How do farmers earn. Where to start farming? Farm business plan

Today, the agricultural business is supported by the state in every possible way - many entrepreneurs have turned their attention to this niche. The benefits of running your own farming enough - a huge sales market, quick payback, obtaining consistently high profits. Of course, many difficulties will also await the beginner - but they are quite surmountable if you correctly organize your activities.

Our business valuation:

Starting investments - from 50,000 rubles.

Market saturation is average.

The complexity of starting a business is 7/10.

How to become a farmer from scratch in Russia?

Here, as in any other area of ​​business, you will need to draw up a business plan. This is especially important if you start using borrowed funds to organize your activities.

Entrepreneurs who decide to start a business in the agricultural sector have many opportunities for business development - it can be either a small family livestock farm or a large agricultural complex. But in order to minimize any risks, start small - it is worth expanding the business only if you have “free” finances and accumulated experience.

Peasant farming is a commercial structure aimed at attracting income from the production and further sale of agricultural products. Not many in our country large enterprises– “capacity” for the full filling of the market, definitely not enough. Everyone has every chance to take a strong position in a niche.

Opening your farm from scratch will be beneficial for the following reasons:

• Now there are special state programs designed to financial plan help start-up entrepreneurs. Getting a subsidy is quite difficult - you have to collect a lot of papers, provide a business plan for the farm. But it becomes for many entrepreneurs a great start to a promising business.
• The population is interested in acquiring quality natural products– confidence in domestic products is growing.
• Your farm will bring consistently high profits, as food prices rise every year.
• Due to the sanctions imposed on the import of products from European countries, Russian market is experiencing a shortage of farm products - the demand is huge.

When thinking about how to organize a farm from scratch, do not forget about the pitfalls that may await you on the path to success - despite all the advantages of the direction, there are risks. Agricultural business is a direction where profitability largely depends on external factors. You can lose half your crop due to drought or pest infestation. The livestock sector has its own problems - for example, epidemics of diseases, due to which half of the animals raised can die. Farming involves a significant share manual labor- especially it concerns family business, When wage labor not used. Therefore, it is worth preparing for hard work.

Have you already decided for yourself “I want to start farming”? Approach the matter thoroughly - carefully study the direction in which you will work in the future. If possible, be sure to visit the operating farms to see everything in practice.

What line of business to choose?

How to start a farming business? The first step is to choose the direction of further activity. It is on this that all further stages of organizing your own economy will depend. There are several profitable "formats" of agricultural business:

• Crop production - cereals, vegetables, fruits and berries, herbs.
• Cattle breeding - pigs, sheep, cows, rabbits.
• Poultry farming - chickens, turkeys, pheasants, geese.
• Fish farming - sturgeon, trout, carp.
• Beekeeping.
• Cultivation of mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, champignons.

Thinking in which direction and how to start a farm, it is worth conducting a market analysis. Choose niches that are in demand in your area with minimal competition - it will be easier to succeed in business. Equally important is the amount of available finance - some areas will require significant investment, while others can be mastered with a minimum of costs.

It will be easier for a beginner to open a farm for breeding chickens or geese, pigs or rabbits, growing berries and fruits, mushrooms. The products that you will receive in the process of activity are in demand in the market. In addition, these directions are easy to learn and inexpensive.

How is the registration of a business in the field of agriculture?

Many private farmers operate without registration - significant savings on regular tax payments. If you plan to raise several cattle on your own suburban area, at first, you can do without setting up a business. But in this case, you can only sell products to private buyers - even local markets will not let you in without the appropriate documents.

Farm registration will be required in without fail if you plan to sell in the future finished products wholesale buyers. Register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. You are registered with tax office, register with Rosportebnadzor and SES. If we talk about the marketing of products of animal origin (meat, eggs), finished products must regularly undergo veterinary checks before marketing.

Financial costs for organizing a business

Is farming profitable? Definitely, yes - given that the organization of a business in some areas requires a minimum of costs. For example, to start breeding chickens in your own summer cottage, you need no more than 50,000 rubles. Therefore, without having at your disposal impressive amounts of money to open a large farm, start small.

It will be quite difficult to indicate the exact figure of investments - it all depends on the chosen field of activity. But in any case, it is important to calculate all upcoming expenses in a business plan.

Make a list of what it takes to be a farmer. Investments will be required for the following needs:

• Plot rental. You will save a lot if you own land.

• Purchase of equipment and supplies. To work in any of the possible areas, you will need Consumables- this often becomes a significant expense item. Shovels and rakes, automatic sprinklers, greenhouses, feeders, buckets are just a small part of everything you need. In some cases, so that the finished product does not deteriorate while waiting for its buyer, you will need to buy refrigerators and freezers.
• Preparation industrial premises. Stalls, chicken coops, pigsties - the construction of "premises" will require money to be invested. Even when growing vegetables, fruits and grains, you will need to build a barn for storage finished products. If you do not need to comply with any special conditions when keeping animals or birds, you can build a barn yourself.
• Purchase of breeding stock, seeds. A farm from scratch, if you are organizing a business in the field of animal husbandry or poultry farming, will necessarily require significant expenses for the purchase of several heads of livestock or birds. For planting crops, seed material is purchased in required quantity. It’s not worth saving here - there is a high risk of buying sick animals or low-quality seeds.
• Purchase of feed, fertilizers. You will have to spend money on replenishing stocks of feed and fertilizer regularly. To save on variable costs, you can feed livestock with "homemade" food.

When thinking about where to start farming, be sure to consider ways to research Money to start activities. Great if you have your own savings. If the accumulated savings are not enough to start a business, you will have to take a loan from a bank or try to get a government subsidy.

Distribution channels for finished products

Become a beginner farmer if you consider possible risks and think through all the nuances, it's easy. It is difficult for a beginner to find wholesale buyers of finished products. Immediately establish cooperation with large networks supermarkets are unlikely to succeed - focus on small retail outlets and private buyers.

How much a farmer earns depends on the volume of sales of finished products. The better your distribution channels are, the more profit you will get.

We conclude - when thinking about where to start a farming business, monitor the market and already at the stage of drafting a project, start looking for wholesale customers interested in concrete form products.

When to expect the first profit?

How much do farmers in Russia earn? The exact indicator of profitability will depend on the “scale” of the business, sales volumes and the prices set for the product. Small farms from sales of finished products by the end of the season can have up to 500,000 rubles net profit. Some areas of activity (for example, raising chickens) generate income throughout the year. Home business, of course, will give less profit, since sales will be much less.

Despite the different size of investments, both animal husbandry and crop production pay off in approximately the same time frame. Over the next 9-12 months, you will invest in growing animals or crops. Only after slaughtering heads or harvesting do you receive revenue. In most cases, the first profit can be expected only after a year.

By knowing where to start farming, you can build a highly profitable farming business.

With plans it is even more difficult: so far only THOUGHTS OUT LOUD: to rent a hectare of 200-300 agricultural land for 3 years.
prepare the land - at the expense of the future harvest
fertilizers - at the expense of grain
no equipment - rent for grain
there are no warehouses - rent for grain or sell from the field.
there are no people - but how many do you need? I don’t know at least an agronomist and a technician-engineer + a couple of workers.
Also
up to 20 hectares are allocated for growing vegetables (potatoes, carrots, onions, etc.),
up to 20 hectares for animals (cows, chickens, quails, pigs, lambs, etc.)
there are still thoughts about a mini slaughterhouse, a greenhouse, a refrigerator, grain processing and sunflower oil and much more ... even produce biofuel) and pallets

Oh, a lot of writing, but I'll try to be brief:

1. Renting for 3 years is not enough, the risks are huge, the weather, force majeure, the ruble exchange rate, grain prices, etc. You won’t get anything back in 3 years;
2. The future harvest must be insured - this is also money;
3. Fuel and lubricants - they will fly a pretty penny, rent of equipment - too;
4. Selling from the field is not an option for large volumes, a warehouse is needed. In the case of grain, there is also a current, there is no option to trade from the field at all;
5. You need a couple of dozen people for 20 hectares of vegetables, not four, as you wrote;
6. 20 hectares of vegetables - it is necessary to establish sales in order to immediately deliver them to retail outlets from the collection;
7. 20 hectares for animals - except for sheep, it is cheaper to build a corral for them there. For the rest - utility buildings, winter maintenance rooms, etc. - a pretty penny;
8. Providing animals with feed - with 20 hectares you will feed a very small amount of industrial scale livestock, plus feed must be stored somewhere, therefore - again premises;
9. A mini-slaughterhouse is a good thing, but it makes sense in conjunction with the production of meat products on the spot. Now the reality is that in many places small businesses are simply not allowed to organize slaughterhouses, instead they are sent to a slaughterhouse;
10. Greenhouses are a good thing, on a scale of at least 20 acres of covered surface. But the costs are high here, plus mechanization is needed - once every few years to renew the earth inside, at least;
11. Biofuel - I can't say anything here;
12. Pallets or pellets? If pellets are a source of suitable raw materials nearby, it’s quite a small business. If pallets, that is, euro pallets, are also normal, but there it will be necessary to purchase equipment for one hundred to one hundred and fifty thousand: a good compressor, drum nailers, nails, hoses. Again - the premises and the sales market.

You can do anything, the question is in the exhaust. You were absolutely rightly advised - start with a dozen chickens. Just keep accurate estimates of the cost of feed, bedding, top dressing, etc. I think you will be very surprised when you understand what's what. Now, in order to compete with agricultural holdings, you need to have similar volumes and also be able to hide your conscience in your pocket. Well, or go in the direction of "eco" products.

Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. It is sometimes easier to earn money in the countryside than in the city. Combining different types agricultural production can be done at a relatively low cost.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. It's a whole system. It implies the existence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition - a well-thought-out system of regulation of costs and revenues.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who decides to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On the farmstead, you can engage in both crop production and animal husbandry. The main thing is to think over everything correctly and make a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and the rearing of animals will be required. Before you become a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near the places where cattle are kept.

Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about material and financial resources required by future business. Everything should be foreseen - from initial financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, organizing the territory of the farm, purchasing feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of IP.

Farming: activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and skin. In addition, no one will forbid to combine the cultivation of animals, crop production, fish breeding or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require proper quality care and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a closer look at exactly which directions can take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand in the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this direction seriously, you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow during the year with good care. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and fat.

For breeding, piglets of a month old are usually purchased. They are less prone to disease, adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pigsty) should be kept clean, insulated in winter period and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to the regime, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), products of meat and dairy origin and special compound feed for pigs. One piglet can be purchased for an amount of 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and livestock area. You can breed pigs by starting with the purchase of a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer, they are all able to eat grass. They need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For top dressing, horses are given oats, and cows are given compound feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat's milk is higher, since it belongs to delicacies.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding, both goats and sheep, is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in the field of agriculture.

rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits, or sheds. The choice of premises for maintenance is a private matter of the farmer. However, certain conditions must be met:

• Keep animals away from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Provide adequate nutrition.
• Do not forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large amount of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the season with concentrated dry food. For top dressing, hay and grass are quite suitable for them.

Fish breeding

Today this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investments. Such agricultural enterprises as fish farms are most often arranged on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be of various types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred species. Due to the need for a large area for the construction of a pond, the cost of this business may be overwhelming for a novice farmer.

Who can be most often found in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without top dressing. As it is taken bran, cake, feed.

Since about May, the fish have been fed on "feeding tables", which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of the pond will require at least four of these "feeding tables" for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from the apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The place for the apiary is selected according to the principle of desertedness and remoteness from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives on 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter house). Beekeepers can buy hives or make their own. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and full-fledged families.

poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or exotic enough for our area. It's about about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowls, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to go into poultry farming? As the most unpretentious option, the usual cultivation of chickens is suitable. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is many times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then you should know that this is quite an expensive occupation, and most likely private buyers or restaurants will have to sell them.

To grow poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special aviaries insulated for the winter, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers buy couples for divorce, or in a certain amount young offspring that are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own merits and demerits.

To feed young chicks, you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Crop production has always been and remains one of the most important areas rural business. Indeed, in the diet of any person, vegetables, fruits and berries are an indispensable component. In addition, in farm conditions it is quite possible to plant flowers. The flower business has high profitability(from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. On them you can rent land, buy cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of greens and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, like potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to start growing greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Building them along with renting land will require enough serious investment. Seed costs are relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them yourself. The payback of vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get the first serious harvest. If you can't decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on seedlings for truffles. Much cheaper you can buy the basis for breeding champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to do strawberries, you can’t do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown outdoors. Such a business would require start-up capital about 100,000 rubles. Add to them another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown in a different way. For her, seedlings are purchased and the site is being prepared. They are engaged in it in the summer season, for the winter the bushes are added dropwise in order to protect against frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown on specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings, a special film for shelter for the winter. Harvest from young trees you will wait at best for next year. Business on fruits and berries is profitable at the level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

How to start a farm in legal terms? Every business needs to be registered, and agricultural business is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist in paying the state duty, notarizing the relevant application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the IFTS. Next, you need to wait for the issuance finished documents, go through the registration procedure in the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat, which will contain statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can take care of renting a land plot even before the procedure legal registration. The lease application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is considered, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. There you will need to call representatives of the land management organization. They will survey and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is put on the cadastral register, an appropriate passport is issued.

After that, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement is required.

The state will help us

In recent years, assistance to young farms has been a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can be from one to four million rubles. It can be designed specifically for the creation of a farm or have a one-time payment procedure for a household appliance.

This money is purposefully given to a novice farmer for renting or buying land, developing a project, acquiring the necessary equipment, conducting the required utilities, as well as buying materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can apply for such a payment

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and farms registration period of which is less than 24 months. At the same time, it is necessary to have an education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that need to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of costs with prices. Size own funds, which will need to be invested in this case, must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The person who receives it is obliged to create three or more jobs and spend the issued funds within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of the future business. Such support can be considered a wonderful way to solve the problem of initial investment. In the case when the payment is denied, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a loan for farming. In addition, it is possible various options government subsidies.

Summing up

The modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the minds of many (hard and dirty work, low-income and ungrateful). Today, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in growing animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the right microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Especially important is the financial support of the state in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the wide development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, as a rule, there are no problems with the sale of finished products.

Many people aspire to become a farmer.

Some - because they have long wanted to move to live in the village, others - because of their desire to have their own plot of land, and still others - see this status as a prospect for good earnings.

But whatever the reason for choosing, being a farmer is really profitable.

The relevance of the idea

First of all, it is worth noting that the crisis in interstate relations in 2014-2016. exposed the problem of Russian agriculture, comparing it with an unplowed field of black soil. Those. there is fertile ground for the development of the private sector in this area, but state support so far there hasn't been.

Up to a certain point in Russia there was a policy of free trading, in which they did not favor their own agricultural producer, giving preference to products of foreign origin. And the current turn towards protectionism is an opportunity, including for novice farmers.

The second fact, which testifies not only to the relevance, but also to the prospects of the farming business, is the wide opportunities for its directions. You can do it, you can livestock, grow seedlings or, etc.

And the third, indisputable, fact is the physiological need of a person for food. In other words, people always need food, and therefore the farming business will never lose its client.

Pros and cons of this business

The advantage of farming, first of all, is the off-season business. Therefore, one should always give preference to differentiated case management, i.e. those areas that will allow you to earn income all year round.

In addition, the choice of several types of agricultural activity at once makes the whole business more sustainable: if one direction brings a loss, then the rest can be highly profitable and less risky. It also makes it possible to engage in experimental and exotic areas for the area in agriculture.

Farming allows you to build several industries on one platform at once. For example, availability gives biofertilizer for greenhouses. If greenhouse products are not fully sold, they can be used (if allowed) as feed for pigs. This reduces costs and, accordingly,.

But the farming business also has their shortcomings, in particular:

• if a farmer is engaged in only one type of activity, then his entire business becomes highly risky;
• The weather is one of the worst enemies of agriculture. Therefore, in order to minimize its impact on the future harvest, farmers must have significant current assets to save their crops or animals;
• if you do not look for direct access to the buyer, the farmer runs the risk of selling his products at a low price, which may not even pay off the cost of goods;
• the constant rise in prices for fuel and fertilizers is a mandatory increase in the cost of the crop. Therefore, you should always look for options to reduce these costs.

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How to choose a branch of farming?

Do not think that you can engage in any kind of agriculture. The choice of one direction or another is influenced by many factors that will have to be taken into account.

Here are the main ones:

• weather and climatic conditions . First of all, they determine what the future farmer will do and how much investment he will need for this. For example, in the north-west of Russia, the climate is very changeable and insidious in the north. Therefore, it is difficult to do without greenhouses there. However, in this region one can perfectly breed cows, goats, etc., since in the northwest most of the territories are occupied by meadows and many reservoirs;
• remoteness from transport infrastructure . long distance from a normal road leads to an increase in the cost of agricultural products and complicates the process of its implementation. Therefore, it is worthwhile to immediately pay attention to this when choosing a site;
• nature of the terrain . It’s good if the farmer gets a flat meadow, but what if it’s a swampy area? Then you have to invest in order to raise such a site;
• soil quality . It depends on what the farm will be focused on. If the soil is sandy, then carrots and, not surprisingly, strawberries grow well in it. In the black soil, of course, almost everything grows. But there are cultures that love the poorer land. Therefore, this issue should be dealt with.

But still, what can you do? For example:

• crop production . It is very important that the territory allows, since many crops cannot be planted in the same place every year in a row, i.e. should be fertile. Moreover, it is necessary that the crops bear fruit as long as possible and as early as possible;
• growing berries . Here, too, variety matters. For example, there are species or strawberries that give a harvest by autumn and before frost, but in July they “doze”. Therefore, it is important that varieties are planted that will allow harvesting for a long time and without interruption;
• seedling cultivation . This is the real problem - seed germination. When the planting of the crop begins, it is like a lottery - it will sprout or it will not sprout. Therefore, seed guaranteed for germination can bring a large income. You can also add berry seedlings, shrubs, trees, etc. to this.
• mushroom cultivation (or mushrooms). Now there are technologies that make this business year-round. Moreover, you can even buy mushrooms from villagers for the purpose of drying, canning, or even for resale as raw materials to factories;
• animal husbandry . This sphere cannot do without a closed cycle. Those. if you are only engaged, for example, in the production and sale of milk, then this is not profitable. But if milk is used to produce cottage cheese, sour cream and other products, the business has expanded opportunities that make it more investment attractive and sustainable;
• beekeeping . This type of farming business requires knowledge. But if you deal with it on a large scale, you can attract experienced specialists to work. Moreover, bees are not only honey, but also wax, royal jelly, perga, propolis, etc. And this means that not only stores, but also manufacturers of cosmetics, medicines, etc. become customers of such an economy.

The main thing when choosing a type of agricultural activity is to remember the need to differentiate this business.

To learn how to get started to become a farmer, see the following video:

Small farm or big farm?

Very often, many farmers start small, since such an economy is less expensive, does not require solid investments, allows you to try your hand and take into account mistakes in organizing the business. Of course, one should not immediately expect big profits from such an economy.

But this option less risky:

• no need to hire labor - sometimes the efforts of one's own family and friends are enough;
• allows you not to depend on external investments. This is very important when making decisions and distributing profits. Moreover, investors always put pressure on the business, which often leads to its death;
• minimizes the tax burden;
• allows you to experiment.

However, a small farm is always limited in consumer audience and it is more difficult for it to get bank loans. And here large farm- this is immediately a jerk:

• such a business has fewer competitors in comparison with a small farm;
• below - what the family business does not have;
• with great pleasure they are given to him, since there is collateral;
• more likely to promote such an enterprise than a small family farm;
• production volumes are higher and more consumer audience.

However, a large farm means higher taxes and greater risk; it is the need to hire employees and, accordingly, social responsibility to them. In addition, such a farm requires machinery and equipment for its maintenance, since without them all work will become laborious and expensive. And this requires a solid investment in the business! As for the business, everything depends not on its scale, but on the promptness of the owner himself.

Business registration

If the farm is, then you will need:

• - issued in two identical copies, one of which will remain with the tax authority, and the other after registration will be given with a mark to the company;
• decision to establish an enterprise (if the founder is the only one) or (if there are two or more founders);
• application for business registration with the tax authority form Р11001;
• receipt of payment of state duty for registration of the company.

In addition, you will need to pay for the services of a notary to certify the signatures of the founders on the application.

You must immediately apply for the transition to a special regime within 30 calendar days after the registration of the enterprise or entrepreneur. Otherwise, the farm runs the risk of staying on, which is contraindicated in the initial stages of doing business. By the way, for agricultural producers there is a special regime - (chapter 26.1 Tax Code RF). This special regime also applies to legal entities and entrepreneurs. But his choice is voluntary.

For you will need:

• form statement;
• receipt of payment of state duty;
• a copy of the passport (or other identity document), if the documents are sent by mail. A copy is certified by a notary.

It should be noted that apply for registration both the future entrepreneur and the founders of the enterprise can:

• through the Russian Post;
• through a notary through telecommunication channels with the certification of a package of documents;
• directly to the tax authority (if a package of documents is submitted by a representative, then his authority must be confirmed by a notary);
• through the MFC.

When submitting documents for registration, the applicant must have a passport (or other identification document) with him.

Registration is ongoing 3 days from the date of receipt of all documents in the tax office. No licenses are required for agricultural activities.

Starting capital: where to get it?

This is the hardest part! The fact is that now banks do not provide loans for organizing a business, but issue them to existing firms.

So there are only four most likely options:

• attract an investor. This will require a guaranteed income;
• getting the usual consumer credit secured by property individual. But it is worth taking it only at the bank - the interest is lower;
• loan from friends or relatives. But such borrowing will necessarily require the conclusion of an agreement that will help to avoid claims;
• grant to start your own business. You should learn about its receipt by writing directly to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. You can do this through their official website. They respond quickly and in detail. It makes sense to ask, since there is a lot going on right now. The same letter can be sent to the regional authorities.

There are no other options for financing the new venture. If only to sell your own apartment!

A personal experience of receiving a farm subsidy is described in the following video:

How to sell products?

- this is something to think about right away.

As a rule, for farmers there is many implementation options your harvest, in particular:

• direct search for large, wholesale customers. These can be shops, restaurants and wholesale depots;
• participation in fairs. But they are not often held and are full of competitors;
• opening your own outlet. It could also be a store. farm products, and a small stall, or all together (which is much better).

The most important thing in promotion is advertising. But you should not immediately rush to its expensive types. Often flyers, Flyers and other similar ways of informing consumers are more effective and mobile than banners or even advertising in the media.

But promotion should be comprehensive, and the Internet should not be forgotten. Now the lion's share of communication between the seller and the buyer takes place precisely through Internet resources.

Farming is a lot of work. But it allows you to generate income. Moreover, at proper organization business and its promotion, this business is able to expand rapidly. Especially now it is very profitable to do it!

An example of a farm is presented in the following video:

Ilya Elpanov, the founder of Eat Village, failed to become a successful farmer, but he raised about 19 million rubles. investments and created a community of rural residents, from whom Muscovites buy food worth 8 million rubles a month.

Following Elon Musk's Tesla, a weather balloon with a set of village products went into space to "feed the driver of the electric car." This marketing campaign was created by the team of Ilya Elpanov, the founder of Eat Village. “So we showed that among us, rural residents, there are our own Ilona Masks, there are many of them,” the businessman says with a serious face.

Residents of Moscow and neighboring villages are not separated by space, but it is not easy to find products from small rural producers in the capital's markets and stores. Farmers can rarely provide the volumes and prices they are asked to retail chains and wholesale bases. Yelpanov, 26, decided to fix this by creating a marketplace for farm products on the Internet.

How it works

Eat Rustic is not a traditional online store. Prices are set by suppliers here, and the platform adds its own commission of 25-35%. On the page of each product there is a story about the farmer who grows and supplies it, as well as customer reviews. Farmers control demand: in personal account the site indicates how many units of products can be prepared this week. They help promote the product: they shoot photos and videos for social networks. According to Elpanov, the company sells not only products, but also the history of each farmer. Suppliers are responsible for labeling and delivering products to the company's distribution center in Dubna, from where Elpanov's drivers deliver parcels around Moscow and the region twice a week, on Thursdays and Sundays. When ordering up to 3.5 thousand rubles. delivery costs 249 rubles, from 5 thousand rubles. - for free.

Foxes and schoolchildren

In the summer of 2013, after the third year of the Faculty of Economics of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev, Ilya Elpanov and classmates went to the Kaluga region. The organizers of the art park "Nikola-Lenivets" then allocated land six wishing to engage in agriculture and about 1 million rubles for the purchase of animals and feed. But things did not go as smoothly as enthusiasts expected: foxes ate Yelpanov's geese, pigs of partner friends ran into the forest. Having washed out for several months and fixing 500 thousand rubles. losses, the students abandoned the venture. Elpanov decided that one should be born a farmer or spend 10-15 years to become a professional in this field.

Elpanov was a member of the Russian Economy Foundation, where serial entrepreneur Oscar Hartmann was his mentor. After the first failure, the mentor advised me to try myself in IT. Together with a friend, Elpanov began to develop an application for preparing schoolchildren for the exam in the form of a game called Smart Fox. In 2014, the startup received about $25,000 in investments from the Internet Initiatives Development Fund, but quickly went bankrupt. Monetization was built on the freemium concept, when the main service is provided for free, and for additional features you have to pay 1.5 thousand rubles. It turned out that schoolchildren actively use free functionality, but are not going to pay. When startups realized this, the money ran out, and exam preparation season was over.

Then Yelpanov decided to work for hire - he got a job at the Elementaree company, which delivers food by subscription. Over time, he took the position of head of the logistics department. It was here that he realized how to combine agriculture and IT.

village community

Yelpanov spied on the idea for a new business in Slovakia, where farmers sold products through an online store. In April 2015, he moved to the Tver region, to the city of Kimry, began collecting sets of village products from the local market and selling them to relatives and friends in the capital.

At the start of the business, the entrepreneur had 50 thousand rubles. This money was spent on the purchase of a site template in the Joomla constructor, a refrigerator and two thermal boxes for transporting products. At the start, Dmitry Zavyalov, the husband of Elpanov's sister, joined him. The rest of the friends were perplexed: how can you quit Good work in the capital and move to the provinces for an incomprehensible undertaking?

It quickly became clear that you would not earn much by reselling goods from the market, and the partners began to look for suppliers among farmers - they managed to find several producers of dairy products, poultry, vegetables and herbs. The assortment was limited, so at first Eat Rustic was sold grocery sets 2 thousand and 3 thousand rubles each. Partners spent 10 thousand rubles. for advertising in social networks and received eight orders. Their day began at 4 am, when they collected packages and personally delivered them to customers. Yelpanov decided that the goods should be delivered from the farmer to the buyer's house within 24 hours, which means that stocks cannot be created and delivery times must be limited - the products were delivered once a week, on Sunday.

The first parcels were collected in the kitchen in Elpanov's mother's apartment. For six months, the number of orders increased to 40 per week, and the entrepreneur rented a distribution center closer to the capital - in Dubna (75 thousand rubles per month are paid for 140 sq. m). Among the main buyers were women 25-35 years old with small children, people who follow proper nutrition, and those to whom rural parcels remind of childhood. “The taste of products is significantly different from what we buy in stores,” one of the customers, Dinara Mikhailova, told RBC.

It soon became clear that the business model with standard premises was failing. Some of the customers do not eat certain products and want to order something else. Therefore, in the spring of 2017, the entrepreneur decided to open a marketplace with a wide range of products (now it brings 60% of revenue).

It was more difficult to work in this format. One day, one of the dairy suppliers did not make an already ordered strawberry-flavored yogurt. Only 20 bottles were needed, but the farmer could not keep up. Elpanov somehow begged him to finish the game, and then personally came to him at 4 in the morning, having spent 2.5 hours on the road. “The cost of these cans was huge. But still, reputation is at stake, ”explains the entrepreneur. Then Yelpanov got into a truck and went to deliver parcels around Moscow.

There were difficulties connecting suppliers from Krasnodar Territory. For example, an entrepreneur sent a Gazelle to pick up Beijing cabbage, but due to heavy rains, they could not collect it. The car returned empty, Elpanov lost about 40 thousand rubles. Another time, on the way back, the engine broke down, the refrigerator stopped working - I had to throw away half the batch. Therefore, now most of the suppliers of "Eat the Village" are from the Tver, Moscow and Kaluga regions.

In his distribution center, the entrepreneur created a quality control system, which was set up by specialists from Azbuka Vkusa, who were recommended to Elpanov by Vladimir Sadovin, an acquaintance of the entrepreneur and the general director of Azbuka Vkusa. Now unscrupulous suppliers are fined in the amount of 1 thousand rubles. up to 50% of the cost of the party. But due to the large number of different suppliers, mistakes still happen: on average, in 15 orders out of 400. Company representatives personally tour the farms: they ask for receipts to find out where and when the food was bought, conduct laboratory tests and tasting commissions.

New farmers

For two and a half years, Elpanov visited 300 farms. The founder of "Eat the countryside" divides suppliers into three types: people who were born in the countryside and have been engaged in agriculture since childhood; entrepreneurs who are tired of the city and decide to make money on farming; and amateurs who have turned their dacha hobby into additional source income. More successful than others, according to the statistics of "Eat the countryside", are precisely the townspeople who decided to become farmers.

Dmitry Slavyansky is one of the first suppliers of Eat Rustic. agriculture he took up in 2014. Before that I tried myself in restaurant business, went from chef to manager. But Slavyansky was drawn to the ground: “It was always interesting to tinker in the garden. It's probably genes."

Started in 2014 growing mushrooms. But he did not calculate the expenses, the cost of products turned out to be higher than the market price. Then I decided to "fill my hand" on the greenery: I put the first greenhouse. Six months later, he grew 12 tons of onions per month, kept 28 people in the state. But by 2016, overstocking happened on the onion market - the entrepreneur received 1.5 million losses. “So much effort and money was invested, to say “everything, I failed” would not be in my rules,” recalls Slavyansky. The farmer leased 12 hectares 20 km from Tver and switched to growing lettuce, zucchini, radishes and seasonal greens. Sold to local restaurants. This business turned out to be profitable.

“We also had thoughts about delivering farm products to Moscow, we just couldn’t implement it,” says Slavyansky. At first, Eat Rustic received five to eight orders a week, but now the number is in the dozens. The company pays invoices once a week, and other wholesale buyers usually delay payments by a month. The farmer likes that he knows the buyers by sight: every week he looks at the page with reviews about his products. Slavyansky's revenue for 2017 amounted to about 10 million rubles. He does not disclose profits.

Another supplier, Vadim Roshka, received a higher spiritual education, in the 1990s he worked as a lawyer, and then as a traffic police inspector. All this time led subsidiary farm. Gradually, the income from it began to exceed the salary. In 2007, he quit his job and switched to farming in the Tver region - he breeds a large cattle(his farm has 150 cows) and produces dairy products. According to Roshka, it is not easy for a modern farmer. Electricity bills are rising, fuel is becoming more expensive, while milk prices are not changing. “So much has been done that there is no going back. We survive on enthusiasm,” says the farmer.

To stay afloat, he develops his online store, sells products through groups on social networks and is looking for new distribution channels. “For Eat Village, we have become the main supplier of dairy products - production volumes increased tenfold last year. We grow together,” the farmer explains. Revenue for 2017 amounted to more than 10 million rubles. He reinvests all profits in business development.

Along with the groceries, Eat Rustic customers receive a letter about how things are going in the village. Ilya Yelpanov also plans to install cameras with online broadcasts on farms so that buyers can check the origin of products.

5 billion for farmers

In Moscow, there are both delivery services for farm products and offline stores where such food can be purchased. The main competitors of Eat Rustic are LavkaLavka, Seasonmarket, MoscowFresh, Fresh, Two Sisters, etc. expert opinion, biggest player— cooperative LavkaLavka with a chain of stores and online delivery. According to LavkaLavka, the network occupies about 10% of the capital's market of farmers' products, the annual turnover of which is 5 billion rubles. However, according to Elpanov, the more retail players there are on the market, the more farmers will be able to supply their products to the metropolis and the cheaper their products will be.

Money on the table

The founder of “Eat Village” attracted the first investments in the summer of 2016 - 1 million rubles. in exchange for 8% of the company from business angels Grigory Rudanov and Vladimir Batishchev. According to Rudanov, Ilya impressed investors with his passion and determination. “The market has great potential because more and more people want to eat right. We see that farm products are in great demand. Ilya did a very humane service,” Rudanov explains.

In 2017, the company received another $300,000 for about 20% from LiveTex founder Vladimir Bakuteev and the Some Random VC fund. This money helped the company grow rapidly. The assortment has been significantly expanded: there were 150 items of products, now there are 800. The number of suppliers has almost quadrupled - up to 150. If at the beginning of 2016 the project's revenue was about 400 thousand rubles. per month, then by the beginning of 2017 - 1.8 million rubles, now - about 8 million rubles. According to Elpanov, the company has reached an operating payback, but he spends all the profit on the development of the project.

In 2018, Eat Village opened a new sales channel: now the company supplies products to hotels, restaurants and offices. “The guys promote values ​​similar to ours. They take the product seriously and work on bugs,” Anastasia Yefimova, co-owner of the Brick Design Hotel, explains the choice of supplier.

According to Yelpanov, 4.5 million residents of the capital prefer farm products, but in reality no more than 1% of potential buyers make online purchases. “Now farm products are quite expensive, but with the right business approaches and automation of work with suppliers, they will become available,” Yelpanov is sure.

View from the outside

"The phrase "farm product" no longer causes frenzied enthusiasm"

Alexander Goncharov, founder of the Mark and Lev farming cooperative

“There is nothing revolutionary about the idea of ​​delivery, but supporting the villagers is the right thing to do. True, I see a random selection of suppliers at Eat Rustic. We need to develop the territory where farmers live, as, for example, our Tula agrohub does. The phrase “farm product” no longer arouses frenzied enthusiasm among consumers, there is a stratification - some are looking for something that looks like a farm product, but cheaper, others are interested in the origin of the product, environmental friendliness needs proof.

“The main problem now is the heterogeneity of raw materials”

Pavel Paskar, CEO of food delivery service Grow Food

“I think the idea of ​​home delivery of groceries is very promising. Now the market is divided into a number of models: delivery of chopped ingredients, in which a person cooks himself according to a recipe, for example, Chefmarket, cooking in the retail itself, like in Azbuka Vkusa, subscription models, when food arrives ready, for example, Grow Food. This market is changing better side and growing. Leaders show good results, competitors follow them. Technology comes into our lives major cities where people do not have enough time, they outsource more and more processes. The market will continue to grow for another three to five years.

The main problem now is the heterogeneity of raw materials. Large companies forced to cook not from the best products. This affects the quality of the food. If you manage to make as few layers as possible between consumers and farmers, the better it will be from an economic point of view: both the goods will become cheaper and companies will become more profitable. Delivering farm products is an interesting idea.”