Legislation, as we know, provides some guarantees of benefits to those persons who are involved in work with harmful conditions. True, not every employee or employer is aware of which of the conditions are considered harmful, which of the benefits are due to employees involved there.

List of professions: retirement on harmfulness

Approximately 50% of companies in the production sector in our country belong to the group of harmful ones. More specifically, in the country as a whole, approximately 40% of all positions in the manufacturing sector involve early retirement for the employee due to adverse conditions. According to the legislative acts that regulate the accrual of benefits to those employees involved in work with difficult conditions, early retirement is accompanied by compensatory payments of benefits for the damage caused to the body. These include:

• chronic diseases that were acquired during activities in hazardous workplaces;
• incomplete/perfect disability;
• fatal diseases received.

List of the most harmful professions

Today, to understand the fact whether a certain type of work belongs to harmful, one should read the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (November 20, 2008 No. 870). True, it is a framework, only obliging the Ministry of Health and Social Development to approve required documents, of which there are not so many adopted today.

Therefore, insofar as it does not contradict current legislation, the Decree of the USSR State Labor Committee, the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (October 25, 1974 No. 298 / P-22), instructions for using this list, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Labor Committee, the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of November 21, 1975 No. 273/P-20.

In addition, there are positions in which work is regarded as harmful, they are indicated in industry agreements or collective agreements of the organizations themselves.

What kind of work is considered harmful

It has already been said that such work is considered harmful, which leads to an increase in the number of diseases, a deterioration in the immunity of an employee, the appearance of occupational diseases, a decrease in a person’s working capacity, a negative impact on the ability to reproduce, and a decrease in the chances of having healthy children.

It is curious that, in accordance with all the resolutions and instructions, only representatives of working specialties that are associated with physical labor in the production process have the right to additional payments. At the same time, office workers do not have additional funds. There is only the possibility of obtaining those - to prove that workplace is detrimental to human health. Such situations occur when the company is located near the existing hazardous production or places where waste is buried.

At the same time, the work of an office worker, even when it is associated with the use of unfavorable digital equipment such as a PC monitor, will not be a reason for accruing additional funds. It is not used to recognize an activity as harmful for its significant duration. Many people work full or almost full days, then having 2 days off. Such a regime is bad for the body, but employees employed according to such a schedule are not certified as involved in hazardous production.

To carry out certification of workplaces, an agreement is required with the employer, who can initiate it himself. True, the labor protection service can only recommend such a study. If it has already been made, there is a possibility of introducing additional payments for the person involved in such an environment. Cancellation of such payments is made only in case of changes in conditions.

Harmful conditions according to the employment contract

According to Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in those situations where the specifics of the work performed involve the presence of harmful or especially dangerous conditions, in employment contract the following information is indicated:

• labor function (activity according to the position according to the staff list, profession, specialization; it is necessary to clarify qualifications, a clear type of work assigned). And if the performance of a set of works for such a position (profession, specialization) is also associated with compensation, benefits, certain restrictions, their list should be indicated according to the names prescribed in the qualification reference books;
• working hours when they differ from the general ones approved by this employer;
• payment terms (volumes tariff rate or salary (official salary), additional payments, allowances, incentive accruals);
• compensation for harmful and (or) dangerous conditions (characteristics of the working circumstances of this workplace are prescribed).

What are the harmful conditions

In accordance with legal documents, working conditions are all derivatives of the labor process in which the employee takes part. They have an impact on the state of his health, ability to work, relate to the performance of a person's production tasks.

Such conditions are accompanied by significant severity, as well as danger, risk of injury, factors that can cause chronic illness, partial or complete disability, even death. These factors include:

• dust level;
• the degree of gas contamination;
• high humidity;
• significant background radiation;
• lack of natural lighting;
• high degree of noise;
• activities with mobile machines, mechanisms, harmful chemical or bacteriological substances, etc.

List of professions with harmful working conditions in 2016-2017

Each of us from childhood knows the expression "milk for harm", but few people realized the real content of this phrase. Some Russian citizens have worked and continue to work in conditions that cause irreversible damage to their health. Just in order to somewhat mitigate the negative results of the influence of negative factors on a person, in the USSR it was decided to give workers in hazardous professions milk in the amounts prescribed by the norm.

Today, milk is issued for harmful conditions only at selected enterprises of the Russian Federation, and even then more as a memory of the past, and not for medical purposes. But even now, in order to determine whether a given position or work is harmful, an appeal to the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991 No. 10, which is still relevant, is necessary. It suffered only minor adjustments in 2016. 2 lists (1, 2) are attached to the Decree, they are also called lists of privileged professions. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 665 dated July 16, 2014 extended the validity of the provisions that are listed in these lists, leaving them legally valid.

1. According to List No. 2 (list of hazardous professions), a pension for activities in dangerous, harmful conditions is due to those men who have worked in this industry for at least 12.5 years; women working under similar circumstances are at least 10 years old. In addition, there are requirements related to the total length of service. The latter should not be less than 25 years for men, not less than 20 years for women:

• for males, retirement is possible at age 55;
• for the female - at 50.

In addition, it should be remembered: the amount of a preferential pension is calculated taking into account the length of service in general, that is, the longer it is, the better it will be, the higher the salary, the better.

1. According to list No. 1 (significant level of severity, harmfulness), male representatives have the right to retire early - at 50 years old, however, in cases where their work experience as a whole is not less than 20 years, under harmful conditions - more than 10 years. The weaker sex can retire before the term - at 45 years old, with a total length of service starting from 15 years, working in hazardous conditions - from 7.5 years.

Rights of the worker under harmful conditions

This list contains mainly such professions, regular stay in the conditions of which is harmful to a person. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that those who work in such harmful conditions have the right to retire earlier than the period prescribed in the ordinary position. Workers, specialists involved in certain types of ships of the sea, river, fleet of the fishing industry, have the right to accrue pensions for length of service.

The Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation decides:

Approve the attached clarification agreed with the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for applying Lists No. 1 and industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators giving the right to preferential pension coverage, approved by a decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR of January 26, 1991 year N 10, and additions to these Lists, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR of August 9, 1991 N 591".

Minister of Labor of the Russian Federation

G. Memekyan

Registration N 503

Clarification dated February 25, 1994 N 3
"On the procedure for applying Lists No. 1 and 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators giving the right to preferential pension provision, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR of January 26, 1991 N 10, and additions to these Lists, approved by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated August 9, 1991 N 591"
(approved by resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of February 25, 1994 N 18)

The Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, in agreement with the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, explains:

According to List N 1 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators in underground work, in jobs with especially harmful and especially difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension (old age) on preferential terms, pensions should be assigned:

10200000 II. Ore preparation, enrichment, agglomeration 1020000a a) Workers 1020000a - Workers of repair services engaged in the repair of 1753 equipment at the places of its installation in areas (workplaces) where the main workers leading the technological process enjoy the right to preferential pension provision under List No. 1: Repairmen Foremen of mechanics on duty Foremen of electricians on duty On-duty locksmiths On-duty electricians Locksmiths for the repair of metallurgical equipment Locksmiths for the repair of metallurgical and cement equipment Locksmiths (electrical fitters) Electricians on duty and repair Electricians for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment Electricians-repairmen Electricians (electricians) on duty (operation) Electricians (electricians) assembly and repair Electric and gas welders Electric welders of manual welding Electric fitters (fitters) on duty and equipment repair - as fitters - repairmen, electric and gas welders, electricians for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, electric welders of manual welding, engaged in the repair of equipment at its installation sites at sites (working places) in the production of enrichment ores and sands during the extraction of non-ferrous, precious metals and diamonds, where the main workers leading the technological process enjoy the right to preferential pension provision under List No. 1. III. Metallurgical production (black metals) 10301000 1. Blast furnace production 1030100a a) Workers 1030100a - Slingers employed in hot areas 18897 jobs - as slingers employed in hot works 10303000 galvanized and lead production. Manufacture of rail fasteners, punching and cleaning of hot metal. Heat treatment. Production of calibrated metal. 1030300a a) Workers 1030300a - Neutralization operators employed in works 10386 with sulfuric acid - as neutralization operators employed in works with hydrochloric acid 1030300a - Regeneration operators employed in works with 10921 sulfuric acid - as regeneration operators employed in works with hydrochloric acid, 1030300a - Crane operators of metallurgical production 13792, employed in hot work areas, as well as in the maintenance of pickling, tinning, galvanizing units - as crane operators of metallurgical production, employed in hot work 10700000 VII. Metallurgical production (non-ferrous metals) 10705000 5. Production of metal by smelting and electrothermal methods 1070500a a) Workers 1070500a - Workers listed in this subsection, 17531 employed in the production of silicon by the electrothermal method, - as workers of the same professions employed in the production of metal by smelting and electrothermal methods 1070500b b) Managers and specialists 1070500b - Foremen, senior foremen engaged in obtaining silicon by the electrothermal method 23187 - as foremen, senior foremen engaged in obtaining metals by melting and electrothermal methods 10720000 17. Obtaining rare metals, calcium, magnesium and titanium by metallurgical and chemical-metallurgical methods ways 1072000a a) Workers 1072000a - Workers listed in this subsection, 17531 employed in the production of silicon by the chemical-metallurgical method, - as workers of the same professions employed in the production of rare metals, calcium, magnesium and titanium by the metallurgical and chemical-metallurgical methods 1072000b b ) Managers and specialists 1072000b- Foremen, senior foremen engaged in obtaining 23187 silicon by chemical-metallurgical methods - as foremen, senior foremen engaged in obtaining rare metals, calcium, magnesium and titanium by metallurgical and chemical-metallurgical methods 10900000IX. Production of explosives, initiating substances, gunpowder and equipment ammunition 10904000 4. Production of cotton cellulose, pyroxylin and colloxylin process and repair during the preparation of pyroxylin, hypochlorite solutions, heaving, washing, bleaching and drying 11000000 X. Processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, coal and oil shale 11,000,000 - To commodity operators involved in servicing 16,085 ethyl mixing plants in the production of leaded gasoline - as operators of process plants engaged in the production listed in paragraph 1 11100000 XI. metalworking 11101000 1. Foundry production 1111010a a) Workers 1110100a - Casters using the method of directional crystallization 13394 - as casters of metals and alloys 11101000 b) Managers and specialists 1110100b - Foremen, senior foremen in knockout areas areas of melting, pouring 11104000 5. Other professions in metalworking 1110400a) Workers 1110100a - Casters of needle-platinum products 12166 - as pourers of lead-tin alloys 12200000 XXII. Work with radioactive substances sources of ionizing radiation, beryllium and rare earth elements 12202000 2. Works on research, transport, pilot industrial nuclear reactors, on their prototypes and critical assemblies, pulsed reactors, experimental thermonuclear installations and powerful isotope irradiators of gamma radiation with an irradiator activity of 5 x 10 curies and above. 12202000 - Workers, managers and specialists, 17541 permanently and directly employed in maintenance, repair, adjustment and experimental work in conditions of radiation hazard when working at enterprises, research institutes, laboratories, design and development organizations 12203000 3. Work in storages and warehouses of radioactive substances 12203000 - Workers, managers and specialists permanently 17541 employed in the conditions of radiation hazard in receiving, repacking, packaging, storing and issuing radioactive substances and sources with an activity of more than 10 millicuries of radium-226 or an equivalent amount of radioactive substances in terms of radiotoxicity when working at enterprises, research institutes, laboratories, design and development organizations and medical institutions 12100000 XXIII. General Professions 12100000 - Hot tinkers 13417 - as solderers and hot tinkers engaged in soldering and tinning products with solders containing lead, as well as solders containing harmful substances of hazard classes 1 and 2 or carcinogens According to List No. 2 of industries, works, professions, positions and indicators with harmful working conditions, whose employment gives the right to an old-age pension on preferential terms, pensions should be assigned: 20300000 II. Ore preparation, enrichment, agglomeration (agglomeration, briquetting, pelletizing), roasting of ores and non-metallic minerals 2030000a a) Workers 2030100a - Workers engaged in the maintenance and repair of 17531 instrumentation and automation directly at their installation sites at sites (workplaces) where the main workers leading the technological process enjoy the right to preferential pension provision under List N 1: Duty electricians for the operation of control and measuring instruments and automatic control installations Assistant mechanics for the repair of scales Locksmiths for instrumentation and automation Locksmiths for the repair of scales Locksmiths for the repair of instrumentation and automation and automatic control installations Electric fitters for the repair of thermal control devices and automation of thermal processes, as fitters for instrumentation and automation, engaged in the enrichment of ores and sands in the extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals, diamonds, maintenance and repair of instrumentation and automation directly at their installation sites at sites (workplaces) where the main workers leading the technological process enjoy the right to preferential pension provision under List No. 1 20900000 VIII. Metallurgical production (non-ferrous metals) 20911000 9. Alumina production 2091100a a) Workers 2091100a - Operators - hydrometallurgists employed at 10187 thickeners, - as apparatus operators - hydrometallurgists employed at autoclaves and agitators, classifiers, caustifiers, decomposers, pulp preparation, filtration 209 22000 18. Obtaining rare metals, calcium, magnesium and titanium by metallurgical and chemical-metallurgical methods 2092200a - Workers, managers and specialists, 17541 listed in this subsection, employed in obtaining silicon by the chemical-metallurgical method - as workers, managers and specialists of the same professions and positions, employed on the production of rare metals, calcium, magnesium and titanium by metallurgical and chemical-metallurgical methods 21400000 XIII. Power plants, power trains, steam power economy 2140000a a) Workers 2140000a - Fuel supply drivers, provided that solid fuel is used 14261 2140000a - Locksmiths, electricians, electric fitters of all 18455 items, engaged in the maintenance and repair of fuel supply equipment, provided that solid fuel is used, as well as measuring instruments and automation that ensure the operation of this equipment 2140000a - Electrical fitters for the repair of high-voltage 19923 bushings employed at work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above - as electric fitters for the repair of switchgear equipment employed at work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above 2140000a - Electrical fitters for the repair of transformers, 19923 employed at work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above, - as electricians for the repair of switchgear equipment, employed at work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above 2140000a - Electric fitters - reinforcement workers employed in 19923 works in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above - as electric fitters for the repair of switchgear equipment employed in work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above 2140000a - Electric fitters for the repair of equipment and 19923 equipment of power plants, substations, closed and open switchgears, employed in work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above - as electric fitters for the repair of dividing equipment devices employed at work in operating (under rated voltage) electrical installations with a voltage of 330 kV and above 21500000 XIV. metalworking 21505000 5. Production of metal coating by electroplating 2150500a a) Workers Dimensional pickling etchers - as galvanizers (except for those employed only in suspension and removal of parts, as well as in the automatic mode of closed baths) 21700000 XVI. Manufacture of electronic products and radio equipment 21705000 3. Production of radio components 2170100a a) Workers 2170500a - Cleaners subject to cleaning of ceramics 12255 22100000 XX. Light industry 22102000 1. Textile industry 22102000 General professions 2210200 a) Workers 22400000 XXII. food industry 22415000 15. Primary processing of skins at meat-packing plants and agricultural enterprises 2241500a a) Workers 23300000XXXII. Work with radioactive substances sources of ionizing radiation and beryllium 23301000 1. Works on research, transport and experimental-industrial nuclear reactors and their prototypes conditions of radiation hazard, preferential pensions are assigned when working at enterprises, research institutes, laboratories, design and experimental design organizations 23305000 5. Work at accelerators, neutron generators with a neutron output of 10 neutrons per second and more 23305000 - Workers, managers and specialists permanently 1754d and directly working in conditions of radiation hazard during experimental and operational work, as well as workers and specialists engaged in the repair of equipment (for the time actually worked), preferential pensions are assigned when working at enterprises, research institutes, laboratories , design and development organizations 23306000 6. Works on burial and transportation of radioactive substances; work on decontamination, degassing and dust removal of overalls and equipment contaminated with radioactive substances and beryllium 23306000 - Workers, managers and specialists permanently 17541 employed in the assembly, processing, loading, unloading, transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive waste and beryllium, as well as decontamination and decontamination of equipment, premises, collection, repair and decontamination and dedusting of overalls, workers of sanitary checkpoints (showers) preferential pensions are assigned when working at enterprises, research institutes, laboratories, design and experimental design organizations 23200000XXXIII. General Professions 23200000 - Electric gas welders engaged in cutting and manual welding 19758 - as electric gas welders engaged in cutting and manual welding 23600000XXXIV. Nuclear power and industry 8. Work in the conditions of radiation and beryllium hazard 23608000 - All employees of factories with a non-workshop structure, 17541 industries, shops, mines, mines, quarries, mine administrations on the rights of mines, control and acceptance inspection and military acceptance, employed part-time in underground conditions and under the conditions of radiation or beryllium hazard in the industries provided for

“Milk for harmfulness” is an expression that has been heard by more than one generation.

This meant and means that people work in enterprises and industries where there are high risks to health. The negative that a person receives from such work was smoothed out, at least with free milk ( we are talking about the Soviet Union, where milk was given out free of charge, according to the established norm, depending on the impact of an aggressive environment on a person).

Today, milk is not given for harmfulness, however, other additional payments and benefits are required “for harmfulness”, compensating for hard and harmful work.

Legislative regulation

Unfortunately, not many can boast of excellent or satisfactory knowledge of the regulatory framework. Accordingly, few people know what types of work fall under the category of harmful, and employees do not know what rights and benefits, rights and additional payments they can receive.

To date, this area governs:

1. Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
2. Government Decree No. 198/P-22.
3. Government Decree No. 188.
4. Federal Law No. 426 “On a special assessment of working conditions”.

Lists with lists of professions

Hazard at work subdivided into levels, namely:

• 1 degree. It implies changes in the body that take place after a person stops such activities.
• 2 degree. With such a degree of harmfulness, persistent changes occur in the body, leading to the development of chronic ailments, especially if a person has been working in production for more than 15 years.
• 3 degree. This degree entails a persistent destruction of health, in which disability is possible.
• 4 degree. This degree denotes a functional disorder and so on, which entails a complete loss of disability.

The impact that harmful production has on a person cannot be estimated.

Such harm is usually measured by objective indicators, namely:

To date, there is a Government Decree, according to which people working in conditions of harmful effects have the right to receiving certain benefits. The first list was approved more than 60 years ago and applies to those people who began their labor activity during the Soviet Union, the second list of hazardous professions is intended for people working in modern Russia.

List 1- critical severity and harmfulness. List 2- a list of harmful professions, has many subsections, with a clear description of harmful professions, enterprises, as well as positions held.

List 1

The law establishes that men who are over 50 years old can apply as they accumulate a specific length of service, namely from 20 years. Moreover, from this experience, the period of work with harmful conditions should be equal to 10 years.

For women, a different age range is established, namely, reaching the age of 45, with a total work experience of 15 years. At the same time, in hazardous production, they must work for at least 7 years.

IN list of this list includes employees who are involved in:

1. Mining work.
2. In the production of metal, gas, and oil products. In the construction, chemical and glass industries.
3. Health care, transport and printing.
4. Other professions specified in the Government Decree.

List 2

At the Government level, it is approved that List 2 allows you to get the right to enter a well-deserved rest on legal grounds upon reaching a certain age.

Namely:

• men are allowed to receive the right to early retirement only at the age of 55. This becomes possible, taking into account the availability of experience in harmful work at least 12 years, with a total experience of 25 years.
• women can start preparing for early retirement at the age of 45. At work with harmful conditions, such persons must work for at least 10 years with a total experience of 20.

The resolution determines that List 2 allows you to exercise your right to early retirement for such categories of citizens who have carried out their labor activity:

• Mining and industry.
• Employed in the production and processing of metal, coal and shale.
• Carrying out activities in the field of communications, as well as the food industry, railway transport and social security.

It is important to note that this will vary depending on the work experience. Thus, the higher the length of service and the level of wages, the higher the accrual will be.

About harmful working conditions in the workplace is described in the following video:

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

TVER STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

(FGBOUVPO "TSTU")

Course work

in the discipline "Industrial Sanitation"

Topic: Harmful production factors affecting the repairman

Petrov Ivan Alexandrovich

Work checked:

Volkova Polina Andreevna

Introduction

1. Harmful production factors affecting the worker

1.3 Industrial noise

1.4 Ultrasound and infrasound

1.5 Industrial vibration

1.7 Laser radiation

1.8 Insufficient workplace lighting

2. The impact of the main factors on the body

3. Class of working conditions

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

Description of the technological process

A great many different machines and mechanisms are concentrated at the enterprises of various branches of the national economy. The uninterrupted operation of all these mechanisms, and hence the production output, depends on repairmen.

Repairmen carry out current, medium and major repairs, as well as installation, testing and adjustment of various equipment, machines and assemblies. It is impossible to list the mechanisms that repairmen have to deal with. This is truly creative work. Repairmen identify malfunctions, disassemble, repair and assemble various components, mechanisms and machines in general. They also make some parts and fixtures for repair and assembly. In this regard, the repairman must have a large stock of knowledge and skills. locksmith work harmful production

The profession of a locksmith originates from the moment when mankind began to invent machines, mechanisms, when specialists were needed to assemble, maintain and repair them. For the first time, locksmithing was mentioned in 1463 in the Vienna archives, and in 1545 a locksmith shop was formed in Germany. The name of the profession comes from the German word schlos - castle. Schlossers - the so-called craftsmen who made locks.

Personal qualities:

The work of a repairman belongs to the category of work with an average physical load. He must have good health in the field of the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system. He must have good eyesight, memory and an accurate eye. Education (What do you need to know?):

In addition to the device and principles of operation of the machines being repaired, you need to know the basics of metal technology, be able to use a wide variety of metalwork and control and measuring tools, lifting and transport vehicles, know the methods of metalwork processing and assembly of parts, and safety rules.

The basis of the work of a repairman is observation and technical ingenuity. A worker in this profession must correctly determine the cause of the malfunction and develop a plan to eliminate it. The labor productivity of a repairman largely depends on the correct solution of these problems.

Place of work and career:

The working conditions of a mechanic-repairman can be very different. He can work in a mechanical repair shop or a team, as well as individually as a repair mechanic on duty. Repairmen work both indoors at stationary workplaces and outdoors, in particular when repairing agricultural equipment.

1. Basic harmful factors applicable to the employee

Harmful production factor (VPF) is such a production factor, the impact of which on a worker under certain conditions leads to illness or reduced ability to work. Diseases that occur under the influence of harmful production factors are called professional.

Harmful production factors include:

* adverse meteorological conditions;

* dust and gas contamination of the air;

* exposure to noise, infra- and ultrasound, vibration;

* the presence of electromagnetic fields, laser and ionizing radiation, etc.

All dangerous and harmful production factors in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74 are divided into physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

TO physical factors include electric current, kinetic energy of moving machines and equipment or their parts, increased pressure of vapors or gases in vessels, unacceptable levels of noise, vibration, infrared and ultrasound, insufficient illumination, electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation, etc.

Chemical factors are substances harmful to the human body in various states.

Biological factors are the effects of various microorganisms, as well as plants and animals.

Psychophysiological factors are physical and emotional overload, mental strain, monotony of work.

1.1 Meteorological conditions of the working environment

The microclimate of industrial premises is determined by a combination of temperature, humidity, air mobility, the temperature of the surrounding surfaces and their thermal radiation. Microclimate parameters determine the heat exchange of the human body and have a significant impact on the functional state of various body systems, well-being, performance and health.

The temperature in industrial premises is one of the leading factors determining the meteorological conditions of the industrial environment.

The parameters of the microclimate of industrial premises depend on the thermophysical features of the technological process, climate, season, heating and ventilation conditions.

Thermal radiation (infrared radiation) is an invisible electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 0.76 to 540 nm, which has wave, quantum properties. The intensity of heat radiation is measured in W/m 2 . Infrared rays, passing through the air, do not heat it, but being absorbed by solids, the radiant energy turns into heat, causing them to heat up. The source of infrared radiation is any heated body.

Meteorological conditions for the working area of ​​industrial premises are regulated by GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area" and Sanitary norms for the microclimate of industrial premises (SN 4088-86).

Of fundamental importance in the norms is the separate rationing of each component of the microclimate: temperature, humidity, air velocity. In the working area, microclimate parameters must be provided that correspond to the optimal and permissible values.

The group of sanitary measures includes means of localization of heat releases and thermal insulation, aimed at reducing the intensity of thermal radiation and heat releases from equipment.

Measures to prevent the adverse effects of cold should include heat retention - prevention of cooling of industrial premises, selection of rational modes of work and rest, use of personal protective equipment, as well as measures to increase the body's defenses.

1.2 Harmful chemicals

Harmful is understood as a substance that, when in contact with the human body, causes occupational injuries, occupational diseases or deviations in health. Classification of harmful substances and general safety requirements are introduced by GOST 12.1.007-76.

The degree and nature of the violations of the normal functioning of the body caused by the substance depends on the route of entry into the body, the dose, the time of exposure, the concentration of the substance, its solubility, the state of the perceiving tissue and the organism as a whole, atmospheric pressure, temperature and other environmental characteristics.

Harmful substances enter the body through the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract and through the skin. The most likely penetration into the body of substances in the form of gas, vapor and dust through the respiratory system (about 95% of all poisoning).

The release of harmful substances into the air is possible during technological processes and work related to the use, storage, transportation of chemicals and materials, their extraction and manufacture.

Dust is the most common adverse factor in the working environment. Numerous technological processes and operations in industry, transport, and agriculture are accompanied by the formation and release of dust, and large contingents of workers can be exposed to it.

Maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area are established by GOST 12.1.005-88.

Particular attention should be paid to the use of personal protective equipment, primarily for respiratory protection (filtering and insulating gas masks, respirators, goggles, special clothing).

1.3 Industrial noise

In production conditions, noise sources are working machines and mechanisms, hand-held power tools, electrical machines, compressors, forging and pressing, lifting and transport, auxiliary equipment(ventilation units, air conditioners), etc.

Permissible noise characteristics of workplaces are regulated by GOST 12.1.003-83 "Noise, general safety requirements" (change I.III.89) and Sanitary standards for permissible noise levels at workplaces (SN 3223-85) as amended and supplemented on 03/29/1988 year No. 122-6 / 245-1.

According to the nature of the spectrum, noise is divided into broadband and tonal.

According to the temporal characteristics, the noise is divided into permanent and non-permanent. In turn, intermittent noise is divided into time-varying, intermittent and impulsive.

As characteristics of constant noise at workplaces, as well as to determine the effectiveness of measures to limit its adverse effects, sound pressure levels are taken in decibels (dB) in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000 Hz.

As a general measure of noise in workplaces, a sound level estimate in dB(A) is used, which is the average value of the frequency response of sound pressure.

A characteristic of intermittent noise at workplaces is an integral parameter - the equivalent sound level in dB(A).

Considering that it is not always possible to solve the problem of noise reduction with the help of technical means, much attention should be paid to the use of personal protective equipment (antiphons, plugs, etc.). The effectiveness of personal protective equipment can be ensured by their the right choice depending on the levels and spectrum of noise, as well as control over the conditions of their operation.

1.4 Ultrasound and infrasound

Recently, technological processes based on the use of ultrasound energy have become more and more widespread in production. Ultrasound has also found application in medicine. In connection with the growth of unit powers and speeds of various units and machines, noise levels increase, including in the ultrasonic frequency range.

Ultrasound is called mechanical vibrations of an elastic medium with a frequency exceeding the upper limit of hearing -20 kHz. The unit of sound pressure level is dB. The unit of measurement for the intensity of ultrasound is watts per square centimeter (W/cm2).

The degree of severity of the changes depends on the intensity and duration of exposure to ultrasound and increases in the presence of high-frequency noise in the spectrum, while a pronounced hearing loss is added. In the case of continued contact with ultrasound, these disorders become more persistent.

Small doses - sound level 80-90 dB - give a stimulating effect - micromassage, acceleration metabolic processes. Large doses - a sound level of 120 dB or more - give a striking effect.

In accordance with GOST 12.1.01-89 "Ultrasound. General safety requirements", "Sanitary norms and rules for working on industrial ultrasonic installations" (No. 1733-77), sound pressure levels in the high-frequency region of audible sounds and ultrasounds at workplaces are limited ( from 80 to 110 dB at geometric mean frequencies of one-third octave bands from 12.5 to 100 kHz).

Ultrasound transmitted by contact is regulated by the "Sanitary norms and rules for working with equipment that creates ultrasounds transmitted by contact to the hands of workers" No. 2282-80.

When designing ultrasonic installations, it is advisable to use operating frequencies that are the furthest from the audible range - not lower than 22 kHz.

To exclude the effect of ultrasound when in contact with liquid and solid media, it is necessary to install a system automatic shutdown ultrasonic transducers during operations during which contact is possible (for example, loading and unloading of materials). To protect hands from the contact action of ultrasound, it is recommended to use a special working tool with a vibration-isolating handle.

The development of technology and vehicles, the improvement of technological processes and equipment are accompanied by an increase in the power and dimensions of machines, which leads to a tendency to increase low-frequency components in the spectra and the appearance of infrasound, which is a relatively new, not fully understood factor in the production environment.

Infrasound is called acoustic vibrations from a frequent! below 20 Hz. This frequency range lies below the threshold of audibility and the human ear is not able to perceive vibrations of these frequencies.

Production infrasound arises due to the same processes as the noise of audible frequencies. The greatest intensity of infrasonic vibrations is created by machines and mechanisms that have large surfaces that perform low-frequency mechanically! vibrations (infrasound of mechanical origin) or turbulent flows of gases and liquids (infrasound of aerodynamic or hydrodynamic origin).

The maximum levels of low-frequency acoustic oscillations from industrial and transport sources reach 100-110 dB.

In accordance with the Hygienic Standards for Infrasound at Workplaces (No. 2274-80), according to the nature of the spectrum, infrasound is divided into broadband and harmonic. The harmonic nature of the spectrum is established in octave frequency bands by exceeding the level in one band over the neighboring ones by at least 10 dB.

According to temporal characteristics, infrasound is divided into permanent and non-permanent.

The normalized characteristics of infrasound at workplaces are sound pressure levels in decibels in octave frequency bands with geometric mean frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz.

Permissible sound pressure levels are 105 dB in the octave bands 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz and 102 dB in the octave band 31.5 Hz. In this case, the total sound pressure level should not exceed 110 dB Lin.

For intermittent infrasound, the normalized characteristic is the overall sound pressure level.

The theoretical substantiation of the flow of nonlinear processes in resonant-type absorbers, performed recently, opens up real ways to design sound-absorbing panels and casings that are effective in the low-frequency region.

As individual funds protection, it is recommended to use headphones, earmuffs that protect the ear from the adverse effects of accompanying noise.

Preventive measures of the organizational plan should include compliance with the regime of work and rest, prohibition of overtime work. If contact with ultrasound is more than 50% of the working time, breaks of 15 minutes are recommended every 1.5 hours of work. A complex of physiotherapeutic procedures gives a significant effect - massage, UT-irradiation, water procedures, vitaminization, etc.

1.5 Industrial vibration

Vibration is a mechanical oscillatory motion of a system with elastic bonds.

Vibration according to the method of transmission to a person (depending on the nature of contact with vibration sources) is conditionally divided into: local (local), transmitted to the hands of the worker, and general, transmitted through the supporting surfaces to the human body in a sitting position (buttocks) or standing (sole legs). The general vibration in the practice of hygienic regulation is designated as the vibration of workplaces. In production conditions, there is often a combined effect of local and general vibration.

Production vibration according to its physical characteristics has a rather complex classification.

According to the nature of the spectrum, vibration is divided into narrow-band and broad-band; by frequency composition - to low-frequency with a predominance of maximum levels in the octave bands of 8 and 16 Hz, mid-frequency - 31.5 and 63 Hz, high-frequency - 125, 250, 500, 1000 Hz - for local vibration; for workplace vibration - respectively 1 and 4 Hz, 8 and 16 Hz, 31.5 and 63 Hz.

According to the temporal characteristics, vibration is considered: constant, for which the value of the vibration velocity changes by no more than 2 times (by 6 dB) during the observation time of at least 1 min; variable, for which the magnitude of the vibration velocity changes by at least 2 times (by 6 dB) during the observation time of at least 1 min.

Non-constant vibration, in turn, is subdivided into oscillating in time, for which the level of vibration velocity continuously changes in time; intermittent, when the operator's contact with the vibration during operation is interrupted, and the duration of the intervals during which the contact takes place is more than 1 s; impulse, consisting of one or more vibrational effects (for example, shocks), each with a duration of less than 1 s at a repetition rate of less than 5.6 Hz.

Industrial sources of local vibration are manual mechanized machines of shock, shock-rotary and rotational action with pneumatic or electric drive.

Impact tools are based on the principle of vibration. These include riveting, chipping, jackhammers, pneumorammers.

Rotary impact machines include pneumatic and electric rotary hammers. They are used in the mining industry, mainly in the drilling and blasting method of extraction.

Manual mechanized rotary machines include grinders, drilling machines, electric and gasoline-powered saws.

Local vibration also occurs during grinding, emery, grinding, polishing work performed on stationary machines with manual feed of products; when working with hand tools without motors, for example, leveling work.

The main regulatory legal acts regulating the parameters of production vibrations are:

"Sanitary norms and rules for working with machines and equipment that create local vibration transmitted to the hands of workers" No. 3041-84 and "Sanitary norms for workplace vibration" No. 3044-84.

Currently, about 40 state standards regulate the technical requirements for vibration machines and equipment, vibration protection systems, methods for measuring and evaluating vibration parameters, and other conditions.

In order to prevent the adverse effects of local and general vibration, workers must use personal protective equipment: mittens or gloves (GOST 12.4.002-74. "Personal protection of hands against vibration. General requirements"); safety footwear (GOST 12.4.024-76. "Special vibration-proof footwear").

At enterprises with the participation of the sanitary and epidemiological supervision of medical institutions, labor protection services, a specific set of medical and biological preventive measures should be developed, taking into account the nature of the influencing vibration and the accompanying factors of the production environment.

1.6 Electromagnetic, electric and magnetic fields. Static electricity

Electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies (60 kHz-300 GHz) and electric fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz) can have a hazardous effect on workers.

The source of electric fields of industrial frequency are the current-carrying parts of existing electrical installations (power lines, inductors, capacitors of thermal installations, feeder lines, generators, transformers, electromagnets, solenoids, pulse installations of a half-wave or capacitor type, cast and metal-ceramic magnets, etc.).

The source of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies are:

V in the range of 60 kHz - 3 MHz - unshielded elements of equipment for induction metal processing (hardening, annealing, melting, soldering, welding, etc.) and other materials, as well as equipment and devices used in radio communications and broadcasting;

in the range of 3 MHz - 300 MHz - unshielded elements of equipment and devices used in radio communications, broadcasting, television, medicine, as well as equipment for heating dielectrics (welding plastic compounds, heating plastics, gluing wooden products, etc.);

in the range of 300 MHz - 300 GHz - unshielded elements of equipment and instruments used in radar, radio astronomy, radio spectroscopy, physiotherapy, etc.

Prolonged exposure to radio waves various systems The human body has a variety of consequences.

An effective means of protection against the effects of electromagnetic radiation is the shielding of radiation sources and the workplace using screens that absorb or reflect electromagnetic energy. The choice of screen design depends on the nature of the technological process, the power of the source, and the wavelength range.

For the manufacture of reflective screens, materials with high electrical conductivity are used, such as metals (in the form of solid walls) or cotton fabrics with a metal base. Solid metal screens are the most effective and already with a thickness of 0.01 mm provide attenuation of the electromagnetic field by about 50 dB (100,000 times).

For the manufacture of absorbing screens, materials with poor electrical conductivity are used. Absorbing screens are made in the form of pressed sheets of rubber of a special composition with conical solid or hollow spikes, as well as plates of porous rubber filled with carbonyl iron, with an pressed metal mesh. These materials are glued to the frame or to the surface of the emitting equipment.

An important preventive measure for protection against electromagnetic radiation is the fulfillment of the requirements for the placement of equipment and for the creation of premises in which there are sources of electromagnetic radiation.

Protection of personnel from overexposure can be achieved by placing RF, UHF, and microwave generators, as well as radio transmitters, in specially designed rooms.

Screens of radiation sources and workplaces are blocked with disconnecting devices, which makes it possible to exclude the operation of radiating equipment when the screen is open.

Permissible levels of exposure to workers and requirements for monitoring at workplaces for electric fields of industrial frequency are set out in GOST 12.1.002-84, and for electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - in GOST 12.1.006-84.

Enterprises widely use and receive in large quantities substances and materials with dielectric properties, which contributes to the occurrence of static electricity charges.

Static electricity is formed as a result of friction (contact or separation) of two dielectrics against each other or dielectrics against metals. At the same time, electric charges can accumulate on rubbing substances, which easily drain into the ground if the body is a conductor of electricity and it is grounded. Electric charges are held on dielectrics for a long time, as a result of which they are called static electricity.

The process of emergence and accumulation electric charges in substances is called electrification.

The phenomenon of static electrification is observed in the following main cases:

V flow and splashing of liquids;

in a jet of gas or steam;

upon contact and subsequent removal of two solid dissimilar bodies (contact electrification).

A discharge of static electricity occurs when the strength of the electrostatic field over the surface of a dielectric or conductor, due to the accumulation of charges on them, reaches a critical (breakthrough) value. For air, the breakdown voltage is 30 kB/cm.

Permissible levels of electrostatic field intensity are established by GOST 12.1.045-84 "Electrostatic fields. Permissible levels at workplaces and requirements for control" and Sanitary and hygienic standards for permissible electrostatic field strength (No. 1757-77).

These regulatory legal acts apply to electrostatic fields generated during the operation of high voltage DC electrical installations and electrization of dielectric materials, and establish permissible levels of electrostatic field strength at personnel workplaces, as well as general requirements for monitoring and protective equipment.

Permissible levels of electrostatic fields are set depending on the time spent at the workplace. The maximum permissible level of electrostatic fields strength is set equal to 60 kV/m for 1 hour.

When the intensity of electrostatic fields is less than 20 kV / m, the time spent in electrostatic fields is not regulated.

In the voltage range from 20 to 60 kV/m, the allowable time for personnel to stay in an electrostatic field without protective equipment depends on the specific level of tension at the workplace.

1.7 Laser radiation

A laser or an optical quantum generator is a generator of electromagnetic radiation in the optical range, based on the use of stimulated (stimulated) radiation.

Lasers due to their unique properties (high beam directivity, coherence, monochromaticity) are extremely widely used in various fields of industry, science, technology, communications, agriculture, medicine, biology, etc.

The classification of lasers is based on the degree of danger of laser radiation for service personnel. According to this classification, lasers are divided into 4 classes:

class 1 (safe) - output radiation is not dangerous for the eyes; class II (low-hazardous) - direct or specularly reflected radiation is dangerous for the eyes;

class III (medium hazardous) - direct, specularly, as well as diffusely reflected radiation at a distance of 10 cm from the reflecting surface is dangerous for the eyes and (or) direct or specularly reflected radiation is dangerous for the skin;

class IV (highly hazardous) - diffusely reflected radiation is dangerous for the skin at a distance of 10 cm from the reflective surface.

The power (energy), wavelength, pulse duration and irradiation exposure are taken as the leading criteria in assessing the degree of danger of the generated laser radiation.

The maximum permissible levels, requirements for the device, placement and safe operation of lasers are regulated by the "Sanitary Norms and Rules for the Design and Operation of Lasers" No. 2392-81, which allow developing measures to ensure safe working conditions when working with lasers. Sanitary norms and rules make it possible to determine the maximum remote control values ​​for each operating mode, section of the optical range using special formulas and tables. The energy exposure of irradiated tissues is normalized. For laser radiation in the visible region of the spectrum for the eyes, the angular size of the radiation source is also taken into account.

The maximum permissible levels of exposure are differentiated taking into account the mode of operation of lasers - continuous mode, monopulse, pulse-periodic.

The effect of laser radiation on the organ of vision (from minor functional impairment to complete loss of vision) depends mainly on the wavelength and localization of exposure.

When using high power lasers and expanding them practical use increased the risk of accidental damage not only to the organ of vision, but also to the skin and even internal organs with further changes in the central nervous and endocrine systems.

The main regulatory legal acts in assessing working conditions with optical quantum generators are:

"Sanitary norms and rules for the design and operation of lasers" No. 2392-81; guidelines "Occupational health when working with lasers", approved by the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR on April 27, 1981;

GOST 24713-81 "Methods for measuring parameters of laser radiation. Classification"; GOST 24714-81 "Lasers. Methods for measuring radiation parameters. General provisions"; GOST 12.1.040-83 "Laser safety. General provisions"; GOST 12.1.031-81 "Lasers. Methods for dosimetric control of laser radiation".

1.8 Natural and artificial lighting

Light is a natural condition of human life, necessary for maintaining health and high productivity, and based on the work of the visual analyzer, the most subtle and universal sense organ.

Light is the electromagnetic waves of the optical range 380-760 nm long, visible to the eye, perceived by the retina of the visual analyzer.

There are 3 types of lighting used in industrial premises:

natural (its source is the sun), artificial (when only artificial light sources are used); combined or mixed (characterized by a simultaneous combination of natural and artificial lighting).

Combined lighting is used when only natural lighting cannot provide the necessary conditions for performing production operations.

The current building codes and regulations provide for two systems of artificial lighting: a system of general lighting and combined lighting.

Natural lighting is created by natural light sources, direct solid rays and diffuse light from the sky (from the sun's rays scattered by the atmosphere). Natural lighting is biologically the most valuable type of lighting to which the human eye is most adapted.

The following types of natural lighting are used in industrial premises: side - through light openings (windows) in the outer walls; upper - through skylights in the ceilings; combined - through skylights and windows.

In buildings with insufficient natural light, combined lighting is used - a combination of natural and artificial light. Artificial lighting in a combined system can function constantly (in areas with insufficient natural light) or turn on at dusk.

artificial lighting on industrial enterprises It is carried out by incandescent lamps and gas-discharge lamps, which are sources of artificial light.

General and local lighting is used in industrial premises. General - to illuminate the entire room, local (in the combined system) - to increase the illumination of only work surfaces or individual parts of the equipment.

The use of other than local lighting is not allowed.

From the point of view of occupational health, the main lighting characteristic is illumination (E), which is the distribution of the luminous flux (F) on a surface area (S) and can be expressed by the formula E = F / S.

Luminous flux (F) - the power of radiant energy, estimated by the visual sensation it produces. Measured in lumens (lm).

In the physiology of visual perception, importance is attached not to the incident flux, but to the level of brightness of illuminated production and other objects, which is reflected from the illuminated surface in the direction of the eye. visual perception is determined not by illumination, but by brightness, which is understood as the characteristic of luminous bodies, equal to the ratio of the luminous intensity in any direction to the projection area of ​​the luminous surface on a plane perpendicular to this direction. Brightness is measured in nits (nt). The brightness of illuminated surfaces depends on their light properties, the degree of illumination and the angle at which the surface is viewed.

Luminous intensity - the luminous flux propagating inside a solid angle equal to 1 steradiant. The unit of light intensity is the candela (cd).

The luminous flux incident on the surface is partially reflected, absorbed or transmitted through the illuminated body. Therefore, the light properties of the illuminated surface are also characterized by the following coefficients:

reflection coefficient - the ratio of the light flux reflected by the body to the incident;

transmittance - the ratio of the luminous flux that has passed through the medium to the incident;

absorption coefficient - the ratio of the light flux absorbed by the body to the incident.

The required levels of illumination are standardized in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting" depending on the accuracy of the production operations performed, the lighting properties of the working surface and the part in question, and the lighting system.

Hygienic requirements that reflect the quality of industrial lighting include:

uniform distribution of brightness in the field of view and limitation of shadows;

limitation of direct and reflected brilliance;

limitation or elimination of fluctuations in the light flux.

Uniform distribution of brightness in the field of view is essential for maintaining human performance. If there are constantly surfaces in the field of view that differ significantly in brightness (illuminance), then when looking from a bright to a dimly lit surface, the eye is forced to readjust. Frequent re-adaptation leads to the development of visual fatigue and makes it difficult to perform production operations.

The degree of non-uniformity is determined by the coefficient of non-uniformity - the ratio of the maximum illumination to the minimum. The higher the accuracy of the work, the lower the coefficient of unevenness should be.

Excessive blinding brightness (brilliance) - the property of luminous surfaces with increased brightness to violate the conditions of comfortable vision, worsen contrast sensitivity, or have both of these effects simultaneously.

Luminaires - light sources enclosed in fittings - are designed to properly distribute the luminous flux and protect the eyes from excessive brightness of the light source. The armature protects the light source from mechanical damage, as well as smoke, dust, soot, moisture, provides fastening and connection to the power source.

In terms of light distribution, luminaires are divided into luminaires of direct, diffused and reflected light. Direct light fixtures direct more than 80% of the luminous flux into the lower hemisphere due to the internal reflective enamel surface. Diffused light fixtures emit a luminous flux into both hemispheres: some - 40-60% of the luminous flux downwards, others - 60-80% upwards. Reflected light luminaires direct more than 80% of the light flux upwards to the ceiling, and the light reflected from it is directed downwards into the working area.

To protect the eyes from the brilliance of the luminous surface of the lamps, the protective corner of the lamp is used - the angle formed by the horizontal from the surface of the lamp (the edge of the luminous thread) and the line passing through the edge of the armature.

Luminaires for fluorescent lamps generally have a direct light distribution. A measure of protection against direct glare is a protective corner, shielding grilles, diffusers made of transparent plastic or glass.

With the help of the appropriate placement of lamps in the volume of the working room, a lighting system is created. General lighting can be uniform or localized. The general placement of lamps (in a rectangular or checkerboard pattern) to create rational illumination is carried out when performing the same type of work throughout the room, with a high density of jobs (assembly shops in the absence of a conveyor, wood finishing, etc.) General localized lighting is provided to provide a number of jobs illumination in a given plane (thermal furnace, blacksmith's hammer, etc.), when an additional lamp is installed near each of them (for example, oblique light), as well as when performing work of various types in the workshop or in the presence of shading equipment.

Local lighting is designed to illuminate the work surface and can be stationary and portable; incandescent lamps are more often used for it, since fluorescent lamps can cause a stroboscopic effect.

Emergency lighting is arranged in production facilities and in open areas for temporary continuation of work in the event of an emergency shutdown of working lighting (general network). It must provide at least 5% of the illumination from the normalized one for the general lighting system.

2. Impact of the main factors

Microclimate

High temperatures have a negative impact on human health. Working at high temperatures is accompanied by intense sweating, which leads to dehydration of the body, loss of mineral salts and water-soluble vitamins, causes serious and persistent changes in the activity of the cardiovascular system, increases the respiratory rate, and also affects the functioning of other organs and systems - is weakened attention, coordination of movements worsens, reactions slow down, etc.

Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially when combined with high humidity, can lead to a significant buildup of heat in the body (hyperthermia). With hyperthermia, there is a headache, nausea, vomiting, sometimes convulsions, a drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness.

The effect of thermal radiation on the body has a number of features, one of which is the ability of infrared rays of various lengths to penetrate to different depths and be absorbed by the corresponding tissues, providing a thermal effect, which leads to an increase in skin temperature, an increase in pulse rate, changes in metabolism and blood pressure, disease eye.

When the human body is exposed to negative temperatures, there is a narrowing of the vessels of the fingers and toes, the skin of the face, and the metabolism changes. Low temperatures also affect internal organs, and prolonged exposure to these temperatures leads to their persistent diseases.

Harmful chemicals

The effect of harmful substances on the body can be anatomical damage, permanent or temporary disorders and combined effects. Many potent harmful substances cause a disorder in the body of normal physiological activity without noticeable anatomical damage, effects on the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, on general metabolism, etc.

Intense noise impact on the human body adversely affects the course of nervous processes, contributes to the development of fatigue, changes in the cardiovascular system and the appearance of noise pathology, among the various manifestations of which the leading clinical sign is a slowly progressive hearing loss similar to cochlear neuritis.

Ultrasound and infrasound

Ultrasound has mainly a local effect on the body, since it is transmitted by direct contact with an ultrasonic instrument, workpieces or media where ultrasonic vibrations are excited. Ultrasonic vibrations generated by ultrasonic low-frequency industrial equipment have an adverse effect on the human body. Long-term systematic exposure to airborne ultrasound causes changes in the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, auditory and vestibular analyzers. The most characteristic is the presence of vegetovascular dystonia and asthenic syndrome.

Under the action of local ultrasound, there are phenomena of vegetative polyneuritis of the hands (less often of the legs) of varying severity, up to the development of paresis of the hands and forearms, vegetative-vascular dysfunction.

The nature of the changes that occur in the body under the influence of ultrasound depends on the dose of exposure.

Studies of the biological effect of infrasound on the body have shown that at a level of 110 to 150 dB or more, it can cause unpleasant subjective sensations and numerous reactive changes in people, which include changes in the central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the vestibular analyzer . There is evidence that infrasound causes hearing loss mainly at low and medium frequencies. The severity of these changes depends on the level of infrasound intensity and the duration of the factor.

Vibration

Prolonged exposure to high levels of vibration on the human body leads to the development of premature fatigue, a decrease in labor productivity, an increase in morbidity, and often to the emergence of an occupational pathology - vibration disease.

Electromagnetic and electric magnetic fields. Static electricity

Prolonged exposure to an electric field on the human body can cause a violation of the functional state of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This is expressed in increased fatigue, a decrease in the quality of work operations, pain in the heart, changes in blood pressure and pulse.

The most characteristic when exposed to radio waves of all ranges are deviations from the normal state of the central nervous system and the human cardiovascular system. Subjective sensations of the irradiated personnel are complaints of frequent headache, drowsiness or general insomnia, fatigue, weakness, excessive sweating, memory loss, absent-mindedness, dizziness, darkening of the eyes, unreasonable feeling of anxiety, fear, etc.

People working in the area affected by an electrostatic field have a variety of complaints: irritability, headache, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, etc.

laser radiation

Depending on the specifics of the technological process, work with laser equipment may be accompanied by exposure of personnel mainly to reflected and scattered radiation. The energy of laser radiation in biological objects (tissue, organ) can undergo various transformations and cause organic changes in the irradiated tissues (primary effects) and non-specific functional changes (secondary effects) that occur in the body in response to irradiation.

Natural and artificial lighting

Insufficient lighting affects the functioning of the visual apparatus, that is, it determines visual performance, the human psyche, his emotional state, causes fatigue of the central nervous system resulting from efforts made to recognize clear or dubious signals.

3. Class of working conditions

Protocol for assessing working conditions in terms of intensity of the labor process

Indicators	Working condition class
1. Intelligent loads
	Perception of signals and their evaluation
	The distribution of the function according to the degree of complexity of the task
	The nature of the work performed
2. Sensory loads
	Duration of focused observation
	Signal density for 1 hour of operation
	Number of objects of simultaneous observation
	The size of the object of distinction during the duration of concentrated attention
	Work with optical devices during the duration of concentrated observation
	Monitoring the screen of the video terminal
3. Emotional loads
	The degree of responsibility for the result of their own activities. The significance of the error.
	The degree of risk to one's own life
	Responsibility for the safety of others
	Number of conflict production situations per shift
4. Monotony of loads
	The number of elements required to implement a simple task or repetitive operations
	Duration of simple tasks or repetitive tasks
	Action time
	The monotony of the working environment
5. Mode of operation
	Actual working hours
	Shift work
	Presence of regulated breaks and their duration
Number of indicators in each class
General assessment of labor intensity

Conclusion: more than 6 indicators belong to the 2nd class, the rest - to the 1st. Therefore, the overall assessment of the intensity of the work of the master corresponds to class 2 - "Permissible"

Class of working conditions in terms of microclimate for working premises

Based on the fact that the outside air temperature is 24 With a relative humidity of 85%, an air velocity of 0.5 m/s, it follows that according to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises", the microclimate parameters correspond to the permissible (class 2) working conditions.

Class of working conditions depending on the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area

Class of working conditions depending on noise levels

Factor name, indicator, unit of measurement	Working condition class
	admissible
	Exceeding the MPD, times
Noise, equivalent sound level, dBA

The noise level at the workplace of an electric welder is 83 dBA, which corresponds, according to SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 "Noise at Workplaces", to an acceptable class (class 2) of working conditions.

The final table for assessing the working conditions of an employee according to the degree of harmfulness and danger

	Working condition class
	Optimal	Permissible
Chemical
Biological
PFD aerosols
Acoustic
	infrasound
	Ultrasound
Vibration general
Vibration local
ultrasound contact
Non-ionizing radiation
ionizing radiation
Microclimate
Lighting
The severity of labor
Labor intensity
General assessment of working conditions

Based on the data of the final protocol, it follows that the limiting indicator in assessing the working conditions of a locksmith is the chemical factor of the labor process, therefore, referring to the general provisions of Guideline P 2.2. .

4. Measures to protect against harmful production factors

Microclimate

The fight against the adverse effects of the industrial microclimate is carried out using technological, sanitary and medical and preventive measures.

In the prevention of the harmful effects of high temperatures of infrared radiation, the leading role belongs to technological measures: the replacement of old and the introduction of new technological processes and equipment, automation and mechanization of processes, remote control.

Effective means of reducing heat generation are:

coating of heating surfaces and steam and gas pipelines with heat-insulating materials (glass wool, asbestos mastic, asbothermite, etc.); equipment sealing; the use of reflective, heat-absorbing and heat-removing screens; arrangement of ventilation systems; use of personal protective equipment. Medical and preventive measures include: organization of a rational regime of work and rest; ensuring the drinking regime; increasing resistance to high temperatures through the use of pharmacological agents (taking dibazol, ascorbic acid, glucose), inhaling oxygen; passing pre-employment and periodic medical examinations.

Harmful chemicals

The basis for carrying out measures to combat harmful substances is hygienic regulation.

Reduced exposure to non-working harmful substances wm achieve its complete elimination? by carrying out technological, sanitary, medical and preventive measures v use of personal protective equipment.

Technological measures include such as the introduction of continuous technologies, automation and mechanization of production processes, remote control, equipment sealing, replacement of hazardous technological processes and operations with less dangerous and safe ones.

Sanitary measures: equipping workplaces with local exhaust ventilation or portable local exhausts, covering equipment with solid dust-proof casings with effective air aspiration, etc.

When technological, sanitary and technical measures do not completely exclude the presence of harmful substances in the air, there are no methods and devices for their control, therapeutic and preventive measures are taken: organization and conduct of preliminary and periodic medical examinations, breathing exercises, alkaline inhalations, provision of therapeutic and prophylactic food and m...

Similar Documents

The main goals and objectives of certification, the procedure for its implementation. Carrying out certification of workplaces of a repair and installation workshop, classification of harmful and dangerous factors of working conditions. Necessary documentation for certification of jobs of a repairman.

term paper, added 01/14/2018


Features of the organization of the workplace of a car repairman, the impact of harmful and dangerous production factors on the employee. Occupational diseases and personal protective equipment for a car repairman. Measures to improve working conditions.

term paper, added 04/26/2016


Research of meteorological conditions of the industrial environment. Parameters of the microclimate of industrial premises. Characteristics of the influence of harmful and dangerous factors on the human body. Sanitary and technical measures to combat harmful substances.

abstract, added 02.10.2013


Classification of hazardous and harmful production factors by the nature of the action. Influence of factors of the working environment on the health of workers. Assessment of the actual state of the degree of occupational risk in the workplace. Labor safety standards.

test, added 04/14/2014


Classification of dangerous harmful production factors. Two groups of biological hazards: pathogenic microorganisms and macroorganisms. The impact of harmful chemicals on the body. Ensuring safety when using gas appliances.

presentation, added 11/25/2014


General provisions for the certification of workplaces. Algorithm for certification of the workplace of a repairman. Evaluation of personal protective equipment and safety. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.

term paper, added 11/20/2011


Negative influences in ergatic systems. Basic concepts and terminology of labor safety. Industrial microclimate and its impact on the human body. Identification of hazardous and harmful production factors in the workplace of a chemistry teacher.

thesis, added 08/16/2010


Dangerous and harmful production factors. Definition, classification. Maximum permissible levels of exposure to harmful production factors on humans. Systems of human perception of the state of the environment. Irritants. Immune protection.

test, added 02/23/2009


Identification of dangerous and harmful factors that negatively affect a person. Analysis of hazard sources. Classification of hazardous and harmful production factors. Vibration, acoustic vibrations, mechanical and chemical negative factors.

presentation, added 12/15/2014


The concept of danger, dangerous and harmful production factors. Characteristics of optimal, permissible, harmful, dangerous working conditions, causes of injuries at work. The purpose of various means of protection, organizational safety measures.

I. METALWORKING

Foundry work

cupola worker

metal pourer

Liquid iron casting welder

Melter of metal and alloys

Welding

Metal plating and painting

Repairman, busy:

Works with lead

hydromonitor

Excavator tunneler

Grader elevator operator

Motor grader driver

bulldozer driver

MINING

bomber

Blacksmith Driller

ripper

Loader driver

Excavator driver

drifter

Bunker cleaner

briquetting

Ore mining

Blacksmith-chisel-loader

Dredge sailor, dredge driver

Rocket launcher

paroogtaist

Ore agglomeration

Hot sinter pourer

Extraction and processing of peat

ditcher

Grubber

Washing machine operator

distillation operator

Extraction operator

Crusher

Briquette press operator

V. WELL DRILLING

Pipe presser

Tool joint installer

VI. MINING OF OIL AND GAS

1. FERROUS METALLURGY

Domain production

Horse blast furnace

Blast furnace plumber

Hearth blast furnace

Scale wagon driver

Skipova

Steelmaking

Filling machine operator

Mixerova

block filler

Deoxidizer Smelter

Caster of steel

rolling production

leaf cutter

Smolovar (pitch cooker)

Pipe production

Pipe calibrator on press

Blacksmith (spotting) pipes

Ferroalloy production

Furnace Ferroalloy Furnaces

Coke production

barilletchik

door

Smologon

VIII. NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

Melter, calciner

Spekkalshchik

Harmful substances affecting the turner

3.1.3. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS

According to GOST 12.0.003-74 "Dangerous and harmful production factors", psychophysiological hazardous and harmful production factors are divided into the following by the nature of their action:

physical overload:

· Static;

· Dynamic;

Neuropsychiatric overload:

mental stress;

Overvoltage analyzers;

The monotony of work;

· Emotional overload.

Turning work belongs to the category of visual work of very high accuracy, therefore, a worker in this profession may experience an overvoltage of analyzers, in particular, visual ones.

We will consider psychophysiological factors in more detail in section 3.3 “Characteristics of the intensity of the labor process”.

3.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEAVY OF THE WORK PROCESS

№	Indicators	Actual values	Class
1.1 1.2	Physical dynamic load (kg. m): regional: load movement up to 1m total load: load movement - from 1 to 5m - more than 5m
2. 2.1 2.2 2.3	Weight of manually lifted and moved load (kg): when alternating with other work constantly during the shift, the total weight for each hour of the shift: from the working surface from the floor		3.1
3.1 3.2	Stereotypical work movements (number) local load regional load
4.1 4.2 4.3	Static load (kgf. x sec): with one hand with two hands with the participation of the body and legs
working posture	standing 45%
Body slopes (number per shift)
7.1 7.2	Movement in space (km) horizontally vertically	0,3
The final assessment of the severity of labor	3.1

So, out of 10 indicators characterizing the severity of work, 6 belong to class 1; 3 indicators belong to class 2; 1 indicator to class 3.1. Therefore, the final assessment of the severity of the labor process of a turner is class 3.1.

3.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTENSITY OF THE WORK PROCESS

Indicators	Working condition class
3.1	3.2	3.3
1. Intelligent loads
1.1	The content of the work		+
1.2	Perception of signals and their evaluation		+
1.3	The distribution of the function according to the degree of complexity of the task		+
1.4	The nature of the work performed	+
2. Sensory loads
2.1	Duration of focused observation			+
2.2	Signal density for 1 hour of operation	+
2.3	Number of objects of simultaneous observation	+
2.4	The size of the object of distinction during the duration of concentrated attention		+
2.5	Work with optical devices during the duration of concentrated observation	+
2.6	Monitoring the screen of the video terminal	+
	+
+
3. Additional leave for harmful working conditions: a list of professions with harmful and dangerous conditions Emotional loads
3.1	The degree of responsibility for the result of their own activities. The significance of the error.				+
3.2	The degree of risk to one's own life				+
3.3	Responsibility for the safety of others	+
3.4	Number of conflict production situations per shift	+
4. Monotony of loads
4.1	The number of elements required to implement a simple task or repetitive operations			+
4.2	Duration of simple tasks or repetitive tasks	+
4.3	Action time	+
4.4	The monotony of the working environment	+
5. Working mode
5.1	Actual working hours		+
5.2	Shift work	+
5.3	Presence of regulated breaks and their duration		+
Number of indicators in each class
General assessment of labor intensity		+

So, out of 23 indicators characterizing labor intensity, 12 belong to class 1; 7 indicators belong to class 2; 2 indicators to class 3.1 and 2 indicators to class 3.2. Therefore, the final assessment of the severity of the labor process of a turner is class 2.

3.4. FINAL ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS BY DEGREE OF HARMFUL AND HAZARD

The assessment of the working conditions of a turner, taking into account the combined effect of all factors, is carried out on the basis of the results of measurements of individual factors and in accordance with paragraphs. 5.1 - 5.10 (R.2.2.2006-05), which take into account the effects of the summation of all indicators in the combined action. The results of the assessment of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process are included in Table. 7.

Table 7

The final table for assessing the working conditions of an employee according to the degree of harmfulness and danger

Factors	Working condition class
Optimal	Permissible	Harmful	Dangerous
	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4
Chemical		+
Biological	+
Aerosols PDF			+
Acoustic	Noise				+
infrasound	+
ultrasound air	+
Vibration general	+
Vibration local		+
ultrasound contact	+
Non-ionizing radiation	+
ionizing radiation	+
Microclimate		+
Lighting			+
The severity of labor			+
Labor intensity		+
General assessment of working conditions				+

3.5. INJURIES AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Turner for his successful work, the turner needs hand-eye coordination, good eyesight, an accurate eye, spatial imagination, steady attention, as well as technical thinking.

Working as a turner is contraindicated for people with visual impairment, disorders of the vestibular apparatus, people suffering from disorders of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and nervous systems, people with hypersensitivity of the skin and asthmatics.

Occupational diseases of turners are:

arthritis,

radiculitis,

partial loss of vision

chronic fatigue,

Based on physiological studies, it was found that the degree and depth of fatigue of workers depends on the quantitative values ​​of the main factors of the labor process. For example, the endurance of the muscles of the hand to static force by the end of the shift is reduced by 10-41% of the indications at the beginning of the shift.

The relationship between the magnitude of the static load and the number of cases of pathological disorders is expressed by the following formula : y=5.8*ln(x) - 43.5, where:

y is the number of cases of pathological disorders at the end of the shift;

y \u003d 5.8 * ln (13600) - 43.5 \u003d 11.7.

Therefore, 12 people out of 100 will have a pathological disorder at the end of the shift in terms of static load.

The time during which an employee is in an orthostatic position is almost directly related to the incidence of varicose veins in the legs. Regression analysis showed that a 1% increase in the time of “labor orthostasis” corresponds to an increase in the incidence of varicose veins of the legs by 0.41%: y \u003d 0.41 * x + 2.1.

y is the probability of occurrence of varicose veins, %.

х is the time spent by workers in the orthostatic position, % of the shift.

y=0.41*45 + 2.1 = 20.55%

Therefore, the probability of occurrence of varicose veins with a given load on the musculoskeletal system will be 20.6%. This means that out of 100 people, 21 workers may develop this disease.

3.6. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEANS

According to established standards, the employer is obliged to provide a turner, and the employee is obliged to use work time free overalls and personal protective equipment. Consider personal protective equipment intended for a turner, as well as their service life in table 8.

Table 8

What is harmful working conditions?

List of industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, where the use of women's labor is prohibited

industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, where the use of women's labor is prohibited

I. METALWORKING

Foundry work

cupola worker

Casting beater engaged in manual knockout

Loader of charge into cupolas and furnaces, busy loading the charge manually

metal pourer

Liquid iron casting welder

Cutter working with pneumatic tools

Melter of metal and alloys

Workers involved in hanging hot castings on a conveyor and maintaining and repairing equipment in foundry tunnels

Welding

Gas welder and electric welder of manual welding, working in closed containers (tanks, boilers, etc.), as well as on high-rise communication structures (towers, masts) over 10 meters and steeplejack works

Boiler rooms, cold forging,

drawing and spinning works

Presser engaged in manual work Boilermaker

Chaser employed at work with a hand pneumatic tool

Forging and pressing and thermal works

Hot work bandeer

Springer engaged in hot work when winding springs from wire with a diameter of more than 10 mm

Roller engaged in hot ring rolling

Hot metal springer

Metal plating and painting

Sealer busy sealing inside caisson tanks

Lead plating permanently engaged in hot lead plating (not galvanic)

Locksmith and locksmith and assembly work

Driller-pneumatic, performing work with pneumatic tools, transmitting vibration to the hands of the worker

Repairman, busy:

- adjustment of equipment in workshops and departments: hot-rolling, pickling, enamelling, insulation using silicone varnishes, lead plating in cable production;

– on hot repair of selenium and shoping devices (equipment);

- adjustment of equipment in workshops and departments for the preparation and use of flint and organic varnishes and varnishes containing 40 percent or more of toluene, xylene;

— repair of equipment in closed fuel depots and oil facilities at thermal power plants, as well as repair of equipment in tunnels and heating chambers in heating networks;

– maintenance of water jacket furnaces in the production of non-ferrous metals and alloys;

– adjustment and repair of molds in a hot state;

- directly in the workshops: milling, spreading, forming, foundry, tube-filling, litho-mixing and assembly in the production of lead batteries;

— repair of technological equipment at engine test stations, running on leaded gasoline and located in boxes

Works with lead

Workers, commas in smelting, casting, rolling, broaching and stamping of lead products, as well as cable lead and soldering lead batteries

II. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Reinforcement worker engaged in manual installation of frames, manual bending machines and scissors

Asphalt concrete worker (asphalt worker, welder) employed when working manually

hydromonitor

Excavator tunneler

Bricklayer working on the laying of modular solid sand-lime bricks

Roofer on steel roofs

A caisson worker in the maintenance of a lock apparatus (a caisson operator), a caisson worker at tunneling works (a caisson tunneler), a caisson worker at locksmith work (a caisson worker-fitter), a caisson worker at electrical work (a caisson worker-electrician)

Asphalt distributor driver, truck driver

Grader elevator operator

The driver of mobile power plants, working at power plants with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 150 liters. With. and more

Concrete pumping machine operator, mobile bitumen melting machine operator

Single-bucket excavator driver, rotary excavator driver (ditcher and trencher)

Asphalt machinist

Asphalt mixer operator (mobile)

Motor grader driver

bulldozer driver

The driver of electric welding mobile units with an internal combustion engine

Communication installer - antenna operator, busy with work on high

Fitter for the installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures when working at height and steeplejack work

Refractory worker engaged in hot repairs of furnaces and boiler furnaces

Workers engaged in punching holes (furrows, niches, etc.) in concrete, reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and using pneumatic tools

Workers engaged in slab-breaking works, dismantling of buildings and structures

Workers engaged in fastening structures and parts using a construction and assembly gun

Workers engaged in uprooting stumps

Lead solderer (lead solderer)

plumber working on sewer repair

Carpenter engaged in all types of carpentry work

Piping of industrial reinforced concrete pipes

Piping of industrial brick pipes

III. MINING

Open pit mining and the surface of existing and under construction mines and mines, enrichment, agglomeration, briquetting

General mining and mining professions

Well driller, drilling rig operator, hole driller

bomber

Fire prevention and extinguishing miner

Delivery of fixing materials to the mine

Blacksmith Driller

ripper

Loader driver

Machine operator for drilling mine shafts with a full section

Excavator driver

Tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling of trolleys

drifter

Handler-signalman, busy feeding the trolleys into the cages manually

Waste heap employed on burning waste heaps

Bunker cleaner

Electrician (mechanic) on duty and equipment repair, engaged in maintenance and repair of equipment, mechanisms, water and air lines in mining

General professions enrichment, agglomeration,

briquetting

Crusher employed in crushing hot pitch in the production of alumina

An incinerator engaged in the process of burning raw materials and materials in the production of mercury

Workers and foremen of concentrating and crushing and screening factories, mines, mines and metallurgical enterprises, engaged in crushing, grinding, grinding and blending ores of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals, fluorspar and coal, which produce dust containing 10% and more free silicon dioxide, when working manually

Lead Workers

Workers and foremen engaged in the enrichment of niobium (loparite) ores

Construction of subways, tunnels and underground structures for special purposes

Mining Equipment Installer

Surface miner

Ore mining

Fuel deliverer by boat

Blacksmith-chisel-loader

Dredge sailor, dredge driver

Rocket launcher

paroogtaist

Ore agglomeration

Hot sinter pourer

Extraction and processing of peat

ditcher

Grubber

The driver of the machine for uprooting stumps, the driver of the harvester for felling the forest and laying it in the shafts

Wood cutting and loading machine operator

Washing machine operator

peat mining machine operator, peat mining excavator operator

Machine operator at the layer-by-layer extraction of sod peat

Peat worker, busy felling trees, on a pavement of peat bricks

Briquetting, production of mountain wax (ozocerite)

distillation operator

Extraction operator

Crusher

Briquette press operator

Pourer of mountain wax (ozocerite)

IV. GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC-GEODETIC WORKS

Explosive at geophysical works

Installer of geodetic signs

Electrician (locksmith) on duty and repairing equipment, employed in the field

V. WELL DRILLING

Driller of operational and exploratory drilling of wells for oil and gas

Mechanical Rotary Well Driller, Mechanical Percussion Well Driller, Hand Held Well Driller

Tower assembler, rig welder, rig electrician

Well Cementing Engineer, Cementing Unit Engineer, Cement Sand Mixing Unit Engineer

Pipe presser

Oil and gas development and exploration driller's assistant (first), oil and gas production and exploration drilling assistant (second), oil and gas production and exploration driller's assistant (third), mechanical rotary driller's assistant (first), rotary driller's assistant (second), mechanical percussion driller's assistant (first), mechanical percussion driller's assistant (second), hand driller's assistant

A slurry preparer busy preparing a slurry by hand

Repairman repairing drilling equipment

Drilling rig maintenance fitter, directly employed on drilling rigs

Tool joint installer

Drilling rig maintenance electrician

VI. MINING OF OIL AND GAS

Offshore drilling rig driller, well workover driller

Elevator operator, washing unit operator, mobile steam dewaxing operator

Mobile compressor operator

Hydraulic fracturing operator, underground well workover operator

Well chemical treatment operator

Well preparation operator for workover and underground workover

Offshore drilling rig assistant driller, well workover driller assistant

Workers and engineering workers permanently employed in underground oil production

Locksmith for the installation and repair of offshore drilling bases and racks

A repairman engaged in the installation and maintenance of process equipment and the repair of oilfield equipment

An electrician for the repair of electrical equipment and an electrician for the maintenance of electrical equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of technological equipment

1. FERROUS METALLURGY

General professions of iron and steel industry

A cutter of metal defects, employed at work with a pneumatic tool

Ladle, employed in work with molten metal

Metal heater employed at work in methodical, chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production

Domain production

Horse blast furnace

Blast furnace plumber

Hearth blast furnace

Scale wagon driver

Skipova

Steelmaking

Filling machine operator

Mixerova

block filler

Deoxidizer Smelter

Henchman of open-hearth furnace steelmaker, henchman of steelmaker of electric furnace, henchman of steelmaker of furnace of direct reduction of iron, henchman of steelmaker of converter, henchman of steelmaker of electroslag remelting plant

Caster of steel

Converter Steelmaker, Open Hearth Furnace Steelmaker, Direct Reduced Iron Furnace Steelmaker, Electroslag Remelter Steelmaker, Electric Furnace Steelmaker

rolling production

Hot rolling mill

leaf cutter

Hot rolling mill assistant

Rail fastening presser

Smolovar (pitch cooker)

Locksmith-conductor, engaged in rolling production

Pipe production

Sizing Mill Roller, Hot Pipe Mill Roller, Furnace Welding Pipe Mill Roller, Cold Pipe Mill Roller, Pipe Forming Mill Roller

Pipe drawer employed on non-mechanized mills

Pipe calibrator on press

Blacksmith (spotting) pipes

Handy Roller of Hot Rolled Pipe Mill, Handy Roller of Cold Rolled Pipe Mill

Ferroalloy production

Furnace Ferroalloy Furnaces

Vanadium pentoxide smelter, ferroalloy smelter

Workers engaged in the production of metallic chromium and chromium-containing alloys by aluminothermic method

Workers involved in the smelting of silicon alloys in open arc furnaces

Coke production

barilletchik

door

Naphthalene crusher and packer

Employees directly involved in the production of benzene, its hydrotreatment and distillation

Smologon

Repairman servicing coke oven batteries

Scrubber-pump, engaged in maintenance of the phenol plant in the shop for the capture of coking products

VIII. NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

General professions of non-ferrous metallurgy

Caster engaged in pouring bottom sections of anodes in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon

A bathtub repairman drilling a hole for a cathode rod in aluminium, silumin and silicon production

Melter, calciner

Spekkalshchik

Repairman, metallurgical and cement equipment repairman, electrician for maintenance of electrical equipment and electrician for the repair of electrical equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of metallurgical equipment in the main metallurgical workshops

A dresser working at the furnaces in the production of tin

SOLUTION

In the name of the Russian Federation

Leninist district court the city of Tambov, consisting of:

presiding judge Fokina T.K.,

under Secretary Gorbacheva E.A.,

having considered in open court a civil case No. 2-1624/2010 on the claim of Lidia Semyonovna Leonidova against the State Administration of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in Tambov on the inclusion of the period of work in the preferential period and the appointment of an early retirement pension,

installed:

05.05.2010 Leonidova L.S. applied to the Main Directorate of the UPF RF in Tambov with a statement on the appointment of an early retirement pension for her, in connection with her employment in jobs with difficult working conditions. However, she was refused, since the defendant did not include the period of work from 01.02.1991 into her grace period. to 11/14/1997 as an electroplater at the Tambovapparat plant due to the lack of documentary confirmation of the nature of the work performed, namely the lack of information about employment in work only for suspension and removal of parts.

Leonidova L.S., disagreeing with the arguments of the defendant, filed a lawsuit against the GU UPF in Tambov on the inclusion of a period of work from 01.02.1991. to 11/14/1997 as an electroplater at the Tambovapparat plant in preferential service, giving the right to early appointment of an old-age labor pension and the appointment of an early labor pension from the date of applying for the specified type of pension - from 05.05.2010.

At the hearing Leonidova L.C. supported the claims, explaining that she had worked as an electroplater at the Tambovapparat plant since July 27, 1982. to 11/14/1997 However, the defendant did not include the period of her work from 01.02.1991. to 11/14/1997 But her functional duties did not change both during the periods counted by the defendant and those not counted. Her duties included plating in open baths of circuit boards for electrical appliances. The work took place in difficult conditions and was carried out manually. She cleaned the circuit boards and etched them with acid. When working, acids were used: hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric. There was a line of three tubs, each with a volume of 20 liters. Acid was obtained in a warehouse and poured into baths. In sequential mode, the board was processed and etched in each of the baths, in between it was washed with water. Then they hung them in drying cabinets. Copper, tin, lead were applied to the boards. The boards were multilayered and each layer was treated in an acidic environment. The boards were lowered into the baths on special brackets, but sometimes they broke, and you had to take everything out, putting your hands into the bath. She worked in rubber gloves, special clothes, a headdress, a mask and shoes. Three work robes were issued for a year, because the fabric of the robes corroded from caustic fumes. Worked full time and full time working week, no downtime. She did not have leave without pay, student leave, parental leave during this period. For harmful working conditions she received milk, lunch at the expense of the employer. I had extra leave.

The representative of the defendant Kolpakova H.M., did not recognize the claims on the grounds set out in the decision of the Main Directorate of the UPF RF in Tambov to refuse the early appointment of an old-age pension to Leonidova L.S. from 12.05.2010 No. 168. She asked to refuse the claim. Objecting to the claim, at the hearing she explained that the work of the plaintiff with harmful working conditions according to List No. 2 during the disputed period was not documented, since there was no information about the nature of the work performed. In addition, if the plaintiff's requirements are met, the right to a pension arises only from 07.05.2010. - reaching the age of 50 years.

Witness FULL NAME2 explained to the court that he worked with the plaintiff in the 8th electroplating shop of the Tambovapparat plant as a foreman of electroplaters, the plaintiff - electroplater. The brigade consisted of 22-24 people. They worked in two shifts. Performed manual degreasing, etching electrical circuit boards in acid. The baths were 30 liters in volume. A small 20 liter bath was mounted at each workplace for the convenience of work. After acid baths, the boards were washed by hand. There were no automatic closed bathtubs in the shop. The work was carried out in a room in which the atmosphere was poisoned by acid fumes. The organization provided galvanists with overalls, rubber apron, gloves and shoes. Holidays were granted more than workers of other specialties. Free lunch and milk provided.

Witness FULL NAME3 showed the court that she worked with the plaintiff at one site in shop No. 8 of the Tambovapparat plant. Carried out work on the manufacture of printed circuit boards. Billets were cleaned, copper, tin, lead were applied to them. Etching was carried out in various acids: hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric. Everything happened in manual mode. They worked full time, one week in 1st shift, then in 2nd shift. At the beginning there was a galvanic section of the shop, then the plating shop became completely. The work took place in hazardous conditions. They worked in special clothes and shoes. The head was protected with a cap or scarf, the face with a mask. Received free food during the working day, milk. Additional vacation days were provided.

The court, after hearing the parties, having studied the materials of the case, having questioned the witnesses, considers the claims to be satisfied.

In accordance with clause 2, part 1, article 27 of the Federal Law of December 17, 2001. 173-FZ “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”, an early labor pension is granted to women upon reaching the age of 50, if they have worked in jobs with difficult working conditions for at least 10 years and have an insurance record of at least 20 years. If these persons have worked at the listed jobs for at least half of the established period and have the required length of insurance experience, a labor pension for women is assigned with a decrease in the age provided for in Article 7 of this Federal Law by one year for every 2 years of such work.

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 2002 No. No. 537 in case of early appointment of an old-age labor pension to persons employed in work with difficult working conditions, List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991 No. 10. At the same time, the time performed on XXX.01.1992. works provided for by List No. 2 of industries, workshops, professions and positions, work in which gives the right to a state pension on preferential terms and in preferential amounts, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 22.08.1956. 1173, is counted in the length of service, giving the right to early appointment of an old-age labor pension, along with the work provided for in the 1991 List.

By virtue of paragraph 1 of Article 67 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the court evaluates the evidence according to its inner conviction, based on a comprehensive, complete, objective and direct study of the evidence in the case.

According to entries in work book, Leonidova L.S. 07/27/1982 was hired as a galvanizer of the 2nd category in shop No. 8 of the Tambovapparat plant. During the period 06.02.1985. -28.02.1985 worked as a manufacturer of mesh stencils for printed circuits of the same workshop, and from 03/01/1985. was transferred by a galvanizer of the 3rd category of shop No. 8 in order to bring the names of professions in line with the ETKS and the work performed. She worked in this position until her dismissal on November 14, 1997.

According to subparagraph “a”, paragraph 5 of section XV “Metalworking” of List No. 2 of industries, workshops, professions and positions, work in which gives the right to a state pension on preferential terms and in preferential amounts, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 22.08.1956. 1173, persons employed in the production of galvanic coating of metals as a galvanizer are entitled to a state pension on preferential terms.

Based on List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension on preferential terms, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR of 26.01.1991. No. 10 of electroplating are entitled to early appointment of a labor pension (subsection 5 "Production of plating metals by electroplating" section XIV "Metalworking" position code 2150500a-11629 "Galvanizers (except for those employed only in suspension and removal of parts, as well as in automatic closed baths" ).

The profession "galvanizing" was provided for by the list of professions for the production of plating metals by electroplating ETKS 1969.

Subsequently, in connection with the clarification of the lists of professions, changes and additions were made to the ETKS, in 1986 the profession "galvanizer" was renamed the profession "galvanist". According to the ETKS, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 15, 1999 No. No. 45 (with changes and additions), this profession is listed as a "galvanist".

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 1, 2003 No. N 15 establishes the identity of the professions of workers provided for by the previously existing Lists N 1 and 2, approved on 08/22/1956, as well as the List approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR of 01/26/1991. No. 10, the names of which during the period of preparation of new issues of ETKS were changed due to their dissonance or unified due to the identity of the nature of work in the profession with other names. For example, in subsection 5 of section XV of List No. 2, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 22, 1956, a number of professions of workers were provided for in the production of metal coating by galvanic method ("oxidizer", "galvanizer", "nickel-plater", "passivator "," chrome maker ", etc.), carrying out the galvanic process. Later, due to the identity of the nature of work, all these professions were unified into one profession "galvanic", which is provided for in the ETKS (issue 2) and is included in subsection 5 "Production of plating metals by electroplating" section XIV "Metalworking", position 2150500a-11629 , List N 2, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N 10 of 01.26.1991.

According to the list of professions ETKS, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 15, 1999. the name of the profession "galvanist" is provided.

Court established that Leonidova L.S. in the period from 02/01/1991. to 11/14/1997 worked as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant. Worked full time, no part-time jobs. She was not on leave without pay, student leave, parental leave. Carried out work on galvanic coating in open baths of electrical appliance circuit boards using acids, in manual mode. In automatic mode, closed baths did not work. The work was carried out using special equipment and clothing. In connection with employment in jobs with harmful working conditions, the plaintiff was granted additional days for vacation. On working days, she received free food and milk every day. These facts are confirmed by the evidence available in the case: testimonies of witnesses interrogated at the court session, an entry in the work book, a certificate from FSUE “OZ “Apparat” dated 20.05.2010. No. 15.

Therefore, the court comes to the conclusion that Leonidova L.S. in the period from 02/01/1991. to 11/14/1997 performed work that complied with the requirements of List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, approved by Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR No. 10 of January 26, 1991, as a galvanizer (except for those employed only in suspension and removal of parts, as well as in the automatic mode of closed baths.

In accordance with paragraph 9 of the Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 25 of 20.12.2005. “On some issues that have arisen with the courts when considering cases related to the exercise by citizens of the right to labor pensions” each pension dispute must be resolved by the court based on the specific circumstances of the case established at the court session (the nature and specifics, the conditions of the work carried out by the plaintiff, the functional responsibilities for positions and professions, workload, etc.).

Thus, taking into account the length of service with difficult and harmful working conditions and the controversial period included in the preferential length of service by the court, included in the Main Directorate of the UPF RF in Tambov, Leonidova L.S. years, therefore, by virtue of Art. 19 of the Federal Law "On labor pensions in the Russian Federation", The court considers it is necessary to oblige the defendant to grant the plaintiff an old-age pension from the day she reaches the age of 50, that is, from May 7, 2010.

Guided by Art. Art. 194-198 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, court

decided:

Satisfy the claims of Leonidova Lidia Semyonovna.

To include Leonidova Lidia Semyonovna in the length of service, giving the right to early appointment of an old-age labor pension, in connection with the implementation of work with harmful and difficult working conditions, the period:

from 01.02.1991 to 11/14/1997 as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant.

To oblige the State Directorate of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in Tambov to assign an early old-age pension to Leonidova Lidia Semenovna from 07.05.2010.

The decision can be appealed to the Tambov Regional Court within 10 days from the date of the decision in the final form.

List of professions recognized as unhealthy in Russia

T.K. Fokin.

The reasoned decision of the court was made on 22.06.2010.

Judge. T.K. Fokin.

Right. Referee: T.K. Fokin.

original document

Harmful working conditions list of professions

According to statistics, in Russia industrial production more than twelve million people work, of which almost half carry out their labor activity in hazardous industries. Harmful conditions in enterprises are those conditions that can harm health, reduce performance and lead to the risk of poisoning. Work-related illnesses may have consequences in the future, including consequences that include the risk of having unhealthy children.

Harmful factors of hazardous industries

Factors of production considered harmful are divided into two types:

1. Harmful factors at work;
2. Harmful factors during the labor process.

In its turn, production harmful factors subdivided into:

1. Physical. These include high or low temperatures, dust, noisy production, and so on.
2. Chemical. Factors of this type include inhalation of harmful substances or gas contamination.
3. Biological. Biological factors include the risks of infection with various microorganisms and dangerous infections. As a rule, such professions include workers from the medical or veterinary field.

During the labor process, harmful factors also arise. These include increased nervous or physical stress.

List of hazardous industries and professions

There are a lot of industries and professions with harmful working conditions and their list is too long to list it in this article. However, it can still be briefly reviewed. The list of hazardous industries and professions was published in 1974 with subsequent changes and additions, up to 1991.

Naturally, this list includes industries with difficult working conditions. This is mountain labor activity, in particular the extraction of salt, shale, mica, graphite, oil and coal, and various industries in the field of metallurgy and coke-chemical works.

The list of hazardous industries and professions is an official document that provides for additional benefits and compensation for hazardous workers.

Harmful production

The list of hazardous industries is as long as list of professions in such industries. These include the following manufacturing companies:

1. cement;
2. Stone products;
3. reinforced concrete products;
4. Thermal insulation materials;
5. Soft roof;
6. Glass and glass products;
7. musical instruments;

1. Textile and light industry;
2. food industry;
3. Printing;
4. Connection;
5. Agriculture and national economy;

Transport companies:

1. Railway;
2. Automotive;
3. River;
4. Nautical.

Benefits and compensations preferred by workers in hazardous production

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the following rights for hazardous workers:

1. Additional leave;
2. A break for rest, as well as a reduction in the working day;
3. Personal protection, milk and medical nutrition;
4. Medical examination at the expense of the employer;
5. Increased pension due to preferential service.

Making a choice in favor of a harmful profession, it is necessary to weigh all the pros and cons. Despite the benefits provided, it is worth remembering the harmful effects on your body and health in general.

A.V. Papkov

EMPLOYEES

Subject to preliminary and (or) periodic medical examination

according to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia 302n dated April 12, 2011.

No. p / p	Name of the profession (position) of the employee	Number of people / women	Name of harmful production factor(according to the List of factors and results of job attestation)	Points and frequency of honey. inspection by order 302n	Brief sanitary specification
Lead Counsel	1/1		adj. List of professions with harmful working conditions 2018 1 clause 3.2.2.4. (1 time in 2 years)
Deputy CEO for personnel management	1/1
Referent	1/1
Labor protection specialist
clerk	1/1
Chief Accountant	1/1	Work on reading, entering information, work in the dialogue mode in the amount of at least 50% of the working time		Work on a PC more than 50% of the working time
Chief accountant's assistant	1/1
Economist	1/1
senior accountant
Accountant	1/1
Forwarder	2/2	Work in organizations where there is contact with food products	adj. 2 p. 15. (once a year)	Purchasing and distribution of food products
Locksmith - plumber with the duties of a worker complex service and building renovation		Aromatic hydrocarbons: (toluene, xylene) Local vibration Hydrocarbon mixtures: white spirit Nitrogen inorganic compounds (ammonia, nitric acid and others)	adj. 1 p.1.2.38. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.4.1. (1 time in 2 years) appendix 1 clause 1.3.5. (1 time per year) appendix 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years)	Occasional work (during the summer period) associated with painting equipment, buildings and structures. Working with power tools, from ladders.
Loader with the duties of a cleaner of the territory	Low air temperature	adj. 1 clause 3.8. (1 time in 2 years)	Working outdoors in winter
Industrial and office cleaner	4/4
Driver (workplace number according to the attestation card 29)			Control car, its refueling, lubricants and coolants
Driver (job number according to attestation cards 31)	Ground Vehicle Driving, Category B Hydrocarbon Blend: Gasoline, Petroleum, Kerosene, Mineral Oils Nitrogen Unrestricted Compounds Carbon Oxide	adj. 2 item 27.3. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years)	Driving a car, filling it with fuel, lubricants and coolants.
Driver (workplace number according to the attestation card 32)	Driving Ground Vehicles, Category B Mixture of hydrocarbons: gasoline, petroleum, kerosene, mineral oils Nitrogen unlimited compounds Carbon oxide Physical overload	adj. 2 item 27.3. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 item 4.1. (1 time per year)	Driving a Gazelle car, filling it with fuel, lubricants and coolants.
Driver (workplace number according to the attestation card 33)	Driving land vehicles, category C Mixture of hydrocarbons: gasoline, petroleum, kerosene, mineral oils Nitrogen unlimited compounds Carbon oxide Physical overload	adj. 2 item 27.6. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 item 4.1. (1 time per year)	Driving a truck, filling it with fuel, lubricants and coolants.
tractor driver	Works on the direct control of vehicles (tractors and other self-propelled machines) Carbon oxide A mixture of hydrocarbons: gasoline, oil, kerosene, mineral oils Low air temperature Physical overload Nitrogen unlimited compounds Aliphatic aldehydes (limited and unsaturated)	adj. 2 p.27.13. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 item 4.1. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.2.2. (1 time per year)	Management of special equipment (forklift), its refueling, lubricants and coolants. Staying in a forced working position (sitting)
Loader driver	Works on direct control of ground vehicles (forklift) Local vibration General vibration Mixture of hydrocarbons: oil, kerosene, mineral oils Carbon oxide Physical overload Nitrogen unlimited compounds Low air temperature	adj. 2 p.27.14. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.4.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.4.2. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 item 4.1. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.8. (1 time in 2 years)	Management of special machinery, refueling, lubricants and coolants, being in a forced working position (sitting), working in an open area in winter
Logistics Specialist Acting as an Economist	1/1	Work on reading, entering information, work in the dialogue mode in the amount of at least 50% of the working time	adj. 1 clause 3.2.2.4. (1 time in 2 years)	Work on a PC more than 50% of the working time
Warehouse clerk	1/1	Synthetic detergents	adj. 1 clause 1.3.3. (1 time in 2 years)	Organization of storage and distribution of mineral oils, washing disinfectants. funds, rags, etc.
Plumber (job number according to the attestation card 39)	Work at height Vibration local Nitrogen unlimited connections	adj. 2 p. 1. (1 time per year) adj. 1 clause 3.4.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 2 p. 25 (once a year)	Repair and inspection hoists and lifting mechanisms, holding cargo (spare parts) at height Works related to the maintenance of water supply networks
Plumber (job number according to the attestation card 40)	Vibration local Nitrogen unlimited connections	adj. 1 clause 3.4.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 2 p. 25 (once a year)	Works related to the maintenance of water supply networks
Electric and gas welder	Work at height Welding fumes: containing less than 20% manganese, iron oxides, aluminum and others, incl. in combination with gas components (ozone, nitrogen oxide and carbon) Nitrogen unlimited compounds Carbon oxide Metal aerosols Power frequency electric and magnetic field (50Hz)	adj. 2 p. 1. (1 time per year) adj. 1 clause 1.1.4.8.2. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.2.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.1.4.4. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.2.2.2. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 2 p. 25 (once a year)	Work in a safety harness at height, manual gas and electric welding of parts, assemblies and structures Work related to the maintenance of water supply networks
Cleaner of industrial premises (workplace number according to the attestation card 43)	1/1	Halogens: chlorine Synthetic detergents	adj. 1 clause 1.2.8.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.3. (1 time in 2 years)	Work where there is contact with detergent disinfectants. means
Cleaner of industrial premises (workplace number according to the attestation card 44)	1/1	Halogens: chlorine Synthetic detergents Mixtures of hydrocarbons: gasoline, petroleum, kerosene, mineral oils Dust carbons: other fossil coals with up to 5% silica	adj. 1 clause 1.2.8.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.3. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 1.1.4.6.1. (1 time in 2 years)	Work where there is contact with detergent disinfectants. means, cleaning the boiler room and garage
Cleaner of industrial and service premises (toilet) (workplace number according to the attestation card 42)	1/1	Halogens: chlorine Synthetic detergents	adj. 1 clause 1.2.8.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.3. (1 time in 2 years)	Work where there is contact with detergent disinfectants. means, cleaning the common toilet
Electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment	Work at height Local vibration Electric and magnetic field of industrial frequency (50 Hz), electrostatic and permanent magnetic field, work on maintenance and repair of existing electrical installations with a voltage of 42 V and above AC, as well as installation work	adj. 2 p. 1. (1 time per year) adj. 1 clause 3.4.1. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.2.2.2. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.2.2.3. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 2 p. 2. (1 time in 2 years)
Electrical engineer with the duties of electromechanical communications	Work at height Electromagnetic field of radio frequency range (10k Hz -300 GHz), electrostatic and permanent magnetic field, work on maintenance and repair of existing electrical installations with a voltage of 42 V and above AC, as well as installation work Local vibration	adj. 2 p. 1. (1 time per year) adj. 1 clause 3.2.2.2. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.2.2.3. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 2 p. 2. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 3.4.1. (1 time in 2 years)	Work in a safety belt at height, work with power tools, from stepladders
Chief Power Engineer	Working at height Low air temperature	adj. 2 p. 1. (1 time per year) adj. 1 clause 3.8. (1 time in 2 years)	Work in a safety belt at height, work with power tools, from stepladders
Engineer (fireman) of a coal-fired boiler house, including those employed in ash removal	Physical overload Thermal radiation Dust carbon: other fossil coals containing up to 5% silicon dioxide Carbon oxide	adj. 1 clause 4.1. (once a year) adj. 1 clause 3.10. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.1.4.6.1 (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 p.1.2.37. (1 time in 2 years)	Tilts of the body more than 100 times per shift, removal of slag from the ash pan, loading hard coal into the furnace
Worker for complex maintenance and repair of buildings	Hydrocarbon mixtures: white spirit Aromatic hydrocarbons: (toluene, xylene) Hydrocarbon mixture: gasoline, petroleum, kerosene, mineral oils	appendix 1 clause 1.3.5. (once a year) adj. 1 p.1.2.38. (1 time in 2 years) adj. 1 clause 1.3.5. (1 time per year)	Occasional work during the summer associated with painting equipment, buildings and structures. Work with power tools, chainsaw, gas trimmer.

Designed by:

Labor protection specialist E.I. Pavlov