home » Treaties » Timekeeping of working time order. Timing of working hours and labor rationing

Timekeeping of working time order. Timing of working hours and labor rationing

Time management is a very handy tool that allows you to evaluate the performance of both individual employees and entire departments. This helpful information can also be beneficial if downsizing is needed.

To identify the most productive employees, you should evaluate how they manage their time. For this, there are several effective methods, one of which is the timing of working hours. This employee appraisal tool, which occurs according to a certain algorithm.

Dear readers! Our articles talk about typical solutions legal issues but each case is unique.

If you want to know how to solve exactly your problem - contact through the online consultant on the right or call by phone free consultation:

What is work time tracking?

Such a method is necessary in order to carefully study, how exactly the employee spends his time at the enterprise.

With the help of timing, you can percentage determine how many hours or minutes it takes to rest, how much to fruitful work, and how much is required to prepare the workflow.

But in order to conduct a correct assessment, it is necessary to track all the actions of an employee in a certain period. Most often this is one working day, but not always for such a short time can see the exact picture of what is happening.

That's why certification can last for several days. Next, averages are taken out, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn.

With the help of timekeeping, you can not only identify labor efficiency, but also create more favorable conditions for a specific position.

If it turns out that the workload of an employee is too large, assistants can be given to him. In general, timing data is in a good way to optimize the working system.

This is especially convenient for large enterprises and mass production with repetitive workflow elements.

If such certification is carried out periodically, it is possible to reduce the risk of poor company performance. But for this it is necessary to make timekeeping at the first hints of a problem. The employer has the right to independently initiate such checks.

Timing is not mandatory, but if there is a production need employees cannot refuse to undergo such certification.

This procedure is carried out special commission, which includes, that is, observers, as well as personnel department specialists and non-core employees by order of superiors. Moreover, the employee has the right to independently conduct timing. This can be both a plus and a minus for him.

On the one hand, in this way it can be proved that a person recycles. But with independent fixation of work processes and entering all information into the document, it will be spent Extra time. This will lead to research will be biased. Therefore, most often independent timing is replaced by the usual one.

This process can be done in several ways. It can be continuous, that is, it can continue all work time, as well as selective with the measurement of time spent only on certain operations.

Timing can also be cyclic. Here, the time spent is measured only for cyclically repeating operations. When compiling reporting documents, and can be used. This is called photo timing.

Purposes and functions

The main purpose for which such certification is carried out is determining the performance of an employee or department. Moreover, properly conducted timing allows you to optimize the production and the number of personnel in a particular position.

If it turns out that people spend too much time on a particular process, and productivity suffers, new vacancies should be opened. On the other hand, if some employees are found to be wasting too much time, the staff can either be streamlined.

Monitoring the efficiency of work at the enterprise is one of the main functions of time management, including such a tool as timing. Therefore, this the method is widely used in enterprises with a large staff.

Rules and requirements

This procedure has its own characteristics. Therefore, when an employer or employee initiates timing, they must prepare Required documents to make sure everything is in line with the rules..

In addition, there are other requirements for this type of certification. They concern, among other things, the ability of controllers to view the place of work of a person who is being monitored. There should not be any barriers to this. Nevertheless, employees are not allowed to contact observers.

One of the important requirements for timing is that employees must be notified in advance of the upcoming inspection. To initiate certification, the employer must comply with the provisions of labor law.

In the process of collecting data and compiling timing documents, all safety rules in the enterprise should be observed.

If observers have not previously encountered work in a particular department where there is a presence of dangerous equipment, before starting the check, they must.

Also responsible persons are required to know exactly how the timekeeping documents of working time are filled out. If the finished sheet of the chronocard contains errors and blots, the paper will be invalidated.

Main stages

In order to qualitatively conduct the process of attestation of the employee's working time, it is necessary to act according to a certain algorithm. In total, the timing is divided into three main stages:

Preparatory when the necessary documentation is prepared, employees are notified and briefings are given to observers;
Directly verification stage;
conclusions, which are made on the basis of data from the chronocard. Most often, this procedure is carried out by the head of the enterprise or high-ranking managers.

The process itself is carried out according to a certain scheme. To begin with, inspectors must read the work rules. This will allow you to more clearly determine deviations from the established parameters. Most often, the enterprise already has specific working standards.

If the department is new, timing can be used to identify them. To do this, monitoring is carried out for the best and most advanced employees of the company. Their indicators should become working standards for all employees of the company working in a certain area.

The procedure for measuring working time involves fixing in the document each workflow on which the employee spends time. Here the beginning and end of the period of execution of a separate operation or group of works is recorded.

The task of the observer will be to write to the table all data regarding not only work, but also rest of the employee. There should be a special column where the number of breaks and their duration are noted.

Ultimately, it will be possible to determine exactly how much time was spent on the performance of work duties, how much for rest and preparation for the labor process. Prepared papers are transferred to higher management for consideration, which will draw the final conclusions.

Example

Certification can be carried out not only in relation to ordinary employees, but also to any head of the department, if the chief director needs it. For example, he can initiate a check of the chief accountant's working time.

To do this, a paper is drawn up, where in without fail the name of the enterprise, position and full name of the employee, his work experience and length of service are indicated. Further in the document, the date of the timing is prescribed.

After filling in the upper part of the document, you can move on to the central part, which is convenient to make in the form of a table. Here will be entered information about the beginning and end of measurements with the obligatory name of the operation. fixed and free time employee, for example, for his personal needs.

The unit of measurement must be minutes. Additional elapsed time can be displayed as a percentage, which will be more convenient for perception.

As an example, you can take the table of timing of the chief accountant's working hours:

Timing of the working day of the chief accountant of LLC "Company" Ivanova Maria Ivanovna;
Work experience at the enterprise 10 years.

Date of measurement	Timing object	Duration
Date of measurement	Timing object	Hour	Minute	Interest
August 19, 2018	Working with a computer and 1C program	3	20	41,7%
	Writing emails	0	40	8,3%
	Telephone conversations	1	00	12,5%
	Participation in meetings	1	00	12,5%
	Waiting for software and system updates	0	15	3,1%
	Workplace preparation and completion	0	10	2%
	Breaks at work (including an hour for a legal lunch)	1	35	19,8%

Check starts at 9:00;
Completion of the check 17:00.

Based on this table, it becomes clear that the workload of the chief accountant is quite normal. Working hours are sufficient to carry out the main work, while, at the same time, the employee does not have to work and stay longer than the allotted time to complete your business.

For leisure, including for a legal lunch from 12:00 to 13:00 Chief Accountant gets enough hours and minutes. In such a timing table, it is very convenient that data is entered here not only in time, but also in percentage terms.

Features of filling out the form

In order for the company to conduct timekeeping of working hours, the initiative must come from the manager or from the employee himself which happens quite rarely. At the same time, the management must create an order where inspectors and employees who will pass the certification will be appointed.

All parties should be familiar with this document, as notification of the upcoming timing is a mandatory step such a procedure.

From the side of the law, there are no specific rules for the creation of an order. That's why the document can be formatted in any form. But the main thing is that there should be the signature and seal of the head. Also, the order specifies the time of the timing, indicates the responsible persons and representatives of the commission.

After all the parties involved in this process are familiar with the document, everyone signs the paper.

An example of filling out the timekeeping form of working hours:

Data collection and interpretation

After that, at the appointed time, you can start collecting data. special shape There is no work time sheet. Therefore, you can make it up to your liking. Often on large enterprises create their own corporate forms.

It is most convenient if the document has table to record all the necessary data. This makes it possible to more effectively draw conclusions and qualitatively interpret the obtained figures.

Final verdict after review will be issued by the head of the enterprise. Timekeeping can show fairly accurate information about how much time is spent on specific jobs in a particular position. This allows you to qualitatively optimize the workflow.

Working hours are great assistant to the head of a department or an entire enterprise. Due to the obtained data, you can successfully control the cost of staff and avoid unnecessary expenses.

Moreover, this method allows accurately identify candidates for dismissal if it is necessary to optimize the work team, as well as create standards for the labor process, which will identify lagging behind and encourage leaders.

Find out more about applying timing from video:

This form can be printed from MS Word (in page layout mode), where the viewing and printing settings are set automatically. To switch to MS Word, press the button.

Approximate form


	I approve
	Supervisor medical organization


	"__" __________ 20__

Regulations on the timing of working hours of medical workers of a medical organization

1. General Provisions

1.1. Timing of working time is used in a medical organization to analyze and study the cost of working time to perform consistently repetitive work. Time measurements are used to determine the duration of individual repetitive labor operations of medical workers.

1.2. The main goals pursued during the timing of working time are:

- determination of the structure of the working time of each medical worker (duration certain types time consumption);

- analysis of the time spent by medical workers;

- comparative analysis of the work of medical workers with similar work tasks, and identification of ways to increase labor efficiency;

- development of time unit standards for performing certain types of actions;

- assessment of the organizational and technical conditions of workplaces and their impact on the cost of working time of medical workers.

1.3. Prior to the start of timing measurements, the head of the medical organization determines the employees - subjects of timing of working hours (observed), persons responsible for timing, the terms during which it is required to conduct research, drawing up his will with the appropriate order, which he acquaints interested employees with.

2. Timing technique

The timing method provides for compliance with the rules for its implementation:

2.1. An observer is involved in the timing - a highly qualified specialist of a medical organization who knows the technology of the treatment and diagnostic process well, is able to conduct an examination of the volume and quality of the assistance provided.

2.2. The employee, regarding whom the decision is made to time the working time, must be notified in advance.

2.3. When timing working time, the place of the observer must be located in such a way that he can see the entire labor process, as well as all the actions performed by the employee in respect of whom timing is being carried out. At the same time, contact between the worker and the observer should be completely excluded or minimized.

2.4. Before conducting timing, it is necessary to compile a list (dictionary) of individual labor operations and types of work included in the functional duties of the observed (Appendix 1), which allows, during statistical processing of materials, to identify the performance of work that is not typical for a particular group of personnel.

The classification of labor costs of medical personnel includes 7 types of activities: main, auxiliary, other activities, work with documentation, office conversations, personal necessary and unloaded time.

2.5. The timing of the timing should be sufficient to obtain reliable representative data on labor costs for all labor operations.

2.6. Received data on time spent medical worker are entered in the sheet (map) of chronometric observations, where the order and name of labor operations and labor costs are recorded for the current time (Appendix 2). It should not contain corrections, the entries must be made using a technique that does not allow corrections.

2.7. In the process of timing, compliance with safety requirements must be ensured.

3. Stages of timing

The study of the cost of working time is carried out in four stages:

3.1. Preparing for Observations

During preparation for the work, the observer must:

- Familiarize yourself with the observed employees. He must collect the following information from them: last name, first name, patronymic, age, education, work experience (general medical and in this specialty), position held, specialization and improvement, qualification category;

- get acquainted with the regulations on the relevant department and job descriptions of the observed employees;

- study in detail the workplaces of the observed, equipment with everything necessary for work;

- prepare for work special forms in which the results of the observation are recorded.

Based on the data of the first stage, a list (dictionary) of individual labor operations subject to timing is approved.

Medical workers are instructed on timing, friendly relations are established in order to increase the reliability of the results obtained in the future.

3.2. Observations

During the timing, all labor operations of a medical worker are recorded.

The data obtained on the time spent by a medical worker are entered into a sheet (map) of chronometric observations, where the order and name of labor operations and labor costs are recorded for the current time.

The current time, in contrast to fixed time, when the duration of each operation is directly measured, is determined by a chronometer or by an ordinary watch with a second hand, while the observation map marks the start time of each subsequent labor operation, which at the same time means the end of the previous one.

To correctly measure the duration of each operation, it is necessary to set its boundaries, that is, fixing points. Fixing points are distinct external signs that determine the start and end of the operation, convenient for measuring its duration. Each labor operation must have a start and end fixation point. A mandatory requirement is the coincidence of the final fix point of the previous labor operation with the initial fix point of the operation following it.

The duration of a labor operation is determined by subtracting from the start time of the operation following it the start time of this operation.

Each labor operation is coded in accordance with the list (dictionary) compiled by the observer of the types of activities and labor operations of the medical worker.

The serial number of the patient's card is indicated in the sheet (card) of chronometric observations in cases where the labor operation is associated with this patient.

3.3. Processing of received data

Processing the results of chronometric measurements includes the calculation of the average time spent, the determination of the estimated time for each labor operation to complete the study under study.

The average time spent on a single labor operation is defined as the arithmetic average of all measurements.

3.4. Analysis of results

During the analysis of the results of the observations, irrational costs and direct losses of working time are established, as well as proposals for reasonable standards (norms) of labor costs for the intended use are developed and recommendations are formed to improve the performance of the labor operation. Analysis of the results is an opportunity to draw the right conclusions about the state of the medical organization, the adequacy of the workload, the effectiveness of the medical worker, as well as outline a set of measures aimed at improving the use of available labor resources.

The position was developed by:

Appendix 1. List (dictionary) of the main types of activities included in the functional duties of the observed, and codes of labor operations

Annex 1


Main activities (formed by observer)	Labor operation code
Primary activity (examination, measurements, fulfillment of medical appointments, manipulations, etc.)

For effective management of resources, their analysis is necessary. To make a conclusion about the rational use of the allotted time for execution job duties worker, rationing specialists conduct timekeeping of working time. With the help of such a study, 2 tasks are solved: the actual costs of performing labor operations are determined and the structure of time costs in a work shift is established. Based on the information received, time standards are developed.

Work time

Working time consists of the cost of fulfilling labor obligations and breaks for rest. The time spent on the fulfillment of labor obligations is the sum of the time for performing production tasks and the time for performing operations that are unusual for the employee, that is, those that can be avoided.

For execution production order the employee goes through several stages: preparatory and final, operational and maintenance working area. The first stage is the preparation of the workplace. Looking at the timing of the accountant's working time, we can say that this is turning on the computer, loading the program. The operational stage includes direct work: conducting postings, talking with debtors, compiling reports, calculating wages. Maintenance of the accountant's workplace is sorting documents into folders, cleaning stationery in places.

Employee breaks are regulated and unregulated. Those that are provided for by working conditions are rest, time for organizational and technical reasons. Disciplinary violations are not provided for by working conditions and refer to downtime due to the fault of the worker.

It turns out that the timing of working time is an example of a detailed description of the actions of the worker.

Methods for studying working time

Duration, sequence of performance of labor operations can be determined with the help of continuous and momentary observations. The measurement of working time by the continuous method gives detailed data on actual costs, but it is more laborious and unable to cover the study of a large group of workers.

The instant method is based on recording costs at a randomly selected time. It is simple, does not require special training of a person to carry it out, covers a larger number of observed workers, but the data are very average.

Timing of working time refers to continuous observations, but photography - to momentary ones.

Timing

The study of the time of repetitive manual or machine-manual operations occurs through timing. If a study of the time costs of all elements of the operation is carried out, this is a continuous timing of working time. An example of the use of such a labor rationing tool can be found at any plant.

In the case of studying individual elements of the production process, selective timing is used. For example, when studying the labor costs of a healthcare worker, this could be taking into account the time spent on making an injection.

It is expedient to carry out the timing of working time half an hour after the start of the shift and one hour before its end. Then the time costs will reflect accurate information, because they were measured during the period of increased and decreased productivity.

Preparation and timing

Familiarization with the researched operation.
Definition of fixing points, i.e. differentiation of an operation into elements.
The study of the organization of the researched workplace.
Creation of conditions for the continuous completion of the process.
Entering information in the form for the description of the operation.

The observation begins with a trial moment of the study in order to approximately know the duration of the components of the operation. The number of observations can be determined from normative tables by comparing known data: type of production, duration of operation. To time the nurse's working time and find out the number of measurements, you can use table No. 1.

Results processing

During observation, the human factor plays a role in obtaining data, and defective measurements are not ruled out, which should be noted during timing. When processing the results, they must be deleted.

After the defective measurements are removed from the register, the duration of each component of the operation is calculated and time series are formed. If you look at the timing of working time (a sample is given below), you can see that the time series is the time for each element of the operation and observation. For example, for an injection by a nurse, the time series is represented by numbers in Table 2.

Table number 2

Element name	Fixing points	Observation/duration, sec
Element name	Fixing points
Removing the syringe from the package, connecting the body with the needle	Needle setting click
Opening the ampoule, filling the syringe with a solution and removing air from the syringe	Isolation from the solution needle
Wetting cotton wool with alcohol, wiping the injection site, inserting a needle into muscle tissue	Smell of alcohol
The introduction of the solution, the removal of the syringe, the treatment of the place with cotton wool with alcohol	Disposal of the used syringe

The time table for normalizing the time for one injection by a nurse in practice should contain 20 measurements, since the time spent on the entire operation is 2 minutes. As an example, for greater clarity, the number of observations has been reduced to five.

Stability factor

The next step in processing the results is to determine the stability coefficient for estimating the chronological series, which is equal to the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value in terms of the duration of work. There is a table normative values sustainability.

Each element of the operation has its own normative and actual coefficient. Looking at the timing of working time, an example of which is given above, it can be seen that Ku for the first element is 10:7 \u003d 1.4, the second - 1.3, the third - 1.1 and the fourth - 1.1. Referring to the table of standard values, we determine that all elements of the operation exceed 10 seconds in time, refer to manual labor and are of a mass type. That is, Ku normative is 1.5. The actual values do not exceed the norm, so the time series is stable, and the observation is considered to be of high quality. If the situation is the opposite, that is, the actual Ku is greater than the standard, then the extreme values \u200b\u200bare removed from the series. The procedure is repeated until the stated condition is satisfied. However, the exclusion should not exceed 15% of all measurements. In case if in example If the time series is unstable, then even the exclusion of one value already exceeds the threshold of 15% (1 element = 20%), and then it would be necessary to repeat the timing of working time.

Average duration

The last indicator to calculate is the average duration. It is defined as the arithmetic average over the entire time series. Visually, based on the data in the table, this is (8+7+9+10+8):5 = 8.4 seconds. This is how much a nurse spends on average for the first stage of an injection operation.

The data obtained is needed to analyze the costs of the individual components of the operation. Normalizers then rationalize the time: if there is a possibility, a partial replacement of elements is proposed self made to the machine.

The timing of the nurse's working time for making one injection showed that it is necessary to spend 2.2 minutes. The result is obtained by dividing the sum medium duration each element for 60 seconds. If not divided by 60, then the value will be in seconds.

Timing Goals

Obtaining data for the development or adjustment of regulations. In 2014, in order to update industry standards in Russia, a doctor’s working hours were timed, the results of which revealed that, on average, it takes 5.5 minutes to see a patient. In Europe, this figure is 8 minutes.
Identification of unnecessary actions in the work of the object under study in order to draw up norms for the rational use of time.
Gain insight into new ways to complete a task by observing frontline workers in a production facility.
Identification of reasons for non-compliance with standards.

Timing: sample

The object of observation are social workers who provide services at home. The task of the study is to assess the working time of employees and identify reserves for rational use labor activity.

The preparatory stage will be the creation of a commission for measurements and processing of results. For timing, a period of 3 working days is selected.

Employee #1

	the name of the operation	Duration, min

	Purchasing and home delivery of groceries
	Purchasing and home delivery of groceries
Average duration

Employee #2

	the name of the operation	Duration, min
	Purchasing and home delivery of groceries
	Purchasing and home delivery of groceries
	Purchasing and home delivery of groceries
Average duration

The total average time is: (51+49):2=50 minutes.

The timing of the social worker's working time showed that to complete the task for the specified service, the employee needs to spend 50 minutes. You can also count the number of clients served during the month and distribute the workload of employees.

Disadvantages of timing

Dependence of the reliability of the results on the choice of the object of observation.
The subjectivity of the data obtained, since the norm of time is estimated according to one criterion - the impracticability of the duration of the operation.
Difficulties in assessing the loss of time. To identify them, a rational labor process project is needed.
The impossibility of accurately timing working time on short-term operations.
The impossibility of comparing the time spent on the same operations at different enterprises.

The balance of working time is understood as the distribution of working days and hours, fixed in a special table. Its compilation is necessary for planning labor activity, calculating the optimal number of staff and feasible workload. The balance of working time allows you to optimize the most productive use of the time fund. Otherwise, this procedure is called timing. Let's take a look at the highlights for 2019.

Features of the balance of working hours for 2019

When planning and distributing working time, two basic factors are taken into account: time resource and its use. The first is understood as the total value of the calendar, time sheet and the maximum allowable time fund, taking into account possible absenteeism and justified absence. The second indicator characterizes the chronological structure.

In 2019, the formation of working time regulations is permissible in 3 forms.

Actual. Maximum accounting of all indicators of the use of working time with the finding and elimination of ineffective ones. Gives an objective view of the performance outlook.
Planned. It is used for workplace planning, informs about the average planned output of each employee.
Normative. It is compiled on the basis of legally established standards for all stages: preparation for the implementation of duties, their implementation, a break for lunch and rest, the end of the day, delivery of the result, etc.

In any form of such a report, the possibility of changing the time frame should be provided.

What tasks does the balance of working time solve?

Competent timing is the main tool for the employer to regulate the production process. With its help, the following tasks are solved.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of business decisions.
Determining the effective loading of equipment.
Performance analysis for each employee.
Calculation of the percentage of usefulness of actions performed by employees.
Eliminate downtime and eliminate non-payload operations.
Determining the dynamics of each of the timing indicators.

The owners of the company, leading managers and the employees themselves are interested in the correct timing. Each has its own goal - from getting a real picture of productivity and calculating maximum efficiency to controlling processing.

Fundamentals of calculating working hours in 2019

Determining the balance consists of the following operations.

Preparation of timing forms according to the sample

For each position or function, a different template is used. At this stage, the actions of employees to be recorded are identified. The units of measure displayed in the table (seconds, minutes, hours, days) are selected. Timing can be aimed at a specific technological process (production, packaging, implementation of one specific operation) or all actions of an employee in a specific position.

Data collection and analysis

The collection of information is carried out within the principles defined at the first stage. A responsible person is appointed for their formation and processing. The work is done in two ways.

Entering data manually.
Automated information processing.

The choice in favor of the first or second method is determined by the amount of information, the workload of the employee, technical equipment, the scale of the company. At the end of the data collection, they need to be systematized, analyzed and a report based on the results.

Analysis of the received timing

During the analysis of the collected data on the use of working time, ways to solve production problems are determined. The following results of the analysis contribute to the increase in production efficiency.

Visual performance statistics for a specific employee or team.
Results of comparative and factorial analysis of statistics on the use of working time.
Determining the relationship between the dynamics of the employee's actions and economic indicators.

All personnel decisions regarding the number of staff, the opening of new units and the closure of unprofitable ones, changes in the working hours at the initiative of the employer at large enterprises are made only on the basis of timing.

The value of the coefficients for the use of working time

On the basis of timekeeping, indicators of coefficients for the use of working time are calculated. With their help, the effectiveness of the use of the calendar, personnel and the maximum possible fund is determined. The formula for each case is different.

Kkvf \u003d Total number of hours worked * / calendar fund of time;
Ktvf \u003d Total amount of hours worked * / time fund;
Kmvf \u003d Total number of hours worked * / maximum possible fund.

*unit rev. - man-days.

The first reflects the situation in the industry and the economy as a whole, the second reveals the situation in related and intersecting industries, the third shows the degree of use of all possible time.

What does a sample of filling in the timekeeping of working hours look like?

One report can record data per employee. For example, in the first part of the report, information is entered on the timing of the working day: work on the computer, telephone conversations, meetings, lunch, change of clothes, airing the office, etc. In the second - exclusively production activities: preparation of equipment, execution of technological operations on it.

For typical timing, the following columns are mandatory.

Date of measurements. One form can display data for a long period. For example, for a month broken down by days. Each period has its own separate line.
Timing object. Measurement parameters are specified: technological operation or the actions of an employee performing duties in a particular position.
duration. Broken down into hours, minutes and seconds at the discretion of management. It is obligatory to calculate the time involved as a percentage in relation to an 8-hour working day.

The results of the report are the basis for changing the working regime, the acquisition of new equipment, which speeds up the work of the employee and increases his efficiency.

Each enterprise, both newly created and long-standing in the conditions of competing firms, strives to efficient use of production resources, achieve best performance labor, profitability of the company.

Only a strict accounting of the funds spent, an analysis of the ongoing actions of everyone involved in the implementation of their professional duties employee, will allow achieve good results. This is done by a separate group of employees working in the division for the organization of labor and wages. They explore the rational use of time by workers for a specific operation using timekeeping.

Experts seek solutions to problems:

reveal the fact of productive functionality of employees;
the amount of time spent on a particular task during a shift.

Often, some specialists analyze the work of others and give an opinion on the functioning cycles of the organization, identify shortcomings to eliminate them.

The need for and purpose of compiling

The main goal of the head of the company in conducting the timing of work procedures is efficiency improvement production processes, economical recruitment of personnel.

With the help of a specialized source, specialists record a wide range of information, allowing you to regulate production functions. To do this, a competent employee records the actions performed by the employee in a certain area, describes their content, duration.

During the holding period, a specific task is assigned to the worker, during which:

study time costs;
measure the duration of the action performed;
determine what the time is spent on;
identify a period that is not busy with business, increasing the time for production;
find a useful time reserve.

Having received the information employer can evaluate:

the degree of workload of the equipment;
implementation management decision on a separate site, will correct the need for additional mechanization;
performance of work by both an individual and a team in percentage terms;
amount of wasted time.

Timing perform an inventory of the working temporary space, identify quantitative production and management indicators.

After choosing the purpose for which the monitoring of the cyclic, preparatory work is carried out, they are determined with the appointment of the implementation of activities:

find out how long certain operational actions last, taking into account the techniques and movements;
calculate the application of the norms;
identify the possibility of using the best method and training of all employees.

From here do conclusions, which method of analysis is better to apply, with object observation:

With individual timekeeping examines the time spent on actions individual person, this method allows you to evaluate the skill of the performer and maximize the detail of the work;
by using group research reveals the result of performing one volumetric operation, rationally distributes the alignment of forces involved.

You can get the effective values of the work done with the help of two independent timekeepers, so that at the end of the study, check the measurements. Practitioners are advised to choose the most appropriate for the current moment, used in production chronometric view:

solid measurement to study all production operations;
selective research is used for a specific element;
cyclical the measurement reveals the time spent on individual techniques, lasting up to 4 seconds, they are grouped, measured again to determine the duration of each grouping.

Methods help to determine the head of the department the time spent on manufacturing products manual labor, preparation and the final part of this production, the cost of the workplace.

Timekeeping is carried out using digital or combined records. Observations carried out to determine the best or superfluous movements of an employee are carried out by photographing, graphic recording, stopwatches are used.

The specialist monitors the actions of the employee and the arrow of the device, enters the readings into the chronocard.

Before the operation, the observer gets acquainted with it, describes phased implementation, fills out the front part of the form by:

artist's data;
actions taken;
the equipment used;
data of tools and materials;
the state of the place and the enterprise.

The preparatory phase and subsequent work consists of dividing the observation into following details:

familiarity with the subject under study;
identification of moments of fixation;
definition of workflow elements;
providing conditions for the selected type of observations;
card entries.

To perform sequential actions it is necessary to combine certain requirements with the rules:

the current specialist must have sufficient qualifications, he will be able to share, describe in detail the process, conduct an assessment;
be located in such a way as to facilitate the performance of work without interfering with the employee, have easy access, a visual representation of the procedure;
avoid side conversations.

Supervisory actions are not held secretly, staff are warned about timing in advance when and for what it will be performed. Necessarily ensuring absolute safety at workplaces, regardless of their specialization.

In order to prepare an acceptable form for records, the observer is required to decide on following points:

how much work is subject to direct timing;
choose a measurement unit, in terms of which a certain activity is reflected over a time period.

For example, an office employee object is selected, which means that the map indicates:

the work of a specialist with the help of a computer program;
telephone conversations;
electronic messages;
call to a meeting or planning meeting;
rest at lunchtime.

During the observation, every little thing is recorded up to the personal changing of the employee and waiting for the computer to reboot.

If the check for the duration of actions is relatively technological process, then measure the time for:

loading and unloading of commercial products;
assembly of parts;
quality reconciliation;
release of the finished product.

The unit with which to calculate the observations, the specialist chooses the most convenient for this case:

minutes;
seconds;
watch;
weeks.

The choice depends on the purpose of the event, what management wants to achieve: effective management or productivity.

Implementation of data collection

The timekeeper can perform his observational task manually or automatically by filling out the most appropriate form. The observer uses the device, monitors the actions of the worker, takes measurements and enters data into the table.

The application of the method and additional devices depend on object which is being tested. If the management is trying to find out the speed of the work of specialized specialists, they use automated time recording. The parallel program will perform these actions and return data on the frequency of software requests.

What is automatic timing of working time, you can learn from this video.

Interpretation of results

The transfer of the valid meaning of the collected information to the chronocard is carried out through:

visualization of working functions;
comparative analysis of actual movements;
dependence of indicators reflecting the actions of the employee and the result obtained in the form of marketable products.

Timing from the collected values by two specialists will be more effective, this allows you to get more accurate information. On its basis, they carry out the movement of personnel, publish methods with recommendations.

Examples in practice

According to the completed table, we can conclude about the abilities of one of the workers who cuts metal blanks.

Completed work	Duration of operations by dates								Average amount
Total	180	180	195	197	186	189	207	199	191,62
	1.02	2.02	3.02	4.02	5.02	6.02	7.02	8.02
1. Got an outfit	30	25	20	35	28	23	25	33	27,37
2. Brought material to the workshop	20	22	23	24	21	28	30	25	24,12
3. Prepared the working area	15	16	18	17	13	20	22	21	17,75
4. Set up cutting equipment	20	25	30	25	28	33	40	25	28,25
5. Made the markup	35	30	40	35	38	30	36	39	35,37
6. Cut according to the drawings of the part	60	62	64	61	58	55	54	56	58,75

The execution of the work of one sample occurred in seconds, in a production mode with a rolling schedule.

To determine the hours you need:

191.62 / 60 / 60 = 0.053 person/hour

Since the week of work consists of 8 days, the duration of each shift is 5 hours according to the standard, it follows:

5 / 0.053 = 94 pcs

An employee per week will be able to cut on average 94 details. In order to accurately calculate the productivity of a turning, locksmith or repair team, you need to make an observation of several people of different preparedness and professionalism, take into account the exit for a smoke break, lunch and other absences, since a person cannot be at the machine for 5 hours.

Observations are carried out at a certain production site by order of the head in an order. Personnel acquaint all participants and interested persons with the order.

It states management's decision regarding:

the department in which the measurements will take place;
establishing a commission responsible for monitoring;
deadlines for the implementation of activities;
appointment of observers who will be responsible for the execution of the order.

When the time comes for the execution of the order, the performers go to the facility and carry out all the measures required by the requirements, the data is entered into the time card.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of observing and fixing work processes, identifying weaknesses that hinder productivity growth- all this speaks of the benefits of performing timing work.

But not all enterprises have taken root, people have lost the habit of manually filling out documentation. With reliability, too, not everything is going smoothly in this area, no one has yet canceled the human factor and peace agreements that negatively affect the facts.

If the manager competently manages his staff, it means that it will not be possible to increase the fictitious working capacity of employees, and he will find out the real picture of the state of his enterprise.

A video on how to run the timing is shown below.