40 hours per week. How many hours a work week is in Russia? Average working day: formula

Labor legislation establishes a maximum amount of time per week and month during which a person performs his job duties. This period is called "normal hours of work".

What is the normal working time per week?

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation sets specific figures only within the framework of the week. According to article 91 of the above code of laws, the normal working hours per week cannot be more than 40 hours.

This figure is set subject to certain conditions:

• A person performs his job duties full time;
• He is not assigned a reduced work shift;
• The person does not belong to the category of part-time workers.

In addition to the fact that the legislator establishes a 40-hour work week, the duration of continuous rest during the week is also regulated. It is equal to 42 hours and is prescribed by article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In practice, this means that every 7 days a person must have a rest of at least the specified number of hours, respectively, it is impossible to go to work 7 days a week, no matter how long the shift is.

How is normal working time per month calculated?

Since the legislator stipulates the rules only for working hours within one week, and the accounting of working hours is mainly carried out on a monthly basis, the question arises: what is the normal length of working hours per month?

This figure will depend on the number of working days in a particular month. That is, it will be set separately for each month, and in different years this value for the same month may not be the same.

The starting point for calculating the required norm is a five-day working week with two days of rest.

As a legislative act, in which the relevant norms are prescribed for all months of the calendar year, the production calendar is approved, which is approved for one year.

Working hours according to the Labor Code-2018

The Labor Code does not say anything about how long the working day should be. Therefore, the answer to the question: a full-time job is how many hours will depend on the schedule set for a particular position.

• Five day work week and two days off. In this case, a full working day will be equal to 8 hours.
• Six day work week with one day off. In this case, the duration of the working day will be equal to 7 hours in common days, and decrease to 5 hours a day, after which there is a day off.
• Coming to work according to the schedule. In this case, the duration of the shift is not regulated, that is, it can even be a day, but the norm of 40 hours per week should not be exceeded.

The employer has the right to determine the operating mode at the enterprise himself, and he can use several schedules at once, depending on the position and work requirements.

Hours of work when working part-time

When the work performed is not the main one, the normal working hours cannot exceed the regulated values:

• Four hours a day, if a person is busy at the main job;
• A full work shift on the day when he rests from his main job;
• More than half of the monthly norm of working hours.

These values ​​are provided for in Article 284 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

That is, a part-time job cannot be issued for more than 0.5 rates, regardless of whether it is external or internal.

Note! If the part-time worker is issued less than half the rate, then the rate of hours worked per month should be reduced. For example, if a person works at 0.25 wages, then for him the normal working time is not half, but only a quarter of the maximum value approved by the production calendar.

Average working day: formula

The average length of the working day is determined in the accounting and economic calculations of the rational use of the working time fund. Most often it is calculated in the following cases:

• With a work week that lasts six days;
• For positions that have an irregular schedule;
• For people who are often called upon to work overtime;
• For positions that have a shift work schedule.

The average working day is calculated by the formula:

Note! If a person works a five-day week, with a regular working day, then it does not make sense to calculate the average value, since it will be equal to the actual working shift, that is, 8 hours.

Labor legislation of the Russian Federation regulates how long working hours are considered normal. It is equal to 40 hours during the week. The standard work schedule is a five-day week with an 8-hour work day and two days off. Based on this, the monthly norm of working hours is established. The duration of the work shift is not regulated, but the employer must take into account that every week the employee must have a rest of at least 42 hours in a row. For part-time workers, the normal working hours in the Russian Federation have been halved compared to the norm for a full-time job.

This is a statutory norm of working hours, which must be observed by the parties to the employment contract (employee and employee), regardless of the form of ownership of the organization.

Being established by law, the normal length of working time cannot be changed by other regulations and by agreement of the parties.

Normal working hours- This no more than 40 hours per week for both five- and six-day workweeks. Duration daily work(shifts) with a 40-hour five-day working week, an 8-hour duration of daily work (shift) is established, and with a 6-day 40-hour working week, a 7-hour duration of daily work (shift) for 5 working days, and on the sixth (pre-weekend) duration of daily work (shift) is reduced to 5 hours (part 3 of article 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), which ensures compliance with the weekly norm.

abbreviated work time

Reduced hours of work established by the Labor Code Russian Federation and others federal laws for certain categories of workers, taking into account age, the harmfulness of working conditions, its intensity, the specifics of labor functions and other factors.

Reduced hours of work are set for the following workers:

For persons under the age of 16 no more than 24 hours in Week;

For persons aged 16 to 18 - no more than 36 hours ;

For workers employed with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions - no more than 36 hours per week in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social labor relations.

such as teachers, doctors and other workers with a special nature of work. For example, for teaching staff reduced working hours no more than 36 hours per week (part 1 of article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), for medical workers no more than 39 hours a week (Article 50 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Reduced working hours are established for women working in rural areas and regions of the Far North, for disabled workers with wages as for a normal working week.

With a reduced working day (according to general rule) for hours not worked by the employee, an additional payment is made based on the average earnings of the employee.

part-time work

part-time work - this is less than normalized normal and reduced time, established not by law, but in accordance with Article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation by agreement of the parties, and with payment in proportion to the hours worked.

Part-time work (part-time work or part-time work week) is established at the time of employment or subsequently by agreement between employee and employer.

In case of part-time work, the number of hours of work per day is reduced compared to what is established by the employer in the Internal Rules work schedule or a schedule for this category of workers (for example, instead of 8 hours - 4 hours).

Part-time working week means setting fewer working days (less than 5 or 6 days). It is also possible to establish an employee with a part-time working week with part-time work (for example, 3 working days a week for 4 hours each).

So, the employer at the request of the employee must set part time

1) pregnant women,

2) one of the parents who has a child under the age of 14 or a disabled child under the age of 18,

3) as well as to a person caring for a sick family member in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts.

When working on a part-time basis, the employee is paid in proportion to the hours worked or depending on the performance volume works.

Part-time work is set more often at the request of the employee.

If the initiative belongs to the employer, then the procedure for changing the terms of the employment contract determined by the parties (Article 74 of the RF TU) must be followed. Thus, according to Article 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in order to prevent the mass dismissal of workers and preserve jobs, the employer has the right, taking into account the opinion of the trade union body, to introduce part-time work for up to 6 months.

If the employee refuses to continue working on the terms of this mode of working hours, then the employment contract is terminated in accordance with paragraph 2 of part 1 of article 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (to reduce the number or staff of employees). This is important, because when employees are laid off for ground they are provided with appropriate guarantees and compensations (for example, payment of severance pay and maintenance of wages for a period of employment up to 2 or 32 months). The cancellation of the part-time work regime is also carried out by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization.

As a general rule, part-time work is established by agreement of the parties to an employment contract for a fixed period or without specifying a period and is fixed in employment contract or in an additional agreement to it. At the same time, the entry in work book this is not being done.

Part-time workers are retained in full All labor rights(have the right to annual leave normal duration, etc.).

Work at night

Night time is from 22:00 to 06:00. The duration of work (shift) at night is reduced by 1 hour(Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Shortening the duration night work is not subject to working off, i.e., it entails a reduction in the weekly duration of working time. However, this does not lead to a decrease in wages, since night work is paid at an increased rate (Article 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The duration of work (shift) at night is not reduced for employees who have a reduced working time, as well as for employees hired specifically for work at night, unless otherwise provided by the collective agreement.

In cases where it is necessary for working conditions, as well as in shift work with a 6-day working week with one day off, the duration of night and day work (shift) is the same. List specified works may be determined by a collective agreement, local normative act.

The order of work at night of creative workers of cinematography organizations, television and video crews, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses, the media and professional athletes in accordance with the lists of categories of these workers, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, may be determined by a collective agreement, a local regulatory act or an agreement between the parties to an employment contract.

Pregnant women, workers under the age of 18 (except for participation in the creation of works of art), and some other categories of workers are not allowed to work at night.

Women with children under the age of 3, disabled people and some persons raising children may be involved in night work only with their written consent (part 5 of article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation as amended on July 24, 2002).

Every hour of night work is paid at a higher rate than night work. normal conditions(but not lower than the amounts established by laws and other regulatory legal acts).

The specific size of the increase is established by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of employees, the collective agreement, the labor contract.

Overtime work

The establishment of a standard of working time does not exclude the fact that, under certain circumstances, work in excess of this standard becomes inevitable. Often the workers themselves, neglecting the interests of labor protection, seek to lengthen working hours in order to increase earnings. In this sense, the free admission of overtime would mean, in essence, the rejection of the limitation of working hours, so the conditions of real labor relations require the legal regulation of work carried out outside the normal working hours.

The law (Article 97 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) establishes that work outside the normal working hours can be done as at the initiative of the employee(combination), and employer's initiative(overtime work).

OVERTIME WORK is the work done by the worker at the initiative of the employer behind outside the established hours of work, daily work (shift), as well as work in excess of the normal number of working hours for the accounting period.(Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation)

Since the use of overtime works leads to excess of the norm of working hours, the legislation establishes legal guarantees that ensure their limitation. As such guarantees are:

a) establishment in the law of a list of circumstances that may serve as the basis for the application of overtime work;

b) the procedure for permitting overtime work;

c) limiting the number of overtime work for one employee;

d) establishment of a circle of persons who cannot be involved in overtime work.

International norms And Russian legislation always proceeded from the fact that the circumstances in which it is possible to exceed the established working hours must be exceptional.

This principle was established by the ILO Convention No. 1. adopted in 1919, the Convention determined that the maximum working hours established by it may be exceeded in the event of an accident, the threat of such, if urgent work is needed to repair machinery and equipment, or in a force majeure situation, but only in so far as it is necessary to avoid a serious disruption to the normal operation of the enterprise. For a more detailed listing of the circumstances under which overtime is permitted, see ILO Recommendation No. 116.

The consent of the employee is required:

Employee consent is not required:

ü If there is a need to complete (finish) the work that has been started, which, due to an unforeseen delay in specifications production could not be performed (completed) during the working day (shift) and if failure to perform (non-completion) of this work may entail: - damage or destruction of the employer's property; - damage or loss of property of third parties held by the employer, if he is responsible for the safety of this property; - damage or destruction of the state or municipal property- pose a threat to human life and health. ü During the performance of temporary work on the repair and restoration of mechanisms or structures, when their malfunction may cause a significant number of employees to stop working; ü To continue work if the replacement employee does not appear, if the work does not allow a break.

ü During the performance of works necessary for: - prevention of a catastrophe or industrial accident; - elimination of the consequences of a catastrophe, industrial accident or natural disaster; ü In the production of social necessary work to eliminate unforeseen circumstances that violate the normal functioning of water supply, gas supply, heating, lighting, sewerage, transport, communications; ü In the performance of work, the need to perform which is due to the introduction of a state of emergency or martial law; ü When performing urgent work under emergency conditions, such as: - disaster or threat of disaster (fires, floods, famine, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics); - other cases that endanger the life and normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it

In other cases, involvement in overtime work is allowed with the written consent of the employee and taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization.

It is prohibited to engage in overtime work:

Pregnant female employees under the age of 18.

Involvement in overtime work of disabled people, women with children under the age of three years is allowed with their written consent and provided that such work is not prohibited by them for health reasons in accordance with a medical opinion. At the same time, disabled people, women with children under the age of three, must be familiarized in writing with their right to refuse overtime work.

Overtime must not exceed for each employee four o'clock for two consecutive days and 120 hours a year and is paid for the first two hours of work at least one and a half times, for subsequent hours - at least double the amount.

Specific amounts of payment for overtime work may be determined by a collective agreement or an employment contract. At the request of the employee, overtime work, instead of increased pay, may be compensated by providing additional rest time, but not less than the time worked overtime.

Overtime must be properly documented and accounted for. The employer must keep accurate records of the overtime work performed by each employee. Failure to fulfill this obligation cannot lead to infringement of the rights of the employee. The employee has the right to demand payment for overtime work even if they are incorrectly executed or not taken into account.

Working hours.

WORKING HOURS – this is the distribution of the organization's working time per day, week, i.e. special order of alternation of working time and rest time.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation regulates the following types of working hours, which are established by a collective agreement or internal regulations:

1) Normal operation mode (one-shift);

2) Irregular working hours;

3) Flexible working hours;

4) Shift work mode;

5) Rotational work;

6) The regime of a fragmented working day (working time divided into parts).

The norm of working time is the amount of time that an employee must work during a calendar period of time (per month, quarter, year). The norm of working time for a specific period is calculated on the basis of the length of working time per week.

So, according to the calculated schedule of a 5-day 40-hour working week with two days off on Saturday and Sunday, the norm is calculated based on the duration of daily work (shift), which is 8 hours. And if the working time is less than 40 hours per week, then the duration of daily work is determined by dividing the number of hours per week by 5 (clause 1 of the Order, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of 08.13.2009 N 588n).

In addition, the calculation takes into account that the duration of the working day (shift) immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by 1 hour (Article 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Thus, the formula for calculating the norm of working hours for the month of 2017 with a 5-day working week looks like this:

Similarly, the norm of working hours for 2017 is considered.

Normal working hours and standard time for 2017

What is the normal working time per week? In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the normal working hours cannot exceed 40 hours per week (Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This is the maximum value. But since the rationing of working time should take into account the working conditions of workers, their age and other factors, the working time per week may be less than 40 hours. For example, 36 hours a week (Article 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). With such a length of the working week, the norm of working time, for example, in August 2017 is:

• with a 40-hour working week - 184 hours (8 hours x 23 working days);
• with a 36-hour work week - 165.6 hours (7.2 hours x 23 working days).

In 2017, there are only 3 days when working hours must be reduced by an hour, since they immediately precede public holidays: February 23rd, March 8th and November 4th. That is, the total time reduction is 3 hours. And the total number of working days in a year is 247. As a result, the norm of working hours for 2017 is equal.

I'm being forced to quit own will I work as a seamstress in the house of culture, in a week there will be a review of amateur performances. For the performance, new costumes are needed in large quantities, and the fittings were delivered only a week ago. In order to be on time, I am attracted to work on weekends and forced to stay after work. There will be no overtime pay, so I refused to work in this mode. Now I'm being forced to resign of my own free will. What should I do?

Lawyer's response:

Ask the employer to comply labor law(Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and send you written appeal(usually this is an order) on involvement in overtime work and involvement in work on weekends, undertake to pay for overtime hours worked and work on weekends in accordance with Art. 152-153 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Obtain your written consent to this.
The legislation establishes a limitation: the duration of overtime work should not exceed 4 hours for two consecutive days and 120 hours per year (Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Question

Several guards guard the area shopping center, which is owned by the company. Security guards are employed by this company. Do the guards have the right to divide the duty schedule among themselves in accordance with their wishes? Can it be taken into account that some of the guards are willing to work only at night?

Lawyer's response:

Features of the work schedule (including the duration of the shift, the moment of its beginning and end, the duration of breaks, the alternation of periods of work and rest) are determined in accordance with the labor regulations that are in force in the company. In accordance with Art. 100 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for employees whose work schedule differs from the general rules in force in the company, it should be determined by the employment contract.

In the absence of conditions in the employment contract regarding the work schedule, in accordance with Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation to the employment contract must be drawn up additional agreement, in which all wishes regarding the work schedule should be reflected. Security guards do not have the right to set a duty schedule on their own. The law (part 4 of article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) also requires that employees be familiarized with the approved duty schedule against signature no later than 1 month before its introduction.

Question

Employee budget organization, who is not a civil servant, a 39-hour work week with a standard schedule (5 working days and 2 days off) is established. Job Responsibilities spelled out as in labor contract as well as in the job description.

At the direction of the management of the higher organization, in the coming months, the employee must participate in the project, the implementation period of which is 5 months. The project is being implemented in another locality(20 km from the main place of work). The nature of the work to be done is similar, however, it has certain specifics (a different target audience). The work schedule is defined as a shift (shift duration - 12 hours). At the same time, work is provided, including on weekends and holidays. At the request of the leadership of our organization, the main work must also be given sufficient attention. The financial side of the contract (salary, social package) is not subject to revision. Of course, these innovations do not suit me. Are management actions legal?

Lawyer's response:

No, the actions of the employer are not based on the law. In accordance with Art. 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, any change in working conditions becomes possible only by agreement of the parties. If, for reasons related to organizational and technical changes, the working conditions agreed upon by the parties are not subject to preservation, then their change is allowed, if at the same time labor functions employee will not be affected. Thus, in this case, the employee has every right to refuse the proposed working conditions with reference to a previously concluded employment contract and Article 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, the employment contract is subject to termination in accordance with paragraph 7 of article 77 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Question

How should the expression given in Art. 56 of the Labor Code on the duration of overtime work (that it cannot exceed 120 hours per year)?

Lawyer's response:

From February 1, 2002, a new Russian code regulating labor relations (Labor Code of the Russian Federation), replacing the Labor Code, a link to which is available in this issue. The concept of overtime work is disclosed in Art. 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, overtime work is understood as the activity of employees, implemented at the initiative of employers outside the normal working hours (shift), and when maintaining a summarized record of working time - in excess of the normal number of working hours in the accounting period. The duration of overtime work should not exceed 4 hours for each employee for 2 consecutive days, as well as 120 hours per year. At the same time, employers are required to provide reliable records of the duration of overtime work for each of the employees. Thus, the expression given in Art. 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation on the duration of overtime work (that it cannot exceed 120 hours per year), means that employees cannot be involved in overtime work for more than 120 hours for a continuous 12 months.

Question

An employee of the penitentiary system was accepted for a position with the condition of working in three days. However, very often, the management, in a notification manner, requires the employee to go to work on a daily basis in two, explaining this by the presence of a business need. At the same time, it is not clear how such changes in the work schedule are paid for. How should one behave in such a situation?

Lawyer's response:

According to Art. 72 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the operating mode cannot be changed unilaterally. Therefore, work within the new schedule is not the obligation of the employee. It should also be noted that, based on the circumstances set out in the question, the organization has established a requirement to maintain a summarized record of working time. This requirement means that the employer has defined an accounting period during which the employee must work a given number of hours. The amount of time worked within the accounting period is established based on the normal working hours (in accordance with Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is 40 hours per week). To determine this volume, the formula is used: (40 hours / 5) * number of working days according to a 5-day work schedule. All working hours in excess of normal hours of work shall be considered overtime. Involvement in overtime work is possible in exceptional cases with the consent of the employee himself. Without such consent, an employee can be involved in such work only in the presence of special circumstances (catastrophes, accidents, etc.). At the same time, the duration of overtime work should not exceed 120 hours per year and 4 hours within two working days following each other. Payment for overtime hours worked is carried out at 1.5 times the amount (first 2 hours), and 2 times the amount (following hours). According to the desire of the employee, on the basis of Art. 152 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, overtime work can be compensated by providing additional rest.

Question

Can a company operate a work schedule in the “day in two” mode (as indicated in the employment contract), if each of the employees has 11-12 shifts of 24 hours per month? After the employees contacted the company's management, they received a response that the Labor Code has a special article on processing and that everything is organized legally in the company.

Lawyer's response:

Since February 1, 2002, labor relations have been regulated by new code(Labor Code of the Russian Federation), which replaced the Labor Code. In accordance with Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, shift work is subject to introduction in cases where it is required to ensure the effective use of equipment, or when the duration technological process above the allowed duration of daily work. At the same time, each group of employees is obliged to carry out labor activity in accordance with the approved shift schedule. Such a schedule should be brought to the attention of employees no later than 1 month before implementation. Engagement to work for two shifts in a row is not allowed. In accordance with Art. 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, if the established duration of working hours cannot be observed during the implementation of specific work, it is possible to introduce its summarized accounting, which excludes the excess of working hours for the accounting period over the normal number of working hours. You should be aware that the duration of the accounting period should not exceed 1 year. Therefore, shift work should not result in overtime. If overtime work occurs within the framework of a shift schedule, then the company's management incorrectly uses the shift mode, using overtime work. In accordance with Art. 152 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, overtime work is payable in an increased amount (for the first 2 hours - in one and a half, for the next - in double). At the same time, according to Art. 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the duration of overtime work should not exceed 4 hours for each employee for 2 consecutive days and 120 hours per year.

Question

The company operates from 7 am to 11 pm. At the same time, the working day consists of 3 parts: a group of employees works from 7 to 15, the second - from 13 to 21, the third - from 15 to 23. Is this legal?

Lawyer's response:

This operating mode is shift work. It can be introduced in accordance with Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in situations where the work cycle does not fit into the allowable duration of daily work. The activity of the personnel is carried out on the basis of the shift schedule, which, as a rule, is an addition to the collective agreement. Based on Art. 372 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, when forming it, the position of the representative body of employees is taken into account. The staff gets acquainted with the shift schedule under the signature no later than 1 month before its implementation.

Question

The chief doctor of the village polyclinic, which is a branch of the Central District Hospital, would like to get a job in the central district hospital as an otolaryngologist. Is this combination legal?

Lawyer's response:

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not prohibit such a combination. In accordance with Art. 60-1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee is allowed to draw up employment contracts for part-time work with an unlimited number of employers. Art. 60-2 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation regulates the possibility of increasing the volume of work, expanding service areas, combining positions. In particular, on the basis of a written application of an employee, he may be assigned to carry out additional work during the normal working hours, in addition to the work established by the employment contract. Similar extra work performed by an employee for an additional fee.

Hours of work (DWP) is an indirect estimate of labor costs. It can be considered in economic and legal aspects. In the first case, this is the time that a person spends on the labor process. In the second - the period established by law in which the employee must perform his immediate duties.

Do not confuse working hours with actual hours worked. In the first case, this is a regulated interval (for example, from 9:00 to 18:00), in the second, it is interrupted in an arbitrary order.

So, an employee can take breaks during the day for tea drinking, a smoke break, communication with colleagues. In fact, he works less than the set 8 hours. Therefore, the units of measure for working time do not match. The actual man-hour is usually less than the astronomical hour (60 minutes).

Maximum and minimum PDF

Working hours for Labor Code 2020 is limited only by the upper limit. It cannot exceed 40 hours per week. This is clearly spelled out in article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation .

• for teenagers under 16 - up to 24 hours;
• for students of schools and colleges - similarly;
• for boys aged 16-18 - up to 35 hours;
• for disabled people of groups I and II - the same amount;
• for those who work in harmful conditions 3 or 4 degrees, as well as dangerous - 36 hours.

According to the mentioned article 91, the relevant federal executive body establishes the procedure for determining the norm of working time for a month, quarter or year.

Separate legal acts may establish other indicators for certain categories of citizens or representatives of certain professions.

There are no legal requirements for minimum hours worked.

What is the length of the working day

The employment contract usually specifies how long a particular employee should work. According to article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it can be issued for part-time work (a week or a day).

The employer is obliged to provide such conditions if the employee is:

• a pregnant woman;
• parent or guardian of a child under 14;
• parent or guardian of a disabled minor;
• a relative of a patient in need of medical care.

Such measures are introduced in order to protect public health. Therefore, the schedule will not affect the labor rights of a citizen, in particular, the length of vacation and length of service.

The average working day, the formula of which takes into account the actual man-hours worked, is an indicator economic efficiency. It is calculated as the ratio of the total number of man-hours worked to the number of days in the period under review.

The leader uses it to:

• planning of the labor time fund;
• estimates of production and labor intensity of production;
• analysis of personnel policy.

Employees do not encounter this indicator in practice.

Working hours of teaching staff

According to article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, teachers and lecturers work no more than 36 hours a week. However, usually representatives of this profession operate not with astronomical clocks, but with academic ones.

PRV is determined individually depending on a number of factors:

• job title;
• rate of hours per bet;
• the upper limit of the teaching load (2 rates).

So, for example, an associate professor works less than a senior teacher, but more than a professor. According to the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 1601, in schools the rate for the rate is 18 hours per week, in universities - 720 per year.