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Schedule of work equipment at the facility. Work Schedule

METHODOLOGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GRAPHIC PART

Construction master plan design

In this section, justify the size of the construction site, indicate the type of temporary fencing. Justify the choice of storage sites for materials and structures, the need for their reloading (if any), the location of temporary on-site roads with their characteristics, type of pavement, type of foundation, width of the carriageway, radius of curvature of roads. Justify the adopted scheme of traffic, note the method of laying temporary communications (power lines, water supply, sewerage, telephone). Specify the method of heating temporary buildings and heating water in the shower.

Particularly carefully justify the zones of restrictions on the operation of the crane. If there are any, then indicate the type of restriction (mechanical or free) and its designation in the daytime and at night on construction site. Note other fundamental features of the design of the SGP, if any.

Calendar plan construction of an object is designed to determine the sequence and timing of work during the construction of an object.

When drawing up a calendar plan, it is necessary to take into account: the construction deadline; technological sequence of work; maximum overlap in time certain types works; performance of work by leading construction machines in two or three shifts; even distribution of workers; compliance with labor protection and safety regulations.

The order of development of the calendar plan is as follows:

A list (nomenclature) of works is compiled;

In accordance with the nomenclature for each type of work, their volumes are determined;

The choice of production methods for the main works and leading machines is made;

The normative machine and labor input is calculated;

The technological sequence of work is determined;

Established work shifts;

The duration of work and their combination are determined, the number of performers and shifts are adjusted;

The estimated duration is compared with the normative one, and adjustments are made;

The calendar chart consists of the left tabular part and the right graphic part. tabular part the graph has the following form (table 10).

Table 10 - Schedule

Vertical columns (graphic part of the plan) must correspond to 5 or 10 calendar days with a construction period of more than 6 months and 5 days with a construction period of less than 6 months. The lines separating months and years should be highlighted.

Columns 1 ... 9 of the calendar plan are filled out on the basis of the statement labor costs, the need for mechanisms and materials (table 3).

Determination of the duration of work (column 10) and the number of shifts (column 11).

First, the duration of mechanized work is set, the rhythm of which determines all scheduling, and then the duration of manual work is calculated.

The duration of the mechanized work T mech., days, is determined by the formula:

The number of shifts is reflected in column 11. When using the main machines (mounting cranes, excavators), the number of shifts is taken at least two. The shift of work performed manually and with the help of a mechanized tool depends on the front of the work and the workforce. The number of shifts is also determined by the requirements of the project (continuous concreting, etc.) and the target dates for the construction of the facility.

The number of workers per shift and the composition of the team are determined in accordance with the complexity and duration of work. When calculating the composition of the brigade, based on the fact that the transition from one capture to another should not cause changes in the numerical and qualification composition, taking this into account, the most rational combination of professions in the brigade is established. The calculation of the composition of the brigade is carried out in the following order:

ü a set of works entrusted to the brigade is outlined;

ü the labor intensity of the works included in the complex is calculated;

ü selected from the calculation of labor costs by profession and category of workers;

ü the numerical composition of the units and the brigade is calculated; the professional and qualification composition of the brigade is determined.

The quantitative composition of each link n stars is determined on the basis of labor costs for the work assigned to the link, Q p, people-d and the duration of the leading process T fur., days according to the formula:

n star \u003d Q p / (T fur × m).

(34)

The quantitative composition of the brigade is determined by summing up the number of workers of all units of the brigade.

It is necessary to strive for a constant number of workers at the facility. A change in their number is allowed up to 20%. It should take into account the maximum combination of work in time, the technological sequence, grouping into one complex "work" several works performed by one team. For example, brickwork, installation of jumpers, floor slabs, balcony slabs, flights of stairs, sanitary cabins.

The list of works in the calendar schedule must be no less than that given in Appendix A. Data for each type of work is indicated in a horizontal column; all columns are made with the same width and are drawn until the end of the schedule (completion date).

It must be taken into account that on winter period It is not recommended to schedule the following activities:

o exterior finishing works;

o roll roofing;

o landscaping (road pavement) and landscaping;

o internal finishing works before starting the heating system;

o a fragment of trenches, pits (later November).

Planned earthworks in winter should be specifically justified in section 2.3 of the explanatory note.

Under the right side of the calendar plan, a schedule of movement of workers is performed in the form of a diagram.

The schedule of the need for construction machines and mechanisms is performed in the lower left part of the sheet in the form of table 11 based on the statement of labor costs, the need for mechanisms and materials and the timing of the work on the calendar schedule.

Table 11 - Statements of the need for machines and mechanisms

In the lower left part of the sheet in the form of table 12, the technical and economic indicators of the calendar plan are also given.

Table 12 - Technical and economic indicators of the calendar plan

The following TEP values should be entered in the table.

Construction duration taken according to the calendar plan and compared with the deadlines established by SNiP 1.04.03-85. The duration of construction and installation work according to SNiP 1.04.03-85 is determined by excluding the duration of equipment installation from the total duration of construction in months.

The duration of construction is expressed by a coefficient determined by the formula:

Where T rpr- the total labor intensity for the construction of the facility, adopted according to the calendar plan;

V- the amount of work at this facility, expressed in relevant indicators (for example, 1 m 3 of a building).

Average output:

Where N max – maximum amount workers according to the calendar schedule;

N Wed- the average number of workers;

N cf \u003d T rpr / P rf.

(39)

The coefficient of uneven movement of workers should not exceed 1.5 ... 2.

Illiterate preparation of the construction schedule entails inconsistency in the actions of the performers, interruptions in their work, delays in deadlines and, of course, an increase in the cost of construction. To prevent such situations, a calendar plan is developed, which performs the function of a work schedule within the accepted duration of construction. Obviously, the changing situation at the construction site may require a significant adjustment of such a plan, however, in any situation, the content of the calendar plan gives the construction manager the opportunity to clearly understand what needs to be done in the coming days, weeks, months.
The purpose of the calendar plan is to develop and implement the most rational model of organization and technology of work in time and space at the facility, performed by various performers with continuous and efficient use allocated labor, material and technical resources in order to put the facility into operation within the standard time frame.
The object calendar schedule in the PPR determines the sequence and timing of each type of work at a particular facility from the beginning of its construction to commissioning. Typically, such a plan is broken down by months or days, depending on the size and complexity of the object. The object calendar plan (schedule) is developed by the compiler of the PPR, i.e. by the general contractor or a specialized design organization engaged for this purpose.
Work schedules are the most common type scheduling. As a rule, they are compiled very quickly and often have a simplified form, i.e., as practice shows, they are not always properly optimized. Nevertheless, they usually take into account the actual situation at the construction site better than others, since they are compiled by persons directly involved in this construction. This is especially true for taking into account weather conditions, the specifics of the interaction of subcontractors, the implementation of various rationalization proposals, i.e. factors that are difficult to predict in advance.
Hourly (minute) charts in technological charts and labor process charts are compiled by the developers of these charts. Such schedules are usually carefully thought out, optimized, but they are focused only on typical (most likely) operating conditions. In specific situations, they may require significant adjustments.

Calendar schedule for the production of works in construction.

This article describes the scheduling of a contract for construction and installation work between the Owner and the Contractor. It means that the project documentation has already been developed; it probably already has a schedule - see the construction organization project (COS), but this schedule is not always suitable for the implementation of the project (for example, the actual delivery time of equipment, etc. is not taken into account).
The construction of an object very often takes a long time (sometimes several years), the start of some work depends on the completion of others, therefore, in order to control the timely completion of individual stages of construction and the commissioning of the object on time, a work schedule is drawn up.

Work schedule sample form

Sample of drawing up a schedule for the construction of a residential building

The schedule is tied to real numbers and dates, so the construction start date must be known exactly. In the construction organization project (POS) there is a section on the duration of construction - we take the duration from there. For example 12 months. We break the sheet so that all 12 months fit.
Then we take the estimate documentation, we count the number of estimates. How many estimates, so many lines. We enter the name of the work for which the estimate was made (for example, "general construction work" or "heating of a residential building", taking into account the sequence of work. For each type of work, we also enter the estimated cost and labor intensity.
To determine the sequence of each type of work, you need to think. The laying of external networks and other earthworks is best done when the ground is not frozen. Planting perennial grasses, shrubs and trees at the end of construction and during the warm season. Asphalt concrete pavement until frost. Finishing work in winter they depend on heating. If the heating is from gas boilers, then the gas networks must be completed.
It is also necessary to indicate the dates of the start-up and adjustment works (CW) in the schedule. The time of their implementation depends on the completion of the installation of equipment, networks and systems requiring commissioning, usually this is the end of construction.
In the schedule, the last month is conventionally allocated for the commissioning of the facility. This is the time to eliminate imperfections, complete all work, remove temporary buildings and structures, conduct an acceptance committee, etc.

The duration of individual stages of work in the schedule.

To determine the duration of the stage, it is necessary to know the complexity. Labor intensity is the amount of labor time spent on the production of a unit of output. For example: manual soil development with a volume of 400 m3, labor intensity of 500 people. - days. The duration of the stage (days) is equal to the labor intensity / number of people. This means that 1 person will dig 400 m3 of soil for 500 days, and 10 people for 50 days, and 50 people for 10 days.
The amount of labor input for the schedule is taken from the corresponding estimate. Here, too, you need to think, if the work with great labor intensity is performed on the chart in 2 days, then this is not entirely correct. And vice versa, work with low labor intensity on the graph is shown to take 8 months, and considering it turns out that 0.5 excavator does it, this is also not entirely true.

The cost of individual stages of work in the schedule.

The contract between the Customer and the Contractor usually provides for penalties for not meeting the deadlines for work under the contract, the annex to which is the work schedule. For each stage, the schedule indicates the cost, start date and end date of the work. The amount of the fine is calculated depending on the number of days of delay and the cost this stage works (the calculation of the amount of the fine is carried out in accordance with the contract).

Sample production schedule

Download sample work schedule

Operational scheduling(production scheduling) - ensuring the synchronous operation of interacting sections for the reliable functioning of the entire economic object(workshops, enterprises) as a whole. Math problems operational scheduling are mainly solved on the basis of scheduling theory and inventory management models. At the same time, technological processing routes are divided into separate links, acting in relation to each other as suppliers and consumers, buffer capacities are created for intermediate storage of resources and products.

The result of operational scheduling calculations should be optimal (as a rule, shift) tasks for execution necessary work, the formation of orders tied to exact dates to other economic objects.

The operational-calendar planning of the production of large single items(construction of ships, buildings), where the methods of network planning and management, mass discrete production, continuous production, serial and small-scale production are used for this.

In the process of operational scheduling, calculations are performed and the following are established:

the task of workshops, production sites and workplaces for the production of specific products, assemblies and blanks;
standards for the movement of work items in production (stock standards, batch sizes, periods of their launch and release, etc.);
calendar schedules that establish the sequence and timing of the manufacture of products at each stage of production.

The main tasks of operational scheduling:

ensuring rhythmic production in accordance with the established volumes and nomenclature, as well as timely production and supply of products to consumers;
ensuring the uniformity and completeness of the loading of equipment, workers and areas, which will contribute to the best use of production assets;
ensuring maximum continuity of production, i.e. ensuring the shortest duration production cycle, which will assist in the reduction of work in progress and the acceleration of the circulation of working capital;
creation of conditions for the development of advanced forms of organization of work, as well as for the automation of volumetric and calendar calculations based on the use of modern computer technology.

According to the scope of work that is performed, in accordance with the content, operational scheduling is divided into scheduling and dispatching control.

Calendar planning is a detailing of the annual production program of the enterprise in terms of launch-release of each type of product and by performers - in the main production subdivisions of the first level (factories production association or workshops), and inside - at production sites and workplaces.

Scheduling includes the development of:

calendar and planning standards;
schedules for the movement of objects of work in time and spacious in the production process;
equipment and space loading schedule (volumetric calculations);
maintenance production tasks based on the developed schedules for subsections, production sites and workplaces.

Dispatch regulation is a process that provides operational regulation of the production process by systematically recording and monitoring the implementation of shift-daily tasks, current production preparation, prompt elimination of shortcomings and deviations that arise.

For operational scheduling, the following basic initial data are required:

production plan for quarters and months;
technological route and technological process of processing parts and compiling products with time standards for operations;
operating modes of workshops, production sites;
equipment repair plan.

Operational scheduling is carried out on the scale of the enterprise by workshops and the scale of individual workshops - by sections and workplaces.

In connection with different planning objects, intershop and intrashop operational-calendar planning are distinguished.

Inter-shop planning includes the establishment of interrelated production tasks between the shops, developed according to the production program of the enterprise and ensuring consistency in the work of the shops in the implementation of this program.

Intershop planning is aimed at maintaining the smooth, rhythmic work of the main production subdivisions (factories, workshops), ensuring their uninterrupted supply and maintenance by auxiliary workshops and services.

The production programs of the enterprise are developed for a year, broken down by quarters. Workshop operational production programs are compiled for the quarter with distribution by months. A planned task is established - a program for the production of products in the planned period for each workshop with justification by the corresponding volumetric calculations. The calendar plan regulates the timing of the movement of products in the workshops of the plant, without disclosing partial, intra-shop post-operational terms of production for each item. Dispatching provides accounting, control and operational regulation of work between workshops. In the process of developing and bringing production programs to the shops, these programs are specified and adjusted depending on the results of the previous month.

Intershop planning is carried out by the production and dispatching department (PDO) of the enterprise.

Intra-shop planning is aimed at distributing the range of works that are set by the shop schedule between sections, and bringing planned tasks to each production site and workplace. The content of work on intrashop planning depends on the size of the shop, its production structure and in general view includes planning the work of sites and preparing tasks for workplaces.

The work of production sites is planned on the basis of the schedule of the workshop, which come from the inter-shop level of the operational scheduling system.

The purpose of planning the work of sites is the formation of a plan for the production of planning and accounting units of a given level for each production site for each planning and accounting period.

Intrashop planning and regulation of production in the shop is carried out by the production and dispatching bureau (PDB), on the site - by the foreman with the help of PDB.

The boundaries of intershop and intrashop planning may change with the development or implementation automated system production management (APCS).

In the process of developing production programs, a chain method is used, which consists in the fact that tasks are set in reverse order. technological process, i.e. from drafting finished products to the procurement and determination of the need for materials, raw materials and semi-finished products.

The operational-calendar planning system is characterized by a certain planning and accounting unit and a planning and accounting period.

A planning and accounting unit is a set of works that is considered as a whole in planning, accounting, analysis and operational regulation of production. The planning and accounting period is a period of time (month, decade, etc.) for which planned tasks are formed.

Systems operational planning production is a combination of different methods and technologies planned work, which is characterized by the degree of centralization, the object of regulation, the composition of calendar and planned indicators, the procedure for accounting and movement of products and the design accounting documentation. This system is a set of methods and methods for calculating the main planning and organizational indicators that are necessary to regulate the course of the process of production and consumption of goods and services in order to achieve planned market results with minimal expenditure of economic resources and working time.

Work schedule

The main characteristics of any operational planning system include: acquisition methods calendar tasks subsection of the enterprise, interconnected work of workshops and sections, selected planning and accounting unit, the duration of the planning period, methods and techniques for calculating planned indicators, the composition of accompanying documentation, and others. The choice of one or another operational planning system in market conditions is determined mainly by the volume of demand for products and services, costs and targets, the scale and type of production, organizational structure enterprises and other factors.

The most widespread at present are: detailed, order-by-order and complete systems of operational planning and their varieties, which are used in many large domestic enterprises and foreign firms, as well as in small and medium-sized businesses.

In addition to the considered three operational planning systems, domestic enterprises use such subsystems as: planning by the cycle of product release, planning by stocks, planning ahead of time, planning by composition.

The main task of operational scheduling is to ensure the rhythm and uniformity of production.

Uniform production - production according to the schedule plan.

The rhythm of production - the production at regular intervals of the same volume of products at all stages production process. The ten-day method for assessing rhythm is that the planned and actual percentages are calculated and then compared by decades, the deviation from the planned percentage indicates the level of rhythmic or non-rhythmic work. Evaluation of rhythm is also carried out using the coefficient of uniformity of the production program:

To assess the rhythm of the work of subsections or enterprises, the coefficient of rhythm is used, calculated using the coefficient of variation. This coefficient shows only the uniformity of production without connection with the implementation of the plan, it is calculated at enterprises and in subsections of mass and large-scale production.

Calendar plan

Construction scheduleis a model of construction production, which establishes a rational sequence, priority and timing of work at the facility.

Construction schedule is an integral element of the organization of construction production at all its stages and levels.

The normal course of construction is possible only if the sequence of work is thought out in advance, the number of workers, machines, mechanisms and other resources required for each work is determined.

illiterate drawing up a construction schedule entails inconsistency in the actions of performers, interruptions in their work, delays in terms and, of course, an increase in the cost of construction. To prevent such situations and a calendar plan is being developed, which performs the function of a work schedule within the accepted duration of construction. It is obvious that the changing situation at the construction site may require a significant adjustment of such a plan, however, in any situation schedule content gives the construction manager the opportunity to clearly understand what needs to be done in the coming days, weeks, months.

Schedule Assignment consists in the development and implementation of the most rational model of organization and technology of work in time and space at the facility, performed by various performers with the continuous and efficient use of the allocated labor, material and technical resources in order to put the facility into operation within the standard time frame.

Types of calendar plans (schedules)

Share four types of calendar charts, depending on the breadth of the tasks to be solved and the type of documentation they are included in. All types of calendar schedules should be closely linked to each other.

Consolidated calendar plan (schedule) in POS determines the order in which objects are erected, i.e. the start and end dates of each object, the duration of the preparatory period and the entire construction as a whole. For the preparatory period, as a rule, a separate calendar schedule is drawn up. The existing norms (SNiP 12-01-2004 instead of SNiP 3.01.01-85) provide for the preparation of calendar plans in the PIC in monetary form, i.e. in thousand rubles with distribution by quarters or years (for the preparatory period - by months).

At the stage of development of the consolidated calendar plan, the issues of dividing construction into stages, launch complexes, and technological units are being resolved. The calendar plan is signed by the chief engineer of the project and the customer (as a coordinating authority).

Object schedule in PPR determines the sequence and timing of each type of work at a particular facility from the beginning of its construction to commissioning. Typically, such a plan is broken down by months or days, depending on the size and complexity of the object. Object schedule (schedule) is developed by the compiler of the PPR, i.e. by the general contractor or a specialized design organization engaged for this purpose.

Working calendar schedules usually compiled by the production and technical department construction organization, less often by line personnel during the construction and installation works.

Such schedules are developed not for a week, a month, several months. Weekly charts are most widely used. Work schedules are an element of operational planning, which must be carried out continuously throughout the entire construction period.

Purpose of Work Schedules on the one hand, detailing the object calendar plan and, on the other hand, a timely response to all kinds of changes in the situation at the construction site.

Work schedules are the most common type of scheduling. As a rule, they are compiled very quickly and often have a simplified form, i.e., as practice shows, they are not always properly optimized. Nevertheless, they usually take into account the actual situation at the construction site better than others, since they are compiled by persons directly involved in this construction. This is especially true for taking into account weather conditions, the specifics of the interaction of subcontractors, the implementation of various rationalization proposals, i.e. factors that are difficult to predict in advance.

Hourly (minute) charts in technological maps and maps of labor processes are compiled by the developers of these maps. Such schedules are usually carefully thought out, optimized, but they are focused only on typical (most likely) operating conditions. In specific situations, they may require significant adjustments.

Schedule Development Sequence

The order of development of the calendar plan is as follows:

Makes a list (nomenclature) of works.

In accordance with the nomenclature for each type of work, their volumes are determined.

The choice of production methods for the main works and leading machines is made.

The normative machine and labor input is calculated.

The composition of brigades and units is determined.

The technological sequence of work execution is determined.

Work shifts are set.

The duration of work and their combination are determined, the number of performers and shifts are adjusted.

The calculated duration is compared with the normative one and adjustments are made.

Based on the completed plan, schedules for resource requirements are developed.

Initial data for the development of the calendar plan

The initial data for the development of calendar plans as part of the project for the production of works are:

Calendar plans as part of the construction organization project.

Standards for the duration of construction or a directive task.

Working drawings and estimates.

Data on organizations participating in the construction, conditions for providing workers with builders in the main professions, the use of collective, team contracts for the performance of work, production and technological equipment and transportation of building materials, data on the available mechanisms and opportunities for obtaining the necessary material resources.

The work schedule is a table that displays all the types of work required to implement a particular project. In addition, the schedule shows the order in which the work will be performed and ties them to a specific date. IN standard projects indicates the period of time required to complete each type of work. It also contains information about what resources are needed at any stage of construction - basic materials, equipment and personnel.

Drawing up a calendar plan is the responsibility of the management of any organization in the construction industry. High precision and indication of all details future work in the schedule guarantees the high quality of the planned work. The creation of a calendar plan for the production of works belongs to the construction industry, however, knowledge of the principles of its preparation allows you to optimize the activities of any company.

Main functions

Drawing up a calendar plan for the production of works performs numerous functions:

The calendar plan of the work schedule allows you to develop a construction project for an object of any level of complexity, calculate the necessary financial, human resources, technical support. The development of such documentation during the construction of a specific object occurs on time, related to the order of execution construction works.

The plan sets specific tasks. They are divided into tasks of an independent nature, which can be performed outside the development of the plan, and of a dependent nature, which, without planning impossible to perform. The plan reflects the sequence and duration of the construction and installation work, installation works, electrical installation works, earthworks, finishing works.

Here are included the timing and sequence of all construction works, both general and special, which are necessary for the construction of construction projects. The schedule is drawn up taking into account the time required for the execution of each type of work, the composition and quantity of the main resources - people and equipment, as well as a number of individual factors are taken into account. It allows you to control the progress of work and coordinate the work of teams.

How is it compiled

How to draw up a calendar plan for the production of work, the head of any company whose field of activity is related to construction must know. Design has its own sequential execution plan. Initially, the selection of initial data takes place on the basis of a specific project, then the work is detailed, the production norms of labor intensity and material costs are determined.

Then comes the development of the original network model. His role is played by the schedule, consisting of the design, preparation, basic workflow and material equipment of each facility. They are broken down into stages, and the plan is put into operation.

After that, using the initial data, specialists develop local, more detailed graphs, and then the local and general network. The anchor points serve as the basis for their connection. The created plan is calculated and analyzed. At the final stage, it is optimized (corrected). The lower part of the graph shows how capital investments, and the labor force moves.

The processing of the following data is taken as the initial data:

projects to be completed by the organization;
directive tasks, standards for the duration of each construction stage;
working drawings and estimates;
data about companies, the number of people involved, financial resources, technical base.

The calendar plan is developed according to the following plan:

Construction example

Certain formulas are used to calculate network diagram parameters. In the calendar production plan two parts are used - calculation and graphic (linear, cyclogram or network).

Column 1 indicates the sequence of work, they are grouped depending on the types and periods. Due to the compressed volume of the schedule, the works are combined regardless of their performers. Parts that link the work of different brigades are indicated exclusively.

Columns 2 and 3 indicate the amount of work required. Uniform norms and prices provide a common nomenclature. The volume of specialized processes is determined by their cost (production or performance indicators).

Column 4 consists of the complexity of the work, and 5 and 6 - the cost of machine time. This uses the above units of measurement and takes into account possible productivity growth. It is also possible to use departmental norms and rates. To simplify the calculations, production cost estimates are used in the form of aggregated norms, taking into account the achieved production level.

By the time the plan is developed, the choice of production methods and the choice of equipment and mechanisms takes place, their intensive operation is taken into account, in accordance with productivity. Therefore, first, the duration of work is determined using technology, on which the constructed schedule completely depends, and then the duration of work performed by the manual method is established.

The duration of the work process using mechanized equipment is determined by a certain formula. From the number of machine shifts (can be seen under point 6), the figure obtained by dividing the number of units by the number of shifts per day is subtracted. The required amount of equipment is determined by the quantity and nature of construction and installation.

Execution time handmade also has a formula - the labor capacity is divided by the number of people involved in the work process. Column 8 indicates the number of shifts. If special technical devices, two-shift workflow is optimal. This figure depends on the requirements of a particular project and the period of its implementation.

Columns 9 and 10 indicate the number of workers and the composition of the team. Required amount depends on the complexity and duration of the work. At the same time, it is taken into account that the numerical and qualification composition does not change. Professions and qualification levels in one group are placed as rationally as possible.

The team is formed after drawing up an indicative set of works, in accordance with column 1, calculating their labor intensity, in accordance with column 4. Then they select necessary professions and discharges, their optimal combination is determined. The duration of the workflow is set, and the number, professional and qualification level of the workforce is calculated.

Method of development taking into account the reduction of construction time

Construction time is reduced by the method of ceiling-parallel and simultaneous construction and installation. If certain types of work are not related to each other, they are performed simultaneously. However, the workflow remains independent. If technologically there is between certain types of work, combined sections are performed together. At the same time, strict control over compliance with labor protection rules is necessary. For example, if installation and finishing are captured at the same time, finishing is done in the morning, and then the structures are mounted, or vice versa.

The calendar plan (schedule) is one of the main documents in the PIC and PPR. In the calendar plans, based on the volume of construction and installation works and the adopted organizational and technological decisions, the sequence and timing of the construction, as well as the necessary material and technical and labor resources. The terms of construction are established as a result of rational linking of the performance of certain types of work, taking into account the composition and quantity of the main resources, as well as the specific features of the construction of the facility.

Based on the calendar plan, they monitor the progress of work and coordinate the activities of performers. The terms of work calculated in the calendar plan are used as starting points in the development of more detailed planning documents: monthly and weekly-daily schedules, shift tasks.

Calendar plans are made for the construction of the entire facility or for the construction of individual structures included in this facility. The sequence and timing of work according to local schedules should be linked to the general calendar plan for the construction of the facility. The initial data for the development of calendar plans as part of the PPR are: calendar plans as part of the POS, standard or directive duration of construction, technological maps for road construction works, working drawings and estimates, data on possible executors of work (sections of senior foremen, foremen, foremen), composition of teams and their productivity, information on available mechanization facilities and opportunities to obtain the necessary material resources.

The calendar plan for the production of work consists of two parts - calculated and graphic, therefore such plans are often called schedules (Fig. 3.3).

Rice. 3.3. Calendar plan for the production of work on the construction of pavement and sidewalks

The development of the calendar plan begins with the establishment of a list of works (column I) performed in a certain technological and organizational sequence. Works should, if possible, be combined and enlarged so that the schedule is more compact and convenient. However, it is impossible to combine work performed by different performers, and in the complex of work performed by one detachment or brigade, it is necessary to single out the part that opens the scope of work for the next performer.

Then, according to the working drawings and estimate documentation, the scope of work is determined (columns 2, 3). The labor intensity of work (column 4) and the cost of machine time (columns 5, 6) are calculated according to the current planning and production standards. In urban road organizations, planning norms are widely used, drawn up for enlarged complexes of interconnected works.

The duration of work (column 7) is set, starting with the main road construction work, the rhythm of which determines the progress of the entire construction. This can be done if the methods of production of works were previously determined and the means of their mechanization were chosen. The number of shifts (column 8) is determined depending on the adopted technology for the production of work, the time of year, the availability of equipment, workers, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to strive to use the main construction machines not in one, but in two shifts.

Depending on the complexity and duration of the work, the number of workers needed to work during the shift and the composition of the team are determined (column 9). When calculating the composition of the brigade, it is assumed that the transition from one capture to another should not cause changes in the numerical and qualification composition of the brigade. The complex of works assigned to the team should provide for the organization of the uninterrupted operation of the leading machines in all technologically related operations.

The work schedule is a document on the basis of which construction is carried out at all stages, according to the established deadlines. Production planning is the main condition for organizing the construction and installation process.

Work schedule: purpose and features of compilation

At certain design stages, project organizational documentation (POS) and work execution (PPR) are drawn up, which also includes schedules.

Schedule for the production of works - a document that determines the timing, a clear sequence for the implementation of certain types labor activity, which establishes a relationship between them, taking into account the volumes, nature of the installation and construction process. As part of the POS, a calendar summary plan for the construction of the facility is drawn up, as part of the PPR - schedules for the production of work for each facility.

Calendar plan: appointment

Production planning is an integral part of the organization of construction and installation works at all levels and stages. Normal construction progress is possible only when everything is taken into account in advance: the sequence of tasks, the number of machines, equipment, workers, and other resources will be required.

Neglect of this paragraph will lead to inconsistency in the actions of the appointed performers, failures in the workflow, missed deadlines, and, accordingly, to an increase in the cost of installation and construction work.
Calendar plans will help to avoid such situations, since it is he who is a kind of schedule at all stages of construction. But, a systematically changing environment may require some adjustments, in addition, in any situation responsible person must clearly understand what he must do.

So what is the calendar for? Its main purpose is as follows:

With detailed planning of significant amounts of work, for the entire construction period, careful preparation is required, a selection of the optimal sequence of construction and installation works, their timing, number of participants, control of various factors. Therefore, various forms are used in construction. production planning, giving a real opportunity to optimize the process, to take into account the possibility of permissible maneuvers.

Scheduling production work: content

A calendar plan is developed at a specific construction site in order to clearly plan the stages of its construction, the course of the workflow, the number of employees, machines, and so on.

Calendar schedules for the object are compiled in the following sequence:

cost estimate analysis project documentation for a specific object;
determination of the nomenclature of mounting, construction processes to be included in the production plan;
calculation of the volume of planned work;
selection of production process methods, main machines, equipment;
calculation of labor costs required for the execution of individual installation and construction works, and
number of machine shifts;
determination of the duration of the execution of individual processes, linking them in time frames.

The initial information for the proper development of a work schedule is:

working schemes of a structure or building;
summary final estimate;
pre-construction project;
information about the order, delivery time necessary materials, various designs,
specialized equipment, the number and types of mechanisms planned for use, various machines, employees in the main professions;
technological reliable maps for heavy construction and installation works and simple technological schemes, tied to a specific object and the local situation of the object's construction.

That is, all the information contained in this documentation must be fully reflected in the workflow schedule.

Based on the calendar plan, the following should be developed:

schedule of daily need for labor force (by profession);
a plan for the daily need for the main mechanisms, machines (by size, type);
schedule of daily need for structures, products, semi-finished products.

Planning at the stage of drawing up project documentation should be given special attention.

Ensure that the schedule contains reliable information (otherwise it will not be used), accessible (for those employees who need it), detailed, clear.

Scheduling during construction: features

The calendar schedule for the installation of a single object (KP) is planned in the PPR section at the stage of creating a working package of documents. This is the main technical paper, according to which management is carried out, constant control over the course of the construction and installation process, all the work of subcontracting enterprises is controlled.

The deadlines set in the documentation are used as initial data: weekly-daily plans, various shift tasks.

The initial information in the preparation of the CP is:

calendar integrated schedule as part of the PIC;
construction period standards;
working estimates, drawings;
information about the technical potential capabilities of enterprises participating in the installation;
technological schemes for construction processes.

During the preparation of the CP, a nomenclature of actions is developed, their volumes are determined. Also, the process of creating a production schedule includes:

selection of methods for performing work and the necessary means of mechanization;
determination of the composition of the executive teams and the main links;
installation technological uniform sequence of execution of actions and calculation of the number of performers, budgeting;
determination of the duration of work processes and their relationship, if necessary, the number of performers is adjusted;
developing a basic needs plan for certain resources, the estimated duration of installation is compared with the standard indicators.

In the presence of simple typical TCs, it is necessary to clarify their binding to the conditions of the area and accept the information of the TCs in the form of calculated ones.

Features of scheduling during the construction of complexes

The objects of construction, including a complex of structures and buildings, include residential buildings, complexes municipal purpose and industrial organizations.

In the calendar schedule for the construction of entire complexes of structures, various buildings, as part of the POS, the terms are calculated, the order of installation of the main and additional units, buildings and stages of the workflow is determined with the distribution of all existing volumes of construction and installation work by the main installation periods.

The duration of the construction is regulated by the relevant norms for the duration of the installation and construction of industrial buildings. Provision of all stages of construction with material resources, design and estimate package of documents, labor and technical resources is carried out according to the deadlines in the required volumes, ensuring full compliance with the established standards.

In addition to the general period of construction of new and permissible expansion of existing organizations, the norms determine the total duration of the construction of individual complexes, entire industries and workshops.

Therefore, the schedule whole process, which makes it possible to simulate the main project and get the output the best option production schedule of works with optimal terms.

Properly planned and set tasks are the key to successful construction.

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