Insignia in the merchant fleet of the USSR. Insignia on the merchant fleet of the USSR Detachment of the II group

I have been asked many times about naval insignia - stripes on the sleeves, they say what they mean. Here are my hands, I'll tell you. No one can tell you for sure when naval officers first got sleeve patches. Somehow this story got lost. They agree that somewhere in the XIX century. There you go, a little blurry. Although I believe that the stripes appeared much earlier. And the reason for their appearance is this. The officers wore shiny epaulettes threaded with gold thread. During boarding battles, shooters were placed on the masts of sailboats, who easily distinguished enemy officers by the brilliance of their epaulettes. To avoid such a “shooting”, the officers took off their epaulettes for the duration of the boarding, and so that their sailors could distinguish between commanders, they tied a white officer’s scarf on their hands. I want to say that this maritime tradition, which came from sailboats, is best preserved in the civilian fleet - either shoulder straps or sleeve patches. And in the Navy, apparently for beauty, they were united - they wear both shoulder straps and sleeve patches at the same time. The upper stripe of naval patches is curved in the form of a round or diamond-shaped loop (this tradition has not been preserved in the Navy either). And the reason for the presence of a loop is as follows. In 1797, in the battle of Santa Cruz (Canary Islands), Rear Admiral Horatio Nelson, commander of the English squadron, lost his right arm. The following year, he won the battle of Aboukir, destroying the French fleet, in connection with which he was invited to a gala reception by the Queen of England. Nelson ordered to tie the empty sleeve of the uniform and lower its end into his pocket - it turned out something like a loop. Since then, on the sleeves of officers of the British Navy, and later of other countries, such a loop appeared - the “Nelson loop”. So, to the insignia. In our fleet there are 4 ranks (shtkrmans) and 14 ranks, that is, positions. The Minister of the Navy of the USSR (by position) was in the rank of Captain of the Sea. There was a naval Table of Ranks, according to which certain stripes corresponded to each position. I want to say that in 1017 the pre-revolutionary Table of Ranks, first introduced by Peter I in 1722, was canceled. However, the new authorities could not come up with anything better, and gradually we returned to such a Report Card. (by the link, by the way, there is information about the modern Russian Table of Ranks). Now, as you know, there is no Minister of the Navy in Russia, since there is no civilian fleet as such. They plundered. Therefore, I will give the official categories and stripes as of 1977, they were used until the very collapse of the USSR. So, as I said, there were 14 job categories, plus the Minister (a category without a number).

Ship ranks, as well as in the ground forces, are assigned according to how much the soldier has the ability and desire to take charge of the area entrusted to him. All ranks of the Navy are significantly different from similar land ranks. This is due to a number of events that took place in the history of Russia.

The main changes have been:

• In 1917, in connection with the revolutionary events.
• In the period 1922-1991 during the existence of the Soviet fleet.
• At the time of the creation of the state of Russia.

All modern naval ranks can be divided into 4 general categories: conscripts, junior officers, senior officers, senior officer ranks.

Naval epaulettes were introduced in 1802. At this time, shoulder straps appeared on the shoulders of the sailors of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets.

In 1917, shoulder straps were abolished when the Soviet government abandoned the old imperial system. They were replaced with sleeve patches. The sailors had a long struggle for the right to wear epaulets on their shoulders, but in 1943 the epaulettes of the Navy again began to decorate the uniforms of the personnel of these types of troops.

Now the shoulder straps of all military personnel of the navy are black. The difference in ship ranks is in the location and number of distinctive signs on them.

Conscripts

In Soviet times, service in the ranks of the navy was 3 years, so many conscripts tried to avoid such a long service. They were hiding from the draft, just not to get into the fleet. Currently, the Navy is called to serve for 1 year, as well as in the ground forces.

However, due to the fact that in 2017 a decree was issued regarding military service in the ranks of the Navy, conscripts will no longer undergo it on ships and submarines. This is due to the fact that the Navy is moving to a contract basis.

In order to train personnel, more time is needed than allotted for conscription service. Conscripts will serve exclusively in the Coast Guard or in the Marine Brigade.

Naval ranks and epaulettes in the Navy are assigned according to a certain period of service. All conscripts getting to serve in these troops receive the rank of sailor, which corresponds to the rank of private in other types of troops. During the service, if the sailor proves himself, then he can be assigned the next rank in the sailor's career, senior sailor, which is in the ground forces.

Sailors can be:

• radio technicians;
• minders;
• steering.

Extract from the order of the Federal Agency for Marine and River Transport dated December 5, 2013 No. 84 “On approval of uniforms, wearing rules, insignia, norms and procedures for providing clothing items (uniforms), including uniforms, for students of federal state educational organizations subordinated to the Federal Agency for Marine and River Transport"

VIII. INSIGNIA OF OFFICIALS

8.1 The insignia of officials of the Federal Agency for Fisheries are divided into:
a) sleeve insignia;
b) shoulder signs;
c) breast patches.
8.2. In accordance with the position to be occupied, the following insignia of officials of the Federal Agency for Fisheries have been established:
15 job category - 1 wide and 3 medium galloons;
14 job category - 1 wide and 3 medium galloons;
13th job category - 1 wide and 3 medium galloons;
12 job category - 1 wide and 2 medium galloons;
11 job category - 1 wide and 1 medium lace;
10th job category - 1 wide galloon;
9th job category - 4 medium galloons;
8 position category - 3 medium galloons;
7th job category - 2 medium and 1 narrow galloon;
6th position category - 2 medium galloons;
5th job category - 1 medium galloon;
4th job category - 4 narrow galloons;
3rd job category - 3 narrow galloons;
2 position category - 2 narrow galloons;
1 job category - 1 narrow galloon.

IX. DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES OF INSIGNIA

9.1. The insignia of officials of the Federal Agency for Fisheries are:
a) sleeve insignia:
b) shoulder marks:
Shoulder insignia is a removable block made of black woolen fabric, on which insignia of gold galloon are sewn on by official categories.
Shoulder insignia are located on the shoulders when wearing a uniform woolen jacket, tropical suit, shirts and women's uniform blouses. It is allowed to wear a shoulder badge with a white field on a white shirt (blouse).
Shoulder insignia dimensions: length 14 cm (for women - 12 cm), width 5 cm. Shoulder insignia are made removable and fastened with a small uniform button.
The width of the galloon: wide - 3 cm, medium - 1.3 cm and narrow -0.6 cm. Clearance between galloons 0.3 cm.
The upper lace forms a loop in the form of a rhombus horizontally sized: for a medium lace - 4.5 cm, for a narrow one - 4 cm.
On the shoulder insignia are placed: for the 14th official category - a large emblem of the Federal Agency for Fishery, and for the 15th official category - a large emblem of the Federal Agency for Fishery framed by two laurel branches superimposed on galloon stripes in the lower part of the shoulder strap according to the figure.
Shoulder insignia of enlisted personnel do not have galloon stripes.

THE TABLE OF STAFF OF MARINE TRANSPORT EMPLOYEES FOR WHICH THE UNIFORM OF CLOTHES AND SIGNS OF DIFFERENCE ARE ESTABLISHED BY OFFICIAL CATEGORIES.
10.1. FLEET.
10.1.1. Transport self-propelled, dry-cargo, passenger and oil tankers of long-distance and short-range navigation, transport railway and car ferries, icebreakers, rescue vessels (with a capacity of more than 2000 hp), hydrographic (over 1000" GRT) and training vessels, transport tugboats long-distance navigation

Senior mate, first mate, chief (senior) mechanic, assistant captain for training
Second mate, captain's mate for the passenger section, senior operating engineer, hydrological engineer, second mechanic, electrician for general electrical equipment, senior electrician, electric radio navigator engineer, head of the radio station
Third mate, third mechanic, second 5th electrician, second electrician for general ship electrical equipment, refrigerator mechanic, first radio operator, passenger service administrator, assistant captain for the fire department
Fourth mate, fifth mate, mate for housekeeping, fourth mechanic, third electrician, fourth electrician, third electrician for general ship electrical equipment, repair mechanic, crane mechanic, ship systems mechanic, radio mechanic, electric radio navigator, second radio operator, boatswain

10.1.2. Small-sea transport towing vessels, rescue vessels (power less than 2000 hp), long-range transport non-self-propelled vessels, hydrographic vessels (less than 1000 GRT).

10.1.3. Transport non-self-propelled vessels of small navigation, tugs, ferries, boats and boats, self-propelled dry-cargo and tankers of the port and service-auxiliary fleet, floating self-propelled cranes and loaders

10.1.4. Boats, motor boats, motor boats with low power engines, non-self-propelled dry-cargo and tankers of the port and auxiliary fleet, non-self-propelled cranes and loaders

10.1.5. Self-propelled dredgers of the technical (dredging) fleet

Baggermeister Captain
Senior assistant bagermeister, senior assistant captain, senior (chief) mechanic
Second mate bagermeister - second mate captain, second mechanic, senior electrician
The third assistant bagermeister - the third assistant to the captain, the third mechanic, the second and third electromechanics for general ship electrical equipment, the head of the radio station
Fourth mate bagermeister - fourth mate, fourth mechanic, fourth electrician, head of the radio station, boatswain, radio operator

10.1.6. Non-self-propelled dredgers, self-propelled dredger scows of the technical (dredging) fleet

10.1.7. Branch ships, non-self-propelled scows of the technical (dredging) fleet

10.1.9. floating docks

10.2. SHIPPING COMPANY.

10.2.1. Head of shipping company
10.2.2. Deputy head and chief engineer of the shipping company, head of the fleet department as part of the shipping company (on internal self-support)
10.2.3. Deputy Head of the Fleet Department; head of the service: transportation and movement of the fleet, port facilities and sea routes of the ship economy, navigation, icebreaking fleet and Arctic operations, logistics, commercial, technical, maintenance of the transport fleet; head of the department: personnel, organization of work with foreign sailors, technical, second; chief: dispatcher, navigator, technologist, head of HEGS, assistant to the head of the shipping company for safety
10.2.4. captain mentor
10.2.5. Head of the fleet management department, deputy head of the service, department specified in clause 3 of the section; head of: electro-radio navigation camera, crew reserve base, fleet maintenance base, department in service; chief specialists in the services specified in paragraph 3 of the section; senior marine inspector, mechanic-mentor
10.2.6. The head of the sector in the service specified in paragraphs. 3 and 5 sections, senior deviator, marine inspector, group dispatcher engineer, group mechanical engineer; seniors: fleet dispatcher engineer, HEGS engineer, passenger service engineer, port facilities engineer, personnel inspector (engineer), technical department engineer, safety engineer; head of the radio center, radio station, head of the cabinet
10.2.7. Fleet dispatcher engineer, personnel inspector (engineer), passenger service engineer, HEGS engineer, safety engineer, deviator, deputy chief and chief engineer of the radio center, radio station
10.2.8. Fleet dispatcher, senior operator of the fleet traffic control room, dispatcher (shift dispatcher), head of the city ticket office, senior cashier of the city ticket office
10.2.9. Cashier and duty officer of the information bureau of the city ticket office

10.3 MARINE DEPARTMENTS.

10.3.1. Head of Department
10.3.2. Deputy Head and Chief Control Engineer
10.3.3. Chief navigator, captain-mentor
10.3.4. Head of the service: transportation and movement of the fleet, ship management, navigation, logistics, maintenance of the transport fleet; assistant head of department; head of department: technical, second, personnel; chief dispatcher, head of HEGS
10.3.5. Deputy head of the service and department specified in clause 4 of the section; seniors: deviator, group mechanical engineer; seniors: fleet dispatcher engineer, marine service engineer, marine inspector, technical department engineer, safety engineer, personnel inspector, mechanic-mentor
10.3.6. Head of the electro-radio navigation chamber, safety engineer, deviator, fleet dispatcher engineer, personnel inspector
10.3.7. Fleet dispatcher, senior fleet traffic control room operator, dispatcher (shift dispatcher)

10.4 SEA PORTS.

		I cat.	II cat.	III cat.
10.4.1. Port manager
10.4.2. Deputy Head, Chief Engineer of the Port
10.4.3. Harbor Master
10.4.4. Head of department: mechanization, cargo and commercial work, assistance to the head of the port for safety, chief dispatcher, head of the port fleet; head of the section: communications, cargo area, oil loading area, cargo and passenger port point, sea terminal hall, deputy harbor master
10.4.5. Senior pilot
10.4.6. Senior: inspector for the investigation of ship accidents, dispatcher, safety engineer, captain of port supervision deputy: chief dispatcher, head of department, unit specified in paragraph 4 of the section, shift supervisor of port supervision, deputy head of the sea station
10.4.7. Pilot
10.4.8. Dispatcher, chief inspector and port supervision inspector, head of the passenger port point, safety engineer
10.4.9. Sea station attendant

10.5. SEA ROUTES AND DREDGING DEPARTMENT.

10.5.1. Head of Department
10.5.2. Deputy Head and Chief Control Engineer
10.5.3. Bagermeister - captain-mentor, head of the dredging caravan
10.5.4. Head of the service: ways, mechanic-ship; head: technical department, marine inspection; assistant to the head of the safety department; head of technical department
10.5.5. Deputy head of the service and department specified in clause 4 of the section; head: sea channel, track distances; mechanic-mentor, senior safety engineer
10.5.6. Head of the party, marine inspector, group mechanical engineer; deputy chief: sea channel, track distances; deviator, safety engineer

10.6. EXPEDITIONAL SECURITY, RESCUE AND UNDERWATER TECHNICAL WORKS (ASPTR) TEAM.

	Detachment of the 1st group	Detachment II group
10.6.1. Squad leader
10.6.2. Deputy Chief and Chief Engineer of the Detachment
10.6.3. captain mentor
10.6.4. Head of Department: Chief Mechanic, Emergency Rescue and Towing and Ferry Operations, Head of the Territorial Group of the Detachment, Mechanic Mentor
10.6.5. Deputy head of the department specified in paragraph 4, head of the coastal base; senior: diving specialist, foreman, marine inspector; senior engineer: for underwater technical, ship-lifting, underwater explosive and emergency rescue operations, for safety
10.6.6. Fleet Dispatcher, Diver Master, Diver Instructor, Safety Engineer

10.7. HYDROGRAPHIC BASES.

10.7.1. Head of hydrographic base
10.7.2. Group captain, captain-mentor
10.7.3. Deputy chief and chief engineer of the base
10.7.4. Head: pilot service, expedition, detachment, party, electro-radio navigation camera; mechanic-mentor, group mechanic, senior engineer of the ship supervision service for the prevention of pollution of the Arctic seas; deviator; senior dispatcher, head of the lighthouse 1st class, senior pilot
10.7.5. Deputy head of the expedition, detachment, party, head of the pilot watch, lighthouse II and III classes; senior: dispatcher, safety engineer; topographer; pilot

10.8. REGISTER RF.

10.8.1. Register Office Director
Deputy Director
Chief Engineer
Department head
Deputy Head of Department, Chief Specialist
Lead, senior engineers
10.8.2. RF Register Inspectorate Head of the Basin Inspectorate
Deputy head of the basin inspectorate, head of the inspectorate
Deputy Head of Inspectorate, Chief Engineer-Inspector
Senior Engineer-Inspector
Inspector Engineer

10.9 STATE SELF-SUPPORTED MARINE TRANSPORT ASSOCIATIONS

10.10. ADMINISTRATION OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE.

10.11. V / O "SOVSUDOPODEM".

10.12. B / 0 "MORPASFLOT".

10.12.1. Association Chairman
10.12.2. Deputy Chairman of the Association
10.12.3. Head of department: operation and commercial work, passenger service, operation of the local passenger fleet
10.12.4. Assistant to the chairman, head of the central maritime cash desks
10.12.5. Deputy heads of departments specified in paragraph 3 of the section
10.12.6. Senior Economist for Ticket Operations, Senior Dispatcher for Passenger Operations
10.12.7. Passenger operations manager
10.12.8. Senior ticket clerk, cashier of the central maritime ticket offices

10.13. HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

10.13.1. Head of School, Rector
10.13.2. Deputy head of the school, vice-rector, head of the educational department, head (dean) of the faculty, head (head) of the department, professor of the department, head of the research department, head of the branch of the school, institute
10.13.3. Deputy head (dean) of the faculty, head of the personnel department, head (head) of industrial practice, deputy head of the branch of the school, institute, head of the educational and consulting center, head of educational workshops, associate professor, senior lecturer, head of graduate school, academic secretary
10.13.4. Lecturer, educational master
10.13.5. Floating Practice Inspector
10.13.6. Laboratory assistant, commandant, boatswain

10.14. SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

10.14.1. Head of the school, director of the technical school
10.14.2. Deputy head of the school, deputy director of the technical school, head (head) of the specialty department
10.14.3. Head of physical education, head (head) of workshops, head (head) of industrial practice, chairman of the cycle commission, head (head) of the educational and consulting center, deputy head of the specialty department, senior teacher
10.14.4. Head of HR Department, Master of Industrial Training
10.14.5. Laboratory assistant, commandant, boatswain

10.15. NAVIGATION SCHOOLS.

10.16. B/0 SOVFRAKHT.

10.17. THE CENTRAL APPARATUS OF THE MINISTRY OF THE MARITIME FLEET.

10.17.1. Minister	14 with coat of arms
10.17.2. Deputy Minister
10.17.3. Member of the Board
10.17.4. Head of Department, Main Maritime Inspectorate, Head of Office
10.17.5. Deputy Head and Chief Engineer of Management, Deputy Head of the Main Marine Inspectorate, Office; chief navigator of the MMF; Deputy Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council; head of independent department, assistant minister
10.17.6. Deputy head of an independent department, head of a department in the department and in the Main Maritime Inspectorate, Assistant to the First Deputy Minister, Scientific Secretary of the Scientific and Technical Council, Deputy Head of the Department, Leading Inspector of the Main Maritime Inspectorate
10.17.7. Deputy head of department in the department, chief specialist, assistant to the deputy minister
10.17.8. Lead Engineer of Management: operation of the fleet and ports, technical operation of the fleet and shipyards; Lead Safety Engineer

One of the most important components of the sea power of the state is the navy. The service of sailors of the commercial, fishing and research fleets is in many ways similar to the service of military sailors. During the Great Patriotic War, mobilized civilian ships successfully carried out patrol service, transported military cargo, landed amphibious assault forces, and performed other tasks. And many former captains, after a short retraining, commanded surface ships and submarines. That is why on the dress uniforms of some officers, next to military awards, the signs of sailors of the navy are also visible.

In the post-war years, new badges of a sea captain and a mechanic of the first category were introduced. The basis of the sign of the sea captain is an oval made of an anchor chain, in the center of which is placed a vertically placed Admiralty anchor. A golden sextant is superimposed on the anchor spindle, and the sign itself is crowned with a golden hammer and sickle. The badge of a mechanic of the first category is distinguished by the fact that instead of a sextant, a three-bladed propeller is also placed on it, also of golden color.

In 1979, the sign "Marine Inspection" was introduced. It was introduced in order to increase the role and responsibility of employees of the Ministry of the Navy, who are called upon to carry out inspections of ships and departments of the department on issues of ensuring the trouble-free operation of the fleet. The right to wear this sign was granted to officials of the Main Maritime Inspectorate of the Ministry of the Navy, shipping services of shipping companies, port captains and their deputies in the performance of official duties in the established uniform. The badge was worn on the right side of the chest. The regulation on the badge provided for the obligation of each employee to ensure the safety of the received badge.

Transferring it to another person was prohibited. In the event of a transfer to another job not related to the navigation inspection, the employee lost the right to wear this badge and had to hand it in at the place of receipt. Each sign has its own serial number, which is applied on the reverse side of the sign. On the reverse side there is a screw with a nut for attaching the badge to clothing. The sign is a circle framed by a rope.

In the center of the circle is depicted a vertically placed Admiralty anchor with the coat of arms of the Soviet Union superimposed on its spindle. Along the perimeter of the sign is the inscription "Marine Inspection of the MMF". The sign is painted with white and blue enamels.

To popularize and promote the experience of advanced captains and chief mechanics, in 1979 the Ministry of the Navy introduced the badge "For accident-free work." This badge was awarded to captains and chief engineers who ensured trouble-free operation of ships for a long time. As criteria for the duration of work, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years were chosen. In accordance with the regulations on the badge, it was presented by the head of the shipping company on behalf of the Minister of the Navy. This badge is worn on the right side of the chest or below the badges "Honorary worker of the navy" and "Honorary polar explorer".

The badge "For trouble-free work" was made of brass. The basis of the sign is a pentagonal radiant shield. In the center of the lower part of the sign for captains is a stylized steering wheel, and for mechanics - a gear. In the steering wheel (gear) a recess is made in which the bar is located. It has numbers showing the number of years of trouble-free operation (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30). The surface of the plank is covered with red enamel, and for the sign "30 years" the color of the enamel is chosen to be darker. In the center of the badge on a blue background, the inscription "For trouble-free work" is engraved, and on the bar "MMF" - 5 (10, 15, 20, 25 or 30). The badge is attached to clothing with a screw and a flat nut.

The first batch of badges "For accident-free work" was awarded in 1979. Among those who received the badge "For trouble-free work" for 30 years were captains V. Kalinin (Black Sea Shipping Company), A. Borodin (Baltic Shipping Company), P. Gaidelis (Estonian shipping company), senior mechanics G. Ermoshkin (Black Sea Shipping Company), B. Boyko (Baltic Shipping Company), D. Golyshkin (Sakhalin Shipping Company), etc.

The basis of the pre-war badge "Honorary worker of the navy" is an oval framed with laurel branches. The oval depicts a sailing steamship and is engraved with "USSR". The oval is superimposed on a vertically placed Admiralty anchor, on the butt of which a red five-pointed star is superimposed. At the bottom of the badge are two red ribbons with the inscription "To the Honorary Worker of the Marine Fleet". On a later sign there is an image of the globe with the territory of the Soviet Union, on which "USSR" is stamped. The state flag flies over the globe. In the center of the sign is a modern liner, below which the inscription "To the Honorary Worker of the Marine Fleet" is embossed on a red ribbon. The lower part of the badge is framed by the legs of the anchor.