Legal name organizations:
BRANCH OF OAO "GAZPROM" "SERVICE OF CORPORATE PROTECTION OF OAO "GAZPROM" IN MOSCOW

Region: Moscow

Legal address:

Organization leadership:
CEO Khomyakov Sergey Fyodorovich

Main activity (according to OKVED classifier)
Organization SERVICE OF CORPORATE PROTECTION "GAZPROM" carries out the following activities:
Investigation and Security
(Provision of other types of services)

Head company:
GAZPROM"

State registration information

OGRN (Main state registration number): 1027700070518

State Registration Authority:
Department of the Ministry Russian Federation for taxes and fees in Moscow.

reference Information

TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number): 7736050003

Form of ownership (in accordance with OKFS):
Joint federal and foreign ownership

Legal form (in accordance with OKOPF):
Representative offices and branches

Type of organization according to OKOGU classification:
open Joint-Stock Company Gazprom OAO Gazprom

Location of the organization

Organization address:
117420, Moscow, st. NAMETKINA, 16, bldg. 6

Company GAZPROM CORPORATE PROTECTION SERVICE: general summary

The main activity of the organization is indicated "Investigation and security" (when registering a company). Entity GAZPROM CORPORATE PROTECTION SERVICE is registered in the Moscow region at the address 117420, MOSCOW, st. NAMETKINA, 16, bldg. 6. The head of the enterprise is Khomyakov Sergey Fedorovich (General Director). The organization was registered on August 2, 2002 under the registration number 1027700070518 (OGRN) in the state body. registration Office of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties in Moscow.

• Information

GAZPROM CORPORATE PROTECTION SERVICE, Moscow

"GAZPROM" IN MOSCOW, BRANCH OF JSC "GAZPROM" "SERVICE OF CORPORATE PROTECTION OF JSC, OGRN 1027700070518

Types of activities of the organization

Tenders

• Provision of services for maintenance and repair of security alarm systems and video surveillance systems in 2017
  Starting price not specified.
• NVK-808 LOT No. 1 Purchase of video equipment
  Initial maximum price contract 2055841.57 rubles.
• Supply of material for video surveillance system
  The initial maximum price of the contract is 799019.88 rubles.
• Open auction No. 9060 UAE-MCC 16 for the right to conclude a contract for the supply of equipment and installation of video surveillance equipment
  The starting price of the contract is 4760653.33.
• The right to conclude a contract for the supply of cameras, mounts and racks-chassis
  The initial maximum price of the contract is 4200000.00 rubles.

• LLC CHOP "NEW GLASS TECHNOLOGIES-SAFETY"
  "NEW GLASS TECHNOLOGIES-SAFETY", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY PRIVATE SECURITY ENTERPRISE
  394030, VORONEZH, st. MIDDLE MOSCOW, 58
• OOO "CHOP "KEDR"
  "PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANY "KEDR", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
  142184, MOSCOW region, KLIMOVSK, avenue of the 50th anniversary of OCTOBER, 21A
• OOO CHOO "TURAN-R"
  "TURAN-R", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY PRIVATE SECURITY ORGANIZATION
  410005, SARATOV, st. PUGACHEVSKAYA, 147/151, of. 5
• OOO OP "S-TRADE"
  "SECURITY-TRADE", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
  344024, ROSTOV-ON-DON, st. TEKUCHEVA, 368
• OOO CHOO "TITAN"
  LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY "TITAN" PRIVATE SECURITY ORGANIZATION
  460018, ORENBURG, per. KRYMSKY, 99
• LLC "CHOP "VITYAZ"
  "PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANY UNIT OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION "VITYAZ", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
  368608, Republic of DAGESTAN, DERBENT, st. PRIMORSKAYA, 44
• OOO OP "TERMINAL"
  "TERMINAL", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY SECURITY COMPANY
  628400, TYUMEN Oblast, KHANTY-MANSIYSKY Autonomous Okrug - YUGRA, SURGUT, st. MAGISTRALNAYA, 36, apt. 76
• LLC CHOP "CONDOR VIP"
  "CONDOR VIP", PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANY
  355040, STAVROPOL, st. TUKHACHEVSKY, d. 7A
• OOO CHOP "CIVIL SECURITY"
  "CIVIL SECURITY", LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANY
  172345, TVER region, RZHEV, st. LENINA, 16

COMPANIES

TENDERS AND PURCHASING

• Provision of services for the use of part of the structures of pedestrian ground crossings for the placement of elements of peripheral equipment for television viewing systems, complexes for photo and video recording of the city of Moscow
• Reduction at the choice of the Supplier for the right to conclude an agreement on the creation of a video surveillance system for the building
• The right to conclude an agreement for the supply of mobile video broadcasting systems
• Implementation of construction and installation works, commissioning, materials, equipment under the title Creation of a CCTV system at facilities, incl. FEAST
• To perform construction, installation and commissioning works on the facility Integrated Monitoring Subsystem. Video monitoring and video analysis component. Video surveillance with video analytics APK Safe city on the territory of Gorno-Altaisk urban district
• Performance of work on the modernization of television video surveillance systems TSV in the amount of 2 units at the facilities
• Selection of an organization to perform work on the modernization of video surveillance systems and perimeter protection of a landscaped area
• Provision of maintenance and emergency repair video surveillance systems for the branch of Kaliningrad AO Oboronenergo
• Maintenance of video surveillance systems, video intercoms for the needs of the Smolensk branch
• Repair of CCTV equipment manufactured by PELCO, SONY, BOSCH, COMPUTAR, BARCO
• Supply of components of the ACS engineering and technical security system and video surveillance
• Supply of spare parts for the optical-electronic surveillance system

Kazan (Volga region) federal university

Institute of Management and Territorial Development

Department of Strategic and financial management

RESEARCH

in the discipline "Corporate Security Management"

Analysis of the corporate security of OAO Gazprom

Completed by: student of group 1498-2

Mingalimova G.G.

Checked by: Gabdullin N.M.

Kazan 2013

1. Characteristics of the enterprise JSC "Gazprom"

4. Determination of the index of raider suitability of the enterprise of JSC "Gazprom"

Analysis financial stability of Latvia gas company according to presented balance sheet

corporate security financial sustainability

1. Characteristics of OAO Gazprom

OAO Gazprom is a global energy company. The main activities are exploration, production, transportation, storage, processing and sale of gas, gas condensate and oil, as well as the production and sale of heat and electricity.

Gazprom sees its mission in the reliable, efficient and balanced supply of natural gas, other types of energy resources and products of their processing to consumers.

Gazprom has the richest natural gas reserves in the world. Its share in world gas reserves is 18%, in Russian - 70%. Gazprom accounts for 15% of global and 78% of Russian gas production. The company is currently actively implementing large-scale projects to develop the gas resources of the Yamal Peninsula, the Arctic shelf, Eastern Siberia and Far East, as well as a number of projects for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons abroad.

Gazprom is a reliable gas supplier to Russian and foreign consumers. The company owns the world's largest gas transmission network - one system gas supply to Russia, the length of which exceeds 161 thousand km. On the domestic market, Gazprom sells over half of the gas it sells. In addition, the company supplies gas to 30 countries near and far abroad.

Gazprom is the only producer and exporter of liquefied natural gas in Russia and provides about 5% of the world's LNG production.

The company is one of the five largest oil producers in the Russian Federation, and is also largest owner generating assets in its territory. Their total installed capacity is 17% of the total installed capacity of the Russian energy system.

The strategic goal is to establish OAO Gazprom as a leader among global energy companies through the development of new markets, diversification of activities, and ensuring the reliability of supplies.

2. Features of building an integrated security system for OAO Gazprom

An analysis of the gas market shows that in the coming years and decades, a significant increase in demand for gas is predicted, and hence the role of Gazprom as a modern energy company in the world market will increase.

In the context of growing demand for gas, the main strategic goal of gas industry enterprises is to increase efficiency and dynamic growth of production in the interests of consumers, improve its organizational structure.

Increasing requirements for the quality of information exchange and the level of its protection are determined, first of all, by competition in the gas and financial markets. The Gazprom Security Service also pays close attention to this issue. Of course, this is also dictated by production specifics. technological processes transportation and storage of gas, which imposes increased requirements for protection against " information terrorism» operational dispatch control systems.

It is appropriate to cite several facts confirming the relevance of information protection work - up to 6,000 attempts to infect Gazprom's data transmission networks with various viruses occur a year, all of which leads to long-term failure of automated workstations in the Company's corporate information system. Financial loss of time for downtime, labor costs for restoration, and taking into account possible lost profits, can amount to hundreds of thousands of US dollars.

In general, it should be stated that the threats of virus infection and threats from insiders continue to be extremely relevant for Gazprom's enterprises.

In accordance with the provisions of " special requirements and Recommendations on the Technical Protection of Confidential Information adopted by OAO Gazprom, its subsidiaries and organizations (STR-K) for management and implementation, the responsibility for ensuring the requirements for the technical protection of confidential information rests with the heads of divisions.

It is obvious that the provision information security requires integrated approach, which should be based on an information security system, including organizational (trained personnel and regulations) and technical (information security) components.

The main stages of creating an integrated information security system should be:

· organization survey.

The performance of work on the audit of information security can be both internal forces and with the involvement of a third-party organization;

· designing an information security system. (Performed based on the results of an information security audit);

· implementation of information security system.

It is carried out, as a rule, by a third-party organization with the participation of employees of the information security department to ensure quality control;

· maintenance of the information security system.

Technical support of the integrated IS system is carried out by a third party organization, and the operation and administration of security by the IS department;

· training of information security specialists.

Training is carried out in a planned manner according to the schedule approved by the Gazprom security system.

As a rule, a gas transmission company is a geographically distributed organization with a large number of branches and subsidiaries located geographically remote from the central office.

The information and telecommunications system of such an enterprise is territorially distributed and has the ability to interact with external information systems - federal executive authorities, subjects of the federation, local authorities authorities, as well as various open networks(Internet, Reuters, etc.).

Also at OAO Gazprom pays great attention to industrial safety.

The management of Gazprom considers the industrial safety management system, labor protection and environment an essential element of effective production management and declares its responsibility for the successful management of occupational risks related to the impact on the life and health of workers, equipment, property and the environment.

No considerations of an economic, technical or other nature can be taken into account if they contradict the need to ensure the safety of workers in production, the population and the natural environment.

Gazprom guarantees its employees decent and safe working conditions by strictly complying with license requirements to ensure industrial safety. Working conditions are constantly monitored, workplaces are attested, and a risk insurance program is being implemented.

To ensure a unified approach to industrial safety issues, all enterprises of the Gazprom Group apply "Policy in the field of industrial safety, labor protection and the environment<#"justify">3. Safety recommendations

After analyzing the information security of the enterprise, we can conclude that information security needs to be given great attention, because. OAO Gazprom is a very large enterprise. Therefore, it seems to me that in order to achieve protection, an effective solution of the following tasks should be provided:

· protection against interference in the process of functioning of the enterprise by unauthorized persons;

· protection against unauthorized actions with information resources enterprises of unauthorized persons and employees who do not have the appropriate authority;

· ensuring the completeness, reliability and efficiency of information support for the adoption management decisions enterprise management;

· physical security technical means And software enterprises and their protection from the action of man-made and natural sources of threats;

· registration of events affecting the security of information, ensuring full control and accountability of the implementation of all operations performed at the enterprise;

· timely identification, assessment and forecasting of sources of threats to information security, causes and conditions that contribute to damage to the interests of subjects, disruption of the normal functioning and development of the enterprise;

Thus, we can say that it is impossible to fully protect the enterprise from external and internal threats. But with such measures, one can achieve high level protection of OAO Gazprom.

4. Determination of the raider suitability index of an enterprise of OAO Gazprom

So, let's find the suitability raider index for Gazprom OJSC.

.The state is the owner of a controlling stake in Gazprom - 50.002%, i.e. less than half of the company's shares are dispersed among multiple shareholders. From this it follows that K1 = 0.5. (because dispersion is 25-51%).

.Fixed assets of the company = 3621565477 thous. rubles, balance sheet = 7433141940 thousand rubles.

K2= 3621565477/7433141940= 0.49=0.5. This means that the share of fixed assets in the balance sheet exceeds 50%.

.Accounts payable = 502161023 thousand rubles, balance sheet = 7433141940 thousand rubles.

K3 = 502161023/7433141940 = 0.067=0.1. This means that the company's accounts payable do not exceed the balance sheet and the economic condition of the company is stable.

.K4=0, because OAO Gazprom pays regular dividends to its shareholders.

.K5= 0.3, because industry profitability is more than 15% (i.e. 34%).

.K6= 0.3, because Gazprom's enterprises are located in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other regions.

So, for OAO Gazprom, the sum of the coefficients was:

K1+K2+K3+K4+K5+K6= 0.5+0.5+0.1+0+0.3+0.3= 1,7.

The maximum value that can be obtained if the company has all the maximum values:

K1+K2+K3+K4+K5+K6= 0.7+0.5+0.5+0.3+0.3+0.3= 2,6.

Thus, OAO Gazprom obtained a suitability raider index less than the maximum value (1.7<2,6). Это говорит о том, что вероятность враждебного поглощения компании минимальна.

5. Analysis of the financial stability of the Latvia gas company according to the presented balance sheet

Latvia gas (Latvijas Gaze) is a gas company in Latvia. Headquarters in Riga<#"justify">An analysis of the financial stability of the Latvija gas company was carried out according to the following scheme:

stage - the necessary documents were received from the company under study for 2011 - these are:

• balance sheet (form No. 1);
• income statement (Form No. 2);
• capital flow statement (Form No. 3).
• Stage 2 - the authenticity of the submitted documents is verified, i.e. All documents are signed by the head of the company and the chief accountant and have an electronic signature.
• Stage 3 - a preliminary analysis of the balance sheet was made in the form of compliance with the following indicators:
• sum of "total by sections" = sum of rows within sections;
• line 300 "balance" = line 700 "balance" = 7827957711 rubles;
• line 470 “retained earnings of the reporting year” (form No. 1) = line 170 “retained earnings (losses) of the reporting period” (form No. 2) = 2292965777 rubles;
• line 010 "authorized capital" (form No. 3) = line 410 "authorized capital" (form No. 1) = 118367564 rubles;
• all these conditions are met, which means that the submitted documents are drawn up correctly.
• Stage 4 - the assessment of the financial stability of the company is carried out according to the following scheme:
• line 010 "authorized capital" (form No. 3) should be less than line 200 "net assets" (form No. 3) and in fact it is, i.e.:

118367564 rub.< 6189150344 руб.

This ratio is provided for by the Federal Law "On Joint Stock Companies" and if we did not comply, then this indicated that the financial collapse of the company was possible.

.We calculate the autonomy coefficient, which shows how much the company is able to pay own funds with investors or shareholders when due, and must be at least 0.5.

· lines (590+640+650-490)/line 700 (form No. 1) = (6189150344+0+2134381-1003898769)/ 7827957711= 0.66>0.5

• 590 - "total for section III" = 6189150344 rubles;
• 640 - "deferred income" = 0;
• 650 - "consumption funds" = 2134381 rubles;
• 490 - "total for section IV" = 1003898769 rubles;
• 700 - "balance" = 7827957711 rubles.

Thus, the autonomy coefficient = 0.66>0.5, i.e. an increase in the autonomy coefficient indicates an increase financial independence companies.

.We calculate the coverage ratio, which shows how much the company is able to pay off all its assets for debts and must be at least 2.

· lines (290-230-244-252)/(690-630+640+650) (form #1) =

(2356823254-703918072-0-0)/(634908598-722068+0+2134381)= 2,59>0,2.

The names of the balance sheets are as follows:

- “total for section II” = 2356823254 rubles;

Accounts receivable(payments for which are expected more than 12 months after the reporting date) "= 703918072 rubles;

- "indebtedness of participants (founders) on contributions to the authorized capital" = 0;

- "treasury shares purchased from shareholders" = 0;

- “total for section V” = 634908598 rubles;

- "calculations on dividends" = 722068 rubles;

- "deferred income" = 0;

- "consumption funds" = 2134381 rubles.

Thus, the coverage ratio = 2.59> 0.2, which means that the company is able to pay off all its assets for debts.

We calculate the coefficient of efficiency of enterprise management, which shows how much profit falls on a unit of sold products

· line 050/line 010 (form No. 2) = 553268909/2486940618= 0.22

The line names are as follows:

- "profit from sales" = 553268909 rubles;

- “revenue (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (minus value added tax, excises and similar mandatory payments)"= 2486940618 rubles.

Thus, the coefficient of enterprise management efficiency = 0.22. Here we see an increase in the profitability of production, which indicates an increase in profitability and strengthening the financial well-being of the company.

So, the financial stability of the Latvia gas company is stable and the security service of OAO Gazprom can be trusted.

conclusions research work

After a study of the company JSC "Gazprom", we can conclude:

.The company's suitability raider index is less than the maximum value. This suggests that the likelihood of the OJSC being taken over by other companies is minimal.

.After analyzing the financial stability of the Latvian gas company according to the presented balance sheet, we see:

A) the company is able to pay with its own funds to investors or shareholders when the appropriate time comes, i.e. growth of financial independence of the company;

B) the company is able to pay all its assets for debts;

C) an increase in the profitability of production, which indicates an increase in profitability and strengthening the financial well-being of the company.

All this suggests that Latvija Gaz can be trusted and can remain a potential partner of OAO Gazprom.

Tutoring

Need help learning a topic?

Our experts will advise or provide tutoring services on topics of interest to you.
Submit an application indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.

Yuri Lavrukhin
Deputy Head of the Corporate Security Service of JSC "Gazprom" in the region complex systems security

About the main activities of the Gazprom Corporate Security Service in the field of integrated security systems, about measures to protect personal data, about the goals of the GAZPROMSERT voluntary certification system, the achievements of DOAO Gazprojectengineering, and also told the editors a little about himself, Deputy Head of the Service Yuri Nikolayevich Lavrukhin .

Yuri Nikolayevich, we are meeting with you on the eve of your anniversary. We congratulate you on this date. Please tell me a few words about your life path.

Thanks for the compliments! I was born in the family of a military man on July 17, 1959. I graduated from the radio engineering faculty of the Military Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky. Then he served in one of the research institutes of the Ministry of Defense.

In 1988 he defended his Ph.D. thesis in the field of technical protection of information.

Since 1994, he has worked in various positions in the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation (now federal Service for technical and export control), in 2000 he was appointed head of one of the departments of this structure.

In 2008, in connection with the de-militaryization of the FSTEC of Russia, he resigned from the Armed Forces and was invited to work in the Corporate Security Service of OAO Gazprom.

What are the main activities of the subdivisions of the Corporate Security Service of OAO Gazprom supervised by you?

Without going into details, I will list six main areas:

• development of targeted programs for the development of systems and complexes of engineering and technical means of protection (ITSO), information security systems (IS) of OAO Gazprom and its subsidiaries and organizations, participation in the formation of an investment program aimed at ensuring information and technical security;
• implementation of the powers of the customer of work on the development of information security systems, as well as ITSO systems and complexes;
• consideration and approval of budget requests and budgets for the implementation of measures for the development of information security systems, ITSO systems and complexes, as well as for the creation of IT in terms of information security systems;
• consideration and approval of design and pre-project documentation for the development of information security systems, ITSO systems and complexes, as well as terms of reference for the creation (modernization) of information systems, communication and telecommunications systems in terms of information security requirements;
• organization of work on conformity assessment of ITSO systems and complexes, systems for providing information security (as well as works and services for their creation) established requirements;
• coordination and control of performance of works on technical protection of information.

The work is very intense and interesting. A team of highly professional specialists, as well as previously accumulated knowledge and experience, largely helps to successfully solve the tasks ahead.

Please tell us about the work carried out by OAO "Gazprom" on the protection of personal data (PD).

Gazprom and its subsidiaries have created a system that ensures the protection of personal data. However, the adoption by the federal executive authorities of a number of normative legal acts in development existing laws and government regulations necessitates the improvement operating system PD protection. In the interests of solving this problem, a number of documents have been developed and are being coordinated within the framework of research work. First of all, these are the draft standards of the R Gazprom organization:

• "Methodology for classifying personal data information systems of OAO Gazprom, its subsidiaries and organizations";
• "Model of threats to personal data during their processing in information systems personal data of JSC "Gazprom", its subsidiaries and organizations".

These documents have been developed taking into account the requirements of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 17, 2007 No. 781 "On Approval of the Regulations on Ensuring the Security of Personal Data during their Processing in Personal Data Information Systems" in relation to the class of special systems, which include most of the ISPDs of JSC " Gazprom".

The standards are expected to be approved this year.

In addition, the "Regulations on the organization and technical support security of personal data processed in information systems of personal data of OAO Gazprom, its subsidiaries and organizations".

It should be noted that within the framework of the standardization system of OAO Gazprom, standards for the information security system have been developed, which will also allow solving the tasks of protecting PD processed in the information systems of OAO Gazprom.

Seven standards related to the information security system have been approved and are being put into effect this year.

The standards define the main requirements for building information security systems for OAO Gazprom and its subsidiaries.

The results of the work done will make it possible to more rationally use material, financial and intellectual resources, to form the necessary regulatory and methodological support, to introduce effective means protection and, as a result, ensure the security of personal data processed in the information systems of OAO Gazprom.

Please tell us about the GAZ-PROMCERT voluntary certification system.

The GAZPROMSERT system was created at OAO Gazprom by Order No. 10 dated February 6, 1999, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Certification of Products and Services".

In connection with the entry into force (July 2003) federal law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 "On technical regulation" and the adoption by the Government of the Russian Federation and federal executive authorities of a number of regulatory legal acts, in its development, changes were made both to the structure of the System and to the documents establishing the rules and procedures for the activities of participants voluntary certification systems. In addition, new documents were developed to ensure that the GAZPROMCERT system complies with the requirements of the legislation on technical regulation in the field of voluntary certification.

The main goals of voluntary certification in the GAZPROMCERT system are:

Certification of compliance of products, management systems, works and services with standards, terms of contracts and the GAZPROMCERT system, taking into account the peculiarities of the gas industry;

Confirmation of functional indicators, as well as product quality indicators declared by the manufacturer (executor);

Assistance to purchasers in the competent choice of products, works, services;

Increasing the competitiveness of products, works and services of organizations and subsidiaries of JSC "Gazprom" in the Russian and international markets;

Protection of consumers from dishonesty of the manufacturer (seller, performer).

In addition to the existing federal systems of mandatory certification, certification in the GAZPROMCERT system makes it possible to take into account the peculiarities of the equipment used and its operation, the specifics of work performed in the gas industry.

From May s. d. You have been elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of DOAO Gazprojectengineering. Could you say a few words about this organization?

Subsidiary open joint stock company "Gazproekt-engineering" is an organization with more than 40 years of experience in the field of building design. According to the developed projects, hundreds of industrial, energy, transport, social and cultural facilities were built. Currently a member of the Association design organizations"Gazprom", is a member of the Union of Designers of Russia.

The institute employs more than 600 highly qualified specialists in various fields of activity. DOAO "Gazprojectengineering" is a general designer in the field of designing complex security systems, including information security systems and engineering and technical security equipment. Over the past years, DOAO "Gazprojectengineering" has been among the leaders in the rating the best organizations construction complex of the Russian Federation, and in 2002-2003. the company was the laureate of the program "100 the best goods Russia" in the nomination "Services". engineering services.

The task before me and the management of the enterprise is to ensure its effective functioning in modern conditions.

What are the priority areas of activity of DOAO "Gazprojectengineering"?

First of all, this is the design of integrated security systems for facilities, enterprises of various industries with an emphasis on energy saving, environmental protection, as well as the provision of engineering services with turnkey delivery of facilities. In addition, the development of regulatory and technical documentation for the gas industry and software tools for organizations in the construction industry should be included among the priority areas.

In order to improve the coordination of work on the design of integrated security systems in OAO "Gazprom" in 2008, a branch of DOAO "Gazprojectengineering" was established in Moscow, the most important task of which is to perform work in the field of information security. As Chairman of the Board of Directors, in the near future I will try to strengthen this particular area of ​​activity.