Technological process for the production of soil for seedlings. How to open your own business in the production and sale of black soil

This set of equipment is designed for processing and packaging shops of bulk substances, such as sapropel, peat-sapropel and organic-mineral mixtures, soils, building and molding sand, garden soil, soils and recultivants, soil formers, stale manure and droppings, caked clay, grain fodder, etc.

The production line of the shop for the production of bulk products is shown in the figure below.

General view of the sapropel processing and packaging shop

The basic set of equipment includes:

1. Grids for screening out large-sized inclusions

2. Hopper

3. Inclined belt conveyor with magnetic metal catcher

4. Disc grinder ID-300

5. Inclined belt conveyor

6. Drum sifter

7. Screw conveyor

8. Packing complex for bulk products

9. Pallet with finished products

The technological process is carried out as follows: raw material - sapropel with a moisture content of not more than 40% from the base warehouse is loaded by a TO-28 loader and delivered to the processing and packaging workshop.

It is desirable to equip the front loader with a bucket screening crusher of the ZTM type. The mass of sapropel coarsely ground by a bucket crusher is loaded through the grate 1 into the hopper 2. Some of the large inclusions in the mixture are screened out, the second part is fed into the ID-300 grinder by an inclined belt conveyor 3. After grinding to a fraction of max 2-3 mm, the raw material is fed into a drum sifter 6, sifted into two fractions and fed by a screw conveyor 7 to the bunker of the packing unit 8. The material is packed in bags, bags, buckets or other containers, placed on a pallet 9 and delivered to the warehouse.

The productivity of the line with packaging of bulk product in bags of 10-25 l is 10 m 3 / h

Energy consumption, kW - no more than 26

Maintenance personnel on the equipment - 3 people.

Line for processing and packaging fertilizers from sapropel with a moisture content of not more than 40%

Specification of the main equipment of the workshop for the preparation and processing of sapropel into marketable products

1. Site preparation

Processing and packaging area

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION OF THE PRODUCTION AND PACKAGING BUSINESS

Work contract

Introduction

Chapter 1. Sapropel (bottom silt) as a highly effective organo-mineral fertilizer

1.1. Granular and loose sapropel (bottom silt)

Chapter 2. DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS

2.1. Market of fertilizers from sapropel (bottom silts)

Chapter 3

Chapter 4. Area of ​​work

5.1. RF standards for the production of fertilizers from bottom silt (sapropel)

5.2. Warehouse of raw materials - sapropel with a moisture content of not more than 40%

Chapter 6

SUITABILITY CONCLUSION

PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY REVIEW

DESIGN OF A FULL CYCLE OF SAPROPEL PROCESSING INTO A COMMERCIAL PRODUCT

8.1. Specification of the main equipment of the workshop for the preparation and processing of sapropel into marketable products

Applications

List of Graphics Applications

Bibliography

Special literature on the extraction of sapropel

Graphic Applications

1. Interactive map with sampling points in the sapropel warehouse. In the SasPlanet program

2. Sheet 1. SCHEME OF THE LOCATION OF THE RAW STORAGE WAREHOUSE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERTILIZERS. In Kompas V.13

3. Line for the production of products from stale sapropel. In Sketch Up

4. Video file of the basic set of equipment for the sapropel processing plant into fertilizers and fertilizer mixtures with packing in valve bags. In Sketch Up

7. Summary table of data on sampling sapropel in the warehouse.doc

8. Instructions for using the programs.doc

9. Sheet 2. Layout of equipment in the production line. In Kompas V.13

10. GOST R 54000-2010. pdf

11. Crushing and screening of soil, sapropel.pdf

12. Screening bucket Robi MM.pdf

13. Allu - equipment for screening and grinding sapropel.pdf

Terms of preparation of the Design justification of production - 1.0 months. Cost - 96 thousand rubles.

Terms of manufacture and delivery of equipment - no more than 2 months.

The cost of a set of equipment for the processing and packaging shop (as of July 25, 2015) without a bucket screening crusher is from 2,460,000 rubles. up to 2860000 rub. depending on the required productivity and the initial properties of the raw material.

The basis of any landscape or gardening business is, of course, the soil, it is the head of everything here, as they say. And we are talking about fertile soil. The soil is a loose natural material. The soil by its nature is incredibly diverse, there is: dispersed soil, rocky, semi-rocky and many others. In landscaping or gardening, any soil can be used, and yet fertile soil is the most popular. That is why the production of soil of such a plan is an unusually profitable business.

So, fertile soil is a special type of soil, for the production of which, as a rule, peat, black soil, and all sorts of other useful additives and fertilizers are used. What makes such a produced soil good is its natural beneficial properties, it has all the microelements and nutrients necessary for the growth of crops. The fact is that such a fertile soil has a positive effect on the development of the root system of plants with its air-water properties.

Of course, everyone can and will be able to prepare the soil on their own, but it is much easier and more reliable to purchase natural soil that is ready for use. Soil production is an ageless business, it is a noble, and, moreover, profitable business.

The fact is that fertile soil is the best option for landscaping a particular area, for growing chic and ordinary gardens.

Also distinguish between vegetable soil, which is the top layer of soil, it is usually used as a fertilizer. The thing is that each individual plant variety requires its own soil, so you should not limit the production of soil to just one of its types.

Outwardly, the vegetable soil resembles black soil, it consists, for the most part, of peat, at least of sand. Thanks to this, the plant soil is unusually organic and can guarantee a high level of fertility. Peat in combination with a fertile soil layer contains a sufficient amount of natural humus and nutrients to activate plant processes in the soil.

The vegetable soil can be used for any kind of land improvement, it can also be used to enrich poor soils. It is important to know that the use of vegetable soil greatly improves the level of soil quality. In landscape design, such soil is also used to level lawns or to replace soil during repair work.

You can professionally produce vegetative and fertile soil for landscaping, planning, soil nutrition, lawn fertilization and much more.

The main thing in this business is excellent quality, otherwise the client will immediately see problems in work: after all, after 32-3 weeks, the soil shows what it is suitable for. Thanks to the production of soil, your customers will have flower beds filled with beautiful flowers, fertile gardens.

An important activity for a company engaged in the production of soil is the production of a universal soil for seedlings. It is necessary to ensure that the soil you produce, with minimal use of fertilizers, can independently grow flowers, vegetables and seedlings.

Specialists should be engaged in the manufacture of soil, plus special equipment is needed, better than a European manufacturer. Raw materials should be purchased exclusively from trusted suppliers, as the quality of the soil and satisfied customers are the main conditions for profit and success. During production, it is necessary to ensure that the soil in no case contains insect larvae or eggs, worms, pathogenic microbes, oil products and radionuclides.

The process itself looks like this - video:

The finished soil should be delivered to the customer in large environmentally friendly bags, and for business it is better to have several variations of packaging. For delivery, as a rule, it is enough just to call the company and order the necessary soil and its quantity.

A little later, when the initial stage of the business is successfully completed, it will be possible to expand the production of soil: to produce it for construction and road organizations.

In no case should chemicals be added to the soil, the soil sold must be a natural product made from the natural soil environment, ordinary sand and low-lying peat. In the manufacture of different types of soil, it is necessary to adhere to all sanitary and epidemiological standards, the place of production must be an environmentally friendly environment - the quality of the soil depends on this.

Modern equipment and appropriate technologies of life, milling are natural components of soil production, these processes are necessary for the proper preparation and storage of soil.

To order clean and high-quality soil, it is often enough just to call and order. It would be nice if your organization had an experienced consultant who could advise clients on this or that soil, could tell about the composition, application and properties in an accessible way.

It will be better for business if the supply of ready-made soil is carried out regardless of the time of day; over time, it will be necessary to develop a round-the-clock dispatching portal for customers.

-> Production, construction, agriculture

It is quite possible that after reading the topic of this business idea, you will smile and be perplexed - who needs it? Especially in our big country, where the land is all sorts of different bulk. But take your time, delve into the idea and you yourself will understand that this is a fairly profitable niche, and even selling land can create a successful business.

Who is this business for? Who is its consumer? First of all, these are gardeners and gardeners living in cities and having their own 6 acres of land in their summer cottage. In addition, another category of consumers is the owners of individual housing, cottages within the city. In general, oddly enough, it is the city dwellers. In rural areas, land, even enriched, is unlikely to be in great demand. The villagers have their own mentality, and they know the ways and opportunities to improve the soil themselves and have more of us.

So, the soil in the garden and garden plots is depleted over time and the yields obtained, respectively, are significantly reduced. Fertilizers alone will not solve this problem. The land on the site requires updating, not total, of course, it is enough just to add a certain amount of black soil. Another reason is that the newly allocated land for dachas, gardening and horticulture, as a rule, is located on abandoned inconveniences with poor soil and there is simply no reason to count on record harvests there.

If you visit flower shops, you probably noticed that in addition to flower pots and bulbs, these shops also sell soil, enriched black soil, packed in bags. It is used as a top dressing for houseplants. In big cities, such a product is in constant demand for the simple reason that high-quality land is simply not to be found there.

In a word, if you live in the black earth zone of Russia or in another region where there is a lot of good rich land, consider that you have your own "black gold" in the form of this very black earth.

From a clean, oily and fruit-rich land, you will prepare a quality top dressing for barren soils. In addition to black soil, you will need good manure. You can buy it from and on your own, in villages or from farmers. To obtain enriched soil - top dressing, earth and manure are mixed in a ratio of 50 to 50, and then the resulting substrate is packaged in bags. Typically, a similar product for retail is packaged in 5 kilograms, but larger packaging for wholesale is also possible, for example.

It is worth noting that this type of business has a clear seasonality. The maximum demand for enriched soil will, of course, be in spring and autumn, when there is a mass preparation of beds for sowing. In summer and winter, demand drops very much. But even in winter, you are guaranteed to have buyers - lovers of indoor plants.

But in the season, starting in April, your product will be wildly popular. Profit from the sale of high-quality enriched land can reach up to 300%.

Print flyers to hand out in crowded places. Be sure to put up ads in the city and advertise in popular local newspapers and magazines. Offer and make discounts to wholesale or regular customers, in general, attract as many customers as possible to yourself. You can arrange delivery of your products to the buyer. There are many ways to attract a client.

If your product is of really high quality, the price is acceptable, and the service offered is attractive, people will certainly see the positive results of cooperation with you and will definitely contact you again and again. This business, like most other small businesses, is largely built on regular customers.

Each person seeks to increase their income using various ways of earning. Unfortunately, hired human labor today is not valued highly enough to live without counting every penny. Therefore, many people try to start their own business, trying their hand at various business areas.

Sowing fields as a business.

You can work for yourself and get a rather big income not only in the city, but also in the countryside. If you have a certain area of ​​land, then with proper technical processing and a full crop rotation, you can earn good money by realizing the harvest.

To start your land business, you need to set a goal to which you will strive. The main task of any business is to obtain maximum income at minimum cost. Therefore, you should try to use as many fixed assets and labor as necessary for a quality result. Remember that "the miser pays twice", and excessive spending may not justify itself.

When cultivating the land, it is necessary to take into account such factors that affect the final result:

1. Selecting the culture with which you will work.

2. Provision of machinery and machine and tractor equipment.

3. Hiring labor.

4. Soil fertility control.

5. Availability of a place to store the crop.

You should figure out what kind of culture you will sow your possessions. To make the right choice, analyze the climatic conditions of your region, soil properties. It should be borne in mind that each crop has its own favorable period for sowing and harvesting. Based on this, you will need to create the right crop rotation in order to get the maximum profit without depleting the land.

Take care of the equipment that will cultivate your land. Tractors and machine-tractor equipment, if it is not at your disposal, you can rent. You can also hire private owners of agricultural equipment, who for a fee will yell, cultivate and sow your fields. So, you will provide yourself not only with equipment, but also with labor.

If you yourself are unable to cultivate your land, you should hire workers who will be competent in this area. Try to hire qualified specialists who will act most productively.

If you seriously decide to take up this business, then you need to check the readiness of the soil to bear fruit. Statistics say that 50% of sown crops die due to the careless attitude of the farmer to the cultivation of his land. Therefore, in order to protect yourself from possible losses as much as possible, get rid of weeds and pests, and also take care of a full-fledged soil fertilizer.

After harvesting, the crop can be immediately sold. This is convenient, as it does not oblige you to search for a warehouse. If you can't find a buyer, or if you want to sell your crop later when it's at its peak price, then you need storage. The warehouse can be rented, which will be cheaper than building.

How much do you need to invest and how can you earn on the ground?

To start any business, you need to have initial capital. Own or credit funds must be invested in a business so that it makes a profit. Therefore, we will calculate how much money is needed so that the land business not only pays for itself, but also brings benefits.

If the land is in your possession, then you pay only a tax. If you rent fields, then you will pay a rent of approximately 3% of the value of the land. To date, land rent costs about 2190 rubles / ha.

Suppose you decide to sow your fields with sunflowers. This culture is relatively hardy to harsh climatic conditions. The calculation of grain for planting per hectare is about 5-10 kg, when the yield is 2.5 t/ha. Considering current prices, you will spend about 73-146 rubles per hectare on raw materials, and you will receive about 32120 rubles. from the sale of seeds per hectare.

If you have your own tractors and combines, you will only have to spend on maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. The cost of hiring a tractor for cultivating, processing and sowing a field is approximately 3650 rubles / ha, as well as harvesting from one hectare.

If you do not want to sell the harvest directly from the field, you need to take care of building or renting a hangar for grain storage. Construction of one sq. m. warehouse costs more than 7300 rubles. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the possible harvest from cultivated land and build a hangar for the future.

So, you can see that you will need to invest about 7300 rubles in your land business. per hectare of land, as well as pay employees and allocate funds for the construction or rental of a hangar. If the land is not yours, then an approximate amount of 2190 rubles / ha is added to these costs.

By selling grain from one hectare, you can get about 32,850 rubles. Considering the costs, your revenue will be at least 21,900 rubles / ha. Multiplying this amount by the area of ​​cultivated land, you will see how much income you will receive. From this money, you will have to pay the salaries of workers and income tax, as well as allocate funds for the next sowing of the fields.

After the sunflower, your land will be depleted and you will have to waste on fertilizers. It is not advisable to plant sunflower often, therefore, after harvesting seeds, it is advisable to plant winter crops or legumes.

The amounts calculated above are approximate reality. Prices for raw materials, agricultural machinery and labor are constantly fluctuating, so this information should be taken taking into account possible errors.

Thus, the cultivation of the land not only pays off, but also brings some profit. Every year your income and experience will grow. It should be borne in mind that the larger the area of ​​\u200b\u200bland, the more profitable the business becomes.

Doing your job, you will see the result of your work. All income will be at your disposal and no one will be able to deceive you or underestimate your work.

All business ideas are based on three pillars: innovation, profitability and start-up capital. If everything is more or less clear with the first two points, then the availability of start-up capital and its size for many becomes a stumbling block, on which crystal dreams are shattered. Are there any areas of business activity for which you don’t need big money and you don’t need to spend time, and after some time a certain net income is guaranteed. What the conversation, of course, is.

• Humus - the power of the earth
• Step by step opening plan
• Manufacturing technology: we bury garbage - we dig out money
• How much can you earn from a humus production business?
• How much can you earn on humus?
• How much money do you need to start a business
• What equipment to choose
• What is the OKVED for the humus business
• What documents are needed to open
• Which taxation system to choose
• Do I need permission to start a business

Humus - the power of the earth

The richest and most fertile soils of the planet, steppe chernozems owe their amazing productivity to humus, an organic compound formed as a result of complex combined aerobic and anaerobic processes as a result of humification of the remains of the vegetative parts of plants and their root systems. It was the steppe forbs, perennial deposits of plant parts that led to the formation of fertile soil, truly one of the miraculous wonders of the world.

What does the regular introduction of humus give, from the point of view of agrochemistry and agricultural technology?

The systemic fertility of the soil increases dramatically, since the humus itself is a complete organic fertilizer with a set of trace elements and a long-term aftereffect.

Due to the high moisture capacity, the earth fertilized with humus perfectly retains moisture in the root zone, and the capillary crusts that form in hot and dry weather are easily destroyed by surface loosening

Having a pronounced micro-cloddy structure, the humus perfectly aerates the upper horizon of the soil. Creating optimal conditions for the formation of a powerful and developed root system, especially when cultivating row crops

Perfectly interacts with local top dressing of plants with inorganic fertilizers, ensuring their optimal transport to the root zone and maximally leveling the loss of basic nutrients due to leaching and weathering

Contains carbon dioxide in a bound form, gently releases it, providing an optimal gas balance of the soil

Attracts earthworms and inhibits mole activity

Significantly reduces the cost of soil mulching, in some cases it allows you to completely abandon this operation

By introducing humus, it is difficult to overfeed the plants and burn the root system, which is very often manifested when other types of organic matter are introduced, such as chicken manure and slurry.

Step by step opening plan

1. Choosing a place for the production of humus (from 1.2 by 1.2 m to 2 by 2 m);
2. The primary component is the manure of herbivores. Rabbit droppings are preferred. But you can cow, sheep or horse. Avoid pig and goat manure.
3. A plant component in the form of dry hay, cereal or legume straw. Weed or garden hay is suitable for compost production, but not for humus.
4. Protection of the rotting mass from sediments to prevent leaching of components at intermediate stages of the process. Otherwise, you will get compost instead of humus.
5. The maturation period of the mass in the pile: 3-5 years. In the future - more often, if you lay a couple of heaps for every 1st, 2nd year.
6. Implementation of the finished product.

Manufacturing technology: we bury garbage - we dig out money

So, in order to get humus at no extra cost, we need a flat, dense platform-sole on any inconvenience.

There are two main cooking methods, the so-called French method or shoulder and American or box cooking. Since we save money, we stop at the French method, since we don’t need extra expenses. The boundaries of the site are set aside with boards, old doors, low shields and other rubbish capable of performing protective functions. The bottom of the fenced area is covered with broken bricks, pieces of plaster, chipped concrete and other solid construction debris. It will act as a drainage and support plane, preventing the future pile from spreading and preventing the finished product from being leached by atmospheric precipitation. In addition, the bottom layer cuts off possible infection by weeds and pests.

After that, a layer of reeds, hay, straw, and other plant residues is laid on the sole. The next layer is manure, and the most valuable is rabbit, cow and horse manure, and pig manure is used to a lesser extent.

After laying a layer of manure, a layer of organic waste is laid, which may include rotten legume hay, cereal straw, cabbage leaves, potato peelings, and more. From above, the organic layer is covered with a layer of lean earth, and then the laying of the pile alternates in the same order.

For the convenience of work, the side of the collar should be no more than 3-3.5 m, and the height should not be more than 3/4 of this indicator. After the laying is completed, the pile twitches with the ground and is covered from precipitation for the autumn-winter period. In summer, the south side is shaded by any available means in order to prevent overdrying of the mass, which leads to serious losses in quality.

Ripening lasts 3 years, during this time the pile settles and loses up to 30-40% in its original volume.

A high-quality product has a brown color with various shades, a pronounced smell of a spring field, a finely lumpy structure, and does not release water when pressed. The weight of a cubic meter of humus is 0.55-0.82 tons, deviations from the density indicators in any direction indicate a violation of the technology.

How much can you earn from a humus production business?

As already mentioned above, this type of activity is not associated with any capital investments and does not even require the arrangement of a pit, as in the case of composting. All expenses are tied to the cost of personal time and, in essence, represent a system for the rational use of waste.

The only significant disadvantage is that you can plan the release of the finished product and the receipt of the first income no earlier than 3 years from the date of laying. In subsequent years, by laying new heaps, you organize a continuous process of obtaining ready-made humus and, as a result, profit.

How much can you earn on humus?

Initially laid raw pile with a side of 5m has a volume of 75 cubic meters, at the exit, taking into account the maturation processes, we will get at least 19-23 cubic meters. commodity humus of nominal humidity. It is economically expedient to implement the product by bag rather than machine standards. So a 50-liter bag of humus for the end user costs about 75 rubles in retail. Machine norm with a volume of 4 cubic meters. ordinary humus about 4000 rubles. The difference in the cost of one cubic meter is 2000 rubles in favor of bag packaging.

In general, from one heap you can get 115 thousand rubles of income with the condition of selling goods at retail prices in bag norms.

Given the almost zero initial costs, waste disposal and the cost of only personal time, without the use of mechanization, this is more than a worthy result. An increase in profits is possible through a direct increase in the pledged volumes and a systematic collection of raw materials for the formation of piles on the side. Undoubtedly, this will entail a certain amount of expenses, in particular for transport and employees, but you will already have the start-up capital for all this.

How much money do you need to start a business

It is convenient to engage in the production of humus at home if you keep livestock yourself. On your site (dacha or backyard), you can organize production with a minimum investment at the start. Using substandard building materials, unnecessary boards, etc. for the equipment of the humus maturation site. Also, the initial components can be purchased at minimal prices or for free, for example, from neighbors who keep rabbits.

Straw-hay of cereals or legumes is in any farm. The price of cereal hay is 6,500 -7,500 rubles. per ton with delivery, one roll weighs 270 kg. To start a business, one roll will be more than enough for you. If you need to purchase a gardening tool, then another 20 thousand rubles additionally.

What equipment to choose

For the production of compost, gardening equipment will be needed: carts, shovels, pitchforks, etc., devices for measuring temperature and the acid-base environment of the substrate. In the future, you will need packaging material and scales.

What is the OKVED for the humus business

According to the OKVED classifier 2) Section C: Manufacturing.

Main: 20. Chemical production. substances and chem. products. Sub-item responsible for basic chemicals, nitrogen compounds, fertilizers, etc. - 20.1.

Namely, Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds - 20.15.

What documents are needed to open

To register an individual business, you need a passport, an application for state registration, a receipt for payment of state duty, a copy of the TIN certificate.

Which taxation system to choose

UTII is suitable - that is, a single tax on imputed income.

Do I need permission to start a business

No special permits or documents are required for the production of humus.