The number of workers in construction. An example of calculating the need for construction workers, calculation of temporary administrative buildings and structures
The labor rationing of engineering and technical workers (ITR) and employees is necessary for the correct calculation of their number, the objective distribution of duties between employees, the growth of their labor productivity, and objective conditions for material incentives.
To engineering and technical workers includes employees who organize production process, technical, economic and managerial guidance. It is necessary to distinguish between engineers and specialists. The basis for classifying workers as engineers is the position held (engineer, technician, agronomist, livestock specialist), and not education, therefore, they also include practitioners who do not have special education.
Specialists- these are employees who have completed higher and secondary special education. They can be both engineers and employees.
Specialists include employees engaged in engineering, technical, economic and other work, employees - employees who prepare and draw up documentation, accounting and control, economic services (secretaries, commandants, clerks, cashiers, timekeepers, freight forwarders, etc.).
Taking into account the peculiarities of the work of engineers and employees, their work is rationed with the help of various methods analytical normalization the complexity of the work and the number of performers. The choice of the rationing method depends on the complexity of the work performed, the variety of methods and approaches to solving problems, and the frequency of work. Accordingly, three groups can be defined:
1. Works that do not require great creative effort and are characterized by a small variety of operations performed
They require the exact implementation of the established order, rules, methods, instructions, standards (for example, shorthand, office work, accounting operations, detailing and copying documents, their design and reproduction, calculations according to a given program). Time limits for these works are established by analytical methods.
Consider how the work of the contractor is normalized to create a piecework order for the work performed on industrial enterprise.
Example 1
Creating an order for work performed contains a number of sequentially performed actions (algorithm; see diagram).
When performing work on creating an outfit, the contractor must act according to the algorithm. Knowing the initial data (the number of workers), it is possible to estimate the complexity of this work. Taking into account the fact that the contractor performs other works, for which there are also prescribed algorithms, it is possible to calculate the total labor intensity and, accordingly, determine the number of contractors at the enterprise.
2. Works requiring creative work
These works are not only technical activities (preparation of materials, design, drawing up diagrams and calculations), but also creative - the study of various materials and the search for solutions to problems. These are design, calculation, design, planning and other works.
The first part is normalized by the methods of analytical normalization, the second - the creative part - cannot be normalized by these methods. They apply to:
- the method of analogies according to the categories of complexity of the work performed;
- expert method;
- method by typical representatives.
So, analogy method consists in the fact that previously developed themes, constructions technological processes are divided into the simplest elements of work, for which the actual time spent is recorded. When normalizing the development labor intensity, the value of time is taken from analogues and corrected (tightened) taking into account the growth in labor productivity.
Practice shows that in the designs and technology of their manufacture up to 50-60% are repetitive elements of work.
For your information
The labor intensity of that part of the work, which has no analogues, is calculated using conversion factors that take into account the complexity and originality of the work. Conversion factors are set mainly by the expert method.
To normalize the work of designers and technologists, you can use analytical and calculation method, which is carried out in two stages.
At the first stage, when issuing work to a designer (technologist), only the type of work is indicated and an approximate time limit is set. This is necessary in order to calculate the monthly workload plan for an employee.
At the second stage, when the work is done, the quantitative and qualitative rationing of labor costs is carried out. Quantification answers the question how many standard 1A4 formats fit in the finished drawing. Qualitative assessment allows you to refer the drawing to certain group difficulties.
Consider an example of labor rationing for designers of a machine-building enterprise.
Example 2
All products developed by designers are divided by expert into four groups:
- simple products;
- products of medium complexity;
- complex product;
- product upgrade.
Regardless of the complexity, the development of each product consists of a number of successive stages:
For each group of products for each stage, on the basis of the time actually spent, the time norm is determined (Table 1).
Table 1
Table of preliminary production rate for the development of a new product, h
|
No. p / p |
Stages of design development of products |
Simple product |
Product of medium complexity |
Complex product |
Product upgrade |
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Development of a draft model of the product |
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Development of a 3D model and design documentation for prototype |
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Supervising the creation of a prototype |
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Correction of drawings and preparation complete set design documentation |
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Correction of design documentation based on the results of the pilot batch |
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Drawing up and approval of the act of transfer to mass production |
Based on this table, the load of each designer is calculated, the product release date is determined, and the need for design bureau employees is determined.
3. Management work, including the work of the heads of departments of the administrative apparatus
The most difficult standardized work. A method is used to determine the number of employees according to the norms of manageability and management functions.
Controllability rate is the number of people who are directly subordinate to the manager.
The optimal rate of controllability is 7 people. This is due to the peculiarity of human RAM to store information about seven unrelated objects.
In real life, the manageability rate can reach 40 people. It depends on the abilities, experience of the manager, the homogeneity of the tasks performed and many other factors, for example:
● type of activity of the organization;
● location of management objects (due to the geographical location of branches or departments of the organization, in some cases it is impossible to achieve optimal manageability indicators);
● qualifications of employees (the level of control over employees' activities depends on their skills and motivation);
● type organizational structure(hierarchical, matrix, design);
● level of task standardization;
● level of activity automation, etc.
It is important for a company to determine total number employees for each function. It is calculated using the methods of correlation analysis, which takes into account the influence of the most significant factors on the labor intensity of work on this function.
The number of managers according to the functional responsibilities of implementing the main management functions can be calculated from the data in Table. 2.
table 2
Determining the number of managers
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Calculation formula for the number of employees of the management apparatus by management functions |
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K y \u003d 23.6615 + 0.0011 × M p + 0.029 × K pr |
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K st \u003d 0.05 × (K new + K otk) |
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Pre-production |
K spp \u003d 1.85 + 0.0051 × K pr |
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K otiz \u003d 11.2142 + 0.0031 × K ppp |
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K op \u003d 12.0716 + 0.0286 × K pr + 0.523 × H sp |
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K peo \u003d 5.015 + 0.0006 K ppp + 0.0006 × M p |
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K boo = 3.9603 + 0.0013 × M + 0.0045 × K ppp |
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K ok \u003d 2.2129 + 0.0012 × K ppp |
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Occupational Safety and Health |
K otitb \u003d 1.1 + 0.0062 × M p |
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K d \u003d 1.7883 + 0.0019 × K ppp + 0.0002 × D |
Explanations for conditional abbreviations in Table. 2:
K y - the total number of managers of different levels;
M p - the number of jobs in the main production;
K pr - the number of workers in the main production;
K st - the number of employees of standardization and certification services;
K new - the number of employees involved in the development and implementation of new technologies and equipment;
K otk - the number of employees of the technical control department;
K cpp - the number of employees of the pre-production service;
To otiz - the number of employees of the wage department;
To ppp - the total number of industrial and production personnel;
K op - the number of employees of the department technical support production;
H cn - the number of independent structural divisions enterprises, units;
To peo - the number of employees of the planning and economic department;
K boo - the number of employees of the accounting and financial departments;
M - the number of names, sizes and article numbers of materials, semi-finished products, purchased products, units;
K ok - the number of employees of the training service;
To otitb - the number of employees of the department of labor protection and safety;
K d - the number of employees of the department of office work and economic services;
D - annual document flow, units.
The total number of independent structural units, their deputies and assistants, who are directly subordinate to the first head, is calculated by the formula:
H cn \u003d 7.78 + 0.00019 × K ppp.
Note!
These calculation methods were developed in the planned economy and used in large industrial enterprises. Therefore, in modern conditions they can only serve as a rough guide.
Example 3
According to the method presented above, we calculate the number of managerial personnel.
The initial data are presented in table. 3, the results of the calculation - in table. 4.
Table 3
Determining the number of managers based on management functions
|
Indicators |
Meaning |
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Number of jobs in the main production (M p) |
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Number of workers in the main production (K pr) |
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Number of employees involved in the development and implementation of new technologies and equipment (K new) |
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Number of employees of the technical control department (K otk) |
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Total number of industrial and production personnel (K ppp) |
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The number of independent structural divisions of the enterprise (N sp), units. |
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Number of names, sizes and article numbers of materials, semi-finished products, purchased products (M), units |
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Annual document flow (D), units |
Table 4
Number calculation
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Characteristic functional duties managers and their departments |
population |
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General (line) management of the main production |
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Standardization and certification of products, technological processes and other elements of production |
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Pre-production |
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Labor organization and wages |
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Operational management of the main production |
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Technical and economic planning |
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Accounting and financial activities |
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Recruitment and training |
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Occupational Safety and Health |
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General office work and economic management |
conclusions
If we compare the results of calculations with the number at a real industrial enterprise, then with regard to labor protection, recruitment and training of personnel, preparation of production, we can see that the estimated number of personnel is very close to the real one.
With regard to accounting functions (PEO, accounting, O&M, office work), the calculated data are overestimated by 2-3 times. The work of these divisions is quite automated and does not require such a number of employees.
R. V. Kazantsev,
CFO "MC Teplodar"
This lesson is aimed at determining the duration of each process and the number of workers employed at the facility.
Determination of the number of people on the calendar plan
When compiling, for each cycle, it is necessary to select workers who will perform it. To do this, the recommended composition of the link from the calculation is combined with other compositions (when combining related works). For example, if one job requires a 3rd grade mason. - 2 people
And for others: bricklayer 4r - 1 person, 3r - 1 person, crane operator 4r - 1 person, carpenter 4r - 1 person, 2r - 2 people. bricklayer 4r - 1 person, 2r - 1 person.
Then in one link you can include: bricklayer 4r - 1 person, 3 cuts - 2 people, 2r - 1 person, carpenter 4r - 1 person, 2 class - 2 people. It is important to note that sometimes the link does not include all the workers from the cost estimate. For example, one helper can replace another, etc.
If the number of people in the team cannot do the job in a short time, then it is advisable to take the number of people as a multiple of the norm, for example, as in our example, not 7, but 14.
Duration of cycles on the schedule
Let us explain what is in the picture: we put it in a new sheet. We calculated the labor intensity in hours and days similarly to the calculation. However, now it is necessary to calculate the accepted labor intensity, and this is done very simply: 10-15% is subtracted from the normative, divided by the number of workers. The resulting number is the days, the time of the construction cycle, rounded off and multiplied again by the number of people. Thus, we find the accepted complexity.
Attention! The accepted labor intensity should be less than the standard one by no more than 15%.
5.1. The total estimated number of construction personnel per shift.
The basis for determining the number of employees per construction site is maximum amount workers of the main production, employed in one shift. It is determined by the schedule of movement of workers, built under calendar plan production of works on the object.
N max base = 43 people per shift
The number of workers in non-core production is assumed to be 20% of the number of workers hired according to the schedule. The data are summarized and the result obtained is used in further calculations.
N unbasic \u003d 0.2 * 43 \u003d 8.6 \u003d 9 people.
N itr - the number of engineering and technical workers (ITR) in one shift is taken in the amount of 6-8%, N mop - junior service personnel (MOP) - 4%, N uch - the number of students and trainees - 5% of the total number of workers of the main and secondary production.
N itr \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.08 \u003d 4.16 \u003d 5 people.
N mop \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.04 \u003d 3 people.
N account \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.05 \u003d 2.6 \u003d 3 people.
N \u003d 1.06 * (N max main + N non-basic + N itr + N mop + N uch) \u003d 1.06 * (43 + 9 + 5 + 3 + + 3) \u003d 77.38 \u003d 78
The total estimated number of workers employed at the construction site per shift is determined as the sum of all categories of workers with coefficients of 1.06 (of which 4% are workers on vacation, 2% are absenteeism due to illness).
5.2. Determination of the composition and area of temporary buildings and structures.
The composition and areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined at the time of the maximum turnaround of work at the construction site according to the estimated number of workers employed in one shift.
The type of temporary structure is accepted taking into account the period of its stay at the construction site: during construction lasting up to six months, mobile temporary structures are used. The results of calculating the need for temporary mobile buildings are given in Table. 4.
At a construction site with less than 80 people working in the largest shift, there must be at least the following sanitary facilities: dressing rooms with washbasins; showers, medical center, for drying and dedusting clothes; for heating, rest and eating; foreman; toilet; women's personal hygiene.
| Name of buildings and structures | Estimated number | Norm for 1 person | Estimated space requirement, m2 | Accepted area, m2 | |||
| Total | % concurrent users | number of concurrent users | units rev. | Quantity | |||
| checkpoint | - | - | - | m 2 | |||
| Office of the great-slave | m 2 | 3-5 | |||||
| Room for heating | m 2 | 0,6 | 46,8 | 46,8 | |||
| Dining room | m 2 / person | 0,6 | 16,8 | 16,8 | |||
| Pantry | - | - | - | m 2 | |||
| Room for drying and dedusting clothes | m 2 | 0,2 | 7,8 | ||||
| Honey. paragraph | m 2 | 0,6 | 8,25 | ||||
| Pom. Women's personal hygiene | m 2 | 0,5 | |||||
| Dressing rooms | m 2 | 0,5 | 12,5 | ||||
| showers | m 2 | 0,43 | 10,32 | ||||
| Toilet | m 2 | - |
5.3. Calculation of water demand for construction needs.
Temporary water supply at the construction site is intended to meet industrial, household needs and fire fighting. The required water flow (l / s) is determined by the formula:
Q \u003d P well +0.5 (R b + R pr),
where R b, R pr, R pzh - water consumption, respectively, for domestic, industrial needs and for firefighting, l / s. Water consumption for domestic needs is made up of:
R 1 b - water consumption for washing, eating and other household needs;
R 2 b - water consumption for taking a shower. Water consumption for domestic needs is determined by the formulas:
R 1 b \u003d N * b * K 1 / 8 * 3600, R 2 b \u003d N * a * K 2 / t * 3600,
where N is the estimated number of personnel per shift;
b - the rate of water consumption per 1 person per shift (in the absence of sewerage, 10-15 liters are taken, in the presence of sewerage, 20-25 liters);
a - water consumption rate per person using a shower (in the absence of sewerage - 30 - 40 l, in the presence of sewerage - 80 l);
K 1 - coefficient of uneven water consumption (taken in the amount of 1.2-1.3);
K 2 - coefficient taking into account the number of washers - from the largest number of workers per shift (taken in the amount of 0.3 - 0.4);
8 - the number of hours of work per shift;
t is the operating time of the shower installation in hours (assume 0.75 h).
P 1 b \u003d 78 * 20 * 1.2 / 8 * 3600 \u003d 0.029 l / s;
P 2 b \u003d 78 * 80 * 0.3 / 0.75 * 3600 \u003d 0.31 l / s;
R b \u003d R 1 b + R 2 b \u003d 0.029 + 0.31 \u003d 0.339 l / s.
Water consumption for production needs is determined by the formula:
R pr \u003d 1.2 * K 3 ∑q / n * 3600
where 1.2 is the coefficient for unaccounted for water costs;
Kz - coefficient of non-uniformity of water consumption (assumed to be 1.3-1.5);
n is the number of hours of work per shift;
q - total water consumption per shift in liters for all production needs that do not coincide with the time of work (according to the work schedule).
R pr \u003d 1.2 * 1.3 * 800000 / 8 * 3600 \u003d 43.3
Water consumption for fire extinguishing is determined depending on the area of the site, taken according to the construction plan, equal to 10 l / s.
Required water flow
Q= 10+0.5(0.339+43.3)=31.81 l/s
Based on the calculations, the diameter of the pipeline is determined by the formula:
D=(4*Q*1000/πv) 1/2
where Q is the total water consumption for domestic, industrial and fire-fighting needs, l / s;
v is the speed of water movement through the pipeline, m/s (we take v=2 m/s).
D \u003d (4 * 31.81 * 1000 / 3.14 * 2) 1/2 \u003d 142.34 mm.
Estimated diameter of the pipeline is 142.34 mm. The diameter of the water supply network is assumed to be 150 mm. (V=1.39; 1000i=23.3)
5.4. Calculation of the required electricity and selection of the required power of transformers.
Electricity in construction is spent on power consumers, technological processes, internal lighting of temporary buildings, outdoor lighting of work sites, warehouses, access roads and the construction site. Calculation of the need for electrical energy is given in table. 5.
Table 5:
The required electricity and power of the transformer are calculated by the formula:
P trans \u003d a * (K 1 ∑ P with / cosφ 1 + K 2 * ∑ P mech / cos φ 2 + K 3 * ∑ R v.o. + K 4 * ∑ R n. o.)
where a is a coefficient that takes into account losses in the network; depending on the
network length, a=1. 05-1.1;
∑R s - the sum of the rated powers of all power plants, kW;
∑P mech - the sum of the rated powers of the devices involved in the technological processes, kW;
∑P v.o. - total power of interior lighting fixtures, kW;
∑Р but - the total power of outdoor lighting fixtures, kW;
cosφ 1 , cosφ 2 - respectively, power factors depending on the load, power and technological needs; accepted respectively: 0.6 and 0.75;
K 1, K 2, Kz, K 4 - respectively, the survey coefficients, taking into account
mismatch of loads of consumers and accepted: K 1 =0.5, K 2 =0.7, Kz=0.8, K 4 =1.0.
P trans \u003d 1.1 * (0.5 * 72 / 0.6 + 0, 7 * 70 / 0.75 + 0, 8 * 0.9 + 1.0 * 4) \u003d 1 43 kW
In accordance with the obtained power value, we select a transformer. We choose a complete mobile transformer substation KTPP-58-320
5.5. Calculation of the need for compressed air.
Compressed air at the construction site is necessary to ensure the operation of devices (including jackhammers, perforators, pneumatic rammers, hand-held pneumatic tools for cleaning the surface from dust, etc.)
Compressed air sources are stationary compressor stations, and most often mobile compressor units. The calculation of the need for compressed air is made from the operating conditions of the minimum number of devices connected to one compressor. The power of the required compressor unit is calculated by the formula:
where 1.3 - coefficient taking into account network losses;
∑q- total air consumption by devices, m3/min;
K - the coefficient of simultaneity of the operation of the devices, taken during the operation of 6 devices - 0.8.
Q \u003d 1.3 * 0.8 * 12.4 \u003d 12.9 m 3 / min
The capacity of the receiver is determined by the formula:
V \u003d K √ Q \u003d 0.4 * √ 2.9 \u003d 1.44 m 3
where K is a coefficient depending on the compressor power and taken for mobile compressors - 0.4;
Q - power of the compressor unit, m 3 / min. We accept PKS-5 compressor units (selection according to the reference book), in the amount of 3 pieces. The diameter of the distributing pipeline is determined by the formula:
D=3.18√Q=3.18*√12.9=11.4mm
where Q is the calculated air flow, m 3 / min.
The resulting value is rounded to the nearest standard diameter, and 15 mm is selected.
5.6. Determining the need for oxygen.
4400 m 3 - for the oxygen demand of housing and communal services. In one cylinder (40 l.) - 6.0 m 3 oxygen. 734 cylinders are needed.
8.7 Calculation of heat demand.
At construction sites, heat is consumed for heating buildings and greenhouses, for technological needs (for example, steaming reinforced concrete structures in winter, steam heating frozen soils, etc.)
Heat consumption for heating temporary buildings
Q \u003d qV (t in -t n) * a,
Q 1 \u003d 0.45 * 13827.04 * (22-(-9)) * 0.9 \u003d 173.598 * 10 3 kJ
Q 2 \u003d 0.8 * 549 * (22-(-9)) * 0.9 \u003d 51.46 * 10 3 kJ.
where q is the specific thermal characteristic of the building; kcal / m 3. .h.grad.
for temporary buildings it is taken equal to 0.8 kcal / m 3 .h.g.;
for capital residential and public buildings it is taken equal to 0.45 kcal / m 3 .h.g.;
a- coefficient taking into account the influence of the calculated outdoor temperature on q (1.45-0.9)
V- volume of the building in terms of external volume, m 3
t in - calculated internal temperature
t n - calculated outdoor temperature
Heat consumption for technological goals is determined each time by special calculations, based on the given volumes of work, the period of work, the adopted modes or by the specific heat consumption per unit volume or product according to the available reference data.
The total amount of heat is determined by summing up the heat costs for individual needs, taking into account the inevitable heat losses in the network in kcal and converted to kJ (1kcal-4.2kJ):
Q total \u003d (Q 1 + Q 2) * K 1 * K 2,
Q total \u003d (173.598 * 10 3 + 51.46 * 10 3) * 1.5 * 1.1 \u003d 371.346 * 10 3 kJ.
Where Q 1 is the amount of heat for heating buildings and greenhouses, kcal / h.
Q 1 - the same, for technical needs;
K 1 - coefficient taking into account heat losses in the network (approximately, you can take K = 1.15);
K 2 - coefficient providing for an addition to unaccounted for heat costs, taken as K = 1.10.
8.8 Calculation of the need for storage space.
A set of issues related to the organization of warehouse management includes the determination of stocks of materials and the calculation of the area of warehouses.
Stocks of materials
Where Q is the amount of material required to perform this type of work;
T is the estimated duration of the work, days;
n - material stock rate (when transporting material by road, it is taken equal to 2-5 days);
K - coefficient taking into account uneven supply, taken equal to 1.2.
P 1 \u003d (1597.1 / 64) * 3 * 1.2 \u003d 89
The required warehouse area is determined based on the expression:
S=(P/r*KII)*n*K,
Where P is the amount of material to be stored;
r is the rate of storage of material per 1 m 2 of area;
K II - coefficient taking into account passes.
S \u003d (27 / 6 * 0.5) * 3 * 1.2 \u003d 32.4 m 2
| Name of materials | Unit Change | Need | Storage rate per 1m 2 | Coef teaches. | Warehouses | ||
| general | we store | View | Square | ||||
| Small prefabricated reinforced concrete elements | m 3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | open | 32,4 | ||
| bricks | m 3 | 0,7 | 0,5 | open | 37,6 | ||
| Steel pipes | T | 433,5 | 0,5-0,8 | 0,6 | open | ||
| fittings | T | 1,6-1,8 | 0,6 | canopy | |||
| Ruberoid 1 roll-20m 2 Weight 24 kg. | rub. | 15-22 | 0,5 | 7,2 | |||
| gravel, crushed stone | m 3 | 929,5 | 3-4 | 0,7 | open | 10,28 | |
| Slag, sand | m 3 | 643,5 | 3-4 | 0,7 | open | 10,28 |
The number of workers at the construction site is determined by calculation. We accept the ratio of the categories of workers as follows:
Workers - 80%, engineers - 15%, employees - 4%, MOS - 1%.
The number of employees from the workforce movement schedule for the first shift:
Working: 14 people – 80%
х=17.5 people=18 people (we accept)
Engineering: 18 people - 100%
x=2.7=3 people (accept)
Employees: 18 people - 100%
x=0.72 people=1 person
MOP: 14 people - 100%
x=0.18=0 people
The work of the MOP is performed by the workers themselves in a certain sequence and for an additional fee.
N \u003d 1.05 * (N slave + N itr + N service + N mop) (3.1)
N=1.05*(18+3+1)=23.1
1.05 - coefficient taking into account absenteeism due to illness and staff being on vacation:
N=1.05*(14+2+1+0)=17.85 people+18 people
Calculation of areas of temporary buildings for construction maintenance
To calculate the areas of temporary buildings, it is necessary to know the data on the number of construction personnel, the duration of the work, as well as the current standards that provide sufficient production conditions. When calculating the area of temporary buildings, all employees employed in the first shift are taken into account, the area of the office is calculated based on the number of engineers, and the area of the control room is calculated based on the number of employees. We summarize the calculation in table 3.1
Table 3.1 - calculation of the areas of temporary buildings
| No. p / p | Building name | Index | Unit. | Indicator values | Estimated number of people | Required area |
| Wardrobe | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.8 | |||
| shower room | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.5 | |||
| Dryer for clothes and shoes | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.2 | |||
| Room for heating | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.1 | |||
| washroom | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.03 | |||
| Dining room | For a worker | m 2 | 0.9 | |||
| health center | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.1 | |||
| dry closet | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.08 | |||
| Meeting room | For 1 worker | m 2 | 0.75 | |||
| Office | At ITR | m 2 | ||||
| control room | per employee | m 2 |
Having calculated the needs for temporary buildings, we make a selection of inventory buildings, taking into account the estimated area and structural characteristics.
Grouping:
- Washroom, dining room, health center.
- 2. meeting room, office, control room.
- Dressing room, shower room, heating room, clothes dryer.
The results of the selection of buildings are entered in table 3.2
Table 3.2 - Explication of inventory buildings
Container-type buildings on the basis of transportation are divided into 2 groups:
- Transported on proper 1 running gear.
- Transported by special vehicles
Since our number of workers does not exceed 50 people, we accept a building with a running gear.
Warehouse organization
Warehousing is organized to create conditions that ensure timely maintenance of buildings with materials and structures.
stock of materials , subject to storage in a warehouse, is determined by the formula:
Q cr = *n * K 1 * K 2 (3.2)
Q about - the amount of materials and construction required to complete a given volume of construction and installation work.
T - the duration of the construction and installation works provided for by the calendar plan.
n is the stock rate.
K 1 - the coefficient of uneven receipt of materials at the warehouse.
K 2 - the coefficient of uneven consumption of materials.
The required warehouse area for each type of material is determined by the formula:
S=Q sc *q (3.3)
q - area norm m 2 for storing a unit of production (m 3 . t)
All calculations are summarized in table 3.3
Table 3.3 - Calculation of warehouse areas
| Name of materials and products | Duration of consumption T, days | Need | Odds | Material stock rate n, days | Estimated stock of materials Qsk, t | S warehouse, for warehousing q | Required warehouse area, m 2 | ||
| Total for the planned period Q about, t | Average daily, t | Receipt of materials to the warehouse, K 1 | Consumption of materials in constructionK 2 | ||||||
| Steel pipes | 1.1 | 1.3 | 2m 2 /t | ||||||
| Sand | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1m 2 /m 3 | ||||||
| Prefabricated reinforced concrete | 1.1 | 1.3 | 3.5m 2 /m 3 | ||||||
Page
4
In accordance with the calendar plan for the production of works, a schedule was drawn up for the movement of the main construction machines around the facility. The need for construction machines and mechanisms is determined based on the scope of work. The number of machine shifts by months is distributed taking into account the duration of execution mechanized process. The results of the calculation are given in table. 5.
Table 5
Schedule of movement of the main construction machines on the object
| Names | If- | |||||||||
| machines | quality | average daily number of cars |
||||||||
|
Bulldozer DZ-43 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
|
Excavator EO-4321 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
|
Crawler crane SKG-30 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
|
Autohydranator | machine-shifter | |||||||||
|
Tower crane KB-160 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
Determination of the estimated number of workers at the construction site
The basis for determining the number of workers on the construction site is the maximum number of workers in the main production, employed in one shift. It is determined by the schedule of movement of workers:
Nmax main = 57 people
The number of workers in non-core production is assumed to be 20% of the number of workers hired according to the schedule. The data are summarized, and the result is used in further calculations:
Nmin. = 57 * 0.2 = 11 people
The number of engineering and technical workers (ITR) in one shift is taken in the amount of 11-14% of the total number of employees in the main and non-main production:
Nitr \u003d 68 * 0.12 \u003d 8 people.
The total estimated number of workers employed at the construction site per shift is determined as the sum of all categories of workers with a coefficient of 1.06 (of which 4% are workers on vacation and 2% are sick leave):
Ncalc. in 1 shift \u003d (57 + 11 + 8) * 1.06 \u003d 79 people.
The number of women is assumed to be approximately 20% of the total number of employees:
Composition and areas of temporary mobile buildings and structures
The composition and areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined at the time of the maximum turnaround of work at the construction site according to the estimated number of workers employed in one shift.
The type of temporary structure is accepted taking into account the period of its stay at the construction site: if the duration of the construction of the facility is 6-18 months - container-type buildings.
At a construction site with less than 60 people working in the most numerous shift, there must be at least the following sanitary facilities: dressing rooms with washbasins; showers; for drying and dedusting clothes; for heating, rest and eating; foreman; toilet.
With the number of employees up to 150 people, first-aid kits should be in the foremen.
The results of calculating the need for temporary mobile buildings are given in tabular form, see table. 6.
Table 6
Calculation of the need for temporary mobile buildings
