Consider what are the requirements for a modern workplace.

The main concepts that characterize workplace and used in labor law are given in Article 209 of the Labor Code.

So, the workplace is equipped with the necessary means to perform production task the place where the employee must be for the performance of his official duties. It is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

The organization of the workplace refers to its equipment and layout. Full and complete equipment of the workplace, as well as its rational layout, allow you to best organize the work process and increase its efficiency.

Working conditions are a combination of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of an employee. Article 46 Labor Code contains recommendations to reflect them in the employment agreement.

The basis of the system of legal regulation of conditions and labor protection is the Constitution, the Labor Code, the Law of July 17, 1999 No. 181-FZ “On the basics of labor protection in Russian Federation”, regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, various model rules on labor protection, which are published by the federal executive authorities.

Labor legislation imposes on the employer the obligation to ensure safe working conditions, labor protection in his organization. These requirements are obligatory for all legal entities and individuals when they carry out any type of activity (Article 211 of the Labor Code). Article 212 of the Labor Code, as well as Article 14 of Law No. 181-FZ, provides an exhaustive list of the obligations that an employer must fulfill.

These include:

Provision of employees at the expense of the employer special clothing, shoes and other means personal protection(in hazardous production);

Creation of working conditions that meet the requirements of labor protection at each workplace;

Carrying out certification of workplaces.

Assessment of workplaces

The employer is obliged to ensure that workplaces comply with labor protection requirements. The location and organization of workplaces, equipment and tools for work, the air environment and other conditions must be safe and not endanger the life of the employee.

In order to implement the norms labor law aimed at creating healthy and safe working conditions, a system of certification of work on labor protection was created. It was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of April 24, 2002 No. 28. A key element of certification is work on attestation of workplaces, i.e. assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and implementation of measures to bring working conditions in line with state regulatory requirements. Certification is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing public policy and legal regulation in the sphere of labor.

During certification, they check to what extent the employer's activities to ensure labor protection in organizations comply with state regulatory requirements in certain sectors of the economy (clause 6 of Appendix 2 to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor dated April 24, 2002 No. 28).

The normative basis for the certification of workplaces are the standards of the labor safety system (GOSTs), sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards and other documents. In particular, certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions is included in the general requirements for the labor protection management system, defined by GOST R 12.0.006-2002.

Based on the results of certification of the organization, a so-called security certificate is issued. It certifies the compliance of the work carried out by the employer on labor protection with state regulatory requirements.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

The Labor Code imposes on the employer the provision of sanitary and preventive services for employees in accordance with the requirements of labor protection. For these purposes, according to the established norms, sanitary facilities for eating, providing medical care, lounges in work time and psychological relief. Sanitary posts are created with first-aid kits equipped with a set of medicines and drugs for first aid; devices (devices) are installed to provide workers in hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water, etc. (Article 223).

To provide normal conditions human activities, microclimate parameters are normalized. The norms of the industrial microclimate are established by GOST 12.1.005-88 SSPT. "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area." They are the same for all industries and all climatic zones. Microclimate parameters in working area must comply with optimal or permissible microclimatic conditions.

The level of temperature, humidity and air speed is regulated taking into account the severity physical labor: "light", "medium" and "heavy" work. In addition, the season of the year is taken into account: the cold season (average daily outdoor temperature is below +10°C) and the warm season (temperature +10°C and above).

No less attention should be paid to the ventilation system. Firstly, it is necessary to ensure the equality of the volume of supply and exhaust air; air flows should not raise dust and cause hypothermia of workers. Secondly, you need to minimize the noise coming from the fans.

Lighting, in accordance with the "Building Norms and Rules" SNiP 23-05-95, should provide uniform brightness in the field of view, the absence of sharp shadows and glare, constancy in time and the correct direction of the light flux. Pay attention to control the illumination in the workplace and in industrial premises required at least once a year.

By the way, the organization can take into account the costs of ensuring normal working conditions provided for by law when calculating income tax as part of other expenses associated with production and sales (subclause 7, clause 1, article 264 of the Tax Code). Indeed, the decision of the chief state sanitary doctor of April 22, 2003 No. 64, which provides for sanitary rules and regulations - SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03, was approved on the basis of the Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ "On sanitary and epidemiological well-being population".

Liability for violation

Leaders and others officials organizations guilty of violating the rules and norms of labor protection are brought to administrative responsibility in accordance with the Code on administrative offenses(CoAP):

In the form of a fine in the amount of 500 to 5000 rubles (Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses);

In the form of disqualification for a period of one to three years for a repeated violation;

For violation of fire safety requirements established by standards, norms and rules (Article 20.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses), which is fraught with a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles;

For violation of the legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses), expressed in non-compliance with existing sanitary regulations and hygiene standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles).

Psychological aspect

The economic benefit from compliance with legal requirements for the organization of the workplace lies not only in the absence of fines and the ability to accept these costs as a reduction in taxable profits. A well-thought-out layout of workplaces can significantly increase labor productivity and, as a result, increase the company's profit.

It is extremely important for management to correctly place not only their own desktop, but also the workplaces of subordinates, since the progress of work in the team depends on this. Obviously, in order to take into account many options and undesirable aspects of the behavior of employees during work, you need to think through and foresee many nuances and subtleties.

However, there are also general points that it would be nice to observe for everyone in order to feel confident and free at work:

You can not sit with your back to the door;

Do not arrange tables so that two employees sit face to face;

It is undesirable to sit with your back to the window;

It is very important to keep order in the workplace.

In addition, a person's performance, fatigue, orientation, and reaction are also affected by color. Cold colors (blue, green, yellow) have a calming effect; warm colors (red, orange) - exciting. Dark colors have a depressing effect on the psyche.

To improve work efficiency, the Japanese have developed a way to organize the workspace, known as the “5S method”. Its goal is to create optimal conditions for performing operations, maintaining order, cleanliness, accuracy, saving time and energy. arose this method in Japan in the middle of the twentieth century and consists of five steps, named after the first letters of five Japanese words, which in translation mean: “sorting”, “self-organization” (ordering), “systematic cleaning”, “standardization”, “improvement” ( improvement).

As the experience of corporations that have adopted the practice of the Japanese shows, after eliminating all inconsistencies, optimal working conditions are created, productivity increases, injuries and the number of occupational diseases decrease, corporate culture rises, the quality of main and auxiliary operations improves, and the negative impact on the environment decreases. Russian corporations are also adopting the 5S method. Thus, Russian Railways began to apply this method as part of the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) in accordance with the international standard ISO-9000.

Industrial aesthetics defines the requirements for introducing an artistic principle into the environment in which people work. She is meant to evoke positive emotions and improve human performance. Industrial aesthetics involves the appropriate external and internal design of buildings. Operating enterprises, during the construction of which aesthetic requirements were not observed at one time, should be subjected to reconstruction and modernization, taking into account modern requirements of industrial aesthetics.

The external design of buildings and structures provides for the rational architecture of their facades, roofs, gutters and cornices, walls and foundations, as well as entrances and entrances. The internal and external territory of the enterprise must also comply with the requirements of aesthetics: arrangement of convenient approaches and entrances to the enterprise, walkways, paved paths safe for pedestrians throughout the territory, landscaping of the territory, including the arrangement of lawns, flower beds; construction of fountains, pools, sculptural decorations, etc.

The interior of industrial premises or their internal design covers all those premises where workers spend time at work or relaxing: workshops, laboratories, departments, auxiliary services for industrial and domestic purposes, warehouses, rest rooms. When organizing the interior, first of all, it is necessary to proceed from labor safety, the convenience of the working posture (including the features visual perception). It is necessary to take into account the psychological needs of a person during work. Thus, it is psychologically necessary that a person in the workplace be able to see external environment, nature. In this regard, wherever it is permissible, instead of blank walls in buildings, it is advisable to arrange transparent stained-glass windows through which a view of greenery, trees, etc. would open.

Summary

Office space largely determines the perception of the company's philosophy. It is also very important that people who spend half their lives in the office identify with the company, its direction, its goals, and feel at home in the workplace. Only then will they be able to work with full dedication and as efficiently as possible. And the enterprise, taking care of the working conditions of its employees, will be able not only to protect itself from possible fines, but also to increase its income.

In accordance with Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878; 2009, No. 30, Art. 3732; 2011, No. 30, Art. 4586 ; 2013, No. 52, art. 6986) and subparagraph 5.2.28 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Labor and social protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 19, 2012 No. 610 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Article 3528), I order:

1. Approve the rules for labor protection maintenance and repair technological equipment according to the application.

2. This order comes into force three months after its official publication.

Application
to the order of the Ministry of Labor
and social protection of the Russian Federation
dated June 23, 2016 No. 310n

Labor protection rules
during placement, installation, maintenance and repair of process equipment

I. General provisions

1. Rules on labor protection during placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) establish state regulatory requirements for labor protection during the main technological operations and works related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of stationary machines, mechanisms, devices, instruments and other equipment used in the manufacture of industrial products (hereinafter referred to as technological equipment).

2. The requirements of the Rules are binding on employers - legal entities regardless of their organizational and legal forms and individuals (with the exception of employers - individuals who are not individual entrepreneurs) in the organization and implementation of work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of process equipment.

3. Responsibility for the implementation of the Rules rests with the employer.

Based on Rules and Requirements technical documentation organization-manufacturer of technological equipment, the employer develops instructions for labor protection, which are approved by the local normative act the employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or another authorized by employees engaged in work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment (hereinafter referred to as employees), a representative body (if any).

4. In the case of the use of materials, technological equipment and equipment, the performance of work, the requirements for safe use and the performance of which are not regulated by the Rules, one should be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection * (1), and the requirements of the technical (operational) ) documentation of the manufacturer.

5. The employer provides:

2) training of employees in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;

3) control over compliance by employees with the requirements of labor protection instructions.

6. When performing work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of process equipment (hereinafter referred to as work), workers may be exposed to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, including:

1) moving vehicles, lifting machines and mechanisms, moving materials;

2) moving parts of process equipment;

3) sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surface of process equipment;

4) falling objects (elements of technological equipment);

5) increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area;

6) increased or decreased temperature of the surfaces of process equipment;

7) increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;

8) increased noise level at the workplace;

9) increased level of vibration;

10) high or low air humidity;

11) increased or decreased air mobility;

12) an increased value of voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the body of the worker;

13) increased level of static electricity;

14) increased level of electromagnetic radiation;

15) increased electric field strength;

16) increased magnetic field strength;

17) absence or insufficiency of natural light;

18) insufficient illumination of the working area;

20) the location of jobs at a considerable height relative to the surface of the earth (floor);

21) chemical production factors;

22) psychophysiological production factors.

7. When organizing the performance of work related to the impact on employees of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, the employer is obliged to take measures to eliminate them or reduce them to the levels of permissible exposure established by the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts.

If it is impossible to exclude or reduce the levels of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors to the levels of permissible impact due to the nature and conditions of the production process, it is prohibited to carry out work without providing workers with appropriate personal and collective protective equipment.

8. The employer has the right to establish additional safety requirements in the performance of work that improve the working conditions of employees.

II. Occupational safety requirements for the organization of work

9. Employees who have been trained in labor protection and tested their knowledge of labor protection requirements in the prescribed manner * (2) are allowed to perform work.

When organizing the performance of work for which additional (increased) labor protection requirements are imposed, the employer ensures that employees' knowledge of labor protection requirements is tested at least once every twelve months, as well as they undergo repeated training on labor protection at least once every three months. The list of professions, positions of employees and types of work that are subject to additional (increased) labor protection requirements is approved by the local regulatory act of the employer.

The employer ensures that the employees pass the mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations in due course*(3).

On separate works with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, the use of women's labor is limited. Lists of jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, in which the use of women's labor is limited, are approved in the prescribed manner * (7).

It is prohibited to use the labor of persons under the age of eighteen years in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions. The lists of jobs where it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under the age of eighteen are approved in accordance with the established procedure * (5).

10. Employees must be provided with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment (hereinafter - PPE) in the prescribed manner * (6).

At the conclusion employment contract the employer is obliged to ensure that employees are informed about the PPE they are entitled to, and employees are obliged to correctly apply the PPE issued to them in the prescribed manner.

11. Work and rest regimes of employees are established by the rules of internal work schedule and other local regulations of the employer in accordance with labor legislation.

12. According to the established standards, the employer must equip sanitary facilities, rooms for eating, rooms for providing medical care, rooms for rest during working hours and psychological unloading, organized first aid posts, equipped with first aid kits *( 7), devices (devices) were installed to provide workers of hot shops and sites with carbonated salt water.

13. The employer ensures the investigation, registration, registration and accounting of accidents that have occurred with employees in the prescribed manner * (8).

III. Labor protection requirements for the territory of the organization, for production buildings (structures), production premises (production sites) and organization of workplaces

Labor protection requirements for the territory of the organization, for industrial buildings (structures) and industrial premises (production sites)

14. The employer must develop a scheme for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the territory of the organization.

The scheme of movement of vehicles and pedestrians should be posted in front of the entrance and entrance to the territory of the organization.

15. The territory of the organization in the dark must be illuminated.

16. On the territory of the organization in places where explosive and fire hazardous industries are located, the vapors and gases of which are heavier than air, it is prohibited to construct channels, unfilled trenches that can serve as a place for the accumulation of vapors and gases.

It is allowed to install pits covered with removable gratings with a depth of not more than 0.8 m and trays with a depth of not more than 0.4 m for collecting and discharging storm water.

17. Trenches, underground communications on the territory of the organization must be closed or fenced. Warning inscriptions and signs should be installed on the fences, and at night - signal lighting.

In places of transition through trenches, pits, ditches, transitional bridges with a width of at least 1 m should be installed, fenced on both sides with railings with a height of at least 1.1 m, with solid sheathing along the bottom to a height of 0.15 m and with an additional fencing bar for height of 0.5 m from the flooring.

18. Wells and technological tanks located on the territory of the organization must be closed. Temporarily open wells and technological tanks must have fences with a height of at least 1.1 m.

19. Production buildings (structures) and production premises (production sites) must comply with the requirements federal law dated December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ " Technical regulation on the safety of buildings and structures "* (9).

20. Entrances and exits, passages and driveways both inside industrial buildings (structures) and industrial premises (production sites), and outside on the territory adjacent to them must be free and equipped with lighting for the safe movement of workers and the passage of vehicles.

It is forbidden to obstruct passages and driveways or use them for placing goods.

21. External exits of industrial buildings (structures) must be equipped with vestibules or air-thermal curtains.

22. Passages, stairs, platforms and railings to them must be kept in good condition.

For the period of repair, a temporary fence should be installed instead of the removed railings. Railings and floorings, removed during the repair, after its completion must be installed in place.

Walkways, stairs and platform decks located on outdoors, in winter, must be cleared of snow and ice and sprinkled with anti-slip agents.

23. In industrial premises, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures of the floor (cover) must be at least 2.2 m, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding parts of communications and equipment in places of regular passage of workers and on evacuation routes - at least 2 m, and in places of irregular passage of workers - at least 1.8 m.

24. The boundaries of transport passages inside the production premises (if this is an integral part of the production process) must be marked on the floor with lines of at least 50 mm wide, made with white or yellow indelible paint, or using recessed metal checkers, or in another way that provides safety of restrictive lines during the production process.

Boundary lines should not be drawn closer than 0.5 m to the process equipment and walls of production facilities.

25. The width of the passages inside the production premises must correspond to the dimensions of vehicles or transported goods.

The distance from the borders of the roadway to the structural elements of the building and equipment must be at least 0.5 m, and when employees move, at least 0.8 m.

26. Intra-shop rail tracks should be laid flush with the floor.

27. Channels, pits and other recesses in the floor of industrial premises must be covered with strong ceilings (slabs), and open recesses and platforms protruding more than 0.3 m above the floor level must be protected by railings with a height of at least 1.1 m .

28. Holes in the floor for the passage of drive belts, conveyors must have minimum dimensions and be protected by boards with a height of at least 0.2 m, regardless of the presence of a common fence. In cases where, under the terms technological process channels, gutters and trenches cannot be closed; they are protected by railings with a height of at least 1.1 m with sheathing along the bottom to a height of at least 0.15 m from the floor.

29. Lifting and transport vehicles (cranes, overhead cranes, telphers, hoists, winches) must be provided in the production facilities for the performance of work on the repair of technological equipment.

To lift a load to a height of more than 6 m, as well as with a runway length of more than 18 m, it is necessary to use electric crane equipment.

For lifting and moving technological equipment weighing up to 0.3 tons, it is allowed to use rigging tools and devices (jacks, metal racks, rollers, connectors, carabiners, chains, cables).

30. In industrial premises with crane equipment, places for installation sites must be allocated. The dimensions of the mounting sites should provide passages with a width of at least 0.7 m around the crane equipment installed on the mounting sites in the service area.

31. In industrial premises where liquids accumulate due to working conditions, the floors must be made of waterproof materials, impervious to liquids, and have the necessary slope and drainage channels. Channels in the floors for draining liquids or laying pipelines are blocked with solid or lattice covers at the same level as the floor.

32. Artificial lighting of industrial premises should consist of two systems: general (uniform or localized) and combined (local lighting is added to general lighting). The use of only local lighting is prohibited.

33. In order to open, install in the required position and close the sashes of window and lantern covers or other opening devices in industrial premises, devices should be provided that are easily controlled from the floor or from work platforms.

Labor protection requirements for the organization of workplaces

34. When organizing workplaces, labor protection of employees is ensured by:

1) protection of workers from exposure to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors;

2) rational placement of technological equipment in production premises and outside them: ensuring a safe distance between equipment, equipment and walls, columns, a safe width of aisles and driveways;

3) convenient and safe handling of materials, blanks, semi-finished products;

4) regular maintenance and repair

technological equipment, tools and fixtures;

5) protection of workers from adverse meteorological factors.

35. Workplaces should be located:

1) at the maximum distance from the process equipment that generates harmful and (or) dangerous production factors;

2) outside the line of movement of goods transported with the help of lifting equipment.

Workplaces located in the open air outside the production premises must be equipped with canopies or shelters to protect workers from precipitation.

36. The layout of the workplace should provide free passage and access for workers to the consoles and controls of technological equipment, convenience and safety of actions when performing production operations, as well as the possibility of quick evacuation of workers in the event of an emergency.

37. Technological equipment serviced by several workers or having a significant length must have a starting device in only one place on the control panel. Devices for stopping equipment should be at all workplaces.

38. Control panels for technological equipment and instrumentation should be located in an easily accessible place.

39. For maintenance of fittings and mechanisms of technological equipment that do not have remote control, as well as instrumentation and control devices located above the floor at a height of more than 1.8 m, stationary metal platforms with railings with a height of at least 0.9 m with solid sheathing along the bottom with a height of at least 0.1 m.

The width of the free passage of the platforms should be at least 0.8 m.

Stairs to the platforms must be equipped with handrails and have an angle of inclination:

permanently operated - no more than 45 °;

used periodically - no more than 60 °.

Ladders and landings must be made of corrugated metal.

The use of smooth platforms and steps of stairs, as well as their execution from bar (round) steel is prohibited.

40. Platforms intended for maintenance of technological equipment must have a height from the flooring to the structural elements of the production facility of at least 2.0 m. In galleries, tunnels and overpasses, the specified height may be reduced to 1.8 m.

The requirements of this paragraph also apply to sites intended for passage through equipment or communications.

41. Workplaces, depending on the type of work, are equipped with workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets, tool cabinets for convenient placement of materials, equipment, blanks, finished products, storage of tools and fixtures and safe performance of work.

The location of workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets, tool cabinets at the workplace should not hamper the actions of workers and prevent the movement of workers during operation, Maintenance and repair of technological equipment.

42. The minimum width of single passages to workplaces and at workplaces, taking into account protruding parts of process equipment, must be at least 0.6 m.

All moving, rotating and protruding parts of process equipment and auxiliary mechanisms must be securely guarded or located so that the possibility of injury to workers is excluded.

43. When performing work in the “sitting” position, comfortable chairs and stools should be installed at each workplace.

When performing work in a “standing” position, workplaces must be provided with chairs for workers to rest during breaks.

44. Materials and blanks must be delivered for processing in a special container and located at the workplace separately from the tool.

Released containers and packaging materials must be promptly removed from workplaces to storage facilities specially designated for this purpose.

Cluttering of workplaces, as well as passages and driveways with materials, equipment, blanks, finished products, production waste and packaging is prohibited.

45. Materials, equipment, blanks, finished goods, stacked on racks or on tables, should not protrude beyond their dimensions. For small parts and blanks, special containers should be provided.

For convenience and safe use of hoisting mechanisms in the production process, when laying material, long workpieces and products, gaskets should be used.

46. ​​When organizing workplaces and performing work using tools and fixtures, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Labor Protection Rules when working with tools and fixtures * (10).

47. To move heavy materials, equipment, blanks and finished products at the workplace, lifting devices and mechanisms must be provided.

48. The organization of workplaces should ensure the possibility of their daily cleaning.

Cleaning of workplaces from dust, sawdust, shavings should be done with the help of brushes or with the use of vacuum (dust suction) installations.

Application compressed air for cleaning workplaces, for blowing parts (products), technological equipment and clothing is prohibited.

49. Work areas related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be provided with fire fighting equipment and equipment for protecting production facilities in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Prevention Regulations in the Russian Federation * (11).

IV. Labor protection requirements for the performance of work (implementation of production processes)

General requirements

50. Work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection, and the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

51. When performing work with the use of hoisting machines, the requirements of the Safety Rules for hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures * (12) must be observed.

In cases of application manual labor women and workers under the age of eighteen must comply with the established norms of maximum permissible loads when lifting and moving heavy loads by hand * (13).

52. Work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of heat-producing and heat-consuming process equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (14).

53. When performing electric welding and gas welding work, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Rules for labor protection when performing electric welding and gas welding work * (15).

54. Work on live parts of technological equipment, as well as work in existing electrical installations, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (16).

55. When performing work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment used in woodworking, the requirements of the Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work * (17) must be met.

56. Work performed using scaffolding, scaffolding, mobile scaffolding, ladders and ladders must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for labor protection when working at height * (18).

57. When performing work at height, the tools and devices used must be placed in portable tool boxes or bags.

The descent of materials and any objects must be carried out along specially arranged gutters, descents or with a rope.

Throwing down materials and any objects is prohibited.

58. Work with increased danger in the process of placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be carried out in accordance with the work permit for the production of work with increased danger (hereinafter referred to as the work permit), issued by officials authorized by the employer in accordance with the recommended sample , provided for in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules.

The work permit determines the content, place, time and conditions for the production of work with increased danger, the necessary security measures, the composition of the team and the workers responsible for the organization and safe production of work.

The procedure for the performance of work with increased danger, the issuance of a work permit and the duties of officials authorized by the employer responsible for the organization and safe performance of work, are established by the local regulatory act of the employer.

59. Works with increased danger, for the production of which a work permit is issued, include:

1) earthworks in the area of ​​underground power networks, gas pipelines, oil pipelines and other underground utilities and facilities;

2) work related to the dismantling (collapse) of buildings and structures, as well as the strengthening and restoration of emergency parts and elements of buildings and structures;

3) installation and dismantling of technological equipment;

4) performance of installation and repair work in the immediate vicinity of open moving parts of operating equipment, as well as near electrical wires under voltage;

5) installation and repair work performed in the conditions of existing production facilities of one division of the organization by the forces of another division (combined work);

6) installation and repair work at a height of more than 1.8 m from the floor level without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding;

7) repair of steam and hot water pipelines of technological equipment;

8) work in confined spaces, in confined spaces;

9) electric welding and gas welding works in closed tanks, in tanks, in pits, in wells, in tunnels;

10) work on testing pressure vessels;

11) work on cleaning and repairing air ducts, filters and fans of exhaust ventilation systems of premises where strong chemical and other hazardous substances are stored;

12) work on the maintenance and repair of electrical installations on cable or overhead power lines, installation work with cranes near overhead power lines;

13) carrying out gas hazardous work;

14) carrying out hot work in fire hazardous and explosive premises;

15) repair of load-lifting machines (except wheeled and caterpillar self-propelled), crane bogies, crane runways;

16) repair of rotating mechanisms;

17) work in places dangerous in terms of gas contamination, explosion hazard, damage electric shock and with restricted visitation access;

18) thermal insulation work, application of anti-corrosion coatings;

19) carrying out repair work on heat-producing and heat-consuming installations, heat networks and other heat equipment.

60. The list of work performed under work permits is approved by the employer and may be supplemented by him.

61. Issued and issued work permits are taken into account in the journal, in which it is recommended to reflect the following information:

1) the name of the subdivision;

2) the number of the work permit;

3) the date of issue of the work permit;

4) short description work on the side-admission;

5) the period for which the work permit was issued;

6) the names and initials of the officials who issued and received the work permit, certified by their signatures indicating the date of signing;

7) the surname and initials of the official who received the work permit closed for the performance of work, certified by his signature indicating the date of receipt.

62. Works of the same name with increased danger, carried out on an ongoing basis and performed by a permanent staff of workers in similar conditions, it is allowed to produce without issuing a work permit according to the labor protection instructions approved for each type of work with increased danger.

63. For work in electrical installations, a work permit is drawn up in the form established by the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations * (19).

64. Depending on the characteristics of the organization and the nature of the work performed with increased danger, a work permit may be issued in accordance with the Federal Norms and Rules in the field of industrial safety "Regulations on the use of work permits when performing work of increased danger at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry" * (20).

65. To carry out electric and gas welding works outside permanent welding posts at temporary places (except construction sites) the employer or the person responsible for fire safety issues a work permit for the performance of hot work in the form established by the Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation * (21).

66. When work is performed by third-party (contractor) organizations, responsible representatives of the customer and the contractor must draw up for the entire period of performance of work an act of admission for the performance of work on the territory of the organization in accordance with the recommended model provided for in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules, develop and implement organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring the safety of the specified works, as well as the safe operation of operating process equipment.

67. The head of the organization (contractor) performing the work is responsible for compliance with the requirements of the Rules and the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

Labor protection requirements for the placement of technological equipment and ensuring the collective protection of workers

68. When designing production processes and making a decision on the placement of specific process equipment for each production facility, the employer must identify and take into account harmful and (or) dangerous production factors that can be generated by process equipment during production processes and in emergency situations.

69. When placing technological equipment, it is necessary to ensure the grouping of equipment with similar generated harmful and (or) hazardous production factors.

Technological equipment, during the operation of which there is a release of harmful, flammable and explosive substances (dust, gases, vapors), should be installed in isolated rooms equipped with general exchange supply and exhaust and local exhaust ventilation.

If production sites with different sanitary and hygienic conditions are located in the same production room, measures should be taken to prevent the spread of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors throughout the production room.

70. Technological equipment should be located in production facilities in accordance with the general direction of the main cargo flow. The placement of process equipment should ensure the safety and convenience of its installation (dismantling), maintenance and repair.

71. Placement of technological equipment above auxiliary and residential buildings and premises and under them is not allowed.

72. Stationary technological equipment must be installed on solid foundations or foundations.

When constructing foundations, placing equipment on them, preparing foundation bolts, it is necessary to be guided by project documentation, as well as the requirements of the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

It is allowed to use non-foundation installation of equipment on vibration-damping supports.

73. The arrangement of technological equipment must be carried out in accordance with the technological planning approved by the employer or another official authorized by the employer, subject to the standards process design.

74. The technological layout displays:

1) contours and dimensions of production sites, building elements (columns, partitions, door and window openings, gates, channels, hatches, wells, ladders);

2) overall contours and dimensions of the technological equipment located on the production areas, platforms for its maintenance (tables, tool cabinets, racks), lifting and transport devices;

3) places for storing materials, blanks, equipment, finished products and production waste;

4) contours and dimensions of passages and driveways.

75. Any rearrangement of existing technological equipment should be displayed on technological layouts.

76. The distances between the technological equipment, between the equipment and walls, columns of industrial premises should be established depending on the specific conditions of the production process and should be:

1) not less than 0.6 m - for small equipment (with plan dimensions up to 1.5 x 1.0 m);

2) not less than 0.7 m - for medium-sized equipment (with plan dimensions up to 4.0 x 3.5 m);

3) for large equipment (with plan dimensions up to 8.0 x 6.0 m): from walls - at least 1.0 m, from columns - at least 0.9 m;

4) for technological furnaces: from walls - not less than 1.2 m, from columns - not less than 1.0 m.

77. When installing technological equipment on an individual foundation, the distances from the equipment to walls and columns should be taken into account taking into account the configuration of adjacent foundations.

78. When servicing equipment with lifting structures (overhead cranes), its placement (distance from walls and columns) should be carried out taking into account the provision of safe maintenance by lifting structures.

79. The distance between the controls of adjacent technological equipment controlled by one operator must exclude the possibility of erroneous switching on of the control of adjacent equipment.

80. The width of the main aisles along the service front and between the rows of technological equipment in the presence of permanent jobs should be at least 1.5 m.

The main passages along the service front of control panels must be at least 2.0 m wide.

81. During multi-machine maintenance, technological equipment should be placed taking into account the maximum possible reduction in distances between workplaces.

82. When placing technological equipment, the width of the passages should be taken into account the dimensions of the vehicles used or the goods being transported.

83. The placement of technological equipment in industrial premises should ensure the possibility of safe evacuation of workers in case of emergency.

84. To protect workers from the effects of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, in addition to PPE, collective protective equipment should be used to protect any employee (group of workers) located (located) in the work area.

The means of collective protection include means that are structurally or functionally associated with the production process or technological equipment.

85. Collective protective equipment provides protection for workers:

1) from the impact of mechanical factors (protective, safety and braking devices; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

2) against electric shock (protective devices; automatic control and signaling devices; insulating devices and coatings; protective grounding and zeroing devices; devices automatic shutdown; potential equalization and voltage reduction devices; remote control devices; safety devices; lightning rods and arresters);

3) against falling from a height (fences, protective nets);

4) from an increased noise level (soundproofing, sound-absorbing devices; noise silencers; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

5) from an increased level of vibration (protective devices; vibration isolating, vibration damping and vibration absorbing devices; remote control devices for automatic control and signaling);

6) from an increased level of static electricity (grounding, shielding, moisturizing devices; neutralizers, anti-electrostatic substances);

7) from low or high temperatures of the surfaces of equipment, materials and workpieces (protective, thermally insulating and shielding devices; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

8) from high or low air temperatures and temperature fluctuations (protective and thermal insulating devices; devices for heating and cooling; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

9) from an increased level of ultrasound (protective, soundproof and sound-absorbing devices; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

10) from an increased level of ionizing radiation (protective devices, sealing and protective coatings; devices for trapping and purifying air and liquids; decontamination devices; automatic control devices; remote control devices; means of protection during transportation and temporary storage of radioactive substances; containers for radioactive waste) ;

11) from an increased level of infrared radiation (protective, sealing, heat-insulating and ventilation devices; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

12) from an increased level of electromagnetic radiation (protective devices, sealing and protective coatings; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

13) from increased intensity of electromagnetic fields (protective devices, insulating and protective coatings; protective grounding devices);

14) from an increased level of laser radiation (protective and safety devices; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

15) from the impact of chemical factors (protective, sealing devices; devices for ventilation and air purification, for the removal of toxic substances; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

16) from impact biological factors(protective and sealing devices; equipment and preparations for disinfection, disinsection, sterilization, deratization; devices for ventilation and air purification; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling).

86. Installation (application) of means of collective protection of workers is carried out by the employer depending on specific harmful and (or) dangerous production factors on the basis of design decisions adopted in accordance with regulatory legal acts and technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

87. Collective protective equipment also includes signal colors, safety signs and signal markings in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001 “SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings "* (22) (published in the IUS "National Standards", No. 10, 2005).

88. Safety signs must be clearly visible and distinguishable, not distract the attention of workers and not interfere with the performance of production operations.

Signal colors are used to designate surfaces, structures, fixtures, assemblies and elements of process equipment that are sources of danger to workers, to designate protective devices, fences and interlocks, as well as for safety signs, signal markings, marking escape routes and other visual means of ensuring safety. workers.

Signal marking is carried out on the surface of building structures, elements of buildings, structures, vehicles, equipment and is used in places where there are dangers and obstacles.

Labor protection requirements during the installation of technological equipment

89. Before starting work on the installation of technological equipment, the places for the passage of vehicles, movement installation technology and the passage of workers, the boundaries of hazardous areas and the necessary fences have been established, safety signs and warning notices have been posted.

At night, driveways, walkways and workplaces in the production area installation work should be illuminated.

90. Mounting openings for mounted technological equipment, channels, trenches, ditches, foundation wells must be closed (covered) with removable wooden shields. If necessary, railings or barriers should be installed.

91. In order to prevent workers from falling, installation openings in technological basements and deep pits in foundations must be fenced with inventory protective barriers or covered with solid flooring.

92. Units and parts of process equipment during installation must be securely fastened with appropriate fixtures, clamps, spacers.

Units and parts temporarily placed in the installation area must be stored on stands at least 0.1 m high or on special racks.

93. Installation of heavy-weight technological equipment in the design position using one or two cranes should be carried out under the direct supervision of the installation manager.

94. It is forbidden to perform any work on (or under) process equipment if it is in an elevated position and supported by winches, jacks and other lifting mechanisms.

95. When performing high-altitude assembly and assembly operations, those parts of process equipment that will be mounted at a height must be cleaned of dirt, snow or ice and foreign objects before lifting. Mounting joints and butt elements must be cleaned of rust, oils, burrs.

The fastening systems of individual assemblies and parts must be checked in order to prevent the fall of assemblies and parts.

96. If the installation of technological equipment is carried out on the territory of the operated production unit, then the head of the installation work must develop and coordinate with the management of the production unit measures for the safe performance of installation work.

97. Installation of technological equipment in production units where there is a possibility of the release of explosive gases must be carried out using a tool made of non-ferrous metals or coated with copper. When installing technological equipment in such conditions, it is prohibited:

1) use an open fire to warm up various components and parts in the cold season (it is allowed to heat the components and parts in the cold season only with warm water or steam);

2) use tools, mechanisms and fixtures that can cause sparking, as well as throw tools, metal parts and other spark-producing objects onto the surface of the mounted technological equipment;

3) leave oiled rags and other cleaning material at the workplace after completion of work (it is necessary to clean it in a metal box installed in a specially designated place);

4) use special shoes with spark-forming metal linings, lined with metal horseshoes or metal nails.

98. It is forbidden to use oiled rags and gaskets when performing the installation of oxygen installations. The tool used in the installation of oxygen installations must be thoroughly degreased.

99. Technological equipment that is a source of increased vibration should be installed on vibration isolators or vibration-damping supports in a separate room, on vibration-absorbing bases (vibration-isolating pads) or on separate massive foundations isolated from neighboring building structures.

100. When installing technological equipment that is a source of increased noise level, it is necessary to provide for the installation of silencers on air ducts and air intake chambers, the compressor suction pipe, insulation of suction pipes and air ducts, as well as soft inserts and soft gaskets on air ducts.

The most noisy equipment (compressors, blowers, pumps, fans) should be located in isolated rooms.

101. Auxiliary equipment of gas compressors and vacuum pumps must be installed not lower than the zero mark. Gas compressors must be arranged in one row.

The location of the compressors should provide free access for cleaning and replacing the tubes of the end and intermediate coolers.

102. Pumps must be installed in such a way as to ensure the minimum length of suction lines.

The location of the pumps should ensure the possibility of collecting and draining fluid from the stuffing boxes during operation, as well as during repairs and flushing of the pumps.

In cases where stuffing box seals are cooled with water, water drainage must be provided from all types of process equipment.

The piping of the pumps during their installation should be carried out in such a way as to provide free access for packing stuffing boxes and carrying out repair work.

103. Pumps for pumping flammable and combustible liquids when servicing a production flow may be located in a common production room, and when pumping liquids from a warehouse to a production shop or for shipment from a shop - in separate isolated rooms.

104. Pipelines adjacent to process equipment should not be rigidly attached to building structures or should have appropriate compensating devices.

When installing technological equipment, technological pipelines passing through walls and ceilings should be passed in steel sleeves from pipes whose inner diameter is 10–20 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline (taking into account its thermal insulation).

The gap between the pipeline and the sleeve at both ends must be filled with a non-combustible material that allows the pipeline to move along its longitudinal axis.

105. Supporting structures for fastening air ducts of ventilation systems must be reliable, made of non-combustible materials, not cause or transmit vibrations.

Local suctions must be attached to non-vibrating or least vibrating elements of process equipment.

106. Technological equipment serviced with the help of hoisting mechanisms should be installed in the zone of approach of the hook of the mechanism. In the same area, sites for the installation of transported equipment parts should be provided.

107. When installing stationary conveyors in production and storage buildings, galleries, tunnels, on overpasses along their route, passages for safe maintenance and repair, as well as places for mechanized cleaning of spillage or fallen cargo, should be provided on both sides.

108. Heating furnaces should be installed in such a way that the workers serving them are not exposed to the heat flow from the loading windows simultaneously from two or more furnaces and the need to transfer the heated metal to the deforming technological equipment along the aisles and driveways is eliminated.

Ovens-baths should not be located under skylights in order to prevent drops of water condensing on the lights from getting into the product.

109. Technological equipment, pipelines, air ducts and fittings not used in the implementation of production processes as a result of a change technological scheme or for other reasons, must be dismantled.

110. After completion of the installation work, it is necessary to check the presence and serviceability of all protective and safety devices and alarm systems included in the design of the process equipment.

Occupational safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of technological equipment

111. Maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be carried out in accordance with the developed technological regulations (operating instructions, technological maps, projects for the organization and production of repair work), which establish the order and sequence of work, the necessary devices and tools, as well as determine the officials responsible for their implementation.

112. The employer must provide employees involved in the maintenance and repair of technological equipment with the necessary set of serviceable tools, appropriate fixtures and materials.

113. Process equipment and communications stopped for maintenance or repair must be disconnected from steam, water and process pipelines, gas ducts. Plugs must be installed on pipelines; technological equipment and communications must be freed from technological materials.

Maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be carried out when the propulsion (power) plant is not in operation, with the exception of operations that cannot be performed when the propulsion (power) plant is not in operation. When performing repair work, it is allowed to supply electricity in accordance with the project for the organization and production of work, approved by the employer.

The electrical circuits of the drives of the stopped technological equipment must be disassembled, prohibitory signs are posted on the starting devices: “Do not turn on! People are working”, as well as measures have been taken to exclude erroneous or spontaneous activation of starting devices.

114. If there are toxic or explosive gases, vapors or dust in the process equipment, it must be purged, followed by an analysis of the air environment for the residual content of harmful and (or) hazardous substances.

Control analyzes of the air environment must be carried out periodically during maintenance or repair.

115. It is forbidden to carry out maintenance in the immediate vicinity of unprotected moving and rotating parts and parts of related process equipment, electrical wires and live parts under voltage.

116. When carrying out work on the repair of technological equipment, its assembly and disassembly, the place of repair work (repair site) must be fenced off. Safety signs, posters and signaling devices should be posted on the fences.

The dimensions of the repair sites must correspond to the dimensions of the units and parts of equipment, materials, fixtures and tools placed on them, as well as provide for the arrangement of safe passages and driveways.

It is forbidden to clutter up the repair site, aisles and driveways.

117. During the performance of repair work in areas with air temperatures above 32 ° C, mobile air-dusting installations should be provided.

118. For lifting and moving process equipment, assemblies and parts, hoisting equipment and devices should be provided.

119. Disconnected round or long parts of the repaired equipment must be placed on special stands or racks.

120. When chopping, cutting metal, refueling and sharpening tools, it is necessary to work with the use of appropriate PPE.

121. Shavings, sawdust and cuttings of metal during repair work should be removed with brushes, scrapers, hooks.

It is forbidden to blow off shavings, sawdust and scraps of metal with compressed air.

122. Pressing out and pressing bushings, bearings and other parts with a tight fit should be carried out using presses and special devices.

123. To check the alignment of the holes of the parts, special mandrels should be used.

It is forbidden to check the alignment of the holes of the parts with your fingers.

124. Maintenance of electrical installations, including those that are part of process equipment, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (23).

Workers allowed to maintain electrical equipment must have an appropriate electrical safety group.

125. When repairing equipment in explosive premises, it is prohibited to use open fire and use mechanisms and devices that cause sparking.

126. Work on the repair of technological equipment in which poisonous or toxic substances were located must be carried out using appropriate PPE after the removal (neutralization) of toxic or toxic substances.

127. Ladders and scaffolds used for repair work must be in good condition, not have breaks, cracks and deformations.

Ladders installed on smooth surfaces must have bases upholstered in rubber, and those installed on the ground must have sharp metal tips.

Ladders must be securely supported by their upper ends on a solid support.

When installing ladders at a height on the elements of metal structures, it is necessary to securely attach the top and bottom of the ladder to the metal structures. Lean ladders must be tested and tagged accordingly.

During maintenance and repair of electrical installations, it is prohibited to use metal ladders.

128. When performing repair work at a height of two tiers or more, strong ceilings must be arranged between the tiers or nets must be hung to prevent materials, parts or tools from falling on workers.

129. Upon completion of the repair of technological equipment and communications, it is necessary to make sure that no materials, tools and other foreign objects remain inside the technological equipment and communications.

130. A trial run of technological equipment after repair must be carried out by employees who have the right to operate this equipment in the presence of the head of the repair work and an official appointed by the order of the employer responsible for the safe operation of the equipment.

V. Labor protection requirements during transportation (movement) and storage of technological equipment, components and consumables

Labor protection requirements during transportation (movement) of technological equipment, components and consumables

131. When transporting (moving) technological equipment, components and Supplies one should be guided by the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer and the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (24).

132. To ensure cargo flows in the organization, access roads and driveways must be arranged that correspond to the dimensions of the vehicles used and the goods transported, equipped with the necessary handling equipment to ensure loading and unloading operations.

133. When transporting technological equipment, components and consumables, it is necessary to ensure the safety of transport communications.

134. The security of transport communications is ensured by:

1) development of transport and technological schemes;

2) organization of traffic in the territory in accordance with the scheme of movement of vehicles and pedestrians;

3) installation of road signs and signs.

135. In order to avoid shifting or falling of cargo when the vehicle is moving, the cargo must be placed and secured in accordance with specifications for loading and securing this type of cargo.

Maneuvering of vehicles with loads after removal of fastenings from loads is prohibited.

136. Appropriate packaging should be used for transportation of small components of the same type and consumables.

137. When transporting goods in glass containers, measures must be taken to prevent shocks and impacts.

138. The supply of motor transport in reverse in the area where loading and unloading operations are carried out must be carried out by the driver only at the command of one of the workers employed in these works.

139. In industrial premises with a high level of noise, it should be possible for workers to timely determine sound or light signals given by moving vehicles.

140. Transportation of large-sized and heavy-weight technological equipment by road on roads open for public use must be carried out in compliance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (25).

141. Tank trucks carrying flammable and combustible liquids must be equipped with grounding, fire extinguishing equipment, marked in accordance with the degree of danger of the cargo, and exhaust pipes must be led under the radiator and equipped with spark arresters.

142. When operating auto-loaders and electric loaders, the requirements established by the authorized federal executive body * (26) must be observed.

143. In industrial premises with heavy traffic, preference should be given to means of continuous transport (conveyors, conveyors).

144. Moving and rotating parts of conveyors and conveyors, to which workers can have access, must be protected.

145. When using mounted conveyors for transporting goods at a height of more than 2 m, protective devices must be installed under the conveyor to ensure the safety of workers in the event of an accidental fall of the load.

Occupational safety requirements for the storage of process equipment, components and consumables

146. Storage of process equipment, components and consumables should include:

1) the use of storage methods that exclude the occurrence of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors;

2) use secure devices for storage; mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations.

147. Storage of components and consumables must be carried out taking into account their fire hazard. physical and chemical properties, signs of compatibility and uniformity of fire extinguishing agents.

148. When placing technological equipment, components, consumables, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods * (27).

149. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids, combustible and explosive materials must be carried out in compliance with the Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation * (28).

150. Combustible materials of exothermic mixtures must be stored in warehouses specially designed for this purpose, which meet the requirements of fire safety and explosion safety.

151. In rooms where chemicals and solutions are stored, instructions for their safe handling should be posted.

152. Refractory materials and products must be stored in closed warehouses. In open areas, refractory materials may only be stored in containers.

153. Powder, powder materials should be stored in closed containers (boxes, tubes, bags).

154. Bulk materials should be stored in bins with an angle of repose.

155. Dies, molds, flasks, molds, ingots, forgings must be stored in stacks in compliance with the established dimensions of the stacks, depending on the nature of the stored products, their rows and gaps between the stacks.

Large and medium sized dies should be placed in specially designated areas on wooden pads, providing sufficient clearance for removable load-handling devices or forklift forklift.

156. Details and products during storage must be installed in a stable position.

157. The place of waste storage must be fenced with a solid fence with a height of at least 0.5 m.

158. Components and small parts should be placed in special containers on racks serviced by a stacker crane.

159. Chemicals should be stored in tightly closed containers in specially designated and equipped places.

160. Storage of clean and used cleaning material in production facilities should be carried out separately in metal boxes closed with lids.

Boxes with used cleaning material should be emptied as they are filled, but at least once per shift.

The use of cleaning material made of synthetic and artificial fibers in the premises of explosive industries is prohibited.

VI. Final provisions

161. Federal state supervision over compliance with the requirements of the Rules is carried out by officials Federal Service on labor and employment and its territorial bodies (state labor inspectorates in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) * (29).

162. Heads and other officials of organizations, as well as employers - individuals guilty of violating the requirements of the Rules are held liable in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation * (30).

_____________________________

*(1) Article 211 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878; 2009, No. 30, Art. 3732).

*(2) Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the Ministry of Education of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 1/29 “On approval of the Procedure for training in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements for employees of organizations” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 12, 2003, registration No. 4209 ).

*(3) Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n “On Approval of the Lists of Harmful and (or) Hazardous Production Factors and Works, During the Performance of Which Mandatory Preliminary and Periodic Medical Examinations (Examinations) Are Conducted, and the Procedure for Conducting Mandatory Preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers employed in hard work and in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions ”(registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 21, 2011, registration No. 22111) as amended by orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated May 15, 2013 No. 296n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 3, 2013, registration No. 28970) and dated December 5, 2014 No. 801n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 3, 2015, registration No. 35848).

*(4) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 162 “On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in the performance of which the use of women’s labor is prohibited” (Sobranie Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2000, No. 10, article 1130).

*(8) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 163 “On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in the performance of which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 10, item 1131; 2001, No. 26, item 2685; 2011, No. 26, item 3803).

*(6) Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated June 1, 2009 No. 290n “On approval of the Intersectoral Rules for Providing Workers with Special Clothing, Special Footwear and Other Personal Protective Equipment” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on September 10, 2009, registration No. 14742), as amended, introduced by the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia of January 27, 2010 No. 28n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 1, 2010, registration No. 16530), orders of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of February 20, 2014 No. 103n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on May 15, 2014, registration No. 32284) and dated January 12, 2015 No. 2n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 11, 2015, registration No. 35962).

*(7) Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated March 5, 2011 No. 169n “On Approval of the Requirements for Completing First Aid Kits with Medical Devices for Providing First Aid to Employees” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 11, 2011, registration No. 20452).

*(8) Articles 227-231 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878; 2008, No. 30, Art. 3616; 2009, No. 19, 2270; 2011, No. 30, article 4590; 2013, No. 27, article 3477; 2015, No. 14, article 2022).

*(9) Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, No. 1, art. 5; 2013, no. 27, art. 3477.

*(10) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 17, 2015 No. 552n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection when working with tools and devices” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 2, 2015, registration No. 39125).

*(11) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 “On the fire regime” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 19, Art. 2415; 2014, No. 9, Art. 906, No. 26, Art. 3577; 2015, No. 11, item 1607; No. 46, item 6397; 2016, No. 15, item 2105).

*(12) Order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 12, 2013 No. 533 “On Approval of the Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety “Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Structures” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 31, 2013, registration No. 30992) as amended by Rostekhnadzor Order No. 146 dated April 12, 2016 (registered by the Russian Ministry of Justice on May 20, 2016, registration No. 42197);

* (13) Decree of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation of February 6, 1993 No. 105 "On new norms for maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving weights manually" (Collection of acts of the President and Government of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 7, Art. .566);

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 7, 1999 No. 7 “On approval of the Norms of maximum permissible loads for persons under eighteen years of age when lifting and moving weights manually” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 1, 1999, registration No. 1817).

*(14) Order of Rostekhnadzor dated March 25, 2014 No. 116 “On Approval of the Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety “Industrial Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Excessive Pressure Equipment” (registered by the Russian Ministry of Justice on May 19, 2014 city, registration number 32326);

order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated March 24, 2003 No. 115 “On approval of the Rules technical operation thermal power plants” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 2, 2003, registration No. 4358);

order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 17, 2015 No. 551n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of thermal power plants” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 5, 2015, registration No. 39138).

*(15) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated December 23, 2014 No. 1101n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection when performing electric and gas welding works” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 20, 2015, registration No. 36155).

*(16) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 12, 2013, registration No. 30593) as amended by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated February 19 2016 No. 74n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 13, 2016, registration No. 41781);

order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6 "On approval of the Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 22, 2003, registration No. 4145).

*(17) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 2, 2015 No. 835n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking and forestry operations” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 9, 2016, registration No. 41009).

*(18) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated March 28, 2014 No. 155n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection when working at height” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on September 5, 2014, registration No. 33990) as amended by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 17 June 2015 No. 383n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 22, 2015, registration No. 38119).

*(19) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations”.

*(20) Order of Rostekhnadzor dated January 18, 2012 No. 44 “On approval of the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Regulations on the use of work permits when performing work of increased danger at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia March 6, 2012, registration number 23411).

*(21) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime".

*(22) Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On safety of machinery and equipment" (TP CU 010/2011) (approved by the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of October 18, 2011 No. 823) as amended by the decisions of the Collegium of the Eurasian Economic Commission of December 4, 2012 No. 248 and dated May 19, 2015 No. 55.

* (23) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations”;

order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6 "On Approval of the Rules for the Technical Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations".

*(24) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 ​​“On approval of the Rules for the carriage of goods by road” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2011, No. 17, Art. 2407; 2012, No. 10, Art. 1223; 2014 , No. 3, item 281; 2015, No. 50, item 7162);

order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia of August 8, 1995 No. 73 "On approval of the Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 18, 1995, registration No. 997) as amended by orders of the Ministry of Transport of Russia of June 11, 1999 No. 37 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 8, 1999, registration No. 1826) and dated October 14, 1999 No. 77 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 28, 1999, registration No. 1960);

order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 17, 2014 No. 642n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on November 5, 2014, registration No. 34558).

*(25) Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 24, 2012 No. 258 “On Approval of the Procedure for Issuing a Special Permit for Driving on Motor Roads of a Vehicle Carrying out the Transportation of Heavy and (or) Bulky Goods” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 11, 2012, registration No. 25656) as amended by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated January 15, 2014 No. 7 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 5, 2014, registration No. 32585).

* (26) Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated May 12, 2003 No. 28 “On approval of the Intersectoral rules for labor protection at road transport” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 19, 2003, registration number 4734).

*(27) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 17, 2014 No. 642n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on November 5, 2014, registration No. 34558).

*(28) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime".

*(29) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 No. 324 “On Approval of the Regulations on the Federal Labor and Employment Service” (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2004, No. 28, Art. 2901; 2007, No. 37, Art. 4455; 2008, No. 46, article 5337; 2009, No. 1, article 146; No. 6, article 738; No. 33, article 4081; 2010, No. 26, article 3350; 2011, No. 14, article 1935; 2012, No. 1, item 171; No. 15, item 1790; No. 26, item 3529; 2013, No. 33, item 4385; No. 45, item 5822; 2014, No. 26, item 3577; No. 32, article 4499; 2015, No. 2, article 491; No. 16, article 2384; 2016, No. 2, article 325);

order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated May 26, 2015 No. 318n “On Approval of the Model Regulations on the Territorial Body of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 30, 2015, registration No. 37852).

*(30) Chapter 62 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878).

Application No. 1
to the Labor Protection Rules
during placement, installation, technical
maintenance and repair
technological equipment,
approved order
Ministry of Labor and
social protection of the Russian Federation
dated June 23, 2016 No. 310n

PERMIT N_____

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORKS WITH INCREASED DANGER

(name of company)

1.1. To the foreman of works _______________________________________________

(position, name of the unit, last name and initials) with a team in

consisting of ________ people are instructed to do the following work: _______

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________.

1.2. When preparing and performing work, ensure the following measures

security:

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________,

1.3. Start work: at ____ hour. ____ min. "_____" ___________ 20____

1.4. Finish work: at ____ hour. ____ min. "_____" ___________ 20____

1.5. The order was issued by the head of work ____________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(position title, surname and initials, signature)

1.6. Familiar with the working conditions

Foreman _________ "___" _______ 20___ ___________________

Allowing _________ "___" _______ 20___ ___________________

(signature) (surname and initials)

2.1. Briefing on labor protection in the scope of instructions ____________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(indicate the names or numbers of instructions on which the

briefing)

carried out by a team of ____________ people, including:

2.2. Measures to ensure the safety of work have been completed.

The foreman and members of the team are familiar with the features of the work.

The object is ready for work.

Allowing to work ________________ "_____" ____________ 20_____

(signature)

2.3. I got acquainted with the conditions of work and received a work permit.

(signature)

2.4. Checked the preparation of the workplace. I allow you to start

production of works.

(signature)

3. Registration of a daily permit for the production of work

3.2. Work completed, jobs removed, workers left

production works are withdrawn.

The work permit is closed at ______ hours. _______ min. "_____" _________ 20____

Foreman of works ________________ "_____" ____________ 20_____

(signature)

Work Manager ________________ "_____" ____________ 20_____

(signature)

Note.

The work permit is issued in two copies: the first is kept by

the employee who issued the work permit, the second - from the work manager.

Application No. 2
to the Labor Protection Rules
during placement, installation, technical
maintenance and repair
technological equipment,
approved order
Ministry of Labor and
social protection of the Russian Federation
dated June 23, 2016 No. 310n

ACT-PERMISSION

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORKS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

"______" ______________ 20____

________________________________________________________________________

(name of company)

1. We, the undersigned:

representative of the organization _______________________________________________,

representative of the contractor ______________________________________________,

(surname and initials, position)

have drawn up this certificate of admission as follows.

The organization provides a plot (territory) limited

coordinates ________________________________________________________________,

(name of axes, marks and drawing number)

for production on it ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(Name of works)

under the direction of technical staff- contractor's representative

next date: start "____" ____________________ 20___, end

"____" ___________________ 20____

2. Before starting work, the following must be done

measures to ensure the safety of work:

3. Upon completion of the work, you must perform the following

Events:

Representative of the organization _________________________________

(signature)

Contractor's representative _________________________________

(signature)

Document overview

The state regulatory requirements for labor protection have been approved when carrying out basic technological operations and work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of stationary machines, mechanisms, devices, instruments and other equipment used in the production of industrial products.

Responsibility for implementation established rules is borne by the employer. He ensures the maintenance of technological equipment, tools and devices in good condition and their operation in accordance with the approved requirements and technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

Persons who have been trained in labor protection and knowledge testing are allowed to perform work.

When performing work that is subject to additional (increased) labor protection requirements, knowledge testing is carried out at least once every 12 months, and repeated briefing is carried out at least once every 3 months. The list of relevant professions, positions and types of work is approved by the local regulatory act of the employer.

The labor protection requirements for the territory of the organization, for industrial buildings (structures), premises (production sites), for workplaces, for ensuring the collective protection of workers are spelled out.

The employer has the right to establish additional safety requirements for the performance of work that improve working conditions.

The order comes into force 3 months after its official publication.

The workplace is understood as an area equipped with the necessary technical means in which the labor activity of the performer or a group of performers jointly performing one job or operation is carried out.

The workplace is the primary and main link in production, and its rational organization is of paramount importance in the whole range of issues of the NOT. It is at the workplace that the elements of the production process are combined - means of labor, objects of labor and labor itself. At the workplace, the main goal of labor is achieved - high-quality, economical and timely production of products or the performance of a specified amount of work.

Depending on the type of production, features of the technological process, the nature of labor functions, forms of labor organization and other factors, the classification of jobs is determined. So, according to the level of mechanization, jobs are divided into automated, mechanized and jobs where handmade. Mechanized jobs, in turn, are divided into partially mechanized (work at the machine, mechanism, etc.) and mechanized, and automated - into semi-automated and automated.

On the basis of the division of labor, workplaces can be individual and collective (team), according to specialization - universal, specialized and special, according to the number of equipment serviced - single-station and multi-station, according to the degree of mobility - stationary and mobile. Workplaces can be indoors, outdoors, at height, underground. Work on them can be performed sitting, standing or alternating one or another posture.

The organization of the workplace is a system of measures to equip it with means and objects of labor and place them in a certain order.

The organization of workplace maintenance means its provision with the means, objects of labor and services necessary for the implementation of the labor process.

The main goal of the organization of the workplace is to achieve high-quality and cost-effective performance of the production task on time based on the full use of equipment, working hours, the use of advanced labor methods with the least physical effort, the creation of safe and favorable conditions conducting work.

The rational organization of workplaces ensures the optimal functioning of the "man - machine - environment" system. Only subject to the coordination of the parameters of machines, organizational equipment and environment with the psychophysiological data of a person, one can count on high efficiency and reliability of the labor process. The need to create a comfortable working posture, optimal loads on the muscles of the worker, their alternation during the shift, ensuring that equipment and organizational equipment conforms to the dimensions of the human body requires knowledge of its anthropometric characteristics. During an ergonomic examination of workplaces, taking into account the physiological characteristics of a person, work movements, their trajectories and the applied efforts are also evaluated.

Dimensions, shapes, brightness, contrast, color, spatial arrangement of all objects in the workplace must meet the visual, auditory, tactile and other psychophysiological characteristics of a person.

Depending on the specifics of production, other factors also influence the organization of jobs: the ratio of elements of mental and physical work degree of responsibility. With the development of scientific and technological progress in the workplace, the flow of various information increases sharply, which must not only be perceived, but also processed accordingly, and therefore the need to take into account psychological factors in the organization of workplaces increases.

When designing workplaces, lighting, temperature, humidity, pressure, noise, vibration, dust emission and other sanitary and hygienic requirements for organizing workplaces should also be taken into account. The necessary requirements are the provision of conditions for the safe conduct of work, compliance with safety standards and regulations, etc.

In the 80s, in order to introduce NOT, Model Projects for the organization of labor in the workplace were developed. They covered the jobs of workers according to the list of professions of the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory /ETKS/ in relation to certain types of production, nature of work, models of equipment and types of products. For employees standard projects were developed according to a unified nomenclature of positions and a qualification directory of positions of employees.

A typical labor organization project included: introduction; purpose and the following sections:

characteristics of the workplace;

general requirements for the organization of the workplace;

workplace equipment;

spatial organization of the workplace and the procedure for placing organizational equipment, tools, materials; a description of the organization of work in the workplace and recommended best practices and methods of work; organization of workplace maintenance, methods and means of communication with maintenance and management services; working conditions in the workplace;

safety and labor protection requirements; regulation of labor, applicable forms and systems of remuneration;

workplace documentation;

economic efficiency from the implementation of a standard project.

GOST 12.2.061-81 System of labor safety standards (SSBT). Production equipment. General requirements safety to workplaces

GOST 12.2.061-81

Group T58

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Occupational safety standards system

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

General safety requirements for workplaces

Occupational safety standards system. industrial equipment.
General safety requirements for working places

Introduction date 1982-07-01

INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated November 11, 1981 N 4883

REPUBLICATION. November 2001

1. This standard establishes general safety requirements for the design, equipment and organization of workplaces in the design and manufacture of production equipment, design and organization of production processes.

This standard fully complies with ST SEV 2695-80.

2. The workplace must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91 and this standard.

3. The workplace, its equipment and equipment, used in accordance with the nature of the work, must ensure the safety, health protection and performance of workers.

4. The design of the workplace, its dimensions and the relative position of its elements (controls, means of displaying information, chairs, auxiliary equipment etc.) must correspond to the anthropometric, physiological and psycho-physiological properties of a person, as well as the nature of the work.

5. Levels (concentrations) of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors affecting a person in the workplace must not exceed the established maximum allowable values.

6. The workplace and the mutual arrangement of its elements must ensure safe and convenient maintenance and cleaning.

7. The design of the workplace should provide a comfortable working posture for a person, which is achieved by adjusting the position of the chair, the height and angle of inclination of the footrest when it is used, and (or) the height and dimensions of the working surface.

When it is impossible to adjust the height and angle of the footrest, the height and dimensions of the working surface, it is allowed to design and manufacture equipment with non-adjustable parameters. In this case, the height of the working surface is set based on the nature of the work, the requirements for sensory control and the required accuracy of actions, the average height of the workers (men - if only men work, women - if only women work, men and women - if both men and women work) .

8. The design of the workplace should ensure the performance of labor operations in the areas of the motor field (optimal, easy reach and reach) depending on the required accuracy and frequency of actions.

9. When designing a workplace, depending on the nature of the work, work in a sitting position should be preferred to work in a standing position or it should be possible to alternate both positions (for example, using an auxiliary chair).

The organization of the workplace should provide the possibility of changing the working posture.

10. The organization of the workplace must ensure the stable position and freedom of movement of the worker, sensory control of activities and the safety of the performance of labor operations.

The organization of the workplace should exclude or allow rare and short-term work in uncomfortable positions (characterized, for example, by the need to strongly lean forward or to the side, squat, work with outstretched or high arms, etc.) that cause increased fatigue.

11. The organization of the workplace should provide the necessary overview of the observation area from the workplace.

12. Means of displaying information should be placed in the zones of the information field of the workplace, taking into account the frequency and significance of incoming information, the type of means of displaying information, the accuracy and speed of tracking and reading.

Visual means of displaying information should be appropriately lit.

13. The workplace must have sufficient illumination according to the nature and conditions of the work performed and, if necessary, emergency lighting.

14. General requirements for controls - in accordance with GOST 12.2.064-81 and this standard.

15. Controls must be placed at the workplace, taking into account the working posture, the functional purpose of the control, frequency of use, sequence of use, functional connection with the appropriate means of displaying information.

16. The distance between the controls should exclude the possibility of changing the position of the control when manipulating the adjacent control.

17. The workplace, if necessary, must be equipped with auxiliary equipment (lifting vehicles, etc.). Its layout should ensure the optimization of labor and its safety.

18. When performing work related to the impact on employees of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors, the workplace, if necessary, must be equipped with protective equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and rescue equipment.

Requirements for protective equipment included in the design of production equipment - according to GOST 12.2.003-91.

19. The presence or possibility of danger and the ways in which it is possible to prevent or reduce its impact on workers must be indicated by signal colors and safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 *.
________________
* GOST R 12.4.026-2001 is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The use of safety signs does not replace necessary activities on labor safety.

20. The color scheme of the workplace must meet the requirements of technical aesthetics.

21. The mutual arrangement and layout of workplaces should provide safe access to the workplace and the possibility of quick evacuation in an emergency. Escape routes and passages must be marked and have adequate lighting.

22. The organization and condition of workplaces, as well as the distances between workplaces, must ensure the safe movement of workers and vehicles, convenient and safe handling of materials, workpieces, semi-finished products, as well as maintenance and repair of production equipment.

The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
The system of labor safety standards: Sat. GOSTs. -
Moscow: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2002

Portal " dangerous goods» - an association of participants in the market of hazardous substances and products.

7. Requirements for production equipment, its placement and equipping of workplaces to ensure the safety of workers

7.1. General provisions

7.1.1. Production equipment, tools and fixtures must, during the entire period of operation, meet the requirements of the applicable state standards.

The placement of production and garage equipment must comply with the requirements of the current regulations and Rules and ensure the sequence of operations of the technological process.

7.1.2. The placement of production and garage equipment, raw materials, blanks, parts, assemblies, finished products, production waste and containers in production premises and workplaces should not pose a danger to personnel.

7.1.3. The distances between pieces of equipment, as well as between the equipment and the walls of industrial buildings, structures and premises must comply with the requirements of the current technological design standards, building codes and rules.

7.1.4. The arrangement in the shops and the rearrangement of the existing technological equipment should be reflected in the technological planning. Technological layouts for designed and newly built shops, sections and departments must be agreed with the local authorities of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia and the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

7.1.5. Stationary equipment must be installed on foundations and securely bolted. Dangerous places must be protected.

7.1.6. Moving parts of equipment (transmission mechanisms, gears, chain and belt drives, couplings, etc.), with which service personnel may come into contact, must have reliable and serviceable guards or must be equipped with other means of protection that ensure the safety of work. In cases where the executive bodies or moving parts of the equipment pose a danger to people and cannot be fenced or provided with other means of protection due to their functional purpose, an alarm must be provided to warn of the equipment being put into operation, and means of stopping and disconnecting from sources energy.

Guards that open upwards must be locked in the open position. In the design of fences that open down, there must be devices to hold them in the closed (working) position.

Switching on of the equipment should be carried out only after its inspection, as well as after inspection of the enclosing devices (if any).

7.1.7. Guards and equipment guards must be in place, secured, and painted in accordance with applicable national standards. Mesh fencing is allowed to be used with cells no larger than 10 x 10 mm.

Do not operate equipment with guards removed, loose, or defective.

7.1.8. Devices for stopping and starting equipment should be located so that they can be conveniently used from the workplace and exclude the possibility of their spontaneous activation.

7.1.9. The commissioning of new or overhauled equipment is carried out only after its acceptance by the commission with the participation of employees of the labor protection service of the organization and a representative of the trade union body. The operated equipment must be in good working order, and its technical condition must be under control.

7.1.10. Control and measuring devices should be mounted on boards, special panels and walls in such a way that their scales and light signaling elements are clearly visible from the workplace.

7.1.11. The site manager will post a sign on the faulty equipment indicating that work on this equipment not allowed. Such equipment must be disconnected (de-energized, drive turned off, etc.).

7.1.12. During the operation of the equipment, it is prohibited to repair and maintain it (cleaning, lubrication, etc.).

7.1.13. Electric hoists, winches and other equipment used to move units and heavy parts must have a bright color (black stripes on a yellow background) in accordance with the requirements of the current state standard.

7.1.14. The culling of tools and fixtures must be carried out in accordance with the established schedule, but at least once a month.

7.1.15. Workplaces should provide convenience of work, freedom of movement, a minimum of physical stress and safe, highly productive working conditions.

7.1.16. When placing production equipment, the arrangement of transport passages for the delivery of units, assemblies, parts and materials to workplaces should be taken into account.

The width of the passage is set depending on the dimensions of the transported objects and vehicles and must comply with applicable regulations.

7.1.17. Ways of transportation of materials, parts, components and assemblies should be the shortest, excluding oncoming and intersecting cargo flows.

7.1.18. The width of the main aisles at the workplace should be determined taking into account the dimensions of the repaired units and workpieces.

7.1.19. Workplaces, driveways, walkways and equipment must be free and not cluttered with materials, assemblies, parts, production waste and containers.

7.1.20. When organizing workplaces where work is performed in sitting and standing positions, the requirements of current state standards should be taken into account.

7.1.21. Tools, fixtures and components should be located in close proximity to the worker: what is taken with the left hand - to the left of him, with the right hand - to the right; based on this, auxiliary equipment (tool cabinets, racks, etc.) is also placed.

7.1.22. Auxiliary equipment should be located so that it does not go beyond the site established for the workplace.

7.1.23. Materials, parts, assemblies, finished products at the workplace must be stacked on racks in a way that ensures their stability and ease of grip when using lifting mechanisms.

7.1.24. Workbenches for locksmith work must be of a rigid and durable design, be adjusted to the height of workers with the help of stands under them or footrests. The width of the workbench must be at least 750 mm, height 800-1000 mm. To protect people nearby from possible injuries from flying pieces of the processed material, workbenches should be equipped with safety nets with a height of at least 1 m and a mesh size of not more than 3 mm.

For double-sided work on a workbench, the shields should be placed in the middle, and for one-sided work, from the side facing the workplaces, aisles, windows.

Workbenches must have fixed lighting. The luminaire must have a screen that scatters light.

When working on an asphalt or concrete floor, a wooden grate is placed at the workbench to prevent colds. The distance between the workbenches is set depending on their overall dimensions and location in accordance with the requirements of the current regulations.

7.1.25. It is possible to install workbenches close to the walls only if heating radiators, pipelines and other equipment are not placed there.

7.2. Requirements for metalworking machines

7.2.1. Used metalworking machines must meet the requirements of current state standards and other regulations throughout the entire period of operation.

Devices for cold working of metals must comply with the requirements of current state standards.

7.2.2. To protect the person working on the metalworking machine and people near the machine from flying chips and splashes of cutting fluid, protective devices (screens) must be installed that enclose the processing zone or part of it in which the cutting process is carried out.

7.2.3. To illuminate the processing area, metalworking machines should be equipped with local lighting fixtures with non-translucent reflectors in accordance with the requirements of current state standards.

Lack of local lighting universal machines allowed only in technically justified cases.

Luminaires should be located in such a way that their luminous elements do not fall into the field of view of workers at the illuminated workplace and at other workplaces.

7.2.4. The design of all devices for fixing workpieces and tools (chucks, faceplates, mandrels, spindle heads, jigs, etc.) must ensure their reliable fastening and exclude the possibility of self-loosening of the device during operation, including when reversing rotation.

7.2.5. In universal lathes, the processing area must be protected by a protective device (screen). On the side opposite the workplace, the processing area must also have a screen.

7.2.6. Parts processing area in universal milling machines console machines must be protected by a protective device (screen).

7.2.7. For drilling machines, the spindle with the chuck must independently return to the upper position when the drill feed handwheel is released.

7.2.8. Planers must be equipped with a chip catcher and have a sliding table or slide guard for the entire length of the maximum stroke.

7.2.9. Grinding (grinding) machines when working without cooling must be equipped with dust extraction devices.

7.2.10. Cutting scissors sheet metal must be placed on a table and provided with a safety ruler, fixed so that the cut remains visible to the worker's eyes.

7.2.11. The weight of the counterweights of the spring shears must be sufficient to prevent the top knife from dropping spontaneously.

7.2.12. Guillotine shears must be equipped with safety devices balanced with triggers that prevent the worker's fingers from getting under the knife or springs.

7.2.13. The non-working part of the circular saw blade must be protected.

7.2.14. A band saw for sawing metal must be covered with a metal casing that allows adjustment of the open part of the saw.

7.2.15. Machine tools with band saw must be equipped with catchers that instantly catch the saw blade in the event of its breakage.

7.2.16. Screw presses with a balancer must have a guardrail on the path traversed by the balancer if it is not sufficiently safe by its location.

7.3. Requirements for woodworking machines

7.3.1. Woodworking machines and equipment for them must meet the requirements of current state standards and other regulations throughout the entire period of operation.

7.3.3. Jointing machines must be equipped with knife shaft guards that automatically open the knife gap to the width of the workpiece.

7.3.4. Circular saws must have a metal casing that covers the saw blade and automatically rises when material is fed, as well as a riving knife and a notched sector or disk that prevents the material from returning.

7.3.5. The thickness of the riving knife should be 1 mm greater than the thickness of the saw blade, taking into account the set of teeth.

7.3.6. All thicknessing machines, regardless of the presence of sectional feed rollers, must be equipped with safety stops. On the front edge of the table, a curtain of retarding swinging bars should be additionally installed.

7.3.7. The non-working part of the grinding wheel of the sharpener built into thicknesser must be fully enclosed.

7.3.8. Woodworking machines must be equipped with local exhaust ventilation and pneumatic transport of waste.

7.4. Requirements for pressure vessels, compressors, air and gas pipelines

7.4.1. Pressure vessels are hermetically sealed containers for storage and transportation of compressed, liquefied, soluble gases and liquids under pressure and they must comply with the requirements of current regulations.

7.4.2. The management of the organization is obliged to ensure the maintenance of vessels in good condition and safe working conditions.

For these purposes, it is necessary to appoint by order of organization an employee from among specialists who have passed in the prescribed manner a test of knowledge of the current rules, responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessels, as well as those responsible for supervising the technical condition and operation of the vessels.

7.4.3. All vessels that are on the balance sheet of the organization must be entered in the book of accounting and examination of vessels, kept by the employee supervising the vessels.

7.4.4. The pressure gauge must be selected with such a scale that the working pressure measurement limit is in the second third of the scale.

The scale of the pressure gauge should have a red line indicating the working pressure in the vessel. Instead of a red line, it is allowed to attach a metal plate to the pressure gauge case, painted red and tightly adjacent to the pressure gauge glass. Drawing a line on the glass of the pressure gauge is prohibited.

Verification of pressure gauges with their sealing or branding should be carried out at least once every 12 months. In addition, at least once every 6 months, the working pressure gauges should be checked with a control pressure gauge with the results recorded in the log of control checks.

7.4.5. The device and operation of compressors, air pipelines and gas pipelines must comply with the requirements of current state standards and other regulations.

7.4.6. Each organization that has compressors should appoint a specialist person responsible for their safe operation.

7.4.7. The compressors are installed in separate rooms, the doors and windows of which must open outwards. Outside, on the front door, a prohibition sign "Entrance to strangers is prohibited" should be hung out.

It is not allowed to place in these premises equipment and equipment that are technologically and structurally not related to compressors.

Separate compressor units with a capacity of up to 10 m3/min with a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa, in agreement with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, can be installed in the lower floors of multi-storey industrial buildings if there is sufficient design strength of the ceilings to ensure that they cannot be destroyed in case of accidents. These installations must be separated from the production areas by blank non-combustible walls.

It is not allowed to install compressors under household, administrative and utility rooms.

7.4.8. The overall dimensions of the premises must satisfy the conditions for safe maintenance and repair of the equipment of the compressor unit and its individual components.

7.4.9. In the absence of air piping to all zones, workshops and sections, it is allowed to install stationary compressors in the areas of maintenance, repair and inspection technical condition Automatic telephone exchanges, as well as at tire fitting sites with their mandatory fencing.

7.4.10. All compressor units must be equipped with instrumentation, signaling and safety devices.

7.4.11. It is forbidden to leave running compressors (except fully automated ones) without the supervision of workers authorized to service them.

7.4.12. Each compressor must be painted in a visible place or on a special plate with a format of at least 200 x 150 mm:

registration number;

allowed pressure;

day, month and year of the next external and internal inspections and hydraulic tests.

7.4.13. The device, manufacture, installation, installation, testing and acceptance of pipelines are carried out in accordance with the requirements of current building codes and regulations.

Pipelines that form an integral part compressor units are accepted for operation in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory act.

7.4.14. The design of pipelines should provide for the possibility of free thermal expansion, preventing its deformation, as well as the occurrence of additional forces on the machines or devices connected to it.

7.4.15. Valves installed on pipelines must be accessible for convenient and safe maintenance and repair.

7.4.16. The arrangement of external injection air-gas pipelines should exclude the possibility of their internal freezing.

7.4.17. Gates, gate valves, valves must be in full working order and provide the ability to quickly and reliably stop the access of air or gas.

7.4.18. Technical examination of pipelines is carried out in the following terms:

external inspection of pipelines under operating pressure - at least once a year;

hydraulic testing of pipelines for strength and tightness under a pressure of 1.25 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa - before commissioning, after repairs associated with welding joints, as well as when air pipelines or gas pipelines are put into operation after they have been in conservation for more than of the year.

7.4.19. Records of the results of pipeline cleaning, current inspection and repair, as well as the results of pneumatic and hydraulic test pipelines must be entered in the compressor unit repair register.

7.5. requirements for lifting equipment

7.5.1. The operation of lifting mechanisms must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of current regulations.

7.5.2. Unauthorized reconstruction and re-equipment of cranes is not allowed.

7.5.3. Load gripping devices must be branded or firmly attached with a metal tag indicating the number, passport load capacity and test date. Load-handling devices, in addition to the stamp (tag), must be provided with a passport.

7.5.4. steel ropes must comply with state standards, have a certificate (certificate) or a copy of the certificate of the organization - the manufacturer of the ropes on their testing. The use of ropes made according to international standards, is allowed at the conclusion of the parent organization or certification body.

7.5.5. Chains must have a manufacturer's certificate of testing in accordance with normative document according to which they are made. In the absence of the specified certificate, tests of a sample of the chain must be carried out to determine the breaking load and check for compliance with the dimensions of the normative document.

7.5.6. Lifting mechanisms with an electric drive must be equipped with limit switches to automatically stop the mechanism when approaching the stop - both when lifting and when moving.

7.5.7. Boom-type cranes (except for cantilever and tower cranes) must be equipped with load capacity (load moment) limiters that automatically turn off the mechanisms for lifting the load and changing the reach in the event of lifting a load whose mass exceeds the carrying capacity for a given reach by more than 10%.

7.5.8. The case of the push-button device for controlling the lifting mechanism from the floor must be suspended on a metal cable. If the case is metal, then it must be grounded by at least two conductors. As one of the grounding conductors, a cable can be used, on which the push-button device is suspended.

7.5.9. Removable load-handling devices after repair must be subject to technical examination, inspection and testing by a load that is 1.25 times higher than their rated load capacity.

7.5.10. All lifting mechanisms in operation, including auto and electric loaders, hydraulic and electric lifts, etc., must be subject to periodic technical inspection within the following periods:

full - at least once every 3 years;

partial - at least once every 12 months.

Full technical examination includes inspection, static and dynamic tests. With partial - only inspection.

7.5.11. During the operation of removable load-handling devices and containers, the owner must periodically inspect them at the following times:

traverse, pincers and other container grippers - every month;

slings (with the exception of rarely used ones) - every 10 days;

rarely used removable load-handling devices - before issuing them for work.

7.5.12. A trained and certified specialist should be appointed by order to supervise the safe operation of lifting mechanisms, lifting devices and containers in each organization.

7.5.13. Responsible for maintaining the lifting mechanisms of the organization in good condition, as well as organizing their timely examination and inspection by order, is a trained and certified chief mechanic or other specialist of the organization, who is subordinate to the personnel (except for slingers) serving lifting mechanisms.

7.5.14. The organization must appoint by order an employee (employees) responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by hoisting mechanisms, from among trained and certified specialists.

7.5.15. Employees are allowed to control lifting mechanisms from the floor after passing the appropriate training and annual testing of knowledge on the control of lifting mechanisms.

7.5.16. Lifting mechanisms of garage equipment must meet the requirements of current state standards.

7.5.17. The design of clamping, picking up and lifting units of garage equipment and their drives must eliminate the danger to the operator in case of complete or partial power outage, as well as when the power supply is turned on.

7.5.18. The safety valves of manually operated hydraulic jacks, hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and plunger jacks must not exceed the rated pressure by more than 12%.

7.5.19. The supporting surfaces of the pickups and pedals of the jacks must be corrugated.

7.5.20. Max speed lowering and raising the automatic telephone exchange by floor stationary and mobile lifts should be no more than 0.1 m / s.

7.5.21. The maximum difference in lifting height of the vehicle on the lift racks must be no more than 100 mm.

7.5.22. The design of lifts with two or more plungers or racks with a lift height of more than 300 mm must ensure synchronous lifting and lowering of the vehicle with height deviations of no more than 10%, regardless of the load falling on each plunger or rack.

7.5.23. The design of the lifts must provide for at least two units independent from one another, one of which is a safety unit, preventing spontaneous lowering of the working bodies. These nodes must be equipped with at least one means of monitoring their condition. In the design of electromechanical hoists, one of these means should provide the possibility of direct visual inspection.

7.5.24. In the designs of electromechanical lifts and tippers vehicles at least two limit switches should be provided, fixing the extreme positions of the working bodies both with load and without load.

7.5.25. Automotive, manual lever-rack jacks must have serviceable devices that prevent spontaneous lowering of the load when the force is removed from the lever or handle, be equipped with stoppers that prevent the screw or rack from coming out when the rod is in the upper extreme position.

7.5.26. Hydraulic and pneumatic jacks and lifts must have tight connections to prevent leakage of liquid or air from the working cylinders during the movement of the load.

7.5.27. Check valves or other devices of hydraulic and pneumatic jacks and lifts should ensure slow, smooth lowering of the rod or stopping it in case of damage to pipelines supplying or discharging liquid (air).

7.5.28. Mechanical and hydraulic jacks (including car jacks), electromechanical and hydraulic jacks during testing must withstand the lifted load for 10 minutes at an overload of 25% and three full cycles of lifting and lowering the load at an overload of 10%. In this case, the manifestation of residual deformations is prohibited.

7.5.29. For hydraulic jacks, the drop in fluid pressure at the end of the test shall not be more than 5%. The test results are recorded in the appropriate journal.

7.5.30. The design of metal traguses manufactured in the organization must ensure reliability and stability in their use. Each trestle must be marked with the maximum allowable load. After manufacture, the tragus must be subjected to a static test for 10 minutes at 25% overload, followed by an annual inspection.

7.5.31. Lifting mechanisms that are in operation must be provided with plates indicating the registration number, passport load capacity and the date of the next partial and full technical examination.

7.5.32. It is not allowed to perform work using faulty lifting mechanisms and trestles.

7.6. Requirements for tools and fixtures

7.6.1. The tools used and the organization of work with them must meet the requirements of regulatory documentation, technical conditions and the requirements of current rules and regulations.

7.6.2. Hand tools (hammers, chisels, punches, etc.) must not have:

on working surfaces - damage (potholes, cracks, knocked down and beveled ends);

on the side faces in places where they are clamped by hand - burrs, scuff marks and sharp edges;

on the surface of tool handles - burrs and cracks;

hardened work surface.

The length of the chisel must be at least 150 mm, and the length of the crosscut, barb, core - no more than 150 mm.

Hammers and sledgehammers should be securely mounted on dry hardwood handles and wedged with sharpened metal wedges, and files and chisels should have wooden handles with metal rings at the ends.

Supports used in manual riveting, crimping, chasing and other work must be strong and safe.

The pullers must have a rigid structure and not have cracks, bent rods, stripped or crumpled threads, and must also ensure the alignment of the thrust (tension) device with the axis of the part to be removed. Puller grips must provide a tight and secure grip on parts at the point of application of force.

It is not allowed to use faulty devices and tools.

7.6.3. Keys must have parallel, unworn and unsharpened jaws.

7.6.4. Sliding keys must not be loosened in moving parts.

7.6.5. For carrying tools, if required by the conditions of work, the worker should be given a bag, or a light portable box, or a special mobile cart.

7.6.6. Before starting work, check all tools, replace faulty ones.

7.6.7. When using power tools, the requirements of the current regulations must be complied with.

7.6.8. Power tools and hand-held electric machines should be stored in the tool room and given to the employee only after a preliminary check, together with protective equipment (dielectric gloves, rugs, galoshes, etc.).

The procedure for the use, maintenance, testing, inspection of protective equipment must comply with the requirements of current regulations.

7.6.9. The metal cases of power tools powered by mains voltages above 50 V AC and above 110 V DC, in rooms with increased danger, especially dangerous and outdoor installations, must be grounded or grounded, with the exception of double-insulated power tools or powered by isolation transformers.

7.6.10. An electric tool powered by an electrical network with a voltage above 50 V must have a hose wire or stranded flexible wires of the PRG type with insulation rated for a voltage of at least 500 V, and a plug with an extended grounding contact.

7.6.11. To work with portable power tools and hand electrical machines class 1 in rooms with increased danger should be allowed personnel with group II for electrical safety.

7.6.12. Hand-held electric machines and portable power tools issued and used in work must be checked and tested within the time limits and to the extent established by state standards, technical conditions and electrical equipment testing standards.

To maintain good condition, conduct periodic tests and checks of electrical machines, portable power tools and lamps, auxiliary equipment, a responsible employee with an electrical safety group III must be appointed by order of the organization.

7.6.13. Employees using power tools and hand-held electric machines are not allowed to:

transfer hand-held electric machines and power tools, at least for a short time, to other employees;

disassemble hand-held electric machines and power tools, make any repairs;

hold on to the wire electrical machine, power tools, touch rotating parts or remove chips, sawdust until the tool or machine comes to a complete stop;

install the working part in the chuck of a power tool, electric machine and remove it from the chuck, as well as adjust the tool and machine without disconnecting them from the mains with a plug;

work from ladders; to perform work at height, strong scaffolding or scaffolding must be arranged;

bring inside the drums of boilers, metal tanks, etc. portable transformers and frequency converters.

7.6.14. The pneumatic tool must comply with the requirements of current state standards and other regulations.

Persons who have passed industrial training and tested knowledge of labor protection instructions are allowed to work with pneumatic tools.

7.6.15. Pneumatic tools must use flexible hoses. It is necessary to attach hoses to the pneumatic tool and connect them to each other using nipples or fittings and coupling clamps.

The points of connection of air hoses to pneumatic tools, pipelines and the points of connection of hoses to each other must not let air through.

7.6.16. Before connecting the hose to the pneumatic tool, the air line must be blown out, and after the hose is connected to the line, the hose must also be blown out. The free end of the hose must be secured when purging. The tool is attached to the hose after cleaning the mesh in the futorka.

7.6.17. The connection of the hose to the line and the tool, as well as its disconnection, must be carried out with the shut-off valves closed. The hose must be positioned so that it cannot be accidentally damaged or run over by the vehicle.

7.6.18. Air should be supplied to the pneumatic tool only after it is installed in the working position (for example, the working part of the impact tool must rest against the material being processed). The idle operation of the tool is allowed only when it is tested (before starting work or during repair).

7.6.19. It is necessary to work with a pneumatic tool in goggles and gloves.

7.6.20. Grinding machines must have protective guards for the working part. The pressure on the pneumatic tool must be carried out with a smooth gradual force.

7.6.21. The pneumatic tool may only be carried by the handle. It is forbidden to use a hose or the working part of the tool for this purpose.

7.6.22. In the event of interruptions in work, breakage of hoses and any kind of malfunction, the supply of compressed air to the pneumatic tool must be stopped immediately (close the shut-off valves).

7.6.23. Pneumatic tools must be inspected immediately before issuance. During operation, the pneumatic tool must be cleaned of dirt daily at the end of work and, if necessary, tighten the fasteners. Pneumatic tools, regardless of the conditions of its operation and serviceability, should be disassembled, washed, lubricated at least once every 6 months, and damaged or heavily worn parts found during inspection should be replaced with new ones.

7.6.24. Not allowed:

use hoses that are damaged;

fasten the hoses with wire;

pull and bend hoses during operation, cross them with electric welding wires, gas welding hoses, wrap people and equipment with hoses;

direct a jet of compressed air at people;

work with a pneumatic tool with unadjusted valves, without means of vibration protection and control of the working tool, as well as without a noise suppressor;

work from ladders;

use gaskets (jam) or work with a pneumatic tool if there is play in the sleeve;

work with a pneumatic percussion tool without devices that exclude spontaneous departure of the working part during idle impacts;

hold the pneumatic tool while working by the working part;

correct, adjust and change the working part of the tool during operation in the presence of compressed air in the hose.

7.6.25. Scaffolds must be stable and have handrails and a ladder. The metal supports of the scaffolds must be securely connected to each other.

Scaffold deck boards must be laid without gaps and securely fastened. The ends of the boards should be on supports. The thickness of the scaffold boards must be at least 40 mm.

7.6.26. Portable wooden step-ladders must have cut-in steps at least 150 mm wide.

A ladder-ladder must be equipped with a device that prevents shifting or tipping over during operation and have such a length that the worker can work from a step that is at least one meter from the top of the ladder. The lower ends of the ladder must have sharp tips or rubber shoes to prevent it from slipping.

7.6.27. Trolleys for transporting units, assemblies and parts must have racks and stops that protect them from falling and spontaneous movement.