Chinese destroyers. How is life on the new Chinese destroyer

Last week, US Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter announced work on the creation of a promising supersonic anti-ship missile based on Raytheon's RIM-174 SM-6 ERAM long-range missiles. In fact, an advanced project forgotten 44 years ago is getting a new impetus, but instead of the RIM-66A / RIM-67A, a more advanced and long-range anti-aircraft missile is taken as the basis, which helped the imperfect 4-channel Aegis to maintain stability in the face of modern threats. RIM-174 ERAM (Extended Range Active Missile) received a highly effective ARGSN from the AIM-120C air-to-air missile, but the area of ​​​​its antenna array was increased by 3.75 times, which increased the target capture range during over-the-horizon firing. ARGSN "SM-6" also unloads "Aegis" when repelling a massive attack of the enemy's WTO, as it does not need to be illuminated by SPG-62 radars. Unlike the RGM-66F, the new supersonic anti-ship missile based on the SM-6 can receive the first solid propellant booster stage with the Mk.72 turbojet engine (from the RIM-161 exoatmospheric interceptor), and therefore its range can be more than 370 km. Huge range with this accelerator will be achieved only thanks to the high-altitude ballistic flight profile. Other configurations are also possible using the Teledyne CAE J402-CA-100 compact turbojet engine with a thrust of 0.294 tons as the first stage. In this case, a low-altitude flight profile is possible with a final acceleration of up to 3-3.5 M above the wave crest, a similar profile is implemented in the Russian anti-ship missile 3M54E "Caliber-NKE". The capabilities of such anti-ship missiles will correspond to those of the Caliber. But we will focus on the version with the Mk.72 solid booster stage. The anti-ship version of the RIM-174 ERAM will be able, after launch, to rise to a height of up to 35-40 km, accelerating to 4000 km / h. Then, according to the inertial guidance system and external target designation, the sustainer stage will enter a dive with the accelerator already separated, and after detecting and “capturing” the surface target of the GOS missile, the sustainer stage engine will be turned on to maintain high supersonic speed in tropospheric flight. Also, the supersonic anti-ship missiles based on the Standard-6 boast high maneuverability inherited from the anti-aircraft version, thanks to which the missile will be able to reach the limit (close to 90 degrees) elevation directions relative to the surface target even in the stratosphere, and then, using aerodynamic rudders or gas-dynamic DPU, sharply turn around and vertically "fall" on the target at speeds up to 3.5M. Even today, many multifunctional and surveillance radars have difficulty working on air targets with extreme elevation approaching coordinates, which the British-American contingent of specialists from Matra BAe Dynamics and Texas Instruments skillfully took advantage of when creating one of the most advanced in history PRLR - ALARM.

We continue the theme of modern Chinese destroyers URO.

A separate line in the Chinese fleet are Russian-built destroyers pr. 956 E ("Yangzhou" 136 and "Fu Zhou" 137; commissioned in 2000 and 2001) and pr. 956 EM ("Taizhou" 138 and "Ningbo" 139; entered service in 2005 and 2006).

The first two EMs do not differ much from the EMs of the "Modern" type of the Russian fleet, on two ships of Project 956 EM the aft 130-mm guns were dismantled. But due to this, the anti-aircraft potential was significantly increased by replacing four AK-630M assault rifles with the same number of Kashtan combat modules.

Destroyers pr. 956E (fig. above) and 956EM - general and particular: 1-2x1 130-mm AK-130 guns: 2 - 1x1 - Shtil anti-aircraft missile launcher (24 missiles); 3 - 2x4 anti-ship missiles "3M-80E"; 4 - AP radar "Mineral-E"; 5 - AP radar "Fregat - ME"; 6 - 30-mm gun "AK-630"; 7 - MZRAK "Kashtan"

At the moment, the "956s" form a "Russian line" of destroyers of the Chinese fleet, a homogeneous strike formation of which, having powerful strike (32 anti-ship missiles) and anti-aircraft (192 missiles) potentials, is capable of operating in the ocean zone.

Below is a quote from an article from the Atrina website:

Project 956-E destroyers built for the PRC at Severnaya Verf have proven themselves well in the Chinese Navy, so the Chinese leadership decided to continue the series. But it was decided to build the next two ships according to the modified project 956-EM, which was developed in the Northern Design Bureau under the leadership of the chief designer V.P. Mishina. Work on project 956-EM (export, modernized) began in 2001. It was immediately assumed that the ship would be significantly different from its predecessors. It was planned to modernize weapons systems, navigation, radar equipment, and control equipment for the main power plant. Work on the project was largely stimulated by the successful implementation of the contract from 1997 for the supply of two project 956-E destroyers to the Chinese Navy.
After negotiations, in early 2002, Rosoboronexport signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China. The total amount of the foreign economic contract was, according to various estimates, from 1 to 1.4 billion dollars. It was expected that the ships would be handed over to the customer in mid-2006.

"Eternal" at the outfitting wall of the Northern Shipyard in St. Petersburg May 2006

The then Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation I.I. Klebanov, immediately after signing the contract, officially announced that the production of the destroyer was a serious matter, and a tender would be announced for it. But, as it turned out, the Shipbuilding Agency is not ready to announce a tender for such a large project. Finally, a competition for placing an order from the PRC was announced, and the projects of the Baltic Shipyard, the Severnaya Verf Shipbuilding Plant and the Yantar Kaliningrad enterprise were presented very quickly. Already on January 19, 2002, at a meeting, the government commission made a choice in favor of the Baltic Shipyard. This was due to the fact that the plant offered the most favorable conditions. The cost of building destroyers was lower than that of other bidders. But it didn't end there. In March, the results of the tender were revised, and by decision of the government, the order for the construction of ships pr.956-EM was transferred to Severnaya Verf, and only the supply of elements and assemblies was assigned to the Baltic Shipyard. The Baltic Shipyard is indeed a manufacturer of pipelines, propeller shafts and propellers for destroyers pr.956-EM and supplied these units for the previous Chinese contract (pr.956-E), which was executed by Severnaya Verf. Under the Chinese contract, the Baltic Shipyard manufactured almost the entire power system for these ships, including auxiliary installations, as well as outboard fittings. In August 2003, the Baltiysky Zavod shipbuilding company supplied Severnaya Verf with boilers for two new destroyers pr.956-EM.

Before handover to China on September 28, 2006

Reportedly, Project 956-EM destroyers differ from the ships of the first delivery in terms of range of strike missile weapons and more advanced air defense. The new modernized Moskit-ME SCRC installed on ships has a firing range of up to 200 km (the basic modification had a range of 120 km). Air defense was strengthened by installing two combat modules of the Kashtan anti-aircraft missile and artillery system (export version of the Kortik air defense system) instead of four AK-630M 30-mm gun mounts. Each of the combat modules has two six-barreled 30-mm machine guns, two launchers with four missiles each, and guidance and control stations. To detect air targets and target designation ZRAK on the roof of the aft superstructure there is a 3R86E1 radar (export version of the Pozitiv station) in a radio-transparent radome.
As you know, the big drawback of the ships pr.956 and pr.956-E was the lack of a permanently based helicopter - there was only a telescopic sliding hangar. On the new ships, this drawback was eliminated by abandoning the aft 130-mm AK-130 gun mount (only one remained - on the bow), in place of which the Shtil air defense system was "shifted", and in the aft superstructure under the main mast was a full-fledged helicopter hangar has been placed for the permanent deployment of the helicopter and the placement of its ammunition. The overall length of the ship and the displacement increased slightly. At the same time, the anti-submarine armament of the EM has not changed.
Destroyers pr.956-EM were laid down in June and November 2002 at the Severnaya Verf Shipbuilding Plant in St. Petersburg. In December 2005, the lead destroyer with tail number 693 was accepted by the commission and transferred to the Chinese Navy, where it was named Taizhou (number 138). The second ship was solemnly launched on July 23, 2004 and towed to the outfitting embankment, where its completion afloat began almost immediately.

Some nuances of Chinese EM weapons:

The strike capabilities of Chinese ships are quite good: supersonic missiles "Moskit" with a flight speed of approx. 3 M and the ability to maneuver with overloads of more than 10 g are a very difficult goal even for ships equipped with the Aegis system with SM-3 missiles (after all, this complex is sharpened to a greater extent to intercept BR); the possibility of interception using the Sea Sparrow complex is very, very doubtful.

In addition, there is an advanced version of the YJ-82 (C-802) anti-ship missiles - YJ-83, which has a supersonic stage (speed 1.5 M at the final stage).

In addition, there are anti-ship missiles YJ-62. The rocket was developed by the Chinese corporation China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (Third Aerospace Academy). Entered service with the Chinese Navy in 2004. According to experts, in the development of the YJ-62, technologies and components of the Tomahawk missile obtained from Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as Soviet Kh-55 missiles acquired through Ukraine, were used.

Firing range, km 40 - 400 (280 for C-602, export version);

Flight speed, M 0.6-0.9
Flight altitude above the sea, m 7-10
Flight altitude above ground, m 30
Dimensions, m:
- length (without starting accelerator) 6.1;
- length (with accelerator) 7.0;
- diameter 0.54
- wingspan 2.9

Starting weight, kg 1350
Mass of the starting accelerator, kg 210
Warhead mass, kg 300

Air defense is represented by long-range air defense systems (RIF-M; HQ-9), medium-range Shtil-1 complexes and Chinese analogues of short-range Naval Krotal air defense systems HQ-7. The most modern self-defense air defense systems are the Kashtan ZRAK and ZAK AK-630 and type 730 (information about it was in the post about Chinese AB).

True, there is the following question: why should the Chinese, having commissioned ships of Project 52 C with long-range air defense systems and radars with PAR (and, probably, with the corresponding ASBU), adopt ships equipped with the RIF-M complex imported from Russia?

Summarizing, we can say that Chinese destroyers are currently small-scale ships that are models for testing technical solutions and tactics for future use when creating a "large fleet" (so to speak, a "fleet of samples"). Nevertheless, even now, if Chinese aircraft carriers are put into operation, they are quite capable of providing the AUG in terms of strike capabilities, as well as air defense and anti-aircraft defense.

Possible directions for the development of this class of ships in China can currently be directed to the modernization of the old destroyers pr. 052 (according to NATO classification Luhu-class) in the fleet.

1 - 1x1 100-mm AU "Creusot-Loire T100C" (or its Chinese "analogue"); 2 - 2x16 VPU air defense systems (it is possible to use the HQ-16 air defense system); 3 - MZAK "type 730"; 4 - AP radar "Mineral - E"; 5 - AP radar "Fregat-ME"; 6 - early warning radar "type 517"; 7 - 2x4 anti-ship missile launchers "YJ-62" (you can also use anti-ship missiles JY-83, 2 or 4x4 launchers), 8 - 2x18 launchers LC. (this modernization is speculatively considered in the book by Yu.V. Vedernikov "Modern destroyers of the Chinese fleet: evolution and combat potential").

The option is quite good, especially since the strike potential of these EMs does not correspond to most ships of the same class in regional fleets (Japanese or South Korean navies), and the air defense capabilities are very, very modest. And this despite the fact that the ships are not yet old (commissioned in the mid-90s).

A more realistic option seems to be the construction of an improved version of the EM pr. 052V with the replacement of the Shtil-1 air defense system with beam launchers for the HQ-16 air defense system with a TLU. This air defense system is routinely installed on Chinese frigates URO pr. 054A, so the construction of such ships is quite realistic (this version of the EM is also speculatively considered in Vedernikov's book).

And finally, the network has images of an advanced version of the Chinese "Aegis" - EM URO type 052D (in Vedernikov's book it is considered as a missile cruiser, though the image is a little different there).

Judging by this image, we are talking about an enlarged version of the EM pr. 051C, with a power plant of increased power (perhaps, instead of two gas turbine engines, it is supposed to install 4, at least otherwise I cannot explain the presence of 2 chimneys instead of one), using the VPU "cellular" type (and not "drum" VPU, as in the S-300F air defense system), and the launchers are not universal (given the presence of separate YJ-62 anti-ship missile launchers). The short-range air defense capabilities are supplemented by the FL-3000 N air defense system (Chinese analogue of the American-German RAM-116; TY-90 is used as a missile defense system, performance characteristics can be found in the post about Iran's hypothetical air defense).

In general, if this project is implemented, then the future Chinese AUGs will have a completely modern escort ship, a kind of air defense flagship.

And finally, the line of Chinese EM URO, starting from the modernized "sevens":

http://flot.com/publications/books/shelf/vedernikov/chinadestroyers/1.htm - "Chinese destroyers: general and particular aspects of evolution" - Y. Vedernikov.

http://www.militaryparitet.com/nomen/china/navy/data/ic_nomenchinanavy/23/ - performance characteristics of ships

Resources http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/ "Information system of rocket technology" and http://www.pvo.su "Bulletin of air defense" - information about anti-ship missiles and air defense systems.

http://www.sinodefenceforum.com/navy/ddg-052c-thread-2358.html - an English-language resource (information and photos of EM project 052 C and project 052 B).

December 12, 2015. She became the third in a series of twelve planned ships and is currently the most modern destroyer in the Chinese navy.

The destroyer's hull is shaped and coated to provide it with minimal radar visibility. The ship is armed with a 130 mm artillery mount, a 30 mm anti-aircraft mount, missiles capable of hitting air, surface and ground targets, as well as mines and torpedoes.

Hefei is powered by a combined diesel-gas turbine unit consisting of two QC-280 gas turbine engines and two Shaanxi diesel engines. Another innovation used on the 052D-class destroyers is the Type 517M ​​active phased array radar. Class 052D destroyers have a displacement of 7500 tons, 156 m in length, 18 m in width and a draft of 6.5 m. On the deck of each of these ships there is a platform and a hangar for a Z-9C helicopter. The destroyer has a maximum speed of 30 knots (55.5 km/h) and a crew of 280. The Chinese 052D-series destroyers are comparable in size and types of armament to the American Arleigh Burke-class ships.

The 130 mm H/PJ-38 artillery gun is considered the most advanced Chinese naval gun mount, despite the fact that it was created on the basis of the Soviet AK-130 automatic gun.
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On the superstructure of the latest Chinese destroyer, its “pride” rises - an active radar with a phased antenna array
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In the bow of the ship is an artillery mount and vertical missile launchers.
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Command post of the destroyer Hefei
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Anti-aircraft artillery installation Type 730
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Type 730 in action
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Torpedo launchers for the destroyer Hefei
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One of four 18-shot missile launchers
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If necessary, the ship's crew is ready to take up small arms.
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Since the ship is designed for long voyages, it has a laundry room.
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Drying military uniforms after washing
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The ship also has a gym.
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Vending machine filled with snacks and drinks
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Lounge combined with library
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Armament

Ships of the same type

building

The ship was laid down on September 25, 1936 at the plant named after A. Marti (No. 198) in Nikolaev under construction number C-327 and under the name "Quick". Subsequently, section by section, it was transported to the Far East and on August 15, 1938, it was relaid at Dalzavod (No. 202) in Vladivostok. Launched on April 6, 1940, renamed "Record" on September 25, 1940.

Transfer of the PLA Navy

On April 22, 1952, the commander of the PLA, General of the Army Xiao Jinguang, headed a delegation, arrived in Moscow to negotiate the purchase of warships (destroyers), coastal artillery, aircraft, mine-torpedo weapons and various simulators for training personnel for the Chinese fleet. According to Chinese sources, the Soviet Union initially refused to sell destroyers and a number of other types of military equipment, and for other equipment requested a much larger amount than was accepted on the international arms market. To advance negotiations, according to Chinese sources, Mao Zedong personally spoke twice with Stalin on the phone, explaining the importance of "Soviet-Chinese strategic cooperation" and urging him to sell the destroyers.

In September of the same year, and also in early 1953, the Deputy Commander of the PLA Navy, Lo Shunchu, twice flew at the head of a delegation to the Soviet Union to work out an agreement on the sale of destroyers for the Chinese fleet. The negotiations were very difficult. On March 12, 1953, Luo Shunchu telegraphed Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai that "the Soviet Union is not only selling us 'garbage' but also asking an unreasonably high price for it." On March 16, in a reply telegram, Xiao Jinguang also called the ships proposed by the Soviet Union "scrap metal." The cost of the ships has never appeared in Russian-language literature, Chinese sources call the figure "17 tons of gold for each destroyer."

As a result, China and the Soviet Union signed the first agreement on cooperation in the naval field on June 4, 1953. According to this document, often referred to in Chinese sources simply as the "Agreement of June 4", the Soviet Union assumed obligations to transfer naval equipment and technologies for the construction of warships and auxiliary fleet vessels in China, as well as to provide technical assistance in the form of send specialists. Part of this agreement was also the acquisition of four Project 7 destroyers, four submarines, as well as other ships and boats of smaller displacement. Together with the documentation for the construction of shipyards and ships in China, the Soviet Union also provided the materials and equipment necessary for the construction of the first serial samples, in addition, sent 150 shipbuilding specialists to China and hosted 100 Chinese engineers and technicians for training.

According to information from Russian-speaking sources, he was expelled from the USSR Navy and transferred to the PRC on July 6, 1955.

According to Chinese sources, a detachment of ships of the Pacific Fleet of the USSR Navy, consisting of two destroyers, two minesweepers and two submarines, left Vladivostok for Qingdao at 9-00 on October 13, 1954. The next day, October 14, Chinese crews were put on the ships for training and demonstration of materiel in operation. During the transition, the Chinese crews on the destroyers worked out actions to work with observation, communication, fire control devices, studied torpedo and mine weapons. They were also given the opportunity to conduct training artillery firing, which was not originally included in the training program at the crossing. The transfer of experience was carried out according to the scheme sailor trains sailor, officer - officer. The first two Project 7 destroyers arrived in Qingdao on October 25, 1954 and moored at berth No. 3. The next day, on October 26, an act was signed on the transfer of ships to the PLA Navy and the Chief of Staff of the Navy read out orders for naming Anshan And Fushun destroyers, as well as the formation of the first division of destroyers of the PLA Navy. In the Chinese navy, the ships originally received tail numbers "101" and "102" respectively.

According to the Russian-language issue of China, the official state magazine, the name for the first destroyer in the Chinese fleet was born in disputes. It was proposed to call it Beijing(Beijing) in honor of the Chinese capital or leave the Soviet name. The Commander of the PLA Navy, General of the Army Xiao Jinguang, put an end to the disputes, who expressed the opinion that if China wants to see large ships of domestic design and construction in the fleet, shipbuilding must necessarily rely on a powerful industrial base, and the city of Anshan is an important metallurgical the center of heavy industry in China, therefore, in order for the destroyer to be durable, like a "city of steel", it must be called Anshan.

Repairs and upgrades

From January 1968 to May 1969, at the shipyard in Dalian, the ship underwent repairs and modernization with the replacement of both torpedo tubes with anti-ship cruise missile launchers, thus becoming the first missile ship of the PLA Navy.

Service History

In November 1955, the destroyers Anshan And Fushun took part in joint exercises with the ground forces to repel an amphibious assault on the Liaodong Peninsula.

In September 1959, the destroyers Anshan And Fushun during exercises in Zhejiang province, they worked out, together with the ground forces, an amphibious landing. The shelling of the old Japanese coastal fortifications from 130-mm destroyer artillery, which lasted only 6 minutes, made a great impression on the commander Xu Shiyu of the Nanjing military region. Concrete slabs up to two meters thick were completely destroyed under the high-explosive impact of naval artillery shells.

Since April 12, 1962 EM Anshan together with destroyers Changchun And Taiyuan, as well as a number of other ships of the PLA Navy, countered the provocative intelligence activities of the US Navy destroyer DD-727 De Haven(type Allen M. Sumner), performing the tasks of the so-called. "DESOTO patrol" (DEHAVEN Special Operations off TsingtaO - being on the border of China's territorial waters in the Qingdao region, frequent entry 2-3 miles deep, checking the reaction of Chinese ships and conducting electronic intelligence). During this confrontation, Chinese ships entered international waters and approached Sasebo (Japan). This was the first time that surface ships of the PLA Navy were used outside the 12-mile zone of Chinese territorial waters.

In April 1992, the ship was withdrawn from the PLA Navy and placed in Qingdao as a museum.

May 19, 1980 with EM Anshan, who was accompanied by four ships of the PLA Navy, during a funeral ceremony over the water area in the Qingdao region, the ashes of a statesman of the PRC, one of the leaders of the Communist Party of China and the chairman of the PRC in 1959-1968, and subsequently the main enemy of the republic, who was repressed during the Cultural revolution, Liu Shaoqing.

For 38 years of service in the PLA Navy, the destroyer Anshan passed more than 100,000 miles, the ship was visited at different times by 9 high-ranking foreign delegations, as well as Chinese leaders Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping.

In the Chinese cities of Qingdao and Rushan, old Soviet Project 7s have been preserved - known to naval historians as the legendary Soviet "sevens", which are now used as museum ships.

destroyers of this type immortalized themselves through participation in the Great Patriotic War. In 1955, four such ships from the USSR Pacific Fleet were transferred to friendly China. One was later scrapped, and the last - the fourth - the ship was transferred to the city of Dalian as a training ship for the Naval Institute.

On January 14, 1955, the Chinese Naval Forces received the first two Soviet destroyers of Project 7. They were renamed in honor of the Manchurian cities. Destroyers « Zealous" And " Decisive"Received new names:" Jilin" And " Changchun". The next two ships - " Record" and "Sharp" were transferred to China on July 6, 1955 and renamed " Anshan" And " Fushun" respectively. All destroyers of this type were carefully preserved by Chinese sailors and survived safely until the end of the 80s. But soon destroyer « Fushun”was scrapped and was dismantled at a shipyard in Zeng Su province.

All the "Far Eastern" destroyers of Project 7 in August 1945 were part of the 1st Destroyer Battalion of the Light Forces Detachment and took part in the hostilities against Japan in the Pacific Ocean. In the early 50s, they underwent a major overhaul and modernization with the installation of new radar stations and a three-legged foremast. The destroyers underwent another modernization in China in the period from 1971 to 1974. During the re-equipment, torpedo tubes were dismantled on the ships, and in their place were placed two twin launchers for Haiin-22 anti-ship missiles, which are analogous to Soviet P-15 anti-ship missiles. The obsolete anti-aircraft guns were replaced by four twin 37 mm B-11 artillery mounts.

Of the three Project 7 destroyers that remained, the best preserved destroyer « Zealous", which was withdrawn from the fleet in 1986 and from September 19, 1991 under the name" taiyuan” (tail number 104) is installed in the city of Dalian as a museum ship on the territory of the local naval institute.

Destroyer « Record”after being excluded from the fleet in 1986, it was relocated to Qingdao and since April 24, 1992 has been an exposition of the local naval museum.

Destroyer « Decisive”was bought by the city of Rushan, Shandong province in August 1990 to use it as a ship, but, unfortunately, no work has been carried out on the Changchun ship so far, so the legendary destroyer is gradually aging, turning into a pile of iron.

photos of project 7 destroyers

project 7 destroyers on the march

destroyer "Anshan" in combat campaign

destroyer "Taiyuan" as a museum ship

130 mm gun destroyer "Taiyuan"