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Typical farm projects for 100 heads. Design and construction of barns

Creating your own farming- very profitable business with a high payback, but subject to properly created conditions for cows and selected construction technology. A variety of building materials and construction technologies makes it possible to easily implement projects for cowsheds for 100 heads in various regions of the country, despite the difficult climatic conditions and topography. But the most expediently proved to be prefabricated hangar-type premises - frame barns made of sandwich panels and frameless arched ones based on rolled steel.

Typical arrangement of a barn for 100 heads: requirements

To obtain meat and dairy products of excellent quality, which entails high profits, first of all, it is necessary to build a reliable barn that would provide the most comfortable maintenance cattle. A number of requirements are put forward for the installation of a standard design of a barn for 100 heads, the observance of which can guarantee the success of your business.

An agricultural building should consist of several sectors to optimize the operation and functionality of the content:

Stall for cows with feeders and drinkers.
A room for storing food (if you have additional funds, you can build a separate room for).
Maternity, which is adapted for keeping newborn calves for the first few weeks.
Compartment for storage of inventory and small equipment.
Additionally, it is also possible to implement a compartment for storing the received milk and a platform for walking animals.

A livestock of 100 individuals requires an individual arrangement of the stall, as a rule, it is made in 2-3 rows to save space and increase the functionality of the barn. But in no case should cows be crowded: an adult cow is given a platform of at least 1-1.3 m and more, a bull is about the same optimal dimensions for an adult male - 1.3x1.4 m, for a calf with a cow - 1.5x2 m.

Cattle feel best in cool rooms where the temperature is approximately the same as outside, so it is important to control the temperature with the help of a ventilation system, as well as well-chosen thermal insulation materials. Ventilation is a prerequisite for keeping 100 cows in one room. And you should not save on its installation. A comfortable microclimate will provide cattle with good health and stable immunity, which will prevent them from getting sick often. Consequently - fast growth livestock and large milk yields.

The truss floor must always be dry and clean, without unevenness and with high level moisture resistance. To do this, choose a wooden flooring, but under such operating conditions, its service life is not more than 3-4 years (can be replaced). It is advisable to have a hollow brick, it will not require repair for more than 10 years, while winter period it must be insulated with hay bedding. In addition, the floor is made with a slight slope - 2-3 cm - for gravity flow of waste from cows.

In no case should animals be settled in a barn with concrete floors and walls. That is why metal frame technology is so in demand today - it is not based on concrete mortar.

Technologies for the construction of cowsheds for 100 heads

Pre-fabricated hangar-type structures made of metal structures are widely used in almost all areas of business and not only. With their help, it is possible to realize a barn for 50, 100, and even 200 heads in just a few months. It is profitable, cost-effective and, most importantly, inexpensive compared to brick and wooden buildings.

Cowshed made of sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are an excellent combination of thermal insulation, sound insulation and building envelope. They serve as reliable walls and roofs, protecting your livestock from frost in the winter, and do not let in moisture, thereby preventing dampness indoors. Inside the structure, a heater is used, which is closed on both sides with a metal galvanized profiled sheet. Read more about sandwich panels in our blog.

At the heart of the barn made of sandwich panels, a prefabricated frame made of light metal structures is used, which is sheathed with sandwich panels. The structure is equipped with window, gate and door systems, partitions and engineering networks can be mounted inside - lighting, ventilation, water supply, etc.

Barns are not heated, but in harsh climates, animals may experience discomfort. Frame construction technology based on sandwich panels is the right decision. In summer, such a barn will not be hot, and in winter, the panels keep the heat generated by cows indoors.

Frameless arched cowsheds

A frameless arched barn for a farm is one of the fastest and most cost-effective ways to implement a barn project for 100 heads. This technology does not use a frame, arched arched profiles made of steel of the 1st class of galvanizing are made directly at the construction site. The absence of the need to deliver heavy building materials from the territory of the manufacturing plant to the construction site saves you a lot of money. The arched hangar is a lightweight structure with a reduced metal consumption, does not require the construction of a deep foundation - and this also reduces financial costs.

The length of the hangar is not limited, its height depends on the width. Therefore, any number of livestock can be placed in such a room, it is only important to entrust the drafting of the project to professionals.

Such barns are also equipped with all necessary equipment and engineering systems. They are perfectly adapted to both temperate and continental regions. If necessary, they can be insulated with polyurethane foam, by spraying or with mineral wool mats, by mounting two layers of a metal arch, between which a heater is laid.

Construction of a barn for 100 heads

Any construction should begin with preparation. In addition to developing the project, it is important to determine the direction of the business. Raising cows for milking or exclusively for slaughter, rearing young animals for delivery by live weight, and perhaps both, and another, and the third - there are many options. The specifics of your farm will directly affect the construction features and the structural functionality of the building.

Choosing a construction site for a barn for 100 heads - here it is important to take into account the features of the relief, soil characteristics, groundwater levels and freezing, snow and wind loads. All this will influence the project and the choice of construction technology.

Typical or individual project? A difficult choice for many customers, because on the one hand, it is possible to reduce the budget for construction, and on the other hand, to build a barn taking into account all the requirements and wishes.

Construction stages

Construction work begins with the laying of the foundation, which is preceded by geological surveys and topographic surveys. Of course, all this can be neglected, but if we are talking about your project and business – the risk is too great. Let's take a closer look at the stages of construction:

Installation of the foundation - columnar, tape, monolithic slab. Before installation, be sure to remove the fertile soil layer. The structure is deepened, as a rule, by 50-70 cm. Monolithic works last from 7 to 14 days.
Installation of metal structures - a spatial frame or a supporting arched system of arcuate profiles. In the case of frame technology, the elements are mounted thanks to fasteners, the arched profiles are interconnected into a solid arch by means of a beading machine.
Installation of windows, doors, gates.
Carrying out interior work, where special attention is paid to flooring and ventilation.

Ventilation

The simplest version of the ventilation system in the barn is the installation of exhaust pipes to remove stale air, the number of which depends on the area and length of the room. Fresh air enters through window systems or intake openings with dampers.

Waste disposal system

It is almost impossible to remove large barns for 100 heads by hand. In any case, it is impractical and a large expenditure of man-hours. Therefore, it is customary to install a mechanical manure removal system through the use of various kinds equipment - hydraulic flush, belt conveyor, self-alloy, etc.

Lighting

Lighting in the barn is mounted taking into account the length of daylight hours, so that by the end of the day it is possible to gradually reduce the illumination. The level of illumination directly affects the production of milk, therefore, indicators above 50 lux are not acceptable in stalls, and 75 lux in feeders. LED lamps are chosen as lamps.

Implementation of the project of a cowshed for 100 heads from the Evrial company

The construction of livestock complexes is a special area of construction. The contractor company is responsible not only for the quality of the constructed facility, but also for a kind of safety of such premises for keeping cattle. The customer can suffer huge losses, temporary losses, left with nothing.

We are well aware of these fears of clients who contacted us for the first time, therefore we are ready to offer not only a professional approach to order fulfillment, but also demonstrate ready-made projects of such barns that have been successfully operating for more than a year. We are the only ones in Russia who install #all-frame hangars, and also specialize in the construction of frameless arched structures for your livestock business. The price for the installation of a cowshed for 100 heads from the Evrial company starts from 2150 rubles. per m2.

Cowsheds for 100 heads are very common among farmers breeding cattle. After all, comfort is necessary not only for people, but also for animals. Warmth and comfort are also important for cattle. It is for this purpose that cowsheds are built, designed for a different number of heads.

In fact, a barn can be considered a home for cattle. Therefore, it needs careful planning and a professional approach to construction, as well as the use of professional equipment. This will ensure a good barn microclimate, and, consequently, the quality of animal welfare will be at the right level.

Features of a barn for 100 heads

The construction of a barn designed for 100 heads is strikingly different from the construction of the same building, but for fewer animals. Because for a typical barn project, it is necessary to develop project documentation in more detail.

In such a capital structure, tethered keeping of cows is common. That is, each individual is in its own stall and at the same time an individual approach is carried out to maintain life.

The floor in the stalls is made at an inclination of 2-3 cm. Thus, waste products are removed by gravity. If the slope is too high, animals will be harmed, and if it is too low, sufficient cleaning will not be ensured.

The faeces are usually cleaned up using automated equipment using scraper conveyors. Special loaders are responsible for feeding the hay. Transportation of milk is carried out by appropriate equipment in specially provided containers. This allows you to increase productivity and at the same time reduce the amount of labor.

The design of the barn should include technological premises in order to ensure the life of the building. These can be individual heating points, a ventilated chamber, cattle walking rooms, and a utility block. In addition, behind the tethered barn there should be a cesspool of the required dimensions.

Barn construction technology

The question of building a barn for 100 heads should be approached constructively. This will allow not only to reduce the construction time of the barn within acceptable limits, but also contributes to its long operation.

In the distant 60-80s, reinforced concrete structures were mainly used for the construction of cowsheds. Currently, this is inefficient and not profitable from an economic point of view. The material itself is very heavy, which entails expensive shipping from the manufacturer's premises. In addition, it is necessary to involve a crane with a high lifting capacity for the installation of concrete products.

A modern tie-down barn involves the use of steel structures. Thanks to this, the costs of transportation and installation with the involvement of lifting equipment are significantly reduced. This, in turn, speeds up construction time.

Modern cowshed project appearance may look like a 30-year-old building. However, in some respects they still differ significantly. Eg, by type of material used:

sandwich panels;
concrete;
brick;
steel.

Can use the following types of heating:

water;
electrical.

By type of ventilation:

natural;
supply and exhaust.

All these parameters, and some others, should be chosen strictly individually, depending on the climate of the area, as well as the wishes and possibilities of customers.

Typically, barns are designed on one floor with an insulated roof and an attic for storing feed. The height of the ceiling in a barn is usually about 5 meters. Thanks to this, normal air circulation is ensured and a favorable microclimate of the barn is established.

During construction, it is desirable to do without internal supports, which can interfere with the location of process equipment.

To maintain a good barn microclimate, the following conditions must be met:

humidity level should not exceed 75%;
the temperature regime should not be less than 10 ° C;
the level of ammonia content should not exceed 0.2 g / l.

How is the equipment located?

For good productivity of cows, all the necessary fixtures and equipment must be in the correct location.

Drinkers should be comfortable and provide cows with enough water. For the production of 1 liter of milk, a cow needs about 4-5 liters of water. Thus, the total amount of water is reduced to a volume of 80-170 liters. With smaller volumes of water, there will be less milk yield.

Drinkers should be open type with a depth not exceeding 80 cm and equipped with a continuous water supply system. It is optimal to use a trough 2 meters long. Several animals can drink from it at once, which corresponds to their herd behavior. One trough is designed for 20 individuals.

The stalls in the barn are very cramped, and therefore free space is needed in it for walking the cows. This can be done even in a specially designated place for this. Such walks contribute not only to maintaining the animals in a healthy state, but also to increase their productivity.

Usually cowsheds are divided into two types according to their content:

tethered;
loose.

Each of these methods has its advantages, but the first is more productive. Stall equipment in this case provides the animal with everything necessary to maintain life. It is also used to collect milk.

There are some requirements for the stall equipment:

to avoid injury to animals, pipes of only circular cross section are used;
the detachable mounting units used make it possible to repair not the entire structure, but only one element;
have a high-quality coating that is resistant to corrosion;
the design must be provided with plugs and covers, also protected from corrosion. In turn, they protect the inner surface of the work from the harmful effects of air.

To ensure sufficient free space, stall equipment is arranged in two rows along the long sides of the structure. In the middle part and along the ends, passages are formed for the unhindered movement of animals and personnel.

The feasibility of such a large project

The construction of a 100-head tie-down barn implies high costs. However, these costs, given the number of cattle that will be kept, will pay off over time.

If necessary, you can order the construction of a turnkey barn. Such work should be entrusted to a proven and specialized company in order to avoid serious and unforeseen situations. The cost of such a turnkey project can be an average of 9,500,000 rubles.

Thinking about getting busy entrepreneurial activity but don't know where to start? Build a barn! Cows are valued primarily for tasty and healthy milk. There is always a demand for such products. The construction of cowsheds is of interest not only to people employed in business, but also to diligent owners of summer cottages. These craftsmen are used to working with their hands. Proper care- a prerequisite for a cow to give a lot of milk.

Project and internal organization barn

If you build a building from scratch, then this has its advantages: everything can be done at your discretion. However, you will need to invest money and buy the necessary building materials. The experience of building cowsheds adopted in Europe cannot be considered the most suitable for Russian conditions.

There, buildings are erected on two floors: on the first - a stall for animals, and on the second - a hayloft.

On the one hand, you can save space, and, on the other hand, the likelihood of fire increases greatly. Dry hay burns very quickly.

Before you start building a barn, there are a few steps to take. Beginners in the farming business will not hurt to get acquainted with the structure of this building. It is necessary to choose a place for, complete the project and calculate the cost of the barn. Be sure to take into account that indoor space should be enough for adult cows, bulls and small calves.

A variant of the design of a barn covered with corrugated board

Whether you have 20 or 200 cattle units, the first step is to design a suitable barn.

Place for animals in the barn

The size of the room can be quickly calculated by a specialist. Without experience in farming, it seems to beginners that they cannot cope with such a task. In fact, everything is quite simple. For independent calculations, you can be guided by the parameters of a standard barn - 6 x 4 m, height - 2.5 m. For each adult animal, 20 m3 is required, and for a calf - 10 m3. Part of the premises where the calf or calves will be kept must be fenced off.

Designing a home barn defines a place to store feed and equipment. The larger the number of livestock, the more spacious the building should be. The price of the finished project can be quite high.

Interior arrangement of a small wooden barn

Before you decide to buy it, try to calculate how much cheaper the acquisition will cost if you complete construction works with your own hands.

Building materials for the barn

You can build a building from any building materials. Practical owners of the household use adobe, brick, cinder blocks, shell rock. The first material is easy to produce on site. Saman is made from a mixture that includes:

clay;
straw;
sand.

Construction of barn walls

The walls inside the barn should always be dry and warm. The building of adobe brick is inexpensive. In such a room, 200 animals can safely spend the winter. From below, the walls should be lined with ordinary bricks. Designing your barn involves taking into account various nuances, including cold winters. Severe frost will help to survive the built brick walls.

Laying 1.5 bricks allows you to keep the room warm. Inside the walls should be plastered and whitewashed. Reflecting, the rays of the sun make the barn lighter. When building walls, you can combine the use of two materials at the same time: burnt brick and shell rock.

Barn frame assembly process

The higher the porosity of building materials, the warmer it will be in the barn, and it will be easier for 200 cows to endure a frosty winter.

Barn floor installation

A cowshed for 100 heads involves the use of a floor covering in the form of a flooring with a waterproof surface. If the floors are even, then it is convenient to remove manure. If the floor covering is not properly insulated, then cows will develop mastitis over the winter. The best floors for animals are wood. However, they also have a drawback - fragility. Such coverage will last no more than four years. It is prone to rot and will need to be redone.

Most floors are made of concrete or cement. They are cold, and the cows start to get cold, especially in a frosty winter. Therefore, a dry litter is required. For her, you can take:

sawdust;
straw cutting;
straw.

If it is changed regularly, the problem of freezing can be avoided.

An example of flooring in a barn

A good alternative to flooring is fired brick flooring. It is warmer than concrete and more durable than wood. Brick floors will last at least 10 years. When repairs are made during the operation of the flooring, then it will last longer.

Spacious and comfortable home no less important in breeding cattle than feeding or walking animals. Good conditions their content in the barn increases milk yield and meat growth. Mini-farms usually use standard buildings for 100 or 200 cows. The construction project should take into account a number of nuances and features.

A cowshed is not just a barn with stalls for animals. Its construction requires responsibility, a thoughtful and prudent approach. It is advisable to use professional equipment. Before starting work on the arrangement of premises for 100 and 200 heads, it is worth considering and preparing project documentation.

Common features of barn projects for mini-farms:

Attention! Sanitary standards for the construction of such a barn include the presence of a cesspool. Its dimensions are determined by the size of the herd.

Basic floor plan for 100 cows

In a typical design of a barn for hundreds of animals, there are:

indoor building with deep litter, stalls and nurseries for calves;
walking yard, divided into several sections;
fodder passage between them;
drinkers and feeders;
processing area for new cattle;
passage between it and the main territory.

A barn for 100 heads is already large enough, so it will not be possible to give the animals a lot of space. For small herds, you can leave 10 square meters. m per individual. IN this project barn the optimal value will be 6-8 square meters. m.

For a hundred cows, 800 square meters are needed. m. This includes more spacious stalls for calving cows, a nursery for grown-up young animals. Together with the bedding, the pens are additionally equipped with a special cow mat. The mat is good for animal health.

Attention! The stalls in this barn will be placed in 2-4 rows.

The traditional shape of a barn is a square or rectangle. This is convenient with a row layout of stalls. Set the height of the building within 2.2-2.5 m. The parameter is unchanged regardless of whether there is an attic in the room.

The equipment in the hangar should be comfortable for both cows and humans. For a drinking bowl, choose a container up to 80 cm deep and an autonomous water supply system. For example, a long trough. Make the length of the feeder and drinker at the rate of 10 individuals per 1 m.

Attention! An adult cow needs 4-5 liters of water per day to produce 1 liter of milk.

Building drawing features for 200 cows

auxiliary premises are taken out of the building;
stalls are placed in 6-8 parallel rows;
at the entrance to the barn there is a large gate: 2.8 m wide and 3 m high (this is convenient for the unhindered passage of service equipment);
sections with drinkers and feeders are placed along long opposite walls;
the passage between the rows is 2.5 m (for the convenience of feeding);
at the end of the room, a platform with milking equipment is mounted.

Advice. The barn can be equipped with a second smaller gate. They will facilitate access to the room and improve air circulation.

For such a complex, it is necessary to make high-quality thermal insulation of walls and ceilings. The area for walking should be commensurate with the number of livestock. Part of the territory may be a regular meadow, where the cows will receive pasture. Make another in the form of a covered summer playground with artificial turf.

Fundamentals of building construction technology

The construction of a barn for a mini-farm is carried out according to the following plan:

digging a pit for a strip foundation;
pouring the base (required - with a reinforcing mesh);
walling;
installation of floor beams;
roof assembly;
installation of windows and doors;
connection of communications.

The barn can be solid or frame. For the foundation, concrete on a sand cushion is used. Immediately consider the angle of the floor.

Use metal or concrete as a floor covering, brick, foam concrete or wooden beams measuring 10x15 cm for walls. A frame building can be sheathed with sandwich panels (especially in cold regions). The roof is preferably gable - snow and water come off it more easily. Roofing materials - roofing material, slate, corrugated board.

Advice. The attic will make the room warmer. The floor on it is made of boards, which are covered with a layer of sand.

Materials for the barn must be durable and environmentally friendly. So you create a good microclimate inside the room. And it, in turn, is important for the effective breeding of cattle.

Barn construction: video

Creating comfortable and proper conditions for keeping cows is an important factor affecting the health and productivity of animals. The construction of a barn should be built taking into account not only the number of livestock, but also the climatic conditions in the region, as well as hygiene standards and sanitary regulations. When creating a barn with your own hands, it is necessary to correctly plan the internal and external space in order to provide an area for all animals and leave room for utility and utility rooms. From the article you will learn what to consider when drafting a barn for home maintenance.

Calculation of the area and scheme of the barn by the number of heads

The size of the barn is determined by the number of livestock, the way the animals are kept, and the need for utility rooms. The approximate area should be calculated depending on the number of heads. Initially, a drawing is created for a typical barn, on the basis of which a step-by-step design of the future layout begins in accordance with the European standards for keeping animals.

There are a large number of sewer systems for the barn. They work on a similar principle - the cow defecates right in the stall, and then the manure that enters the general drain is removed from the premises in one way or another.

Ventilation for typical barns

The microclimate in the barn affects health and productive qualities animals. In cold conditions, cows spend a lot of energy heating their bodies, so milk production and weight gain are significantly reduced. In addition, cattle are exposed to drafts, in the presence of which they often get sick.

Widespread in regions with dry and warm climates. cold way keeping animals. It is permissible to build a barn from two-layer or single-layer curtains, which are replaced with an insect net in summer. This design affects not only the temperature in the barn, but also the level of illumination.

In cold areas, more reliable and durable structures are usually erected, for example, from sandwich panels or wood. It is important to organize the correct artificial. As a rule, this device is made of polypropylene or metal pipes with valves, the outlet of which is located on the roof ridge. In summer, you can control the temperature in the room using windows. The artificial ventilation system is rarely used, since it is an additional cost for keeping animals.

One of the most important conditions correct content KRS.

Feeding area layout

Business plan (build a good wooden or frame barn, costs for young animals, feed)

The cost of keeping and raising cows for meat is determined by many parameters. These are the area of the territory, the number of livestock, materials for the construction of a barn and the cost of feeding and servicing animals. There will always be a significant investment in the beginning, which will only pay off after a few calvings, since the proceeds from the sale of dairy products can only partially cover the cost of keeping cattle.

Read the business plan for breeding cattle.

Cost of workover equipment

For the arrangement of the farm and the purchase of the first livestock and feed for them, it requires significant financial investments. Allocate the primary costs of organizing a business for growing cattle:

Land lease. The price directly depends on the area. In fertile areas with a mild climate, the cost of rent for farm needs is always higher. It is advisable to acquire the necessary area over time, which will significantly reduce costs. Growing 100 heads of livestock requires at least 1 hectare of territory.
Construction and equipment of the cowshed. This is one of the most voluminous items of expenditure at the beginning of production. It is profitable to build a barn on your own without involving third-party workers. The cost of construction depends on the area of the barn and the automation of the process. Most often, they resort to modern prefabricated standard schemes for cowsheds, where all the necessary communications are connected: water supply, electricity, sewerage, ventilation, etc.
Purchase of animals. Initially, it is desirable to purchase several adult cows and bulls, as well as 10-12 young animals. You should not immediately buy thoroughbred and breeding animals, since most often they require special maintenance;
Buying feed. It is purchased based on the livestock, the season of the year, and also taking into account the necessary feed. In summer, food costs are less, since grazing is possible. In addition, you should immediately purchase all vitamins and feed additives;
Hiring workers and wages. Self-maintenance of a farm with more than 15 cows is physically impossible. Therefore, it is required to hire employees to clean the premises, care for animals and collect products. The estimate should also include the cost of veterinary care.

Read about the diet of dairy cows.

The cost of organizing a business is highly dependent on the location. In the southern and eastern regions, raising cows is cheaper, but it is important to understand that there is more competition in the market in these areas.

Profitability

Raising cattle is a profitable business, but this condition only applies to large farms with established distribution channels. In the early stages, it will be necessary to invest at least 1 million rubles for the arrangement of premises, the purchase of animals and food. On average, the payback of the farm comes no earlier than in 1.5-2 years, subject to the constant sale of meat, milk and the acquisition of new animals. Profitability largely depends on the productivity and health of livestock. If create right conditions, then you can later get stable income from the sale of replacement young animals, especially when growing productive species KRS.

Video on how to make the right building

In this video, a presentation of a barn for a large livestock.

Conclusion: what is a modern ready-made barn (farm) for livestock

When building a barn, it is necessary to take into account the volume of livestock, loose or leash planned, as well as climatic conditions in the region. On average, up to 6 m2 is required per animal, up to 12 m2 for cows with calves.
A barn for cows is built from cheap and environmentally friendly materials. Most often, it is wood, brick or foam concrete. As a roofing material, slate or corrugated board is used.
The barn should be clean, warm and well ventilated. To do this, it is necessary to create a ventilation system and consider the features of thermal protection in the room.
The division into workshops and the distance must be planned at the stage of creating the project. It is advisable to maximize the use of each meter of area, but at the same time comply with all sanitary standards.
Breeding cows as a business is a profitable business, but it requires significant initial costs for the purchase of equipment, the arrangement of the farm and the purchase of livestock.

Read about how to make a pigsty with your own hands.