Animal world The Krasnodar Territory, located in the Western part of the Caucasus, is rich and diverse. Scientific data show that about a hundred billion birds live on our planet, only in the Krasnodar Territory there are 320 species of them. The largest and most powerful representatives of them are predatory.

Carnivorous, they have perfect hunting techniques and excellent flying qualities. Such birds are characterized by sharp eyesight, they have a sharp beak and muscular legs. Most of them (with some exceptions) are active during the daytime, since they have to look out for prey (from worms, fish, reptiles, small animals and even other birds). Some predators feed on carrion. Birds of prey have a hook-shaped (eagle) beak, around which is located a cere. Curved sharp claws are also characteristic, which, together with the beak, serve to capture and tear prey. In vivo predator birds they consume the whole prey, and the undigested remains are periodically thrown out through the beak in the form of pellets. Only a few of them eat plant foods.

Birds of prey are monogamous. They nest in trees, often occupying a ready nest. A pair usually nests in the same area each year. The number of eggs laid by the female is 6-7 in small individuals, and only 1-2 in large species.

Birds of Prey of the Krasnodar Territory

Birds are useful agriculture, destroying small pests and being a natural orderly. The kite, bearded vulture, osprey (an excellent fisherman), buzzard, griffon vulture (carrion bird), and golden eagle nest here. Some of them are protected from destruction and are listed in the Red Book.

A striking representative of predators in the region is the BORODICH, a representative of falconiformes. The wingspan of this bird is up to two meters and weighs about 6 kg. It has black-brown narrow wings, a long wedge-shaped tail and red eyes. In the Krasnodar Territory, it is a sedentary nesting species. Inhabits mountainous areas with rocky outcrops, mountain-steppe, forest or meadow spaces. Nests are located in gorges. The female lays 1-2 eggs, the nesting period lasts about six months. The bearded vulture feeds on carrion, is able to attack birds, small mammals. The number of bearded vultures in the Krasnodar Territory is only 9–10 pairs. Also here you can meet peregrine falcon, saker falcon, mediterranean falcon and chelgok, representatives of falcons. Catching them is prohibited, feeding grounds are organized.

A rare bird in the Krasnodar Territory is the RED KITE of light red color and curly tail. It nests in forests, near fields, using other people's nests. Very actively destroys mice and other small rodents, bringing tangible benefits national economy. Usually 3-4 eggs are laid, which are incubated by the female. When migrating, they gather in flocks.

Birds of Prey of the Krasnodar Territory are also rich in representatives of hawks - GOSHOWHOUSE and SHARROW. These are slender birds with short wings and an elongated tail. The beak of the hawk is hooked, the paws are long and clawed. Seeing the victim, the hawk rushes down like a stone and grabs it. They live in forests or shrubs, nests prefer to twist on tall trees. All hawks communicate using sound signals.

Another representative of birds of prey - Owl - is well suited for keeping in a cage. The tawny owl happily sits on the owner's knees, can sit or lie on them, making purring sounds reminiscent of a cat's purr. Only a tame bird behaves like this, which does not need anything. The bird, with which the owners do not communicate and she constantly sits alone in a cage, quickly runs wild again.

July 5, 2017

Kuban is a historical and cultural region in the southwest of Russia. More than three hundred species of birds live on its territory, some of them are listed in the Red Book. What species are found in this region? What birds in the Kuban are called kochet? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

Region Kuban

Kuban or Krasnodar Territory is located in the North Caucasus, covers the eastern coast of the Azov and Black Seas. This is a cultural and historical area, where unique household and cultural features have been formed.

There are even unique names for some animals. For example, do you know what kind of birds in the Kuban are called kochet? Petukhov. Most likely, the word appeared in Ancient Rus' from the word kdkot, and this latter, in turn, arose as an onomatopoeic word (ko-ko-ko).

There are many within the region natural areas- from steppes to subtropical forests and alpine highland meadows. Such diversity attracts a variety of animals. More than 80 species of mammals, about 10 amphibians, 20 reptiles and 300 species of birds live in the Kuban. Detailed descriptions some species of birds of the Kuban with a photo you will find below.

There are many small rivers and lakes in the region, including Abrau, the largest lake in the North Caucasus. The weather in the region is unstable and varies greatly throughout the year. In spring, rivers often overflow their banks, flooding their valleys.

The climate of the Krasnodar Territory is mainly temperate continental, and in coastal areas it is subtropical. Part of the region is occupied by coniferous and deciduous forests. In the region of Anapa and the Taman Peninsula, steppes with estuaries predominate. In the mountains, vegetation and conditions change with altitude. So, the zone with deciduous and coniferous forests gradually turns into an alpine meadow with short grasses and berry bushes.

The resettlement of birds in the Kuban

Steppes with lakes-estuaries and growing cereals, rivers, lakes, dense forests - all this attracts many birds. In the northern part of the Kuban, birds are represented by the families of passerines and crows, eagles and larks.

Estuaries and floodplains are a favorite place for birds. There are more than 200 species here. Many arrive only during the nesting season or during migration, but about a hundred species remain overwintering. Pelicans, eagles, herons, cranes, gulls, lapwings, geese and waders can be found in these areas.

The gull, plover, oystercatcher, diving duck, cormorant, and petrel settle on the sea coasts. Their diet is more exotic than that of the inhabitants of the estuaries. Seabirds of the Kuban can catch not only fish, but also rapans, crabs, shrimps.

Woodpeckers, thrushes, forest pigeons, wood pigeons, jays, orioles, goldfinches, owls and tits live in the forests. Among the birds there are also lovers of sheer cliffs, for example, the gray and rocky dove. Sparrows, swallows, blue rollers live in light forests, in low groves and floodplains.

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Birds of the Red Book of Kuban

Despite the large number of birds in the region, some species are quite rare, while others are completely disappearing. Birds of the Kuban, listed in the Red Book: loaf, White stork, belladonna, curly pelican, avdotka, black-headed gull, bald eagle, shelduck, small cormorant, oystercatcher, etc. There are 57 species in total.

Vulnerable species, the number of which is decreasing every year, are the pale chick, large lentil, curlew, bustard, Caucasian snowcock. Endangered species include golden eagles, bearded vultures, white-eyed ducks, rare - golden plovers, Caucasian grouse.

Of the 2,000 golden eagles living in Russia, there are only four pairs in the Krasnodar Territory. There are up to 7 pairs of white storks in the region, although in some periods more than a hundred of them arrive. Approximately 40 Demoiselle Cranes arrive from other places, only 8 pairs remain to nest.

The number of birds is decreasing both for natural reasons and thanks to man. Some species disappear due to lack of food, others die at birth due to long periods of bad weather. A serious factor is also poaching and sport hunting, the transformation of natural areas into agricultural land and recreational areas.

Pied Rock Thrush

The stone thrush is a small bird that lives in the highlands, as well as in the region of Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk. The females of the Spotted Thrush are modest in appearance and have grey-brown plumage. Males are bright, with blue feathers on their heads and orange breasts.

They settle at sea cliffs, in high-mountain meadows covered with grass, in light forests. They build their nests in rocks or the ground. They are vulnerable species. About 60 individuals of these birds remained in the Kuban.

Coot

The coot represents the waterfowl of the Kuban. It is similar in size to a duck and reaches forty centimeters in length. The bird is found in the steppe regions, in the upper reaches of the Kuban River. She prefers estuaries, river valleys and slightly saline or fresh lakes. Nests are built right in the water, in shallow areas or in reed thickets.

The body of the coot is dull black or dark gray, there is a small white spot on the head (the name comes from it). The bird's beak is also white, slightly compressed from the sides. The legs are yellow and the toes are long and grey, with broad webs.

In addition to the Krasnodar Territory, the coot lives in Asia, Africa, Northern and Western Europe, Australia and the nearest islands, in the Mediterranean and the Far East.

Curly Pelican

One of the endangered birds of the Kuban. In the region, the curly pelican settles in the region of the Taman Peninsula and the Eastern Sea of ​​Azov. Prefers areas with floodplains and estuaries. Currently, up to 70 pairs of pelicans live in the Krasnodar Territory. Their number is decreasing due to trapping, extermination, and water pollution.

This is a large bird with a body length of up to 180 centimeters. Its wingspan reaches 3.5 meters. Characteristic the pelican is its beak. It grows up to 50 centimeters in length. The curly pelican has a white color, on the head and neck the feathers curl like curls.

Mostly birds are kept in groups. They feed exclusively on fish, so they spend a lot of time on the water. They nest in reed beds or on small overgrown islands.

dwarf eagle

The dwarf eagle lives in the mixed forests of the coastal regions. This is a fairly common bird in the Kuban. The eagle can settle in the forest-steppe and steppe, and sometimes in coniferous forests. In the Krasnodar Territory, it inhabits the environs of Novorossiysk, Gelendzhik, Mezbay and Psebay.

The size of the bird is small. It resembles a buzzard hawk, but has characteristic eagle features. The tail of the dwarf eagle is long, the wingspan is 1.3 meters. The beak is curved and short.

There are two colors of plumage of these eagles. One is dark, brown-brown, sometimes reddish or golden. The other is light brown with a darkish bottom. A feature of birds is a large head and hairy strong legs.

little bustard

Little bustard - rare bird living only in the steppe. It belongs to the drofin family. The color of the bird is sandy or brown on top with black spots, the abdomen is white. During the mating season, the plumage of males changes - the neck becomes black with two white stripes.

The flight of a bird is peculiar. It seems that it trembles or trembles, making a whistling sound. Little bustards live in pairs and gather in flocks only before flying to wintering grounds.

In the Kuban, the bird nests in the Novopokrovsky region and on the Taman Peninsula, during the flight it occurs on the Black Sea coast. Due to hunting and the reduction of the area of ​​unplowed steppes, the population is rapidly decreasing.

Kwakwa

The common night heron is also called the night heron. She bears little resemblance to her family. Unlike other herons, her beak, legs and neck are not as long. Young birds have brown plumage. When they grow up, the color changes. The sides and abdomen become white, a black stripe stretches from the beak along the entire back. Several long white feathers grow on the back of the head.

The night heron settles near ponds with dense vegetation and in forests. It lives on all continents except Antarctica and Australia. It is not active during the day and can sit still for many hours. With the advent of dusk, she "comes to life" and begins hunting for frogs and fish.

Birds are considered the highest of vertebrates, they have feathers, and the upper limbs have become wings. They have access to the sky and most of their lives birds spend in flight. Perhaps the feathers have become wool, which once served as protection from cold and moisture, and now helps aerodynamics. However, feathers also have protective functions. The skin of birds itself is dry, it does not have sweat glands. Waterfowl species have one gland left, which secretes a special fat. It is located under the tail and helps them in swimming. Fat protects the bird's body from moisture penetration during swimming and diving.

bird species

One species with an interesting name - grebe, lives in the Krasnodar Territory itself. It is also called the big toadstool. Great grebe can be found in the dense thickets near the water, and ordinary people call grebe for the fishy smell of meat. The bird itself is beautiful - it is dark brown in color, with gray cheeks and a tuft of black and red feathers. Crested Grebe is a waterfowl that builds nests. Great Grebe takes care of the offspring and every time leaving the nest, hides it with plants. For the first time, she carries hatched chicks on herself until they grow up and begin to swim. It feeds on fish and shellfish.

Also on Kubina you can meet large cormorants - this is large birds loving estuaries. The cormorant has a long neck, shiny black plumage, large strong wings. He needs 1.5 kg of fish per day. In search of her cormorants dive and swim well.

Karavayka also lives in the estuaries near the Black Sea. Usually she is met in a willow. This is a beautiful brown bird with long beak. Prey on frogs and tadpoles.
Several types of herons live in the Kuban area - there are white, with a red color, yellow. There are also night herons, large and small bitterns. Herons do not stay in one place, they migrate seasonally, feed on fish, small animals, of course, frogs.
The pisun swan is also found in those places. An individual can weigh 13 kg. Known for his silence. The bird does not like to make loud sounds, in extreme cases, hisses, hence the name. Eats plants and small invertebrates, swims well.
The black kite is a frequent visitor to those parts. It is easy to recognize by its behavior: the predator is circling in the sky above the place of interest to it. The kite has a wide long tail, a small head and wide wings, with which it lazily moves in the air, catching the wind. Looks out for carrion, reptiles, rodents, can catch small birds.
The Caucasian pheasant lives in places near lakes or water bodies. He flies in emergencies. Strong long legs allow an important bird to move dexterously on foot. Nesting places are hard-to-reach thickets of various shrubs. Food - Colorado beetles, berries and insects.
Gray partridges are more fond of the steppes. They are small, up to 500g, no more. Dexterously move both on the ground and in the air. They chirp loudly, they are able to take off even vertically, without a run. Nests of partridges are located on the ground and sometimes rodents do not disdain to feast on their chicks, the same ferrets, for example.

Migratory birds Kuban

Migratory Birds Migratory birds are birds that migrate to warmer climes in winter. Migratory birds make regular seasonal movements between nesting and wintering grounds. Migration can take place over both short and long distances.

Lark The lark is a small bird that lives on the ground. On the ground they do not jump, but run. On the ground, they also nest, laying spotted eggs in the nest. Larks eat the seeds of plants and insects.

Duck The duck is a medium-sized bird with a relatively short neck. Plumage color varies. During the breeding season, males differ from females in bright colors. Most ducks molt twice a year.

Rook Rook - the feathers of the rook are black, with a purple tint. In adult birds, the base of the beak is bald. Rooks feed on worms and insect larvae, which they find by digging into the ground with their strong beak. They like to follow the tractors plowing the land in large flocks.

Crane Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Crane family pairs persist throughout life.

Swallow The city swallow is a small bird. It feeds on flying insects that it catches in the air. couples persist throughout life

Swan The plumage of swans in its color is either pure white, or gray or black. Swans are distinguished from geese by a longer neck, which allows them to search the bottom in search of food in deeper waters, as well as their size, according to which they are the largest water birds.

Starling Starling songbird. The starling has black plumage with a metallic sheen, sometimes with a purple, greenish or bluish tint. In winter, numerous white specks appear on the body. It has a wide range of sounds, which may include whistles, squeaks, meows, various noises and rattles. Able to imitate the singing of other birds.

Nightingale The nightingale is an inconspicuous gray songbird. Winters in Africa. It lives in bushes, in river valleys. Nests are built on the ground or very low, in bushes. The eggs are greenish or bluish speckled.

Heron Herons are shallow water birds. They live in swampy or slowly flowing water bodies. They stand motionless in the water and peer into the water, looking for prey.

This is interesting! In what order do the birds fly away? Insectivorous birds (Wagtail) are the first to fly away. Then granivorous fly away - those that feed on the fruits and seeds of plants (oatmeal, siskin, chaffinch). And later than all the ducks and geese fly away, they get ready to go when the reservoirs freeze, because these are waterfowl.

Yana Vasilyeva
Abstract of the lesson on ecology "Birds of the Kuban"

Abstract of the lesson on ecology on the topic"Birds of Kuban"

Target:

1. Clarify and expand children's ideas about birds of our region, about the features appearance, habits birds adapting them to their environment. Learn to recognize similarities and differences.

2. Raise interest and love for nature; caring, caring attitude birds.

Lesson progress

1. Opening remarks.

Guys, today I invite you on a journey where our friends are waiting for us. birds who live with us Kuban and we see them every day.

2. Travel.

caregiver:- our first station "Fortunetine".

- Guess riddles:

naughty boy

In a gray jacket

Drifting around the yard

collects crumbs

Children:(Sparrow)

caregiver: greenish back,

yellowish belly,

little black cap

And a strip of scarf.

Children:(Tit)

How did you guess? (the teacher shows pictures with the image sparrow and tit birds).

caregiver: What do you know about them?

The sparrow is small, brown, with black spots, the legs are short, the beak is thin, it cannot walk, but only jumps. Sparrows are clean, constantly bathe: in winter in the snow, in spring and summer - in puddles and dust (in this way they get rid of insects). In spring, sparrows build nests under the roofs of our houses. Kuban, feed chicks, they destroy many harmful insects, and also feed on bread crumbs and plant seeds.

Tit - lives in parks, gardens, forests on Kuban. They are very mobile birds. Fluttering from branch to branch, they hang upside down, swing with acrobatic dexterity, and hold on to the thinnest branches. Searching the narrowest cracks in the bark of trees, these birds they pull out insects hiding for the winter. They named her so for the song "si-si-si".

educator:- you need to collect a picture and find out what it is bird(woodpecker).

What do you know about this bird?

Woodpecker can be called handsome. His back is black, his wings are also black, his belly is white with black specks, and there is a bright red spot on his head, like a beret. The woodpecker has a large and strong beak, and its tongue is long to penetrate the gap in the bark and deftly get bark beetles and other insects from under the bark. For this, the woodpecker was nicknamed the doctor or orderly of the forest. A strong beak helps the woodpecker make a home for himself. It takes a woodpecker two weeks to hollow out a large hollow. In the spring, the woodpecker will have chicks in this hollow. They are born blind, fledgling. Parents will diligently feed them with midges, larvae of beetles and butterflies. But soon the chicks will grow up and begin to get their own food.

Surprise moment. A knock on the window, a letter appears on the window, the teacher takes and reads the verse.

Someone threw it to me through the window, look at the letter.

Maybe it's a sparrow flying, dropped it.

Maybe a cat lured a mouse to the window?

Educator. Guys from whom the letter came you would like to know? Then guess the riddle.

Riddle .: I am agile, light-winged, the tail is forked like a pitchfork. If I fly low, then the rain is somewhere close.

Children are a swallow.

The teacher reads the swallow's letter.

Dear Guys! A swallow is writing to you from a distant land. All migratory birds, wintering in warm regions, are in a hurry to return to their homeland. Here I am in a hurry to fly to you on Kuban. After all, there is my homeland! But I don't know when I can fly. I decided to ask you for help kindergarten. After all, there is no better friend than you for the birds.

Guys, please help. Let me know when I can return.

Your friend is a swallow.

Educator. Guys, you want to help the swallow figure out when she can fly to us on Kuban? What spring month?

Children - yes, we want.

Educator. Children, when birds return to their homeland?

Children - birds return in spring.

Educator. Let's remember where they fly birds in autumn when the cold comes.

Children. Birds fly south, to warmer climes.

Educator. Why are they flying away?

Children. There is no food for them.

Educator. So what time of year birds return to their homeland? What are these called birds?

Children. Migratory birds return in spring.

Educator. Why are air travelers returning? birds?

Children. The birds are coming back that there was enough food, insects appeared, you can find seeds, last year's fruits.

Educator. Which insects appear first?

Children. Those that hibernate under leaves, grass, bark trees: these are bugs, butterflies, flies.

Educator. When the first spring flowers appear, there are more insects - why?

Children. There is food for them, this is the nectar of flowers. Insects begin to multiply. They lay eggs. Caterpillars hatch from them in butterflies and larvae in beetles, flies, dragonflies.

The teacher offers to play: didactic game "What the bird?»

Children are divided into leaders and guessers.

Presenters choose illustrations with the image birds.

Leaders in turn (who is ready, without naming birds talking about her (size, color, habitat, what it eats). Guessers must name. Then the children switch roles (you can add more birds) . The game is repeated.

Our trip is over, did you like it? ? Children: Yes

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