed the path of starting and developing their own pig farm business recommend purchasing up to 350-400 heads of pigs and piglets to start. Of these, approximately 2 boars and 15 sows. Buy the rest of the piglets for fattening and subsequent sale, so that the business generates income from the very beginning. The pig farm business plan should provide for this possibility, however, if there is not enough finance for a one-time purchase of a large number of individuals, you can start with a mini-enterprise, developing at the expense of your own producers.

Even before acquiring breeding individuals, it is advisable to visit several farms engaged in pig breeding, take a closer look at the proposed young stock, study pedigrees in several generations, and find out all the features of a particular individual:

First, as a result of this study, you will be able to avoid closely related mating of animals;
Secondly, productive qualities are inherited, and you will get a good offspring only from highly productive and healthy pigs;
Thirdly, by buying pigs for a tribe, you are making an investment in your business for several years to come, and how your investment will pay off depends on which animals you choose.

Recently, Russian farmers often choose to do business on breeding and fattening Vietnamese pigs, laying highly productive breeds at the heart of a business plan. Indeed, these animals have necessary qualities to get into luck and profitable business- plan of the pig farm:

sow fertility,
high profitability of growing pigs of this breed,
bacon performance direction,
popularity among amateurs, which contributes to good sales of meat products and young animals and high profitability of the business,
disease resistance.

Breeding Vietnamese bellied herbivorous pigs as a business can bring good profits, provided that they are created for these animals necessary conditions(warm pigsty and spacious range).

Only well-balanced feeds and feed mixtures, of high quality and formulated in the right ratio for each specific age group animals, lead to stable high income and the prosperity of your business.

Follow the same principle in the process of breeding and reproduction of the herd. Activities in this direction need to be carried out on high level constantly, systematically and purposefully. To work with sows and newborn piglets, select responsible and familiar with all the nuances of personnel. It is also advisable to involve a livestock specialist for work.

It is specialists who have the necessary experience and knowledge in the field of pig breeding who will help to avoid mistakes when choosing the time for mating pigs, caring for sows during pregnancy, and assisting animals during childbirth. And this will reduce the mortality of young animals - which means it will increase the profitability of the business.

Financial rationale for the business plan

In order to calculate the profitability of pig breeding, we will assume that the livestock will be 350-400 individuals. For this amount, it will be necessary to prepare about 30-35 tons of grain and 250-300 kg of various additives for a year, a staff of 4-5 people will be required. To reduce the cost of feed, you can use your own sowing plots for growing crops, root crops, potatoes and other additives. The receipt and registration of such plots should be initially provided in the business plan for the development of the pig farm.

Composing detailed business plan pig farms and calculating the financial costs necessary to start the enterprise, we will assume that from 15 sows of this herd you can get an average of 150 piglets per farrow. Surveys are conducted twice a year, which gives approximately 300 finishing piglets per year. Growing them up to a live weight of 100 kg, we will spend up to one year on fattening, depending on the conditions and breed. In this case, the net yield of products is 50-60 kg. We multiply this figure by the number of piglets grown and by the market value of 1 kg of pork, we get the income of our business. On average, it is about 3,150,000 rubles a year.

From the amount received, subtract the expenditure part (the cost of feed, utilities, wages of workers, transportation costs, etc.) - we get the amount, which means net profit enterprises. Approximately it is about 1 million rubles a year. With such a profit, the business will pay for itself within 2.5-3 years, and then it will begin to generate a very significant income.

Of course, every pig breeder who decides to build his own business for fattening and breeding artiodactyls must independently make the above calculations, taking into account the characteristics and prices of the region in which he will establish a pig farm. Having received concrete figures, it is much easier to answer the burning question: is it profitable and should it be engaged in pig farming.

Today, the farming business is actively expanding and gaining popularity. At proper organization The business brings a stable income and has great development prospects. On this moment there is not yet much competition in this business area. The only thing that can deter businessmen from investing is the long wait for profit. But from the experience of successful farmers, one can understand that the costs of developing such a business are justified. The main thing that is needed is to have the skills and professional knowledge in area Agriculture.

Pig farm as a business

Pig production is usually sufficient profitable business, as high-quality meat on the market is always in demand and a high margin. Simplicity technological processes such business attracts entrepreneurs. The whole point is to raise animals and sell them.

At the stage of creating a business such as a pig farm, a plan for the sale of meat must be thought out in advance. It all depends on the scale of the enterprise. If you plan to create a small pig farm, then implement finished product you can on your own. In the case of large production, it is necessary to find a place of sale, large distributors in advance, pay taxes regularly and provide a large package of documents for obtaining permits. The advantage of such a business is that you can start your business with just a few pigs and constantly increase momentum.

Pig farms and complexes can generate income not only from the main products (meat and lard), but also from the sale of blood, skins, etc. For wider development, you can create an oil lamp. Smoked products have a longer shelf life and good demand from consumers.

Basic rules for opening a pig farm:

find a market for the purchase of feed;
calculate the costs of opening a business and maintaining a pig farm;
calculate all possible risks, ways to solve problems;
involve veterinarians or livestock specialists in the case.

Profitability of the farming business

Pigs are familiar in agriculture and extremely practical animals in farm business. There are several arguments in favor of doing this type of business:

The piglets are growing fast. For six months, the weight of the livestock increases to a centner.
A sow produces 10-14 piglets at a time. For the year you can get 20-30 pieces. livestock (but a cow has only one calf per year).
A pig uses feed much more productively (assimilates about 30%), while, for example, chickens absorb only 20% of the feed.

Required documents for starting a business

Most businessmen at the initial stage have a question: "How to open pig farms and complexes, what documents need to be issued?" Making money on pigs is a difficult and responsible business, where you need to have a full package of permits for activities on hand.

First you need to decide in which area the pig farm will be located, since it is in this area that communication with officials will take place. It is necessary to coordinate the location of the future farm with the district administration. To prove to officials the seriousness of intentions, it is necessary to have on hand ready business plan. In most cases, the administration has a positive attitude towards the formation of new jobs. To do this, the authorities can register a land plot for a business, help in obtaining public investment, and also assist with the registration of documents.

If the volume of production of pigs is small, you can register your business as a private one. subsidiary farm(LPH). In the case of a large production of livestock, it is necessary to open individual entrepreneurship, you will also need to pay a single agricultural tax. To open such a business, you need to contact the following authorities: Rospotrebnadzor, fire and veterinary control, SES.

Farm organization

The organization of pig breeding must be approached very seriously. Experts in this field argue that profitability depends on such factors:

conditions for keeping animals;
proper feeding;
pig breeds.

Such a business can be organized on your own land plot, where the minimum land area can be equal to 50 acres. The site should be located away from residential buildings so as not to interfere with local residents. In addition to the pigsty, you will need a granary and a workshop.

Equipment and premises

After receiving all necessary documents for permission to conduct entrepreneurial activities, the second step in creating a business will be the design of pig farms. This may be an old building that will need to be repaired and equipped for a pig farm. A pig farm built from scratch will cost a lot more.

If you plan to organize a farm for 100 or more pigs, then you will need to hire working staff who will take care of the livestock. Therefore, when drawing up a plan, it is necessary to allocate premises for the office, production and laboratories. Approximately 5,000 m² will be needed to house 300 animals.

The room must be clean, bright, without drafts and fully comply with sanitary standards. Much attention is also paid to the installation of specialized equipment. The purchase of the latest equipment, automated distribution of feed on pig farms will help create the appropriate conditions for livestock. In the future, this will reduce costs to a minimum.

Most of the pig farms in Russia use equipment that is over 20 years old (equipment that has gone out of working order). This leads to wasted feed, increased disease in animals, etc. If the pig farm is fully automated, this will reduce the risk of livestock diseases and increase the income of the enterprise.

Necessary equipment for a pig farm

The mechanization of the pig farm is essential to build successful business on pigs. Without equipment and tools in such a case, one cannot work for a long time. You need to have a hammer, crowbar, drill, nails, etc. on hand. Other necessary equipment for purchase includes:

grain crusher;
drinkers, feeders;
truck.

Choosing a pig breed for a farm

Today, there are about a hundred breeds of pigs of various productivity, so when choosing a herd, you need to think through and do everything well. right choice. Professionals who have been engaged in a pig farm for several years advise to purchase approximately 400 heads of piglets and pigs to begin with. Before buying, it is better to visit several farms, see the conditions in which the herd lives, and study the pedigree.

Most farmers today stop at breeding Vietnamese pigs. Features of this breed:

multiple pregnancy of pigs;
high business profitability;
resistance of livestock to diseases;
bacon performance direction;
The breed is in high demand.

When creating suitable conditions (a place for a spacious walking area and a warm room) Vietnamese pigs can bring good income to the company. Due to their good adaptability and many advantages, the Siberian breed, Northern and Large White pigs are popular with farmers.

Feeding and breeding piglets

In order for the enterprise to generate income and quickly become profitable, it is necessary to think over the reduction in the cost of feed for the herd in advance. Only feed mixtures balanced for each age will lead to permanent profit and business prosperity.

Responsible, knowledgeable personnel must be hired to work with sows and newly born piglets. You also need to involve a veterinarian. Only qualified specialists with experience in the field of pig breeding will be able to help avoid mistakes when breeding pigs, proper care for the sow during pregnancy and childbirth. All of these conditions will help reduce the risk of flock mortality.

Farm staff

Because this species business needs professionals, it is extremely important to hire people who understand the field of agriculture. Helpers should be familiar with piglet care. Also, a veterinarian must work in the pigsty. This will help to keep the livestock and avoid problems in case of infection or infection. This activity will require an accountant, manager and operator of pig breeding complexes and mechanized farms.

Pig farm business plan

When basing your business on pigs, you need to write a business plan. The following is an approximate calculation for 10 goals. For a year, you can get about 40 heads of young animals. First you need to rent an old farm and make repairs. Hire a veterinarian and a helper. Primary expenses include:

registration of the enterprise - about 12 thousand;
farm repair - about 120 thousand;
purchase of pigs - 240 thousand;
purchase of equipment and other expenses - 118 thousand rubles.

The total amount of initial investments will be about 490 thousand rubles.

Current expenses:

feeding - 540 thousand;
rent - 660 thousand per year;
salary to employees - 420 thousand;
veterinary examinations - 55 thousand;
payment of taxes - 150 thousand rubles.

Every year, investments in the business will amount to about 1 million 825 thousand rubles. In order for the piglets to gain the desired weight (120 kilograms), it takes a year. As a result, you get 84 kg of pure meat from each individual. The total income after the sale of meat will leave about 2 million 352 thousand rubles a year (actual figures can be much higher). Consequently, the profit will be about 527 thousand rubles a year, which will make it possible to recoup the investment in just a few seasons.

Specialists who have managed to succeed in organizing a home mini-farm have gained vast experience in the farming business. A few tips from successful entrepreneurs:

it is better to focus on two sources of income: the sale of young animals and lard, meat;
you should buy only purebred piglets;
it is desirable to acquire livestock not from one breeder, but from several (so that there is no degeneration);
dense pigs need to be fed to the maximum in order to get income earlier;
pig farm profitability ( standard project we examined above) is about 25-30%.

Farm in the Stavropol Territory

pig farm Stavropol Territory under the name "Gvardiya" became the first enterprise within the framework of the national project "Development of the agro-industrial complex". Today, it is one of the leading livestock farms in the city of Stavropol and is the most promising farm.

The first phase of the pig farm was put into operation in September 2006. Her plans included the annual fattening of 80 thousand pigs. More than 600 million rubles were invested in the complex itself.

After the commissioning of the second stage, the productive force of society with limited liability"Guards" amounted to about 400 thousand heads a year. The total investment amounted to four billion rubles.

On pig farm employ domestic and foreign experts in this field. With the help of laboratory studies, the safety of the products of the company "Gvardiya" was confirmed.

In September 2010, the limited liability company "Gvardiya" put into operation a meat processing plant, which today is the largest meat processing plant in the North Caucasus Federal District. The slaughtering capacity is one hundred and eighty pigs per hour and four hundred thousand pigs per year. This will allow to produce up to 45 thousand tons of pork.

Today, the enterprise produces products of primary processing of meat and cutting - semi-finished products in small pieces and large pieces, half carcasses. In the future, they plan to produce highly processed meat products with high added value.

Domestic pig breeding does not require large investments, but brings a fairly high profit.

1. Prepare a business plan that will cover all aspects of your future pig farm, including information about the premises, population, breed, estimated costs, and meat marketing channels.

2. Make a drawing and build a pigsty of the required size and configuration (livestock sizes and other data for calculations should already be in the business plan), purchase the necessary equipment.

3. Purchase piglets of the selected breed.

How to choose a pig breed

Experts number about one and a half hundred breeds different areas of productivity. The best for breeding in the climatic conditions of the Russian middle zone are:

large white: this meat-greasy breed - optimal choice for beginner pig breeders: it is characterized by high fertility (13 or more piglets per farrow) and unpretentiousness in terms of feed. The disadvantages include the fact that animals are prone to obesity and do not tolerate severe frosts. Average weight an adult pig - about 185-215 kilograms;
Siberian northern: animals of this breed, unlike large white pigs, tolerate frost well, but are also highly productive (an average of 11 piglets per farrow). The average weight of an animal is 230-250 kilograms;
Vietnamese bellied: this bacon breed is unpretentious in terms of maintenance and nutrition, it is distinguished by strong immunity and good health. The disadvantages include high susceptibility to drafts and cold, as well as relatively low productivity (8-10 piglets per farrow). The average weight of an adult animal is 90-135 kilograms.

How to build a pigsty

A pigsty is a spacious insulated room with separate pens (machines). The area of the pen is calculated based on the number of animals, their sex, age and purpose of keeping, as a rule, is about 12 square meters.

This is enough to keep 1-2 breeding animals and up to a dozen fattening pigs.

The area of the stall for a breeding boar should be at least 8 square meters, for a sow with piglets - ten "squares" or more.

Thus, to keep 50 heads, a pigsty with a dozen pens is required. total area premises, taking into account the passage (passages), will be about 190-200 square meters. The best design for a small farm is a two-row pigsty with one aisle (the aisle is in the center of the room, the pens are near the walls).

To prevent manure from accumulating, the floors should be made slotted with manure collectors, from which it is necessary to make outlets to the sewer system.

The pigsty should have windows for natural light, lamps to provide artificial light, and must be equipped with a quality ventilation system. Harsh climatic conditions may also require the installation of a heating system, but if the temperature does not fall below -20 degrees Celsius, it can be abandoned.

Materials for the pigsty

A pigsty can be built from any material: wood, stone, clay, concrete and others, but most often, due to operational features and relatively low cost, bricks and cinder blocks are used.

The outer walls of the building are built from these versatile materials, while the internal partitions are usually made of thick boards.

There are also prefabricated pigsties that are assembled from sandwich panels or separate multi-layer modules, but such structures are expensive. Also, if you need to modify internal structure rooms can be difficult. It is convenient to use such pigsties in industrial pig breeding, and when it is better to stay on traditional materials.

What to feed pigs

Feeding pigs is the main expense of a pig farm, so you need to think carefully about this point, and try to reduce the cost of feeding as much as possible. Nevertheless, the reduction in price should not affect the quality: the feed mixture must be properly balanced and formulated taking into account the characteristics of a particular breed and the age of the animals.

Good food is the key to quality meat and, accordingly, future profits. The cheapest feed, consisting mainly of potatoes, corn, wheat bran and beet molasses, negatively affects the quality characteristics of pork. At the same time, barley, wheat, rye, carrots, beets, peas and beans - on the contrary, improve the quality of meat, making it more tender and tasty.

Since quality feeds are expensive, they are usually mixed with herbal feed containing clover and alfalfa, and also add a small amount of cheaper feed. But it should be borne in mind that cheap feed should be removed from the animal's diet at least two months before slaughter - this minimizes their negative impact on taste characteristics.

How to breed pigs

To maintain the livestock, it is necessary to have about a quarter of breeding sows in the livestock, and the ratio of the number of boars to the number of sows should be about 1 to 10, that is, there should be no more than 12 breeding sows and two boars per 50 heads.

This ratio will provide a small annual increase in livestock. If gain is not required, the number of breeding sows can be reduced.

Costs and profits

The construction of a pigsty for 50 heads will cost 15-20 thousand dollars, (feeders, drinkers, thermometers, etc.) - another 1-2 thousand. About 5 thousand more dollars will have to be spent on the purchase of feed and vitamin supplements.

Total investment including veterinary and labor costs(1 person is enough to serve 50 heads) - about 25 thousand dollars.

Each sow brings from 10 to 20 piglets per year. During the year, piglets grow up to 100-150 kilograms, reaching their maximum weight at the age of 2-3 years. The average yield (meat and lard) is about 80 percent of total weight animal. Estimated profit: about 7-8 thousand dollars a year. You can increase income by selling by-products (skins, blood, offal, etc.).

Increasingly, questions have recently begun to be raised whether it is profitable to engage in pig breeding at home, as well as how to start pig breeding from scratch. It is known that pig breeding for beginners at home will be successful only for those owners who familiarize themselves with and apply the basic rules for pig breeding at home, understand what the pork production technology is, what is the secret of effective keeping and other issues.

Pigs are the most precocious among large domestic animals that are raised at home for meat. At eight months, or even earlier, they reach a live weight of 110-120 kg or more. Along with this, they are characterized by multiple pregnancy. The limits of their fertility are very high - up to 33 piglets per farrow! On average, if the technology and approach to breeding are observed, I get two farrowings per year from one queen, and 12 piglets or more per farrowing.

Pigs are the most precocious among large domestic animals that are raised at home for meat

The pig is omnivorous, that is, it can consume all kinds of feed at low cost per 1 kg of growth.

The very principle of breeding, the technology of production and fattening pigs at home does not require any special skills and knowledge, as well as huge financial costs. But the price of pork has been steadily growing in recent years. Today, this is more relevant than ever for a large number of people.

The advantages of these pets are clearly visible, and therefore backyard pig breeding is so quickly gaining momentum in popularity among the population.

Video about building a business from scratch

For beginner pig breeders, it will be easier to imagine the solution to this issue in the following sequence:

Decide what tasks you set for yourself. Will you be involved in fattening pigs, raising offspring and selling young animals or do you need a complete production technology? It depends on what kind of premises, feed, etc. you need.

It should be understood what each of the listed cycles represents and what are its features. Let's briefly consider each of them.

pig fattening

The most simple and popular stage in pig breeding. Its technology is simple - just buy a piglet, place it in normal conditions and feed well. In the presence of required amount inexpensive feed - fattening is very profitable and interesting. Especially if it is possible to feed a pig at home on the waste of a kitchen or some kind of agricultural production (for example, oilcake, gourds, etc.).

The most profitable technology is fattening animals in batches, for getting meat at home several times a year. For example, the first batch: the beginning of fattening - the end of February or the beginning of March, slaughter for meat - August-September; second batch: start of fattening - May-June, slaughter - December, etc. The number of goals in the game depends directly only on your capabilities and goals. Growing only one piglet per year is unprofitable, because it alone will require almost as much time and effort as several heads. Yes, and it has been noticed that piglets grow faster in a group, because. there is healthy competition for food, which improves their appetite.

You can also put a sow on fattening after weaning piglets from her, if her further maintenance is not required.

For fattening, both pigs and hogs are used. The hogs grow faster, but the meat of pigs is more tender and tasty.

Reception of offspring and sale of young animals

The advantage of this production is that it does not require a large amount of feed, as in fattening. After all, it is enough to keep several fertile queens, which will bear offspring, and feed piglets with their milk until they are sold. Based market value piglets, it becomes obvious that keeping queens is a very profitable undertaking. But you should not start breeding without having sufficient knowledge, experience and patience. After all, a little piggy requires a lot of attention and good conditions maintenance, and a pregnant sow should be treated very carefully and carefully.

For breeding, it is better to buy a pig and a boar in the spring

For breeding, it is better to buy a pig and a boar in the spring. In winter, the pig is covered with a boar or inseminated artificially, and in April-May it will bear offspring, and the boar is then castrated and fed. But it is better to keep one boar for several sows. It can be used up to three years provided that he produces good offspring.

The complete pork production technology implies that the farm is engaged in obtaining young animals, then growing them, dividing them into fattening and breeding young animals, and so on in a circle.

Can be recommended to experienced farmers or farms on a large scale. Simple knowledge and materials will not be enough here, you will have to recruit additional staff, purchase some mechanisms and devices.

Based on the goals, place of your residence, climatic conditions, as well as financial possibilities, prepare premises for animals. You can either build new premises or successfully adapt existing ones. It is enough to reconstruct, clean and disinfect the premises. In doing so, you should follow a few basic rules. The room should be warm, dry, light, fresh and safe - this is the correct production technology. To do this, when building or re-equipping premises for keeping pigs, do: 1) not blown and frost-proof walls; 2) insulated and waterproof roof; 3) not a cold floor, which is easy to clean, process and does not injure the limbs of animals; 4) sufficient illumination; 5) ventilation and drainage for liquid.

The walls can be made of wood (from boards if you live in a warm climate, or logs if you live in a cold one), or brick, stone, concrete or adobe. Often they use a more budget option - infill plank walls. In any of these cases, the choice is yours, the main thing is to reliably protect them from destruction, both by natural factors and by the animals themselves, so that the content is comfortable.

The roof, if there is no ceiling in the room, needs to be insulated. For this, you can also use any available and various materials (from reeds and straw to modern materials). Today, the use of polycarbonate as a roof for livestock buildings. Such a roof perfectly protects from precipitation, lets in the sun's rays, which makes it possible to simplify the lighting in the room, and copes well enough with the task of retaining heat. The optimal height of the premises is two meters, the minimum is 175 cm.

Video about how to keep pigs at home

Floors are best made of cement on a gravel bed. This will keep them intact for a long time. In places of rest for pigs, wooden loungers are equipped to prevent hypothermia of animals, if special heating is not equipped in the floors. It is good to cover the floors near the feeders with sheets of metal to increase their service life, which is important for household plots.

The internal arrangement of the pigsty is approximately as follows. The homestead is divided into several separate machines, the size of which is optimally 2.5 m X 2.7 m. Pig breeding at home differs from industrial one in that the size of the uterine cage can be slightly smaller, but not less than 5.5 m 2, otherwise at farrowing, the uterus can simply overwhelm the newborn piglets due to crowding. The height of the partitions in the machine must be at least 1.2 m, the size of the wooden flooring should be 1 m x 2.5, the rest of the area is intended for the installation of feeders and a place for the animals' toilet. Such a cage is suitable for housing one queen with sucklings or one boar, 2-3 pregnant or single sows, about five gilts or ten weaned piglets. Video

Familiarize yourself with the rules of feeding, find out what is the technology for the production and preparation of feed, as well as their storage. Try to buy inexpensive and good food. Do not forget about the saturation of feed with vitamins and mineral supplements to prevent a huge number of unpleasant diseases associated with improper metabolism. This group of diseases causes great damage in the pork production process to many, especially beginner, farms.

How to choose a piglet?

It is better to purchase piglets for the home of the breed that is bred in your area and is most adapted to local conditions and feed.

Video about how to choose a pig

Pay attention to how the animal looks. It is good if he has a wide chest, a wide and even back, without interceptions in the area of the shoulder blades, rounded and fleshy hams, a long torso, even limbs, and a non-pendulous belly. The width of the shoulder blades should not exceed the width of the back, the head is of medium length, the drooping ears are of medium length or long (depending on the breed). The skin should be even, smooth with a pinkish tinge and a small bristle.

Check the piglet's bite. To do this, take it with one hand and press it against you, and gently part your lips with the fingers of the other hand. The rows of upper and lower teeth should match and close. Otherwise, it's a marriage.
Examine the baby's genitals. In a boar, the size and uniformity of development of the testicles are checked, and in a pig, the nipples are checked. In addition, the end of the genital slit should not be bent up in the mumps - this may be a sign of hermaphroditism.
Watch how the baby eats and listen to how he squeals. It’s good if he grabs food with a full mouth and has a loud voice, but if he sucks and his voice is muffled, don’t buy it, he’s probably sick.
Do not buy thin or overweight babies (they may have been fed sweet milk before being sold, after which they will be reluctant to eat other foods at your place). Approximate weight norms can be found in the reference book.
Ask the owner about how often and what he fed the animals at home.

Efficient pig farming at home is an achievable goal, you just need to heed our advice and put in a little effort.