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We will take into account the working hours according to all the rules. Work week

What's happened work time how to find out how much you need to work during the day, week or month when you can rest - every employee asks himself these questions, since his salary directly depends on the correct answers to them. Actual information about the standards for the working day, month and year, methods of accounting for time is also necessary for accounting and staff members who should be able to take into account the working hours of various categories of personnel in accordance with the requirements of current legislation.

Time to work

When hiring, the duties of the employee, his salary, which directly depends on the time worked, are discussed. In addition to the employment contract, it is useful for a beginner to study the internal company rules, these documents contain all the main provisions regarding work schedule.

The working day should be long enough to ensure the required productivity and include time for rest before a new shift. And the state also limits the time of work by law.

The working day includes time for preparatory, main and final work

Functions of working time: protective (have time to rest), production (have time to produce a product or provide a service), guarantee (work no longer than allowed by the state).

The usual length of time for work is no more than forty hours a week. The duration of work per month, quarter or year is considered based on this norm. You can’t increase the weekly rate, although work week 40–48 hours is sometimes considered acceptable.

The duration of the working week was first established at the legislative level back in the 30s of the XX century. It was then that the relevant norms appeared in international documents.

For those who need protection from the state, a reduced duration of work has been established. For disabled people, working children, nursing mothers, it is important to consider how the working day is used. These categories of workers should have the opportunity to rest, maintain their health and develop personally.

Therefore, during the week, children 14–16 years old can work no more than 24 hours, adolescents 16–18 years old and people with disabilities (groups I, II) - no more than 35 hours, in hazardous work - no more than 36 hours a week.

Reduced working hours for the disabled

Harmful production implies the presence of factors that, when exposed to the human body, lead to diseases. Among them: noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, a chemical effect that causes carcinogenic and mutagenic changes in the body.

Another option is part-time work. They agree on a part-time work schedule when applying for a job, but it is possible to switch to part-time employment at any time. Partial day is set indefinitely or for a certain period.

The norm of working time is 40 hours per week, reduced working hours can be 24, 35 or 36 hours (for certain categories of workers).

Correctly keep records of working hours in the interests of both the employer and employees

Working day (shift)

A working day with a 40-hour week lasts 8 hours (Labor Code of the Russian Federation). To calculate the duration of work during the day, we divide the norm of working time by 5 (five days). On the eve of the holiday, they work one hour less.

Familiarize yourself with complete guide on the introduction of a shift schedule:

For those who work six days a week, the working day on Saturday should not exceed 5 hours.

A work shift can last up to 12 hours (working week - 36 hours) or up to 8 hours (working week - 30 hours or less), this is fixed in the agreement between management and employees and industry standards.

Table: working day and working week for different categories of workers

Category	Working week, hours	Working day (shift), hours
General case	40	8
Children from 14 to 15 years old	no more than 24	4
Children from 15 to 16 years old	no more than 24	5
Children from 16 to 18 years old	35	7
Disabled people of I and II groups	35	in accordance with the medical report
Work with harmful and dangerous working conditions	36	8
Work with harmful and dangerous working conditions (part-time work)	30	6

Working hours for the period (month, quarter, year)

The weekly amount of work time (normal 40 hours or reduced - 24, 25, 36 hours) is divided by 5 and multiplied by the number of days of work per month (five days), we subtract from the private those hours by which the working days were reduced before the holidays (if the holiday follows a weekend, they work as usual on the day before the holiday).

They work one hour less if the days of December 31, February 22, March 7, April 30, May 8, June 11, November 3 fall on weekdays.

Calculate the opening hours for February 2018.
We have: 28 calendar days, Sunday falls on the numbers: 4, 11, 18, 25.
February has 4 full weeks of 40 hours each, one holiday and one pre-holiday day (minus one hour).
40 * 4 - 8 - 1 = 151 hours.
In total, in February we will work 151 hours.

The annual amount of working time is determined according to the same principle. We divide the weekly fund (40, 36, 35, 24 hours) by 5, multiply by the number of weekdays in a year for a five-day period. From the total we subtract the amount of hours by which we reduced the working days before the holidays.

How to fill out the time sheet correctly:

So, the working week is 40 hours (normal) or 36, 35 or 24 hours (shortened), the working day lasts respectively 8, 7, 6 or 4 hours. Sometimes the working day is extended to 12 hours, such a decision is fixed in the internal regulations.

Table: working time fund for the IV quarter of 2017 (five days)

2017, IV quarter	Working hours, hours			Rest time, days
2017, IV quarter	40 hour a week	36 hour a week	24 hour a week	Rest time, days
October	176	158,4	105,6	9
november	167	150,2	99,8	9
December	168	151,2	100,8	10

Let's calculate the working time and the duration of rest for the normal and reduced duration for 2018.

Table: working time fund for 2018 (five days)

2018	Working hours, hours			Rest time, days
2018	40 hour a week	36 hour a week	24 hour a week	Rest time, days
January	136	122,4	81,6	14
February	151	135,8	90,2	9
March	159	143	95	11
April	167	150,2	99,8	9
May	159	143	95	11
June	159	143	95	10
July	176	158,4	105,6	9
August	184	165,6	110,4	8
September	160	144	96	10
October	184	165,6	110,4	8
november	168	151,2	100,8	9
December	167	150,2	99,8	10

A normal workweek lasts five days a week or 40 hours, with an average of 21–22 working days or 160–170 hours per month.

Time to relax

Own free time the employee spends according to personal needs, not working during this period.

Rest time includes:

lunch break (during the day),
rest after work
vacation,
non-working days
weekend.

In addition to lunch, there may be other breaks during the day, for example, related to the peculiarities of production (work technology), or time for heating and rest. But the time of feeding a child up to one and a half years (Article 258 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) is not a break for rest. If they work no more than four hours a day, then there may not be a lunch break (to clarify this, look at the house rules).

Break during the working day, rest after the work shift, vacation, days off are types of rest

Recreation: types and restrictions

Lunch break can take from 30 minutes to 2 hours, this is non-working time, so it is not paid. When you can take a break and how long it lasts is determined by internal company rules (agreements).

A day off is a period starting from the moment of completion of work (shift) and until the start time of work (shift) on the day following the day off. The duration of the weekend is no more than 42 hours (Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). All workers have days off, on a six-day week Sunday is a day off, on a five-day week it is Sunday and one more day, determined by internal company rules (Article 111 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). A day off in an organization does not have to coincide with a traditional day off. If it is required by the production or organization of labor at the enterprise, any other day of the week can become a day off.

Days closed due to holidays:

New Year holidays (January 1–8).
Christmas (January 7).
Defender of the Fatherland Day (February 23).
International Women's Day (March 8).
Holiday of Spring and Labor (May 1).
Victory Day (May 9).
Day of Russia (June 12).
National Unity Day (November 4).

If the holiday falls on a day off, as, for example, in 2017 on November 4 - National Unity Day (Saturday), then the next working day after the holiday - November 6 (Monday) - becomes a day off. Sometimes weekends can be moved to other days, in which case the Government issues an appropriate instruction.

The presence of a holiday non-working day in the working month should in no way affect the salary of employees.

You can be called to work on a day off or a holiday with the written consent of the worker. But in emergency situations, such as the prevention of disasters or the elimination of their consequences, an accident at work, going to work is mandatory (Article 113 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Involving the worker in the implementation labor functions Weekends and holidays are charged extra.

In so-called continuously operating organizations, even on holidays, employees go to work and perform their functions (for example, urgent repairs, public services). At the same enterprises, it is impossible to reduce the working time by an hour before the holiday, so employees are allocated Extra time to rest or (with their consent) pay this working time as overtime.

Now about holidays. Every year, an employee has the right to rest 28 calendar days. For some professions there is an additional vacation, it lasts at least 7 days. Article 116 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation explains who is entitled to it:

all people working in hazardous and hazardous industries;
those who have irregular working hours or special working conditions;
workers in the Far North.

Every year, each employee must rest for at least 14 consecutive days.

Work above the established norm

Issues of increasing working hours are considered in Article 97 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Options for working above the norm - overtime work or irregular work schedule.

If a person works more than 40 hours a week, performing his duties at this time, then such work is called overtime (Article 99 of the Labor Code). Overtime work usually does not last long (when you urgently need to finish some unfinished business or project), while the management draws up an appropriate order.

Periodically, at the direction of the employer, individual employees are involved in the implementation of additional work in the irregular schedule mode (Article 101 of the Labor Code). An irregular schedule is provided for some positions, and it is discussed at the time of applying for a job.

Part-time work

In his spare time from his main job, an employee can work at another job, which is paid regularly. Such employment is called part-time work. In the employment contract for part-time work, there will be a note that the work is performed part-time.

You can work in a combined position with the main place for no more than 4 hours a day. On days when the employee has a rest at the main job, it is possible to work part-time and full-time. For a month, a part-time worker can work no more than 50% of the norm of work time, that is, with an established 40-hour work week, it turns out that no more than 20 hours.

But it is also possible to combine positions at the main job, if during the working day for an additional fee the employee agrees to perform a larger amount of work. You can combine work in the same or another profession (position). This is possible if service areas increase, the amount of work increases, or someone needs to be temporarily replaced. The consent to perform the additional amount of work the worker draws up in writing.

If day by day the amount of work time is always the same, its duration is established by law, then daily records of hours worked are kept.

If the enterprise works according to the schedule or goes to work in a shift, and only the weekly standard of work time is observed, then weekly records are kept.

It happens, due to the peculiarities of production, that the norm of working time during the day and week is not maintained, then the accounting of labor time is carried out for a designated period - a month, a quarter or a year. This control option is called summarized accounting, in which the total operating time for the period must remain within the intervals specified by law.

Accounting for working hours is carried out using a time sheet in the form of T-12

Video: instructions for recording work time

The time allotted for work may have a normal, reduced or incomplete duration. Normally, weekly employment does not exceed 40 hours, this corresponds to an eight-hour working day, a lunch break lasts from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Every year, an employee is entitled to a vacation of 28 days, and people with an irregular schedule also have an additional vacation. Calculate wages based on hours worked, fill in for its accounting special form timesheet.

The Labor Code gives a clear definition of working time and provides for its various options. Working time is considered to be exactly the time when the employee directly works, performs exactly the actions that are assigned to him by the employment contract and official duties. This time does not include any breaks. In most cases, the length of working hours is set directly by the employer and complies with the law, amounting to no more than forty hours a week. These forty working hours are distributed during the week in different ways, depending on the so-called working hours. Such a regime is established by an employment contract or contract. The main mode accepted for use is normal working hours. Under it, forty hours a week are divided into five working days of eight working hours.

Chapter 15. Working hours. general provisions

The employer is obliged to establish a part-time working day (shift) or part-time working week at the request of a pregnant woman, one of the parents (guardian, custodian) who has a child under the age of fourteen (a disabled child under the age of eighteen), as well as a person exercising caring for a sick family member in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation. (As amended by the Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ) When working on a part-time basis, the employee is paid in proportion to the time worked by him or depending on the amount of work he performed.

Can a work week be longer than 40 hours?

Federal Laws of July 24, 2002 N 97-FZ, of June 30, 2006 N 90-FZ) The procedure for working at night for creative workers in the media, cinematography organizations, television and video crews, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses and other persons participating in the creation and (or) performance (exhibition) of works, in accordance with the lists of works, professions, positions of these workers, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite regulatory commission social and labor relations, may be established by a collective agreement, local normative act, labor contract. (as amended by Federal Laws No. 90-FZ of 30.06.2006, No. 13-FZ of 28.02.2008) Article 97. Work beyond the established working hours (as amended by

How many hours a day are legally required to work?

Important

However, these reporting forms are list-based, i.e. contains information about all employees. This means that the transfer of a copy of such a report to one employee is the disclosure of personal data of other employees.< … Зарплата за апрель: не ошибитесь в дате перечисления НДФЛ из-за майских праздников В нынешнем году первая «порция» майских праздников будет длиться 4 дня (с 29 апреля по 2 мая включительно).

If your company has a payday on the 1st or 2nd, you will have to pay your April salary ahead of schedule - April 28th. On the same day, you need to withhold personal income tax.< … Компенсация за unused vacation: ten and a half months go for a year Upon dismissal of an employee who has worked in an organization for 11 months, he must be paid compensation for unused vacation as for a full working year (clause 28 of the Rules, approved by

NCT USSR 04/30/1930 No. 169). But sometimes these 11 months are not so worked out.

How many hours per week is a person legally required to work?

Info

Federal Law No. 90-FZ of June 30, 2006) Working hours for students educational institutions under the age of eighteen, working during the academic year in their free time, may not exceed half of the norms established by the first part of this article for persons of the corresponding age. (as amended by Federal Law No. 90-FZ of 30.06.2006) This Code and other federal laws may establish reduced working hours for other categories of employees (pedagogical, medical and other employees). (as amended by Federal Law No. 90-FZ of June 30, 2006) Article 93.

Part-time work By agreement between the employee and the employer, part-time work (shift) or part-time work week can be established both at the time of employment and subsequently.

How long should a person work according to the labor code

In these cases, the employer is obliged to immediately take measures to replace the shift with another employee. Engagement by the employer of an employee to work overtime without his consent is allowed in the following cases: 1) in the performance of work necessary to prevent a catastrophe, industrial accident or eliminate the consequences of a catastrophe, industrial accident or natural disaster; In accordance with Federal Law No. 417-FZ of December 7, 2011, from January 1, 2013, in clause 2 of part three of this article, the words “water supply systems, gas supply, heating, lighting, sewerage,” will be replaced by the words “centralized hot water supply systems, cold water supply and (or) water disposal, gas supply systems, heat supply, lighting, ".

Length of overtime

In many countries it is 40 hours, just like in Russia. China works 60 hours a week, while Japan has 50. The countries with the shortest working weeks are Holland with 30 hours and Finland with 33 hours.

Attention

Existing norms in the Russian Federation are required to study how wage-earners as well as business owners. This is necessary for the first in order to know and be able to defend their rights in a dispute with employers, and for the second - in order to understand all the responsibility for violating laws. Therefore, study thoroughly those laws that relate to the scope of your activity and feel confident in any situation.

And it does not matter who you are - an entrepreneur or an employee.

What is the length of the working week in the Russian Federation according to the labor code?

Code and other federal laws. Women with children under the age of three, disabled people, employees with disabled children, as well as employees caring for sick members of their families in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation , mothers and fathers raising children under the age of five without a spouse, as well as guardians of children of this age, may be involved in night work only with their written consent and provided that such work is not prohibited to them for health reasons in accordance with medical advice. At the same time, these employees must be informed in writing of their right to refuse to work at night. (in ed.
Other options for the distribution of hours of work are also possible. For example, during shift work, working hours are distributed so that the result is no more than the allowable weekly rate. The law allows for both increased hours of work and reduced work hours, flexible hours.
Reduced hours of work are available for special categories of workers. These are minors, disabled people, people working in harmful or dangerous conditions. Work in a flexible mode or in a flexible working hours mode - in this case, the start of work, its end or the total duration of the shift can be changed by mutual agreement of the employee and the employer.
At the same time, the employee must still work the set number of hours of work per week. Working hours can not only be reduced, but also increased.

Maybe more than 40 working hours per week by law

Work on a part-time basis does not entail any restrictions for employees on the duration of the annual basic paid leave, calculation of seniority and other labor rights. Article 94. Duration daily work(shifts) The duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed: for employees aged fifteen to sixteen years - 5 hours, for employees aged sixteen to eighteen years - 7 hours; for students of general educational institutions, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, combining study with work during the academic year, at the age of fourteen to sixteen years - 2.5 hours, at the age of sixteen to eighteen years - 4 hours; (in ed.

For example, in the public transport and trade industry, it would be advisable to work six days a week, rather than five. The duration of a normal work shift is 8 hours for five days a week and 7 hours for six. The day before the weekend in this case is considered shortened and lasts 5 hours.

Labor Code of the Russian Federation Article 91. The concept of working time. Normal working hours Working hours - the time during which the employee, in accordance with the internal labor regulations and the terms of the employment contract, must perform labor obligations, as well as other periods of time that, in accordance with this Code, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, refer to working time. Normal working hours may not exceed 40 hours per week.

Federal Law of June 30, 2006 N 90-FZ) The duration of the daily work (shift) of creative workers in the media, cinematography organizations, television and video crews, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses and other persons involved in the creation and (or ) the performance (exhibition) of works, in accordance with the lists of works, professions, positions of these employees, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations, may be established by a collective agreement, a local normative act, an employment contract. (Part four was introduced by Federal Law No. 90-FZ of 30.06.2006, as amended by Federal Law No. 13-FZ of 28.02.2008) Article 95.

Paragraph 5 of Article 37 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation:

5. Everyone has the right to rest. Working on employment contract the length of working hours established by federal law, weekends and holidays, and paid annual leave are guaranteed.

Parts 1-3 of Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Working hours - the time during which the employee, in accordance with the internal labor regulations and the terms of the employment contract, must perform labor duties, as well as other periods of time that, in accordance with this Code, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, relate to working time.

Normal working hours may not exceed 40 hours per week.

The procedure for calculating the norm of working time for certain calendar periods (month, quarter, year), depending on the established length of working time per week, is determined by the federal executive body that performs the functions of generating public policy and legal regulation in the sphere of labor

The procedure for calculating the norm of working time for certain calendar periods of time (month, quarter, year) depending on the established working hours per week, approved. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2009 N 588n:

1. The norm of working time for certain calendar periods of time is calculated according to the estimated schedule of a five-day working week with two days off on Saturday and Sunday, based on the duration of daily work (shift):

with a 40-hour work week - 8 hours;

if the duration of the working week is less than 40 hours - the number of hours obtained by dividing the established duration of the working week by five days.

The duration of the working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by one hour.

In accordance with Part 2 of Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, if a day off and a non-working holiday coincide, the day off is transferred to the next working day after the holiday.

In cases where, in accordance with the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, a day off is transferred to a working day, the duration of work on this day (the former day off) must correspond to the length of the working day on which the day off is transferred.

The norm of working time calculated in this manner applies to all modes of work and rest.

Thus, the norm of working time of a particular month is calculated as follows: the duration of the working week (40, 39, 36, 30, 24, etc. hours) is divided by 5, multiplied by the number of working days according to the calendar of the five-day working week of a particular month and from of the received number of hours, the number of hours in a given month is subtracted by which the working time is reduced on the eve of non-working public holidays.

In a similar manner, the norm of working time for the whole year is calculated: the duration of the working week (40, 39, 36, 30, 24, etc. hours) is divided by 5, multiplied by the number of working days according to the calendar of the five-day working week in a year and from the number of hours obtained is subtracted by the number of hours in this year, by which the working time is reduced on the eve of non-working holidays.

2. The transfer of days off coinciding with non-working holidays, provided for by Part 2 of Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is carried out by employers using various work and rest regimes in which work is not performed on holidays. This procedure for postponing days off coinciding with non-working holidays applies equally to work modes with both permanent days of the week fixed on the days of the week and sliding days of rest.

For employers whose suspension of work on non-working holidays is impossible due to production, technical and organizational conditions (for example, continuously current production, daily services to the population, etc.), the transfer of days off, provided for by part 2 of article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is not carried out.

Article 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Reduced working hours are set:

For employees under the age of sixteen - no more than 24 hours a week;

For employees aged sixteen to eighteen years - no more than 35 hours per week;

For employees who are disabled people of group I or II - no more than 35 hours a week;

For employees whose working conditions at their workplaces, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, are classified as harmful conditions labor 3 or 4 degree or dangerous working conditions - no more than 36 hours a week.

The duration of the working time of a particular employee is established by an employment contract on the basis of an industry (inter-sectoral) agreement and a collective agreement, taking into account the results of a special assessment of working conditions.

On the basis of an industry (inter-industry) agreement and a collective agreement, as well as the written consent of the employee, drawn up by concluding a separate agreement to the employment contract, the working hours specified in paragraph five of part one of this article may be increased, but not more than up to 40 hours per week with payment to the employee separately

The length of working time of persons under the age of eighteen who receive general education or secondary vocational education and combine education with work during the academic year may not exceed half of the norms established by part one of this article for persons of the corresponding age.

This Code and other federal laws may establish reduced working hours for other categories of employees (pedagogical, medical and other employees).

Part 1 of Article 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

When, according to the conditions of production (work), individual entrepreneur, in the organization as a whole or when performing certain types work, the daily or weekly working hours established for this category of workers (including workers engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions) cannot be observed; (month, quarter and other periods) did not exceed the normal number of working hours. The accounting period cannot exceed one year, and for accounting the working time of employees employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, three months.

Parts 4 and 5 of Article 173 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Employees who master state-accredited bachelor's programs, specialist's programs or master's programs in part-time and part-time forms of study for a period of up to 10 academic months before the start of passing the state final certification are set at their request a working week, reduced by 7 hours. During the time off from work specified employees paid 50 percent of the average salary at the main place of work, but not less minimum size wages.

By agreement of the parties to the employment contract, the reduction of working time is carried out by providing the employee with one day off from work per week or by reducing the length of the working day during the week.

Part 1 of Article 173.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Employees mastering the training programs for scientific and pedagogical staff in postgraduate (adjuncture) studies, residency programs and assistantship-internship programs for correspondence courses are entitled to:

Additional leave at the place of work lasting 30 calendar days during the calendar year with the preservation of average earnings. At the same time, to the specified additional leave of the employee, the time spent on travel from the place of work to the place of training and back is added, while maintaining the average earnings. The specified travel is paid by the employer;

One free day from work per week with payment in the amount of 50 percent of the wages received. The employer has the right to provide employees, at their request in the last year of study, with no more than two additional free days from work per week without pay.

Parts 4-5 of Article 174 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Employees mastering state-accredited educational programs secondary vocational education in part-time and part-time forms of education, within 10 academic months before the start of the state final certification, a working week is set at their request, reduced by 7 hours. During the period of release from work, the specified employees are paid 50 percent of the average earnings at their main place of work, but not less than the minimum wage.

By agreement of the parties to the employment contract, concluded in writing, the reduction of working time is carried out by providing the employee with one free day from work per week or by reducing the length of the working day (shift) during the week.

Part 2 of Article 176 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Employees mastering state-accredited educational programs of the basic general or secondary general education for part-time and part-time education, during the academic year, a working week is established at their request, reduced by one working day or by the number of working hours corresponding to it (with a reduction in the working day (shift) during the week). During the period of release from work, the specified employees are paid 50 percent of the average earnings at their main place of work, but not less than the minimum wage.

Article 305 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

The mode of operation, the procedure for granting days off and annual paid holidays are determined by agreement between the employee and the employer - individual. At the same time, the duration of the working week cannot be longer than that established by this Code.

Article 320 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

For women working in the regions of the Far North and areas equivalent to them, a 36-hour working week is established by a collective agreement or labor contract, unless a shorter working week is provided for them by federal laws. Wherein wage paid in the same amount as for a full-time work week.

Article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

For teaching staff a reduced working time of not more than 36 hours per week is established.

Depending on the position and (or) specialty of pedagogical workers, taking into account the characteristics of their work, the length of working hours (standard hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate), the procedure for determining the teaching load specified in the employment contract, and the grounds for its change, cases of establishing the upper limit of the educational workloads are determined by the federal executive body, which performs the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of higher education, in relation to pedagogical workers belonging to the teaching staff, and are determined by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, which performs the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of general education, in relation to other pedagogical workers.

Parts 1 and 2 of Article 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

For medical workers a reduced working time of no more than 39 hours per week is established. Depending on the position and (or) specialty, the working hours of medical workers are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For medical workers of healthcare organizations living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, the duration of part-time work may be increased by a decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 12, 2002 N 813 "On the duration of part-time work in healthcare organizations for medical workers living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements":

In accordance with Article 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation decides:

To establish the duration of part-time work in healthcare organizations for medical workers living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, no more than 8 hours a day and 39 hours a week.

Subparagraph 1 paragraph 5 of Article 47 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation":

Teachers are entitled to reduced working hours.

Paragraph 1 of Article 22 of the Federal Law of March 30, 1995 N 38-FZ "On the Prevention of the Spread in the Russian Federation of a Disease Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)":

Medical and other workers who diagnose and treat HIV-infected people, as well as persons whose work is related to materials containing the human immunodeficiency virus, are entitled to reduced working hours, additional annual paid leave for work in harmful and (or) dangerous conditions labor in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The duration of working hours and annual additional paid leave of medical workers who diagnose and treat HIV-infected people, as well as persons whose work is related to materials containing human immunodeficiency virus, is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Establishment of reduced working hours, increased wages and provision of annual additional paid leave for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions for other employees who diagnose and treat HIV-positive people medical organizations, subordinate to the federal executive authorities, medical organizations subordinate to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as other employees from among civilian personnel military units, institutions and subdivisions of federal executive bodies, in which the law provides for military and equivalent service, are carried out based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions.

Part 1 of Article 16 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 15, 1991 N 1244-1 "On social protection citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant":

Citizens (including those temporarily sent or seconded) specified in clause 5 of the first part of Article 13 of this Law (citizens employed in work in the exclusion zone) are provided with increased wages, reduced working hours and additional paid leave.

Clause 1 of Article 22 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 2, 1992 N 3185-1 "On psychiatric care and guarantees of the rights of citizens in its provision":

Medical and other workers involved in the provision of psychiatric care are entitled to reduced working hours, additional annual paid leave for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The duration of working hours and annual additional paid leave of medical workers involved in the provision of psychiatric care is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The establishment of reduced working hours, increased wages and the provision of annual additional paid leave for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions to other employees of medical organizations participating in the provision of psychiatric care, subordinate to federal executive authorities, state academies of sciences, medical organizations, subjects of the Russian Federation subordinate to the executive bodies of state power, as well as other employees from among the civilian personnel of military units, institutions and subdivisions of federal executive bodies in which the law provides for military service and equivalent service, are carried out based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions.

Paragraph 1 of Article 15 Federal Law of June 18, 2001 N 77-FZ "On Preventing the Spread of Tuberculosis in the Russian Federation":

Medical, veterinary and other employees directly involved in the provision of anti-tuberculosis care, as well as employees of organizations for the production and storage of livestock products that serve farm animals with tuberculosis, are entitled to reduced working hours, annual additional paid leave for working with harmful and (or ) dangerous working conditions in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The duration of working hours and annual additional paid leave of medical workers directly involved in the provision of anti-tuberculosis care is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Establishment of reduced working hours, increased wages and provision of annual additional paid leave for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions directly involved in the provision of anti-tuberculosis care to other employees of federal budget institutions, budgetary institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as other employees from among the civilian personnel of military units, institutions and divisions of federal executive bodies in which the law provides for military service and equivalent service, are carried out based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions.

Working hours, annual additional paid leave and increased wages for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions for veterinary and other workers directly involved in the provision of anti-tuberculosis care, as well as employees of organizations for the production and storage of livestock products serving tuberculosis patients farm animals are established in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law No. 136-FZ of 07.11.2000 "On social protection of citizens employed in work with chemical weapons":

Parts 2 and 3 of Article 1:

The first group of work with chemical weapons includes:

1) research and development work, in the course of which toxic chemicals related to chemical weapons are used;

2) work on the detoxification and detoxification of chemical munitions, containers and devices, detoxification of toxic chemicals in the production areas of experimental, experimental-industrial and industrial facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons;

3) work on maintenance and inspection of chemical weapons related to the sampling of toxic chemicals related to chemical weapons, as well as work on the destruction of individual chemical munitions, containers and devices that are in disrepair;

4) work to eliminate facilities for the production of chemical weapons.

The second group of work with chemical weapons includes:

1) chemical weapons maintenance work not related to the sampling of toxic chemicals related to chemical weapons;

2) transportation of chemical weapons to the places of their destruction;

3) work to ensure the safety of storage and maintenance technological equipment used for the production of chemical weapons;

4) scientific and technical support work on the detoxification and detoxification of chemical munitions, containers and devices, detoxification of toxic chemicals in the production areas of experimental, pilot-industrial and industrial facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons, as well as the implementation of state supervision in the field of destruction of chemical weapons;

5) scientific and technical support for the elimination of facilities for the production of chemical weapons, as well as the implementation of state supervision in the field of destruction of chemical weapons;

6) medical and sanitary support for the storage and destruction of chemical weapons, liquidation of facilities for the production of chemical weapons;

7) security fire safety when carrying out work on the storage and destruction of chemical weapons, liquidation of facilities for the production of chemical weapons.

Article 5:

Citizens employed in the jobs provided for by Part 2 of Article 1 of this Federal Law are set a reduced 24-hour work week and an annual paid leave of 56 calendar days.

Citizens employed in the jobs provided for by Part 3 of Article 1 of this Federal Law are set a reduced 36-hour work week and an annual paid leave of 49 calendar days.

Part 3 of Article 23 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 N 181-FZ "On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation":

For disabled people of groups I and II, a reduced working time of no more than 35 hours per week is established with full pay.

Clause 1.3 of the Decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated 01.11.1990 N 298 / 3-1 "On urgent measures to improve the situation of women, the family, the protection of motherhood and childhood in the countryside":

1.3. For women working in rural areas, a 36-hour working week is established, unless a shorter working week is provided for by other legislative acts. In this case, wages are paid in the same amount as for the full duration of weekly work.

Clause 1 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2003 N 101 "On the duration of the working hours of medical workers depending on their position and (or) specialty":

1. Establish the following reduced working hours for medical workers, depending on their position and (or) specialty:

36 hours a week - according to the list in accordance with Appendix No. 1;

33 hours a week - according to the list in accordance with Appendix No. 2;

30 hours per week - according to the list in accordance with Appendix No. 3;

24 hours a week - for medical workers who directly carry out gamma therapy and experimental gamma irradiation with gamma preparations in radio manipulation rooms and laboratories.

Appendix No. 1, Appendix No. 2 and Appendix No. 3 to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2003 N 101 "On the working hours of medical workers depending on their position and (or) specialty"

Appendix No. 1 to the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated December 22, 2014 N 1601 "On the duration of working hours (norms of hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate) of pedagogical workers and on the procedure for determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers, stipulated in the employment contract"

Clause 6 of the Regulations "On the peculiarities of the regime of working hours and rest periods of crew members aircraft Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2005 N 139:

6. The normal working hours of a flight crew member and flight operator may not exceed 36 hours per week.

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of July 12, 1999 N 22 "On establishing the duration of the working week for members of the crews of civil aviation aircraft":

Crew members of civil aviation aircraft (pilots, navigators, flight engineers, flight mechanics, flight radio operators, flight operators) for work with harmful, dangerous, stressful and difficult working conditions of a special nature are set a 36-hour working week when performing flight work.

Clause 5 of the Regulation "On the peculiarities of the regime of working hours and rest periods of employees who control the air traffic of civil aviation of the Russian Federation", approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of 30.01.2004 N 10:

The normal working hours of an air traffic controller may not exceed 36 hours per week.

Paragraph 10 "Regulations on the peculiarities of the regime of working hours and rest time for employees of the floating composition of inland waterway transport", approved. Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of May 16, 2003 N 133:

10. During year-round navigation on sea routes, the maximum duration of work of seafarers between two periods of rest on the shore (being on vacation, using the summed days of rest) should not exceed 150 calendar days.

Paragraphs 5 and 7 of the Regulations "On the peculiarities of the regime of working hours and rest periods for crew members (civilian personnel) of supply ships of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", approved by Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated May 16, 2003 N 170:

5. Working hours for crew members (civilian personnel) of ships should not exceed 40 hours per week (with an 8-hour working day) with two days off provided on different days of the week alternately according to the shift (watch) schedule.

for women - crew members of ships working in the Far North and equivalent areas, the working day is 7.2 hours with a 36-hour working week with two days off;

for members of the crews of nuclear service ships (ATO), carrying out work with submarines and surface ships and ships with nuclear power plants, the working day is 6 hours with a 36-hour working week with one day off

7. The procedure for maintaining a summarized record of working time is established by the internal labor regulations of the formation (military unit) in agreement with the relevant elected trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees labor collective based on the specific operating conditions of the vessel and established schedule shifts (work), and also taking into account the fact that the maximum duration of work of ship crew members between two periods of rest on shore (being on vacation, using the summed days of rest) should not exceed 120 calendar days. When performing work in long-distance navigation the duration of work on board the ship for crew members or individual members may be increased up to 150 calendar days.

Clauses 2.2 and 2.4 of the Regulations “On working hours and rest time for employees of floating ships navy", approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of February 20, 1996 N 11:

2.2. The normal working hours for crew members is 40 hours per week with two days off on Saturday and Sunday.

Reduced working hours are established for individual crew members:

For women - crew members of ships working in the Far North and equivalent areas - 7.2 hours from Monday to Friday inclusive, that is, 36 hours a week with two days off on Saturday and Sunday;

For crew members of group "A" of nuclear-powered ships and nuclear-technological service vessels (NTO) - 6 hours from Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, 36 hours a week with one day off on Sunday.

2.4. The duration of the accounting period is determined by the shipowner in agreement with the relevant elected trade union body or other representative body of the labor collective authorized by the employees, based on the specific operating conditions of the vessel (the duration of the operational or navigation period, the duration of the voyage, the area of navigation, the type of cargo carried, the time spent under cargo operations in port) and the established schedule of shifts (work) of crew members, as well as from the fact that the maximum duration of work of crew members on ships between two periods of rest on shore (being on vacation, using the summed days of rest) should not exceed 120 calendar days.

In cases of difficulty with the change of the entire crew or individual members of it in foreign or Arctic ports, the delay of the vessel on the voyage, parking in the port, where the change of crew is associated with significant costs and time, the duration of work on the vessel of the crew or its individual members may be increased to 150 calendar days.

Clause 11 of the Regulation “On working hours and rest time for employees of restaurant cars and employees of ship restaurants of sea and river transport, employees of shop cars and other similar trade enterprises and Catering", approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Labor, the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of September 12, 1964 N 431/25:

With a line-by-line system of accounting for work for employees of restaurant cars, buffet compartments and shop cars, the accounting period (tour) is the time from the moment they arrive at work for a trip until the moment they arrive at work after resting at a permanent work center. The number of departures (flights) of employees is established by the administration in agreement with the local committee of the trade union. At the same time, the total duration of stay of employees on trips should not exceed 25 consecutive days, with the exception of flights with special-purpose trains.

Clause 4 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04/03/1996 N 391 "On the procedure for granting benefits to employees at risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus in the performance of their official duties":

4. Employees of healthcare organizations engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected people, as well as employees of organizations whose work is related to materials containing the human immunodeficiency virus, are set to work 36 hours a week.

Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 11, 2013 N 457n the duration of reduced working hours and annual additional paid leave for work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions for veterinary and other workers directly involved in the provision of anti-tuberculosis care, as well as employees of organizations for the production and storage of livestock products, servicing farm animals with tuberculosis.

Clause 3 and clause 5 of the Regulations on the peculiarities of the working hours and rest periods of crew members from among the civilian personnel of border patrol vessels, boats (approved by Order of the FSB of the Russian Federation of 04/07/2007 N 161):

3. Normal working hours for crew members may not exceed 40 hours per week with two days off provided on different days of the week alternately according to the watch (work) schedule.

For individual members of the crews of ships, a reduced working time is established:

for women - members of the crews of ships working in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, the working day is 7.2 hours with a 36-hour working week with two days off.

5. Keeping a summarized record of working time is carried out in accordance with the internal labor regulations of the border body in agreement with the relevant elected trade union body or other representative body of the labor collective authorized by employees, based on the specific working conditions of the ship and the established watch (work) schedule, as well as taking into account the fact that the maximum duration of work of crew members between two periods of rest on shore (being on vacation, using the summed days of rest) should not exceed 120 calendar days. When performing work on a long-distance voyage, the duration of work on a ship for members of the crew or its individual members may be increased up to 150 calendar days.

Paragraph 3 of Part 1 of Article 263.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

Women working in rural areas have the right to establish a reduced working time of no more than 36 hours per week, unless a shorter working week is provided for them by federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. At the same time, wages are paid in the same amount as for a full-time work week.

The length of the working day under the Labor Code of 2019 cannot exceed certain values for certain categories of workers. Consider how the duration of work of employees is regulated, how the duration is fixed labor day in an organization, what length of the working day is considered the norm, and what is the exception.

Working hours according to the Labor Code in 2019

Labor Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 91 defines what working time is. This is the time when the worker must fulfill his job functionality in accordance with the internal labor regulations (hereinafter referred to as PWTR), as well as the terms of the contract with the employer. This article does not fix the normal (common for all workers) length of the working day.

In Art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines the maximum length of the working day for certain categories of workers. The maximum duration of work per day for ordinary workers who do not fall under these categories is not regulated by law. This feature labor law noted Rostrud back in 2007 (letter of Rostrud "Multi-shift operation" dated 01.03.2007 No. 474-6-0).

In the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, only the maximum weekly duration of labor is fixed. Weekly work for any employees cannot be longer than 40 hours, and the uninterrupted weekly rest time must be at least 42 hours (Articles 94, 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Despite the fact that the maximum duration of daily work is not established by federal legislation, on July 29, 2005, the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation approved the Guidelines for the Hygienic Assessment of Working Environment Factors ... No. Р.2.2.2006-05. According to the note to clause 3 of the Guidelines, if an employee works more than 8 hours a day, this must be agreed with Rospotrebnadzor.

Normal shift time

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not discuss the maximum time of daily work with a shift schedule. Thus, there are cases when the length of the shift can be a whole day. This is not a violation: in any case, the weekly number of hours cannot exceed 40.

The establishment of 2 shifts per week for 24 hours is illegal, since in this case the weekly working time will be 48 hours. If the weekly working time exceeds 40 hours, it is necessary to negotiate with the employee whether he wants to work overtime. The optimal setting for one shift is 24 hours, and the second shift is 16 hours.

Thus, the legislator has not established the normal length of a shift for general categories of workers, however, when fixing it, it is necessary to proceed from the maximum working time per week.

How the number of daily working hours is distributed depending on the number of working days in a week

In normal mode, the working week is usually five or six days. It is also possible to include fewer days in the working week - depending on the characteristics specific organization and labor regime (Article 100 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The five-day work schedule is considered a classic.

With a five-day work week, workers work 8 hours a day. Many personnel officers consider this mode of operation to be the most rational, since it has been proven that in this case maximum labor productivity is achieved. In addition, employees working under this scheme always have 2 days off, which most often fall on Saturday and Sunday, which has a beneficial effect on the efficiency of the organization.

A different distribution of working days in a week is also possible, for example, during shift work. In this case, days off often do not fall on Saturday and Sunday, are not tied to these days.

With a part-time work week, a worker can work even 1 day a week - it all depends on the number of his weekly working hours. For example, if there are only 5 of them per week, there is no point in stretching these hours for 5 working days, although this is not prohibited by law.

The employer himself decides how it is expedient to distribute the working hours allocated to the employee within the framework of the week. The main rule is that the total number of weekly hours of work should not exceed 40, and the weekly uninterrupted rest should not be less than 42 hours.

For some categories of workers, the maximum length of the working day is legally established. Consider which categories of workers this applies to and what is the maximum daily working time.

Working hours for minors

As mentioned above, the law does not establish a general maximum amount hours per day for all categories of workers. At the same time, Art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes categories of workers who cannot work anymore a certain amount hours a day. The same rules apply to the maximum duration of a shift in a shift schedule.

Minors are less protected than adults. Their body and psyche have not yet been fully formed, which was the reason for the legislator to fix for minors in Art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, reduced daily labor time (as well as reduced labor time per week, established in article 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

At the same time, the duration of the daily work of students depends on the period in which they work: during holidays or school time. The law provides for the following maximum length of the working day (shift) of employees during holidays:

for employees aged 14 to 15 years - 4 hours;
employees aged 15 to 16 - 5 hours;
employees aged 16 to 18 years - 7 hours.

The same rules apply to minors who do not study anywhere.

Don't know your rights?

For minors who work during the school year, a shorter working day is fixed. For students aged 14-16 it is only 2.5 hours, and for students aged 16-16 it is 4 hours.

Working hours for people with disabilities

Disabled Art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits working in excess of the daily norm, but does not establish the norm itself. This is due to the fact that each disease is individual, some disabled people can work without restrictions, and some do not have the opportunity to work at all.

Each disabled person, before employment or after receiving a disability, must contact a clinic that issues a medical certificate in accordance with the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 02.05.2012 No. 441n, which approved the Procedure for issuing medical certificates and conclusions (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure). The conclusion contains an assessment of the health status of a particular disabled person based on the survey. According to paragraph 13 of the Procedure, the conclusion should contain conclusions about the presence of contraindications for the implementation labor activity, studies, compliance of the state of health with the work performed.

Thus, the doctor can limit the maximum daily work time of a particular disabled person or even prohibit work. The restriction or prohibition of the work of disabled people cannot be regarded as a restriction of the constitutional right of a person to work, since in this case such measures are aimed at protecting the individual.

The length of the working day of workers in hazardous and dangerous jobs

For workers in hazardous or hazardous work, art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation limits the maximum daily (shift) working time. The extent to which working conditions are harmful or dangerous determines special commission, which is formed by the employer (the law "On special evaluation working conditions” dated December 28, 2013 No. 426-FZ, art. 9).

According to Part 1 of Art. 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the norm of working hours per week for those working in hazardous and hazardous work is 36. At the same time, the weekly norm of working hours can be set by the head and in a smaller volume, in particular, 30 hours per week.

For those who work 36 hours a week, the maximum daily workload cannot exceed 8 hours. For those who work 30 hours a week, the daily load should be no more than 6 hours. At the same time, it is possible to conclude an agreement with employees on increasing the time of daytime (shift) work up to 12 and 8 hours, respectively.

Other categories of workers for whom the law determines the number of daily working hours

The law determines the daily norm of hours not only for the already listed categories of workers, but also for some others. The fixing of a specific norm in this case is not connected with the characteristics of the workers themselves, for example, their age, but is correlated with the specifics of a particular job or employment in several jobs.

Working hours are defined as:

for persons working part-time - no more than 4 hours a day; if on a particular day a part-time employee does not work at the main job, you can work full-time at an additional job (Article 284 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
workers on water vessels (seafarers) - 8 hours a day with a five-day week (clause 6 of the regulation on the features of the regime ... workers of a floating train ... ”, approved by order of the Ministry of Transport dated May 16, 2003 No. 133);
women working on ships in the regions of the Far North - 7.2 hours a day (paragraph 6 of the provision indicated above);
minors from 17 to 18 years old working on ships - 7.2 hours a day (clause 6 of the provision referred to above);
drivers with a 5-day work week - 8 hours a day, with a 6-day work week - 7 hours (clause 7 of the regulation on the peculiarities of working hours and rest time for car drivers, approved by order of the Ministry of Transport on 20.08.2004 No. 15).

part-time work

The possibility of establishing part-time work is established in Art. 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The manager can fix both a part-time work week and part-time work. No one forbids combining a part-time work week with part-time work, for example, a 3-day week of 5 working hours.

Part-time work is the result of an agreement between the employee and the manager. By general rule the employer has the right to refuse to satisfy the employee's application for a part-time transfer. However, Part 1 of Art. 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for cases when the boss does not have the right to refuse an employee to work a limited number of hours a day or days a week.

The above applies to the following categories of workers:

pregnant women (part 1 of article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
parents (guardians or trustees) of a minor child or a disabled minor (part 1 of article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
workers caring for a sick family member (if there is evidence - a medical report) (part 1 of article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
employees who are on parental leave (Article 256 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

With part-time work, only those hours and days that were worked are paid, that is, wages are reduced (compared to the usual 40-hour work week). Leave and seniority are calculated in the same way as in the general case.

Working hours before weekends and holidays

Before weekends and holidays (non-working), working hours should be reduced by 1 hour. This is an imperative requirement of Art. 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, the article also provides an exception to the rule.

So, if it is impossible to establish a shortened day in the organization on the eve of weekends or holidays, since the activity is continuous, it is allowed to transfer this rest time to another time or monetary compensation to employees (the rules for paying overtime work apply).

If the organization has a six-day working week, the work time on the holiday day or the day before the day off cannot be more than 5 hours. There are no similar rules regarding the five-day work week.

An indicative list of holidays is established by Section 1 of the Rostrud Recommendations on Compliance with Labor Legislation No. 1 of June 2, 2014.

How to fix the length of the working day for all employees of the organization or a specific employee

The procedure for fixing the length of daytime working time in an organization depends on whether it is established for one worker or for the entire team. The mode of operation common to all is fixed in the PVTR.

If all workers work in the same mode, then the number of working days and days off, working hours per day can be fixed exclusively in the PWTR, without duplicating information in labor contracts, since there is no practical sense in this. In this case, the contracts can make a typical reference to the PWTR, which determine the mode of operation.

A different situation arises when for some workers a different duration of daily working hours is established than for all others. In this case, this information should be indicated in the employment contract with a specific employee (Article 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

When an employee is involved in part-time work, the procedure for hiring practically does not differ from the general one. There are two differences. Firstly, the work schedule is signed in the employment contract. this employee, and secondly, in the order for employment, a note is made that the employee has been hired part-time.

In order to change the working hours of a specific employee, an appropriate additional agreement to the employment contract, which indicates the new mode of work.

So, the total (normal) daily duration of work of workers has not been established. At the same time, based on the 40-hour work week and the number of working days, each manager has the opportunity to calculate the optimal number of daily working hours for workers in the organization. At the same time, one should not forget that for some categories of workers it is impossible to set a working day more than a certain number of hours.

Although people throughout history have had to work to exist, today humanity lives in a society in which it is assumed that everyone has economic freedom, although in reality people are in real slavery without realizing it. Everyone automatically accepts a forty-hour workweek with meager hourly pay as the norm, even though many work overtime and still struggle to make ends meet. There are also those who earn enough to live comfortably, but at the same time cannot ask for a reduction in the number of working hours: you either work 40 hours a week or do not work at all. People obey when they are told what to wear, when to come to and from work, when they can eat, and even when they can use the restroom. How come they let themselves be treated like this?

Story

The 40-hour work week was introduced during the Industrial Revolution in Britain, when people worked 10 to 16 hours a day, and at one point they began to protest. Working conditions began to deteriorate for Americans as well, and by 1836 labor movement publications were calling for a forty-hour workweek.
The people were so tired from backbreaking labor that the eight-hour day was accepted with ease. This system is absolutely unnecessary now (and was it needed then?), but it is still accepted because of the influence of capitalist society.

Impact factors

There are many factors that have contributed to the development of the modern economic system and the continued adoption of the forty-hour workweek. Among them, three main ones can be distinguished: consumerism, inflation and debt. And to begin with, it is necessary to understand what inflation is, how it works, and how it leads to debt as a result.

Inflation

What is inflation? Suppose the US government needs money to fight another war that it has decided to start this year. It requests a loan from the Federal Reserve, and the Federal Reserve agrees to purchase bonds from governments for the amount of the requested debt. The US government prints a set of papers with the word "Bond" written on it, while the Federal Reserve prints a set of papers that are known to everyone as money.
An exchange (bonds for money) takes place between the Federal Reserve and the Government, and the Government directly transfers the newly printed money to another bank, which in turn receives its share of fees and interest. Voila - money was created out of thin air.

Electronic economy

And although now this process in most cases occurs in in electronic format(only three percent of money is now in physical form, the other 97 percent exists in computers) anyway the problem is that it devalues the dollar. Previously, the currency was valued in gold - it gave money value.
Right now, the value of money is determined by the Federal Reserve, which has no qualms about lowering the value of the dollar by printing more currency (in other words, creating legal counterfeit money). For just the cost of printing, the Federal Reserve creates money that the US government promises to return - to return money that did not exist in the first place.

Depreciation of money

The same thing happens when banks lend to ordinary people. Every time such a transaction occurs, the value of the currency decreases - and inflation results. One dollar in 1913 was worth 21.6 dollars in 2007. That's a 96 percent devaluation since the Fed came into existence. How does this lead to economic slavery? With the help of debt, which creates inflation.

Duty

Since money is created through loans, it means that it is created through debt. Money equals debt, and debt equals money. So what more money the greater the debt, and vice versa. This means that if the government and every individual paid off all their debts, not a single dollar would be left in circulation. The percentage also plays an important role in the equation. When you take out a loan and the bank gives you money that doesn't technically exist, you are supposed to pay back that money with interest. And if the amounts that make up the loan come from the Federal Reserve, where does the interest money come from?
The answer is nowhere. This means that, no matter what, people will never be able to get out of debt, and that is exactly what main goal this carefully planned system. Someone, somewhere, is bound to go bankrupt to cover the interest that is paid out of even more debt. And so people continue to sink further into the hole of debt as the cost of living continues to rise, making it increasingly difficult to survive in today's economy. The desperate desire to survive, coupled with the fact that people were born into this system, makes them accept the 40-hour workweek without a second thought.

Benefits for banks and corporations

Now you understand why people calmly perceive the situation in which they are. But how does a forty-hour work week benefit banks and corporations? After all, studies show that the average worker does only three hours of work per eight-hour workday, yet corporate incomes rise and wages fall.
Productivity is growing, while pay is practically not increasing - this is not the first year. Corporate profits are at the very high level over the past 85 years. So why aren't people getting paid more? Why don't they work less? Why don't those who need it get jobs? All this leads to the concept of consumerism.

consumerism

Consumerism is the belief that it is good for a person to spend a lot of money on various goods and services. Once upon a time, this belief may have seemed justified, but under the modern capitalist system and the high cost of living, consumerism has begun to have a negative impact on society, especially when inflation and rising debt are taken into account. The more people buy, the more they feed the banks and corporations that push people further into the pit of economic slavery. From whatever angle you look at the current situation, society has become unhappy, thoughtless, overworked and overburdened. People buy stupid little things for a few seconds of happiness before they get bored and move on. They feel the need to keep up with the quirks or try to match the image of an adult, which they have learned since childhood. People hide their weaknesses, avoid problems and replace their psychological needs with material objects. If society continues to have no free time, people will be willing to pay more for the conveniences, pleasures, and other forms of relaxation they can acquire. Maintaining an unhealthy state of society has become very beneficial for large corporations, and on this moment their efforts in this area are successful. Society has become an industrial branch that functions through economic slavery, and consumerism is a key factor in this corrupt system - a system that people have the opportunity to influence directly. Consumers are the only people who can stop consuming.