Regulated financial analysis Audit Expert provides an opportunity to conduct financial analysis in accordance with methods, indicators, structure and form of reports which are regulated by various regulatory documents.

It is enough to choose the method you need and enter the initial data of the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Statement. When calculating, you automatically receive: analytical tables of financial indicators, as well as graphs and charts ready for inclusion in the report for each analytical table. For a number of regulated methods, expert opinions are automatically generated.

Cost Estimation Methodology net assets. Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 5, 1996 No. 71 “On the procedure for assessing the value of net assets joint-stock companies". Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 10n and Order of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market No. 03-6 / pz dated January 29, 2003 "On approval of the procedure for assessing the value of net assets of joint-stock companies"

Methodology for calculating the financial performance of the organization. Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation and the Federal Financial Federal Service of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2001 No. 211, 295 “On the Application of the Government Decree Russian Federation dated September 3, 1999 No. 1002"

Reporting of heads of SUE. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 1999 No. 1116 “On approval of the reporting procedure for heads of federal state unitary enterprises and representatives of the Russian Federation in the management bodies of open joint-stock companies”.

Analysis according to the FSFR guidelines. Order of the FSFR of the Russian Federation dated January 23, 2001 No. 16 “On approval of the “Guidelines for the analysis financial condition organizations"

Signs of fictitious or deliberate bankruptcy. Order of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation of October 8, 1999 N 33-r "O guidelines on the examination of the presence (absence) of the enterprise signs of fictitious or deliberate bankruptcy"

Conducting financial analysis by the arbitration manager. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 25, 2003 No. 367 “On Approval of the Rules for Conducting a Financial Analysis by Arbitrators”

Assessment of the financial position of the founders of credit organizations. Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of March 19, 2003 No. 218-P “On the procedure and criteria for assessing the financial situation legal entities founders (participants) of credit institutions"

Indicators of the financial condition of agricultural producers. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 30, 2003 N 52 "On the implementation of the Federal Law "On the financial rehabilitation of agricultural producers"

Determining the level of materiality
Earlier, the program implemented the now canceled order of the local government department and the decree of the Government of Moscow that was removed from control:

Assessment of FCD GUP "s. Order of the Ministry of Property of the Russian Federation dated May 26, 2000 No. 9-r "On Approval of the Approximate terms of reference to conduct an audit of a federal state unitary enterprise.

Complex analysis. Decree of the Government of Moscow dated October 6, 1998 No. 763 "On the procedure for conducting current monitoring and auditing the activities of business entities that have a share in the authorized capital of the city of Moscow."

However, in the course of work, you can use the coefficients and methods introduced by them. It is especially convenient to use such methods for state unitary enterprises and joint-stock companies.

The following programs can be used to analyze the financial and economic condition of an enterprise:

1. "INEK - Analyst"

"INEK - Analyst" is the oldest program of financial analysis. It has been around since 1991, has several thousand users, is recommended by the Bankruptcy Office, and so on. From the point of view of financial analysis, this is the most powerful system, primarily in terms of methodological content.

The use of the software complex "INEK - Analyst" allows for a comprehensive analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise in dynamics for a number of periods:

Horizontal and vertical analysis of liabilities and assets of the analytical balance sheet (relative and absolute changes in the structure of property and sources of its formation);

Profit and loss indicators (financial results);

Cash inflow and outflow indicators;

Performance indicators that characterize the profitability of operations and return on investment (profitability of operations and capital, turnover of assets and working capital elements);

Solvency indicators that reveal the ability of an enterprise to pay off current debts and the likelihood of its bankruptcy in the near future (coverage ratio, intermediate coverage ratio, urgent and absolute liquidity, self-financing interval, Beaver ratio, Altman index, etc.);

Adaptation to Russian economic conditions (in particular, taxation, accounting, reporting, inflation)

Openness and adaptability

Alt-Invest is an open source software product. The openness of the program means that the user has the ability to:

Choose and set necessary structure descriptions of initial data for calculations;

View the calculation algorithm;

Adjust the underlying calculation algorithm, based on the specifics of a particular project (enterprise);

Supplement the program with new tabular forms and indicators.

Tables and indicators added by the user become equal elements of the model, they are covered by all the service features of the program

If necessary, the mode of protection of calculation formulas from changes can be set.

Extensive modeling capabilities

When preparing the model, you can quickly adjust all the basic parameters:

Currencies used (calculations can be made in two currencies);

Time parameters of the project (start date, calculation step, duration;

List of products/services, cost items, funding sources;

Tax and economic environment

Presentation of calculation results

The program allows you to present the project in internationally recognized formats, offering a wide range of analysis results, covering various areas investment estimates:

Creation of predictive financial statements according to international standards (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement).

Analysis of investment efficiency from the perspective of various project participants

Assessment of financial solvency and calculation of financial indicators

Business valuation

Budget Efficiency Analysis

Remaining correct from the point of view of international standards, the program "Alt-Invest" is maximally adapted to the system of accounting and formation of financial results adopted in Russia. This significantly brings the calculation methodology closer to the realities of the Russian economy.

Flexibility, openness and exceptional opportunities for adaptation allow an expert analyst to create a unique model of a specific investment project on the basis of the Alt-Invest program and simulate its behavior in various conditions, in accordance with various scenarios.

Taking into account the specifics of the transition economy is one of the most strengths"Alt-Invest" program. The user has the ability to perform calculations in both constant and current prices. For calculation at current prices, a special block is provided that allows the expert to model various options development of inflationary processes. Settlements can be carried out both in single-currency and dual-currency mode, which allows taking into account changes in the exchange rate of hard currency in the domestic market.

Alt-Invest contains a sensitivity analysis block. Independently choosing variable indicators, the analyst can assess the degree of dependence of the project's effectiveness on possible changes. market conditions, rising prices for the necessary equipment, etc. For the decision maker, this information will help identify project risk areas and plan appropriate actions.

"Alt-Invest" takes into account the legislative features of the implementation of leasing operations, allows you to reflect both financial and operational leasing.

The Alt-Invest user can calculate the effectiveness of the project from the point of view of federal and municipal government agencies. This is especially true for projects applying for financial, organizational or strategic support from the state.

As a result of working with the Alt-Invest software product, the analyst receives a set of standard financial reporting forms, as well as indicators and ratios that comprehensively describe the project and allow it to be analyzed qualitatively.

In particular, the model generates such financial documents, as design Profit Statement, Cash flow statement, Balance. Additionally, a set of financial ratios is calculated - liquidity, turnover, sales profitability, etc. Investment performance tables include simple and discounted payback periods, internal rate of return and net present value, and the maximum loan interest rate that can be paid by the project.

Using the openness of the model, the user can independently create non-standard tables, build new diagrams, and calculate any additional indicators. Calculation results can be printed both in Russian and in English.

"Alt-Invest" is a set of interconnected spreadsheets within the Microsoft Excel package. This method of implementation allows the expert to study all the calculation formulas, trace the logic of generating results from the initial data, freely navigate the methodology and calculation tables. All this, of course, contributes to the professional growth of users.

6. "Alt - Invest Summ"

Alt-Invest Summ - a professional computer model for evaluation investment projects with the possibility of building a complete financial plan operating enterprise

Alt-Invest Summ is a computer model designed to evaluate investment projects of various industries, scales and directions. "Alt-Invest Summ" is especially convenient for evaluating projects implemented at an existing enterprise - the model allows you to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of several investment decisions, build an enlarged financial plan for an existing enterprise, assess the state of an enterprise taking into account investment projects.

The model allows assessing the state of the enterprise, taking into account investment projects in the following areas:

A set of indicators is calculated for each investment project: simple and discounted payback period, NPV, IRR, NPVR, maximum lending rate. The performance indicators for the selected group of investment projects are also determined.

Financial viability

For each investment project, a cash flow report is generated, which allows you to determine the need for each project and group of projects in sources of financing. The company's current account model without projects and the enterprise's current account model with projects allow you to determine the company's ability to finance projects at its own expense, as well as assess the need for borrowed sources of financing. When constructing lending schedules, previously attracted loans from an operating enterprise are taken into account.

Project implementation risks

Alt-Invest Summ allows you to simultaneously describe and evaluate from one to twenty investment projects. The description and evaluation of the effectiveness of each of the projects is carried out on a separate sheet - a sheet that repeats the appearance of the Alt-Invest model.

The model provides an opportunity to evaluate not only each project separately, but also the effectiveness of the total investment costs for a group of projects.

Entering the actual data of the Balance and the Profit Statement of an operating enterprise allows you to automatically generate a financial plan for an operating enterprise. The model can represent the future state of the enterprise only on the basis of the data of the actual reporting forms (such a need arises if there is no information about the long-term plans of the enterprise).

You can also make adjustments to the company's financial plan, setting changes in production volumes, costs, capital investments, transfer of existing unfinished investments to the balance sheet, service schedules for previously attracted loans. At the same time, important patterns are correctly taken into account - a change in the need for working capital with a change in production volumes, a change in depreciation charges when commissioning or selling permanent assets.

For each of the considered projects;

For the selected group of investment projects;

For an enterprise excluding projects;

For the enterprise, taking into account investment projects.

When building financing schedules, you can estimate the cash flow of each project separately, groups of projects, enterprises without projects, as well as the current account of the enterprise, taking into account projects.

Alt-Invest Summ has a wide range of options for choosing a calculation method. It is possible to perform calculations both in constant and current prices, to model various options for the development of inflationary processes.

Calculations can be carried out both in single-currency and dual-currency mode with the choice of the required currency of the results.

7. "Alt - Invest Prim"

Alt-Invest Prim - a software product for project evaluation based on aggregated project data

"Alt-Invest Prim 5.0" is a computer model designed for express evaluation of investment projects of various industries, scales and directions. The software product "Alt-Invest Prim" gives the user the opportunity to perform a preliminary assessment of the commercial viability of the project, using a minimum of initial information.

Conducting an express assessment means making calculations based on consolidated information about the project. First of all, this concerns the description of the current costs and investments of the project - their description does not provide detailed details. However, the methodology used in the calculations of "Alt-Invest Prim 5.0" is the same in relation to all software products of "Alt-Invest", which allows, despite the enlarged description of the initial data, to obtain accurate results.

"Alt-Invest Prim 5.0" is especially convenient for evaluating projects implemented at an existing enterprise - the model allows you to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of an investment project, build an enlarged financial plan for an existing enterprise and assess the state of an enterprise taking into account the investment project.

The model allows assessing the state of the enterprise, taking into account the investment project in the following areas:

Efficiency of investments (capital investments)

A set of indicators is calculated for the investment project: simple and discounted payback period, NPV, IRR, NPVR, maximum lending rate.

Financial viability

A cash flow statement is generated for the investment project, which allows you to determine the project's need for funding sources. The company's current account model without taking into account the project and the enterprise's current account model, taking into account the project, make it possible to determine the enterprise's ability to finance from its own funds, as well as to assess the need for borrowed sources of financing. When constructing lending schedules, previously attracted loans from an operating enterprise are taken into account.

Project implementation risks

Sensitivity analysis allows you to determine the boundaries of change in the initial parameters, at which the selected final indicators remain acceptable.

Entering the actual data of the Balance and the Profit Statement of an operating enterprise allows you to automatically generate a financial plan for an operating enterprise. The model can represent the future state of the enterprise only on the basis of the data of the actual reporting forms (such a need arises if there is no information about the long-term plans of the enterprise). You can also make adjustments to the company's financial plan, setting changes in production volumes, costs, capital investments, transferring existing unfinished investments to the balance sheet, and servicing schedules for previously attracted loans. At the same time, important patterns are correctly taken into account - a change in the need for working capital with a change in production volumes, a change in depreciation charges when commissioning or selling permanent assets.

The model forms three basic forms financial statements - Cash flow statement, Profit statement, Balance sheet, as well as a set of key financial indicators:

For a project;

For an enterprise without taking into account the project;

For the enterprise taking into account the project.

When constructing financing schedules, you can estimate the cash flow of the project separately, the company without the project, as well as the current account of the company, taking into account the project.

Focusing on a quick preliminary project assessment imposes a number of restrictions on the possibilities software product"Alt-Invest-Prim 5.0". This is the execution of calculations only in constant prices and the use of one settlement currency.

8. "Alt - Finance"

Alt-Finance is a professional system for a comprehensive analysis of the financial condition of an enterprise and its further development trends.

The Alt-Finance software product is designed to perform integrated assessment activities of the enterprise, identifying the main trends in its development, calculating the basic standards for planning and forecasting, assessing the creditworthiness of the enterprise.

Carrying out a detailed financial analysis and managerial interpretation of the results obtained will allow finding the optimal development path, developing a program for the financial recovery of an enterprise that is on the verge of bankruptcy, and substantiating an investment decision.

The openness and adaptability of the Alt-Finance software product provide the user with the opportunity to independently make changes to the program, taking into account their requirements or specific conditions.

The ability to predict the company's activities allows you to generate predictive financial statements and analyze the financial condition of the company in the future.

With the help of the software product "Alt-Finance", using the data of standard financial statements, you can analyze in the following areas:

Profitability analysis;

Liquidity analysis;

Profitability analysis;

Labor efficiency analysis.

The state of the organization in each of the areas of analysis is described by indicators and coefficients, which are calculated both on the basis of actual and forecast data. The results are presented in tabular and graphic form (diagrams). There is also a function of automatic formation of a text conclusion based on the results of the calculations.

By main financial indicators the program allows you to determine the values ​​that are optimal for the analyzed company.

The software product "Alt-Finance" uses the main methods of analysis:

- horizontal

- vertical

- comparative

- factorial

In addition, the user has the opportunity to conduct a factor analysis of changes in the overall liquidity indicator, return on equity and other indicators.

The software product "Alt-Finance" is used in the work of the largest enterprises, banks and commercial structures of Russia

9. "Alt - Finance Sums"

Alt-Finance Sum is a professional computer model for analyzing the financial condition of holding companies.

The Alt-Finance-Summ software product is designed to automate calculations during the analysis of the financial condition of a group of companies (holding). With the help of this program, on the basis of standard forms of financial statements - balance sheets (form No. 1) and profit and loss statements (form No. 2) of companies included in the group, a picture of the financial condition of the holding is formed:

Indicators are determined that characterize the retrospective financial position of a group of companies, trends and patterns of its development, bottlenecks that adversely affect the financial position;

It is possible to model the forecast financial plan of the holding - planned (or possible) changes in financial flows (changes in sales volumes, costs, investments, return and attraction of loans). According to the forecast financial plan, the forecast financial indicators are automatically calculated.

Financial analysis is performed on the basis of automatically consolidated financial statements of the companies included in the group.

The openness and adaptability of the Alt-Finance-Summ software product provide the user with the opportunity to independently make changes to the program, taking into account their requirements or specific conditions.

The user has the ability to perform financial analysis using both old and new forms of accounting. With the help of a specially written macro, the financial statements are automatically transferred from the old to new format.

With the help of the Alt-Finance-Summ software product, using the data of standard financial statements, you can analyze in the following areas:

Analysis of the structure of the balance sheet and the dynamics of its items;

Analysis of net working capital and cost structure;

Profitability analysis;

Liquidity analysis;

Analysis of financial stability;

Analysis of the turnover of assets and liabilities;

Profitability analysis;

Labor efficiency analysis.

The state of the group of companies (holding) for each of the areas of analysis is described by indicators and coefficients, which are calculated both on the basis of actual and forecast data. The results are presented in tabular and graphic form (diagrams). There is also a function of automatic formation of a text conclusion based on the results of the calculations.

According to the main financial indicators, the program allows you to determine the values ​​that are optimal for the analyzed holding.

The software product "Alt-Finance Summ" uses the main methods of analysis:

- horizontal- trend analysis, in which indicators are compared with similar ones for other periods;

- vertical- analysis, which examines the structure of indicators by gradually deepening and detailing;

- comparative- analysis, in which the studied indicators are compared with the values ​​​​admissible for a given enterprise;

- factorial- analysis, which allows to determine the influence of various factors of the enterprise's activity on the main financial indicators.

10. "Alt Forecast"

The software product "Alt-Prognoz" is a model of an existing enterprise, reflecting all the main aspects of its activities. The model solves the problem formation and optimization of financial budgets (financial plans) of the enterprise.

The model describes and presents information for optimizing the following areas of the enterprise:

Production of products (works, services)

Shipment of products (works, services), warehouse control

Cost management

Investment of funds (investment program)

The financial policy of the enterprise (the program of lending, emissions, settlements with the budget)

Formation financial budget using the "Alt-Prognoz" model involves three stages - a reflection of the initial state of the enterprise, a description of the developed plans, analysis and optimization of the future financial position of the enterprise.

The initial state of the enterprise is described using standard accounting forms - the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results. The main final characteristics of the projected financial condition of the enterprise are the model of the company's current account, the forecast income statement, break-even indicators.

When forming and optimizing financial plans (budgets), the features of work are taken into account Russian enterprises:

Russian system of taxation and formation of financial results;

Barter transactions and offsets;

Various options for allocating overhead costs by type of product.

The "Alt-Prognoz" model provides the necessary information for those who determine the financial policy of an enterprise - financial directors, specialists in analytical services, internal and external analysts - as well as for specialists in investment and financial institutions.

Using the "Alt-Prognoz" model, the following tasks are solved:

Determining the volume of sales and prices of each type of product, which ensures break-even (required level of profitability) of the enterprise.

Analysis and optimization of enterprise working capital management. Evaluation of the economic effect of optimizing the enterprise's need for working capital.

Estimating the amount of required lending and building a schedule for attracting and returning funds (including for previously attracted loans)

Control and optimization of the structure of receipts and payments. In particular, the determination of the value of the "monetary" component of receipts required to cover payments in cash.

The choice of the most rational combinations management decisions aimed at increasing the profitability and liquidity of the enterprise.

"Alt-Prognoz" allows the manager to quickly get an idea of ​​​​how the enterprise will develop, choose options for solving specific management problems and predict the impact of certain actions on the overall financial condition of the organization.

The predicted financial condition of the enterprise is described using indicators and ratios, as well as in the form of graphs and diagrams. Using the openness of the model, you can supplement the calculations with the necessary tables and coefficients, form and change the appearance of diagrams.

11. "Project Expert 5"

Project Expert 5 allows you to prepare financial documents that meet International Accounting Standards - supported by most GAAP developed countries. At the same time, flexible data entry options ensure that the specifics of the Russian economy are taken into account (tax changes, payment delays, etc.).

Project Expert 5 allows users who do not have special training in the field of financial analysis to solve the following tasks in a short time:

Describe in detail and design the activities of any enterprise, taking into account changes in the parameters of the external environment (inflation, taxes, exchange rates);

Develop a plan for the development of an enterprise or the implementation of an investment project, a marketing strategy and a production strategy that ensures the rational use of material, human and financial resources;

Determine the scheme of financing the enterprise;

Test various scenarios for the development of the enterprise, varying the values ​​of factors that can affect its financial results;

Prepare financial statements (cash flow statement, balance sheet, profit and loss statement, profit use statement) and a business plan for an investment project that are fully consistent with international requirements, in Russian and English;

Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the enterprise (project), including analysis of the overall effectiveness, sensitivity analysis, analysis cash flows for each project participant, analysis of the financial condition and profitability of the enterprise using three dozen automatically calculated indicators.

A new modification of the Project Expert - Biz Planner software product is designed for planning and analyzing the effectiveness of investments in small and medium-sized businesses. It allows you to quickly and efficiently develop a high-quality business plan for enterprises operating in industry, in the service sector, as well as in the field of construction.

The chapter shows new possibilities for analyzing accounting (financial) statements under the conditions of using computer analytical programs; the main software products presented on the Russian market are considered, the characteristics and analytical capabilities are given.
At the present stage of development market economy full-fledged and promptly performed analytical processing of accounting and other economic information is unthinkable without the use of computer technology.
Accounting automation has created a fairly solid foundation for its subsequent development in the practice of analytical research, since any kind of analytical work relies on an information base, the basis of which is primarily accounting data and financial statements.
Implementation in management practice interactive technologies and the transition to distributed data processing made possible a qualitative leap in the organization automated systems management (ACS), including systems economic analysis. The current stage of development of tools and programs for automated information processing is associated with the introduction into the practice of managing business entities personal computers(PC). Distinctive features PCs compared to computers used in the past are their small size, increased reliability, ease of reconfiguration and especially advanced dialog functions. This made it possible to organize accounting and analytical work at an individual workplace without the help of a programmer. Opened new opportunities for processing information related to the introduction and use in the process of managing the activities of economic entities computer technology, stimulated the development and creation of new software tools, which significantly increased the interest of end users, primarily accounting workers, in the practical use of PCs and related computer programs.
The active introduction of computer technologies into the practice of accounting work required the development of new approaches and justifications for design solutions for the creation of appropriate software products, the creation of a holistic scientifically based concept of accounting modeling when designing an appropriate software based on the generalization of the accumulated experience of building software systems from the standpoint of modern information technologies.
Study of the development of ACS software (ACS software), including software products for accounting and economic analysis economic activity enterprise, allows for the periodization of the development of tools and programs for automated processing of economic information. The periodization system reflects the progressive expansion functionality domestic software for automated control systems, means of communication and other components of information technology. Thus, eight main stages in the development of means of mechanization and automation of managing the activities of economic entities can be distinguished, namely:
the stage of initial mechanization of individual economic calculations and calculations, associated with the introduction of the first calculating machines into the practice of accounting and analytical work (late 19th century - early 20s of the 20th century);
the stage of introduction of keyboard and perforation computers (KVM and PVM) for mechanized accounting and simple analytical calculations at industrial enterprises in Russia (mid-20s - pre-war and war years (mid-40s));
the stage of introducing and using various computing installations (accounting, invoice, nomenclature-addressing machines), including machines with automatic input of initial data or counting and perforating machines, for the mechanization of various stages of the accounting process, mainly at large enterprises (mid 40 -x - the end of the 50s);
the stage of production and implementation in order to mechanize accounting, statistical and computational work of universal and specialized electronic calculating (digital) machines - the stage of the beginning of automation of accounting work at the enterprises of the country,
transition from the mechanization of accounting work to its automated processing (late 50s - mid 70s);
the stage of widespread introduction and development of automated control systems (mid-70s - late 80s);
the stage of introduction into the practice of managing business entities of personal computers (PCs) - personal computers, the beginning of the stage of computerization of the management process, the appearance of the first computer programs for accounting (late 80s - early 90s);
the stage of PC integration based on local area networks (LAN), active introduction of computer technologies into practice, primarily accounting work, rejection of distributed data processing in favor of their centralized processing (mid-late 90s);
the stage of the emergence and implementation of the Internet and Internet technologies, the creation of a multi-user environment and, on this basis, a return to centralized data processing technologies (late 90s to the present).
The study of the development of the methodology of economic analysis and the possibilities of processing economic information makes it possible to single out the ever wider and more active introduction and use in the practice of analytical work of tools and technologies for its automation as one of the main characteristics of the current stage in the development of economic analysis. Only now scientific and technological progress allows developing software products that provide real-time economic analysis with the required degree of detail and complexity.
However, the complexity of solving the problems of theoretical substantiation of the organization of economic analysis in a computer environment and the development of software for automated systems of economic analysis (ASEA software) is predetermined not only by a wide range of business activities of enterprises in various sectors of the economy, their forms of ownership, but also by the variety of types and tasks of the analytical system itself. the work necessary for the effective management of the enterprise in the complex and dynamic conditions of a market economy. Today, due to the priority of the analysis of the financial condition and profitability of business entities in a market economy compared to other areas of economic analysis, programs that allow assessing and analyzing the financial condition of an economic entity, as well as the achieved financial results of economic activity, have received the greatest development. . These two areas of analytical research are subject area studying financial analysis.
Among the software products of financial analysis, the programs of final and predictive financial analysis have received the greatest development. So, in the group of programs for the final financial analysis, the software products of Inek, Intellect-Service, Pro-Invest IT, Dolgoprudny Research Center (DRC) received the greatest development and practical application. The group of predictive financial analysis includes the Inek-Analytic and Investor software systems (Inek company), Project Expert programs (Pro-Invest IT company), as well as investment design programs of the Alt-Invest company.
Despite the existing functional features, the Inek-Analytic, Investor, Project Expert programs, as well as the developments of Alt-Invest, allow the development of business plans and investment projects, as well as their evaluation. With the help of these software products, it is possible to generate predictive financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement), as well as calculate the most important indicators economic efficiency, such as NPV and IRR, at various levels of risk and loan repayment schemes.
However, initially, the main attention of ASEA software developers was directed to the creation of programs for a retrospective (final) analysis of the financial condition of an economic entity, carried out on the basis of the organization's financial statements for several previous reporting periods. This is primarily due to the presence of a fairly well-developed methodology for calculating and analyzing financial ratios based on financial reporting data, both in foreign and domestic scientific literature, as well as the availability of the information base for such calculations.
As a result, it is this group of computer programs that has taken the leading place in the ASEA software market today. Among them, the programs of retrospective (final) analysis have received the greatest development and distribution. Such software products include the Audit Expert program of the Pro-Invest IT company, analytical programs of the Analyst series - Inek-AFSP, Inek-
ADP”, “Inek-Analytic”1 - firms “Inek”, the program “Financial Analysis” of the Dolgoprudny Research Center, the program “Express Analysis of the Financial State of the Enterprise” of the company “Alt-Invest”, the program “Express Analysis” of the Center for Information Technologies “ Telecom Service.
The analysis of the financial condition of the activities of an economic entity, carried out on the basis of these software products, includes the study of a wide range of issues - in particular, the liquidity and solvency of the enterprise, the level of its financial stability, turnover and profitability, cash flow, etc. In the course of the analysis to characterize these aspects of the financial condition, both absolute and relative indicators are used. Relative indicators, or financial ratios, are calculated as ratios of absolute indicators of financial condition or their linear combinations. As the main source of information in the calculation of financial ratios in analytical computer programs, the financial statements of the organization are used.
Thus, the developers of the Audit Expert program define it as an analytical system for diagnosing, evaluating and monitoring the financial condition of an enterprise. Indeed, this program allows the management of an enterprise to both carry out internal financial analysis and look at itself from the outside - from the position of the budget, regulatory agencies, creditors and shareholders. The basic information for the analysis is the financial statements of the enterprise: balance sheet and income statement. To conduct an in-depth analysis, Audit Expert allows you to use additional information: information on the distribution of profits, property and debt, other accounting and management reporting data, the content and format of entry tables for which the user can determine independently.
The operation of the Audit Expert system is based on bringing accounting statements for a number of periods to a single comparable form that meets the requirements of international financial reporting standards. This approach makes the results of the system understandable throughout the world and allows you to evaluate the financial condition of the enterprise based on the data obtained.
In terms of retrospective production and financial analysis of the organization's activities.
Audit Expert converts the received balance sheet and income statement data into analytical tables.
The system allows you to re-evaluate the items of assets and liabilities and convert data into a more stable currency.
The implementation of the possibility of adjusting the balance sheet indicators based on individually set revaluation factors in the Audit Expert program is a revaluation according to the model (method) of revaluing accounting objects to current (market) value (Current Value Accounting - CVA or Current Cost Accounting - CCA). However, within the framework of the program under consideration, when applying the general price index to the recalculation of assets and liabilities of the balance sheet, taking into account changes in the purchasing power of the monetary unit, it is possible to adjust the indicators according to the model (method) for evaluating accounting objects in monetary units of the same purchasing power (General Purchasing Power - GPP or General Price Level - GPL). The range of revaluation coefficients that can be set is quite wide (from 0 to 1000), which makes it possible to take into account almost any inflationary and deflationary changes in the cost estimates of financial reporting indicators.
In addition, the Audit Expert program can present analytical tables taking into account the revaluation in US dollars, which is performed automatically by the program based on the exchange rate reference book.
Thus, the Audit Expert program allows for flexible adjustment of the company's financial statements with further analytical processing of information within the framework of retrospective and prospective analysis. It should be noted that the re-evaluation of the balance sheet data is not an obligatory stage in the processing of the initial information within the framework of the program under consideration, which gives the user the right to choose and decide on the appropriateness of such an adjustment.
According to analytical tables, standard financial ratios are calculated, liquidity loss and bankruptcy risks are assessed, net asset value and balance sheet structure are assessed, break-even analysis and factor analysis of return on equity are carried out.
In general, the logical structure of the analytical processing of information in the Audit Expert program can be represented as interrelated, sequentially implemented stages (see Figure 11.1).
Stages of analytical processing of information in the Audit Expert program
output forms


In addition to solving standard tasks, Audit Expert simultaneously provides the ability to implement the user's own methods for solving a wide range of problems of analysis, diagnostics and monitoring of the financial condition. Based on the data of analytical tables, it is possible to implement additional methods for evaluating analysis financial activities enterprises. The user can enter calculation formulas (templates) of additional analytical indicators of interest to him. Calculation formulas are compiled in a direct dialogue with the system and are recorded, as in Excel, in tables. This toolkit allows you to use the initial data of any structure for analysis when creating your own methodology. At the same time, the ability to import data from source and analytical tables into an edited script allows you to get rid of the routine work of data entry and use previously created scenarios for entering and processing financial data when designing your own scripts for entering and processing financial data.
However, it should be emphasized that the implementation of the described functions of Audit Expert requires a high level of user training in the field of financial analysis.
The Audit Expert system allows you to build a forecast of financial indicators based on financial statements, i.e. calculate the forecast data of financial statements, as well as the values ​​of financial ratios for the coming periods. Using the forecast function, you can estimate the time during which financial indicators will reach critical values ​​if the current trend continues.
With the help of a special application to the professional version of the Audit Expert system - Audit Integrator - it is possible to conduct a comparative analysis. In this case, you can use the database of financial statements of the largest Russian companies in various industries, presented on the Pro-Invest IT website. The companies included in the database are selected based on annual ranking largest companies Russia "Expert-200", published by the magazine "Expert". In addition, a special file format converter included in the Audit Expert system allows for comparative analysis to use the official financial statements of a large number of organizations contained in the public domain on the FCSM website. The data from the specified site is combined with the data of the analyzed enterprise, which makes it possible to rank the organization in accordance with the criteria selected by the user.
Based on the data presented in the Audit Expert tables, you can automatically receive both standard built-in graphs or charts, and prepare additional ones that reflect the state and dynamics of analytical indicators.
Based on the results of the analysis, the system allows you to automatically receive a number of expert opinions on the financial condition. The Audit Expert system is equipped with a report generator that allows you to prepare the necessary reports of any structure, as well as include tables, graphs, textual information and illustrations. Analytical balance sheet data obtained in Audit Expert can be exported to the Project Expert program and used to describe the initial financial condition of the enterprise.
Currently, the programs of the "Analyst" series of the "Inek" company are also among the most widely represented analytical programs on the market. They differ in the range of tasks to be solved. Thus, the original program "Inek-AFSP" contains a minimum set of calculations. At the same time, the Inek-AFSP program makes it possible to calculate a wide range of analytical indicators that characterize liquidity, financial stability, turnover, and profitability. The program is designed to analyze the financial condition, monitor and compare enterprises and organizations various kinds activities. Is a multiple winner international competitions software in finance and business.
Each subsequent program of the "Analyst" series, along with new functions, includes the capabilities of the previous one. Thus, the program "Inek-ADP"1, in addition to analyzing the financial condition, allows you to calculate additional indicators and conduct, for example, an analysis of the structure of financial results, the structure of revenue from the sale of products, factorial analysis of financial results, characterize the movement of inventories and finished products, determine the break-even level of the enterprise, measure the volume of sales per ruble of costs. It should be emphasized that the user does not have the opportunity to make changes to the algorithms for calculating certain analytical indicators or the methodology for conducting a particular analysis. So, for example, in the factor analysis of profit in the program under consideration, only two factors are singled out - the efficiency of resource use and changes in prices for products and resources2. It seems that such an approach, both in terms of the number of identified factors and their qualitative characteristics, which allows, for example, combining in one price factor two factors that are opposite in their effect on the effective indicator, does not provide the proper depth of analysis.
The Inek-Analytic software package, including the full capabilities of the Inek-AFSP and Inek-ADP programs, additionally allows you to perform a set of works on planning the enterprise's activities. To date, there are two main versions of the Inek-Analytic software package: the Inek-Analytic proper, designed to analyze and plan the activities of enterprises and organizations whose main activity is the production of products or the provision of services, and the Inek-Analytic (T)”, designed to analyze and plan the activities of organizations whose main activity is wholesale and retail trade.
In general, the use of the Inek-Analytic software package makes it possible to solve many problems of analyzing financial and economic
1ADP - analysis of the enterprise.
The wording of the names of the factors is given in the version of the Inek-ADP program.
Thus, the Sales Expert program is designed to manage marketing activities companies. Its database stores all the necessary information about customers and the work carried out with them at all stages of transactions - from the first negotiations to payment and delivery of goods. With the help of this program, it is possible to quickly obtain accurate data on sales volumes presented in any necessary context (by departments, managers, product groups, regions, industries and other aspects). The program allows you to determine the effectiveness of marketing campaigns and analyze the reasons for refusing to purchase, to exercise control over the work of sales managers and adjust them on this basis. marketing activities organizations.
Based on the use of the Marketing Expert program, an assessment of the company's position in the market, a comparative analysis of its sales activities are carried out, and an optimal sales structure is formed. The system allows you to determine the profitability and profitability of various market segments and products, the company's market share, the growth rate of the market share. The use of generally accepted analytical techniques (GAP analysis, segment analysis, SWOT analysis, Portfolio analysis) assists in the development optimal strategy and tactics of the company's work in the market, in assessing risks and calculating the main planned financial results. A marketing plan developed with Marketing Expert can be used to forecast sales volumes in Project expert.
The Forecast Expert program is a tool for forecasting economic indicators and analyzing market trends. With its help, it is possible to make a forecast regarding the future volume of sales and income of the company, the level of demand for services or products, exchange rates, stocks or futures, cash balances on accounts.
In general, the vast majority of programs for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise, as already noted, are programs for retrospective analysis of financial reporting data. The improvement of such programs over the years was carried out mainly by increasing the quantitative increase in the ability to calculate the widest possible range of financial ratios. At the same time, the qualitative side of the issue was practically not touched upon. As a result, programs were created that allow calculating more than a hundred financial ratios.
However, such software products seem to be poorly adapted to the requirements of managing an economic entity. When they are used, a situation is created in which it becomes extremely difficult to formulate conclusions based on the results of the analysis, to identify problematic issues and areas in the economic activity of the subject. This situation is exacerbated by insufficient high level qualifications of users of such software products. It is no coincidence that some firms - developers of programs for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise have introduced additional functions into their software products that allow them to automatically formulate conclusions based on the results of calculations of financial ratios (Intellect-Service, Telecom-Service Information Technology Center), as well as to create sufficiently voluminous analytical conclusions (Inek firm). Such an expansion of the functionality of software products, which contributes to the wider use of computer technologies in the practice of analytical work, can be considered as a positive experience in their further improvement.
A certain problem in the practical application of analytical computer programs is the terminology used in them. Based on this, the direction of improving programs for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise can be called the work of programmers related to the systematization of terminology and algorithms for calculating financial indicators. It is on this path of improving software products that most firms have recently gone - developers of programs for analyzing the financial condition.
As a result, it can be stated that today the vast majority of software products developed by leading companies for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise use more correct terminology and algorithms for calculating financial ratios.
At the same time, despite the rather deep study of the issues of methodology and methodology for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise in a market economy, there is a need to further improve the already known methods of analysis. As experience shows, most foreign and Russian publications of recent years have been mainly devoted to the analysis of individual financial ratios. Thus, there was an idea about the methodology of financial analysis as a set of a certain set of financial ratios, sometimes not related to each other. This vision of financial analysis was reflected in the setting of tasks in the development of appropriate analytical programs, which, as a result, affected the effectiveness of the analysis itself as a tool for substantiating management decisions.
Further improvement of existing and creation of new analytical software products for analyzing the financial condition of activities are associated with the development of methods for analyzing financial statements, the development of new methodological approaches to conducting financial analysis based on the use of a wider information base, including data from both accounting and financial statements, as well as and statistical and other non-recording information. The functional possibilities of the practical application of the most common analytical programs in Russia are presented in Table. 11.1.
Table 11.1 i
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As can be seen from Table. 11.1, the main features of the most common analytical programs are related to retrospective financial analysis. Among the least developed aspects of the construction of such programs are the questions of the method of analytical adjustment of the cost indicators of the information base of analysis, the expansion of the information base itself by including data from accounting accounts, including analytical accounts, as well as extra-accounting information.
In conclusion, we highlight the main features of modern economic analysis in a computer environment:
ensuring the consistency of economic analysis, which is due to the need for a clear formalization analytical tasks when they are solved automatically. Formalization of analytical tasks eliminates their duplication, contributes to a clearer definition of the volume and qualitative composition of the information base of economic analysis;
increasing the validity of managerial decisions, which is associated with the possibility of analyzing the impact of a fairly wide range of internal and external factors, which have a significant impact on the object under study;
increasing the reliability and reliability of the results and conclusions, since conducting economic analysis in a computer environment makes it possible to quickly adjust the cost indicators of the original forms of financial reporting and accounting, which is of particular importance and relevance in an inflationary economy;
expansion of opportunities for the implementation of analytical research in real time, operational and situational types of analysis;
carrying out a multivariate predictive analysis, which provides for the processing and calculation of multivariate approaches and solutions to the problem in order to select the optimal management solution. It is in the computer environment that real conditions are created for conducting a multivariate operational economic analysis of the economic activity of an enterprise;
increasing the effectiveness of economic analysis, which is due to both a high degree of scientific validity of management decisions and the possibility of their timely adoption;
increasing the possibilities for conducting complex analytical studies related to the processing of large arrays of initial analytical information.
Further development of economic analysis using modern computer technologies is associated not only with the improvement of computer technology itself and communication tools, but also with the development of more advanced methodological and methodological approaches to economic analysis, taking into account new opportunities and changing internal and external conditions of functioning. business entities.

Federal Agency for Education

Russian State Trade and Economic University

GOU VPO RGTU Tula branch

Department of Economics and Finance

Course work

Subject: "Automated workplace"

Completed by a student Checked:

distance learning

based on SPO 2 courses, group II

Specialty: finance and credit

software creditworthiness financial

1.2 Programs of the "Intalev" series

1.5 Alt-Finance program

1.7 Program "OLYMP: FinExport"

2. Financial calculations

1. Financial analysis programs

To date, a number of software products have been created that are designed to perform a comprehensive assessment of the activities of an enterprise, identify the main trends in its development, calculate basic standards for planning and forecasting, and assess the creditworthiness of an enterprise.

Such programs include:, "Inek-Analytic", software products of the "Intalev" series (for example, "Intalev: Corporate Finance", "Intalev: Budget Management", "Intalev: Business Processes"), "Financial Analysis 3.0" " Investment Analysis 1.6", "Microsoft Project", "Alt-Finance", "Business Plan", "Marketing Analytic", "Commerce", "Analyzer", "Predictor", "Portfolio", etc.

Some programs, such as "INEC-Analytic" and "Financial Analysis", are made on the platform of the MS Excel program, which greatly expands the capabilities of an analyst using this program.

The use of these programs allows, if necessary, to change all the formulas and macros in the program at your discretion.

Other programs are implemented on the platform of one of the specialized accounting programs. So, the program "Intelev: Corporate Finance" is implemented on the platform of the program "1C: Enterprise 7.7" and is compatible with any accounting systems ("1C", "Parus", "BEST", "Comtech"), and for the successful use of the BEST programs -F" and "BEST-ANALYZE" will require Windows skills and accurate registration of all business transactions in the "BEST-4" system.

Let us consider the possibilities of some of the programs for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise in more detail.

1.1 Software complex "INEK-Analyst"

Over the past decade, INEC has taken a leading position among analytical programs. In 1990, this firm was the first to launch programs for the economic analysis of enterprises' activities on the domestic market, and today its developments are trusted by specialists from government bodies, large and medium-sized industrial enterprises of commercial banks, audit and consulting firms, educational institutions, insurance organizations.

The software complex "INEK-Analyst" is intended for assessing the financial and economic condition, developing, analyzing and evaluating business plans of enterprises and organizations involved in the production and provision of services.

The software product of the "Analyst" series solves the following main tasks:

Detailed analysis of the financial and economic condition of enterprises engaged in the production and provision of services;

Preparation, analysis and evaluation of enterprise development plans (investment project, business plan, feasibility study, financial recovery plan);

Consolidation (combination) of these enterprises and analysis of the combined option;

Comparison of actual and planned data of enterprises in terms of financial and economic indicators.

The program allows you to view the results of work in tabular, graphical and textual forms, as well as export them to MZ V/ora and Exce1.

Software products of the "Analyst" series ("INEK-AFSP", "INEK-ADP", "INEK-Analyst", "INEK-Holding", "Bank Analyst") differ in the range of tasks to be solved. The first of the programs contains a minimum set of calculations, each subsequent one, along with new functions, includes the capabilities of the previous one.

The INEK-AFSP program is designed to analyze the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of any type of activity based on balance sheet and report data.

The program "INEK-ADP" allows you to conduct a comprehensive financial and economic analysis of the activities of enterprises of any type of activity. The initial information for the analysis is the data of external financial statements (balance sheet, income statement), as well as data on the structure of revenue, cost, receipts and expenditures.

The software complex "INEK-Analyst" solves the problems of a comprehensive financial and economic analysis, development, analysis and evaluation of the business plan of enterprises and organizations involved in the production and provision of services. "INEK-Analyst (T)" is designed to analyze and plan the activities of trade organizations

The software complex "INEK-Holding" is intended for analysis, planning and comparison of enterprises of various types of activity.

The software complex "Bank Analyst" is intended for analysis, planning and comparison of enterprises of various types of activity.

The demo version of the program contains the following examples of enterprises and organizations:

JSC "Metallurg" (production) - plan and fact;

CJSC "Telecom" >> (services) - plan and fact;

holding "Prometheus" (holding, which combines the data of several enterprises).

A demo version of INEC-Analyst is available at www. inec. en

1.2 Programs of the "Intalev" series

The consulting and implementation company "Intalev" is engaged in setting up and automating control systems at enterprises. One of the activities of the company is the development of standard software products and methodological guidelines in the field of optimizing the enterprise management system.

To date, "Intalev" offers standard solutions in the field of budgeting, financial analysis, management accounting and management process, which are used in their work by hundreds of enterprises in Russia and the CIS.

The area of ​​financial management in our time is the most relevant for Russian enterprises. Experts in this field identify a number of tools, the use of which allows you to effectively manage the finances of the company and the company as a whole: budgeting (or budget management), management accounting, financial analysis.

A series of programs "Intalev" offers a number of specialized programs for analyzing the activities of the organization. "ITRP + Intalev: Production and Finance PROF" - The program is designed for complex automation of manufacturing enterprises of medium and large scale.

"Intalev: Leasing Management" is a complex software product for automating the management of leasing activities. It allows you to automate all stages of leasing management: planning leasing transactions, calculating payment schedules, budgeting cash flows and income and expenses of a leasing company.

"Intalev: Budget Management" version 3.0 is a program for automating budgeting for small and medium-sized enterprises, implemented on the platform "1C: Enterprise 7.7". Allows you to plan, take into account and analyze the financial and economic operations of the enterprise in a single information system. Characteristics of the program: visibility, ease of implementation and operation, versatility.

Intalev: Corporate Finance is a software product implemented on the 1C: Enterprise 7.7 platform designed to automate management accounting, budgeting, control and analysis in all areas of the enterprise's business activities. Focused on large trading and manufacturing enterprises, including holdings. The program implements a system of customizable and expandable budgets, and it is also possible to keep records of several charts of accounts. The program has ample opportunities for financial analysis.

"Intalev: Corporate Finance" includes the following features: budgeting, management accounting, business design, forecasting, economic modeling, workflow, bookkeeping and other features of "1C: Enterprise 7.7".

The features of the program include: ample opportunities for managing the finances of enterprises in various industries, a step-by-step guide for self-setting and budget management in a company, business design capabilities (creating an enterprise model), the ability to describe information flow routes and automate information processes in a company, compiling long-term forecasts and economic models of enterprise development. The program has special capabilities for automating planning, accounting and analysis for distributed holdings with heterogeneous types of business, the implementation of national and international standards for planning, management accounting, analysis and control (all-Russian, GAAP, IAS, user) in a single database, the absence of double data entry and dedicated implementation support.

"Intalev; Financial Management" - a universal program for automating management accounting and financial management, compatible with any accounting systems ("1C", "Parus", "BEST", "Comtech", etc.) due to the mechanism of import-export of information while maintaining the principle of one-time data entry into the system. It is characterized by holding accounting, the ability to evaluate the performance of various departments of the company. The goal of the "Intalev: Financial Management" program is to increase the efficiency of the management system, which allows the company to receive maximum profit with the available resources. This goal is achieved by automating the company's management accounting, built on the basis of budget management technology.

Let's list the features of the program:

drawing up and monitoring the execution of budgets for cash flow, income and expenses, purchases, sales, production;

a wide range of reporting characterizing the state and dynamics of the company's performance indicators, including the use of the latest technologies(OLAP analysis);

· A customizable security system that limits the work of users only to their functional areas.

The features of the program include:

· the possibility of organizing joint work of the program with any accounting systems ("1C", "Parus", "BEST", "Comtech", etc.) due to the mechanism of import-export of information;

· preservation of the principle of single entry of data into the system; "holding accounting;

The ability to evaluate the performance of various departments of the company.

1.3 Programs for the analysis of business processes of the BEST series

One of the foundations of successful business management in a trading company is a comprehensive analysis of business processes. To solve this important problem, programs of the BEST series have been created: BEST-F, BEST-ANALYSIS, etc.

Successful work with these programs requires only Windows skills and accurate registration of all business transactions in the "BEST-4" system.

"BEST-F" is a financial analysis program designed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the financial and property status of an enterprise. It is addressed to leaders and financial directors enterprises, as well as employees of audit and consulting firms. The program allows you to analyze the structure of property, solvency and financial stability of the enterprise, business activity and profitability of economic activity, the policy of attracting borrowed money, use of profits, analyze the business viability of banks and business partners. The program also allows you to analyze commercial activities, predict the state of stocks for subsequent planning of purchases, compare the conditions of supplier companies and choose the most profitable partner, evaluate the work of distributors and sales departments, investigate factors affecting profits, and conduct a structural analysis of distribution costs.

The "BEST-F" program works in a Windows system, it is easy to learn and operate, does not require any special settings. The program can work in conjunction with "BEST-4".

"BEST-ANALYSIS" - information and analytical system for managers trading companies. With the help of this system, heads and managers of trading companies will be able to study the market situation, identify the main patterns and trends in demand, predict the course of sales, rationally use labor resources, warehouse and retail space. The program helps to optimize the work schedule of trade departments and regulate the timing and volume of purchases. The results of the analysis carried out can be used in the development of a turnover plan. When analyzing data, well-known statistical methods are used (averages, smoothed averages, calculation of square deviations, correlation curves, etc.).

The program will allow a financial specialist to analyze the turnover of the enterprise, structural divisions, nomenclature groups and goods, analysis of purchases, calculation of marginal and specific contribution margin, as well as analysis of changes in purchase and selling prices.

The program allows you to evaluate the management of commodity stocks: assessing turnover, identifying illiquid commodity items, calculating the number of turnovers by item, as well as conducting a study of the dynamics of commodity turnover by certain types goods, product groups, sales departments and the enterprise as a whole.

"BEST-MARKETING" - a means of assessing the market position of the enterprise. The "BEST-Marketing" program is a convenient and effective remedy, which allows to assess the market position of the enterprise in a competitive environment. The system is designed for the most common user who does not have a special education in the field of marketing.

The input of information is carried out in the form of natural self-evident assessments according to the principle "worse / better", "important / secondary". The entered qualitative data is converted by the system into quantitative data, which allows to carry out the corresponding calculations.

The program will help identify promising market niches, analyze the competitiveness of goods, advertising campaigns, offer recommendations for improving their effectiveness, and stimulating sales. Using the program tools, you can also conduct a comparative analysis of your own product with analogues of competing firms, forecast sales and develop a consolidated budget.

1.4 Program "Financial Analysis"

The program "Financial Analysis" allows you to determine the state of the enterprise in dynamics, to make a vertical and horizontal analysis of financial statements, taking into account inflation and without it, to calculate more than 50 financial ratios. It automatically compiles about 40 analytical tables, helps to predict the further development of the enterprise, avoid unpleasant relations with shareholders and counterparties who have access to the balance sheet.

The program "Financial Analysis" allows you to analyze not only new forms of reporting, but also to transform the old ones. "Financial analysis" allows you to determine the state of the equipment fleet and intangible assets at the enterprise, to analyze accounts payable and receivable, i.e. reveal the real value of debts of debtors. Using the program, it is possible to determine the real value of property and other balance sheet items in dynamics, since the program introduces the possibility of adjusting the value of property taking into account inflation.

"Financial analysis" version 3.0. calculates the break-even point, the effect of financial leverage and analyzes the creditworthiness of the enterprise according to various methods given in it. It predicts further changes in balance sheet items and analytical coefficients for the period ahead, allows you to view reports in both Russian and English.

The demo version of the program "Financial Analysis" is available at www. financialis.ru

1.5 Alt-Finance program

A comprehensive assessment of the enterprise's activities, identification of the main trends in its development, calculation of basic standards for planning and forecasting, assessment of the enterprise's creditworthiness - these are the tasks that the Alt-Finance program solves.

The openness and adaptability of the software product "Alt-Finance" provide the user with the opportunity to independently make changes to the program, taking into account their requirements or specific conditions.

Using the data of the standard accounting program "Alt-Finance" allows you to calculate financial indicators that characterize liquidity, solvency, turnover, financial stability, profitability and efficiency in the use of financial resources. The user also has the ability to perform financial analysis using both old and new accounting forms. With the help of a specially written macro, financial statements are automatically converted from the old to the new format. The software product "Alt-Finance" uses the following main methods of analysis:

horizontal - trend analysis, in which indicators are compared with similar ones for other periods;

vertical - analysis, in which the structure of indicators is studied by gradually deepening and detailing;

Comparative - analysis in which the studied indicators are compared with similar industry averages or indicators of the main competitors.

In addition, the user has the opportunity to conduct a factor analysis of changes in the overall liquidity indicator, return on equity and other indicators.

1.6 Project management program Microsoft Project

Microsoft Project is one of the most widely used project management systems in the world. In many Western companies, Microsoft Project has become a familiar addition to Microsoft office even for ordinary employees who use it to plan schedules for simple work packages.

Microsoft program Project, thanks to its flexibility and accessibility, has become the de facto standard of the package general purpose designed to work with projects of small and medium scale. It is a tool that allows you to efficiently manage projects with minimal cost time and money.

A project of five to ten stages (works), in which two or three performers are involved, is quite manageable with the help of a notebook or organizer. However, projects with more than ten works already need serious management tools, and this program is the undisputed leader among them. The package is simple. The developers of the program did not seek to invest in it complex scheduling or resource planning algorithms. At the same time, considerable attention is paid to the use of modern standards that allow the package to be effectively integrated with other applications.

Microsoft Project allows you to facilitate and organize group work with projects.

Setting up messages for the project team includes the ability to define the composition of project data sent to project participants via e-mail, and setting restrictions on the correction of information sent by recipients.

The creation of a new project begins with the selection of a template supplied with the program or previously created by the user. Then you need to specify the basic information about the project in a special window. First of all, this, of course, is the start and end dates, as well as the way the project is tied to these dates. Next, you will work with the resources necessary to implement the project.

For quick inclusion in the work of a novice user, Microsoft Project provides, in addition to the usual means of assistance, the possibility of step-by-step project development and intellectual prompting.

Among the advantages of the package, it should be noted quite convenient and flexible reporting tools. The main types of reports can be selected from presets.

The ability to simultaneously have several plans for each project will improve the efficiency of the analysis on the principle of "what if ...". At the same time, Microsoft Project provides a minimal set of tools for planning and managing resources.

Additional features of Microsoft Project include import / export of data in various formats, macro recorders, Visual Basic.

1.7 OLIMP: FinExport program

Another well-established firm developing targeted analytical software packages is Rosexpertiza. It offers a software product of the OLIMP series: OLIMP: FinExport - professional program analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise and the forecast of its development, the program uses the best domestic and foreign methods of financial analysis. It was created by specialists of the information technology department of Rosexpertiza, and is addressed to the top management of enterprises, financial managers, analysts, employees of audit and consulting firms, credit and investment departments of banks.

The methodology of financial analysis implemented in the OLIMP: Fin Expert program uses data from external financial statements and is a synthesis of the best methods and techniques of domestic financial analysis (V.V. Kovalev, A.D. Sheremet) and Western methods adapted to domestic practice (E. N. Stoyanova, V.V. Kovalev). This is, first of all, the calculation of the effects of financial and operational leverage, which is widely used in foreign practice.

The OLIMP:FinExpert program also implements a multi-factor model of the DuPont Corporation for calculating key financial and economic indicators of an enterprise's development: return on net assets (RONA), economic growth of the company (SG), weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Factor analysis allows you to find the root causes of changes in these resulting indicators.

The original method of comparing the financial condition of enterprises and ranking enterprises by the value of the integral indicator, implemented in the program, allows for an effective comparison of enterprises. An important advantage of the methodology incorporated in the OLIMP: FinExpert program is the possibility of mathematical and statistical forecasting of the balance sheet and modeling the consequences of management decisions.

The program works in the following modes:

Verification of reporting;

Express analysis;

Full analysis;

Methodology federal government on bankruptcy;

DuPont's multivariate model for profitability and growth analysis;

Comparison and ranking of enterprises according to complex financial indicators;

Modeling and forecasting the financial condition of the enterprise.

The analyzed data are balance sheet data (form No. 1), income statement (form No. 2), cash flow statement (form No. 4) and other forms of external reporting. The main advantages and benefits of the OLIMP: FinExpert program are as follows:

Conducts a complete and detailed analysis of all sections of financial analysis, calculates more than 100 financial and economic parameters and ratios;

Provides detailed financial and economic information support for all sections, tables, financial and economic indicators, contains over 300 information blocks;

Automatically formulates the results of the analysis, generates conclusions on the analysis and expert opinions the financial condition of the enterprise;

Conducts a detailed analysis of the effects of financial and operating leverage, which allows you to assess the degree of total production and financial risk;

Allows you to clean up data from inflationary distortion and analyze the dynamics of the balance sheet in comparable prices;

It makes it possible to predict the financial condition of the enterprise;

Imports accounting data from text, DBF and Excel files;

Its professional version allows the user to change the formulas for calculating indicators, create new analytical tables, implement their own methods of financial analysis in the program;

Implemented under Windows in the Exce1 environment, which allows using the technological and graphic capabilities of this environment.

Task 2. Perform financial calculations using Excel:

Option 1.

1. Using the BZ(BS) function.

BS (C4/C3; C3*C5; ; -C2)

2. Use of the BZDIST function.

For a bond with a face value of 200 thousand rubles, issued for six years, the following procedure for calculating interest is provided: the first year 15%, the next two 20%, the remaining three years 25%. Calculate the future (accumulated) value of a bond at a compound interest rate.

BZDIST (B2; B3:B8)

3. Using the PZ(PS) function

The company will need 800 thousand rubles. after 11 years. Determine the amount of a single current deposit that must be put on deposit if the interest rate on it is 14% per year = PS (B4 / B5; B3 * B5; ; + B2)

4. Using the function of the refinery(NPV).

Investments in the project by the end of 1 year of its implementation will amount to 10,000 rubles. In the next three years, annual incomes for the project are expected to be 2000, 4500 and 6500 rubles. The cost of raising capital 8%. Calculate the net present value of the project = NPV(B1/B6; B3:B5)

5. Using the CLEAR function.

Investment in the amount of 12 million rubles. dated July 1, 1998, will bring income: 2550 thousand rubles. September 15, 1998, 4750 thousand rubles November 1, 1998, 5350 thousand rubles January 1, 1999 Discount rate 9%. Determine the net present value of the investment as of July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1997.

			CLEAR (B4; A3: E3; A2: E2)
			CLEAR (B4; B3:E3; B2:E2)

6. Using the NPER function.

NPER (B4/B5; ; -B3; B2) = n (B8/B5)

7. Using the PPL(PMT) function.

It is required to accumulate 5000 thousand rubles. over three years, a fixed amount is set aside at the end of the month. What should this amount be if the interest rate is 14% per annum

PMT (B5/B4; B4*B3; ; B2)

8. Using the function PLPROC(PRPLT).

Calculate the interest payments for the first month from a four-year loan of 900 thousand rubles. at the rate of 12% per annum.

PRPLT (B3/B5; 1; B5*B4; B2)

	interest payment

9. Using the GENERAL PAY function.

Loan for real estate is made on the following terms: interest rate 11% per annum; term 25 years, loan amount 150 thousand rubles, interest is calculated monthly. Find the amount of interest payments for the second year and the first month of the loan.

1= (B2/B4; B4*B3; B5; 13; 24; 0)

2= ​​(B2/B4; B4*B3; B5; 1; 1; 0)

10. Using the TOTAL INCOME function.

A loan of 1,000 thousand rubles was issued. For a period of five years at 12% per annum; interest is calculated quarterly. Determine the amount of basic payments for the fourth year.

TOTAL INCOME (B4 / B5; B5 * B3; B2; 13; 16; 0)

	Size payout for 4 years

Bibliography

1) Fedorova G.V. " Information Technology bookkeeping, analysis and audit": textbook / G.V. Fedorova, - 2nd ed. )

2) Mikheeva E.V. "Information technology in the professional activities of an economist and accountant": textbook. allowance for students. avg. prof. education / E.V. Mikheeva, O.I. Titov - 2nd ed. erased - M .: Publishing house. house "Academy", 2006-208 p.

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The purpose of this work is to review the available software products used in complex economic analysis, as well as their capabilities.
In the first section term paper the classification of software products available on the market in this area will be considered, as well as a comparative analysis of the main representatives of the domestic market.

Introduction 3
1 Comparative analysis programs used in complex analysis 4
1.1 Classification of software products offered 4
1.2 Financial analysis automation systems 5
1.3 Automation tools for internal business analysis 10
1.4 Automation systems for the analysis of investment projects 14
2 Example of a complex enterprise analysis 16
2.1 Financial condition 16
2.2 Asset structure 17
2.2.1. Non-current assets 19
2.2.2 Current assets 19
2.3 Structure of liabilities 21
2.4 Performance 23
2.5 Financial sustainability 25
2.6 Comprehensive financial assessment 27
Conclusion 29
References 30

The work contains 1 file

Course work

on the topic "Modern software products used in complex economic analysis and their capabilities"

in the discipline "Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity"

2011

Introduction

To make effective management decisions, it is necessary to use a variety of tools for analyzing the financial and economic activities of enterprises. The Russian software market offers a wide range of automated systems for economic analysis of business processes.

The purpose of this work is to review the available software products used in complex economic analysis, as well as their capabilities.

The first section of the course work will consider the classification of software products available on the market in this area, as well as a comparative analysis of the main representatives of the domestic market.

In the second section, an example of a comprehensive analysis of an enterprise using the INEK-AFSP software product of the INEK company (demo version) will be given.

1 Comparative analysis of programs used in complex analysis

• 1.1 Classification of the offered software products

There are three main types of tasks that require the use of economic analysis, for the solution of which widely used software products are used.

Analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise. It is of interest to both internal and external users of economic information in relation to the enterprise - investors, tax services, etc. It makes it possible to assess the current financial condition of the enterprise and draw conclusions about the main trends in its development.

Analysis tasks focused on the development of strategic management decisions for business development. This type of analysis is of interest to business leaders and potential investors in order to assess the effectiveness of investment projects. This type of analysis is designed to make long-term forecasts of business development and assess the effectiveness of new areas of activity.

Analysis tasks focused on the development of tactical solutions for enterprise management. These tasks are the prerogative of operational management services and are aimed at identifying the best ways to solve the problems of current business development.

Currently, the Russian software market has a lot of programs focused on the preparation of analytical information. They differ to a sufficient extent both in terms of the scope of the tasks of analyzing the financial and economic activities of enterprises, and in the approaches implemented in them to solve them.

We can distinguish the following main groups of software tools designed to solve problems of economic analysis:

1) financial analysis automation systems;

2) means of automating the internal analysis of economic activity;

3) automation systems for the analysis of investment projects;

4) intelligent analytical systems.

The most common and popular are the first three groups of software. The fourth group includes, first of all, neural network analytical systems, which are still used only by a small number of large financial and industrial structures. The possibilities provided by them require separate consideration, and therefore their analysis is omitted in the following presentation.

• 1.2 Financial analysis automation systems

Automation systems for financial analysis allow analyzing and evaluating individual indicators of the financial condition of an object and determining trends in their change, performing static and dynamic comparison of indicators. In many programs, economic analysis can be carried out according to various methods, including in accordance with international standards. Often it is possible to calculate additional indicators according to user algorithms. When conducting an analysis, various factors of an economic and non-economic nature can be taken into account. The resulting information can be presented in the form of various tables and graphs.

The basis of financial analysis are indicators derived in one way or another from the data of standard accounting and static reporting, as well as other open sources of information. Most programs of this type use external reporting forms as initial information: Balance sheet (form 1), Profit and loss statement (form 2), Capital flow statement (form 3), Cash flow statement (form 4), Appendix to the balance sheet (form 5 - until 2011).

Financial analysis automation systems are either stand-alone programs or can be integrated into accounting information processing software. Stand-alone programs require manual entry of source information or automatic downloading from external sources. Typically, such systems have standard settings that allow you to import data from the most common accounting programs. Financial analysis automation systems integrated into accounting information processing software, as a rule, are quite tightly tied to the data formats of the programs of the same manufacturer, but a number of them allow you to download data from external sources. Currently, financial analysis tools are integrated into many accounting automation systems and integrated management automation.

Let's consider the main capabilities of financial analysis automation systems using several developments as an example.

1. INEC-AFSP program of the Inek company is designed to analyze the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of any type of activity based on external accounting data (balance sheet, profit and loss account) and to monitor economic entities of cities, regions, republics.

The system allows you to calculate up to 100 indicators that characterize the structure and sources of formation of the enterprise's property, liquidity, financial stability, profitability of capital and activities of the enterprise.

The program allows:

• take into account the industry and economic specifics of the activities of enterprises;
• implement own methods of financial analysis;
• receive practically all methods of financial analysis regulated by law;
• consolidate and analyze the financial statements of enterprises belonging to the holding and financial and industrial groups;
• compare and rank the activities of enterprises.

To assess the financial condition of the enterprise is used horizontal and vertical analysis of liabilities and assets of the analytical balance sheet, indicators of profit and loss, performance efficiency, solvency, financial stability

It is possible to receive a detailed “Conclusion on the financial condition of the enterprise” automatically prepared in text form. Along with the calculation of generally accepted indicators, the program allows you to calculate the indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the financial condition of an enterprise with its assignment to one of four groups (the first is highly profitable enterprises with excellent chances for further development; the second is enterprises with a satisfactory level of profitability; the third is enterprises that are on the verge of financial stability; the fourth - enterprises in deep crisis), which makes it possible not only to trace changes in the financial position of the enterprise in dynamics, but also to determine its rating in relation to other enterprises and organizations. A data bank can be created for an unlimited number of enterprises and the ranking of enterprises according to selected indicators (for example, by creditworthiness) can be carried out.

Analysis results can be automatically converted into any currency. The balance sheet and Profit and Loss Statement can be displayed in Russian and English in GAAP and IAS standards.

Data output is possible in tabular and graphical form. The system allows tables with calculated indicators to be stored in DBF format and exported to Excel, Word.

This program is an autonomous financial analysis automation system. There are various options for its delivery: a standard version and versions for users of accounting programs from specific manufacturers. For example, a version for users of 1C software products has been specially developed, which automatically receives accounting data from various versions of 1C: Accounting.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the INEK-AFSP program.

Figure 1. - Block diagram of the program "INEK-AFSP"

2. Module "Financial analysis" systems "Galaktika" of corporation "Galaktika". The main purpose of the module is to build a system of reports, including indicators necessary for economic analysis of any degree of complexity and detail. Any somewhat formalized initial information can be used as the basis of analysis. An interesting feature of the program is that the rules for transforming one indicator into another can be set in advance. This allows, in particular, the use of financial statements prepared in accordance with different accounting standards as basic information. The user can also apply various mechanisms for indexing reporting indicators to bring them to a comparable form.

The analysis can be carried out not only for the enterprise as a whole, but also for its individual branches, divisions or their selected combination. To do this, when preparing the module for work, the structure of the enterprise, the hierarchy of its branches and divisions are set. Responsibility centers can also be used as structural components.

The order in which outputs are calculated is fully customizable, allowing several different analysis techniques to be applied to the same source data. The procedure for compiling reports based on the results of the analysis is also flexibly customizable. The analyst can present the output information in the set of reports he needs, including the set of indicators he is interested in.

The main information base of the "Financial Analysis" module is the data of external reporting of enterprises: Balance sheet, Profit and Loss Statement, Statement of Financial Results, etc. However, in addition to this, any other information can be involved in the analysis. In the general case, the user can define an arbitrary composition of internal forms that receive input data. Data entry can be done manually or automatically from already prepared sources. Such sources can be any reports prepared by the modules of the accounting and operational circuits of the Galaktika system, files in MS Excel format, as well as text files generated according to certain rules, which allows you to receive data from programs from other manufacturers.

Based on the initial data determined by the sets of incoming documents, the Financial Analysis program calculates the indicators used by a specific analysis methodology and, on their basis, generates the necessary reporting. The program is not strictly tied to any particular method of financial analysis. In it, the most well-known methods (V. Palia, V. Kovaleva, etc.) are formalized in a certain way and are open to change by the user. If desired, you can generally create and apply your own methodology, having previously described it using the system tools.

The indicators calculated by the program can be summarized in various reports. The composition of the reports and the list of indicators included in them are not rigidly fixed and can be arbitrarily configured by the user. In particular, a setting is possible that allows you to include in the report not only indicators and coefficients, but also their interpretations offered by the methodology (the structure of the module is shown in Fig. 2)

Figure 2.– The structure of the "Financial Analysis" module of the Galaktika ERP system


We will summarize the data on the considered programs in a table (see table No. 1).


Table 1. Comparative analysis of financial analysis automation systems

Index	INEC-AFSP	The financial analysis
Information sources	External reporting	External reporting, other information may be involved
Analyzed indicators	Profitability of activity, solvency, financial stability and others	Ratios of financial stability, profitability, solvency and others
Possibility of custom modification	+	+
Ability to take into account the specifics of the enterprise	+	+
autonomy	Autonomous	Embedded module
Imprint	Brief summary with graphs and text, Conclusion on the current financial condition of the organization, analytical tables	Various reports
Price	from 54 000	from 70 000

1.3 Automation tools for internal business analysis

Automation tools of this type are designed to solve the problems of a detailed analysis of the trade, procurement and production activities of enterprises. They may exist as built-in functional blocks of accounting and operational accounting and as stand-alone software tools for solving problems of internal analysis.

Built-in functional blocks of internal analysis of economic activity are available in many programs designed to solve accounting problems, and usually focused on the formation of one or another set of reports containing detailed analytical information on the turnover of goods, profitability of sales, etc. Computer analysis detailed data of quantitative-sum accounting allows you to make operational tactical decisions on specific issues of the economic activity of the enterprise.

For example, using the 1C: Trade + Warehouse program, you can generate analytical reports that allow you to evaluate the profitability of various types and groups of goods, their attractiveness for various categories of customers, draw up payment schedules, etc. Using the “Production + Services + Accounting” configuration tools of the “1C: Enterprise” software system, you can get reports that allow, based on existing orders, balances and material consumption rates, to assess the degree of availability of production stocks in order to plan the necessary purchases in advance.

A significant number of such reports are available in the Galaktika system. With their help, you can trace the dynamics of the movement of inventory in the context of suppliers, buyers and nomenclature, which allows you to identify the most active (passive) suppliers and buyers, evaluate the turnover of inventories, profitability of sales of certain groups and types of goods and finished products.

Autonomous software tools for solving problems of internal analysis are formalized as separate software systems capable of functioning either autonomously or in conjunction with any system of automation of operational and accounting. In the first case, the program requires manual data entry or data download from external sources; in the second, it automatically selects information from the information base of accounting programs.

Let's consider the main features of software tools for solving problems of internal analysis on the example of several developments.

1. System "BEST-Analysis""Intellect-Service" is designed for the management of trading companies and allows you to analyze the turnover, purchases and prices for different periods of time. It is an addition to the BEST-4 software package, from the database of which all the necessary initial information on the movement of goods is retrieved.

The program allows you to solve the problems of analyzing the market situation, identify patterns of sales of various goods, features of consumer demand in different periods of time. Based on this information, the system provides sales forecasts, helps to develop an effective assortment and pricing policy, determines the directions for the rational use of labor resources, warehouse and commercial premises, optimize the work schedules of trade departments, terms and volumes of purchases. The system allows to carry out static and dynamic analysis of commodity turnover, both for the enterprise as a whole and for its structural divisions, in the context of nomenclature groups and individual types of goods. The data necessary for inventory management is generated: turnover assessment, identification of illiquid commodity items, calculation of the number of turnovers according to the nomenclature. The results are presented in a variety of reports and graphs.

2. System "INEK-ADP" firm "Inek" is designed for a comprehensive analysis of the activities of the enterprise. Including the capabilities of the previously considered INEK-AFSP system, it allows solving a much wider range of tasks. As an initial base, not only data from balance sheets and profit and loss statements are used, but also information about the structure of revenue (product range, cost, quantity, price), costing, use of profit, receipt and expenditure of funds. The main functions of the program:

• analysis of the rate of change in prices for the company's products and
• main types of material resources;
• assessment of the effectiveness of the use of material and raw materials and fuel and energy resources;
• analysis of the efficiency of production and sale of each type of product;
• study of the dynamics of changing the structure of cost and revenue, as well as the dynamics of the movement of products and resources in the warehouse; cash flow analysis;
• break-even point and margin calculation financial strength enterprises; factor analysis of profit dynamics.

3. Program "1C Integrated Automation" 1C company created for integrated automation of accounting, management, tax, trade, personnel, warehouse, production accounting, calculation wages and personnel management at the enterprise

System capabilities in the field of analysis:

Rapid assessment of key business performance indicators (in general, by business lines), rapid identification of negative dynamics and growth points - using indicators. "The whole business at a glance." The program includes 42 pre-configured performance indicators. It is possible to develop your own indicators;

A wide range of standard reports and advanced tools for building new reports to analyze all aspects of the enterprise - using powerful and flexible tools for selecting, summarizing and grouping data (without programming). Presentation of data in the form of graphs and charts;

Plan-fact analysis of sales, production, production costs;

Analysis of needs for goods, finished products, materials;

Analysis production costs, calculation of planned and actual cost;

Analysis and control of transactions;

Analysis of the effectiveness of marketing campaigns;

And etc.

• 1.4 Automation systems for the analysis of investment projects

Systems of this type are focused on the development of long-term plans for the development of the enterprise and the analysis of the effectiveness of investment projects. The most powerful software products of this class are the "INEK-Investor" systems of the "INEK" company and "Project Expert" of the "Pro-Invest Consulting" company.

1. INEK-Investor system of INEC is designed to assess the risk and effectiveness of investments in enterprises engaged in various types of activities (production, services, trade); to develop, analyze and evaluate investment projects that meet the requirements of Russian and foreign financial institutions. The system allows:

• calculate integral estimates of the financial condition of investment objects and distribute them by investment attractiveness groups;
• conduct a comprehensive pre-investment analysis of the production and financial activities of enterprises (assessment of solvency, financial stability, solvency and bankruptcy probability of an enterprise, analysis of the balance sheet structure, factorial analysis of profits, assessment of the efficiency of using labor, material and raw materials and fuel and energy resources);
• develop a financial plan for an investment project of enterprises and organizations of any type of activity, including planning the volume of production and sales of products, calculating the costs of its production and sale, assessing the need for investment investments and raising borrowed funds, taking into account specific loan agreements with a bank, a government body, a foreign investor, etc.;
• generate representative documents of the investment project (cash flow statement, profitability achievement table, forecast of balance sheet and financial results in the standards of Russia, the USA and EU countries, etc.);
• assess the real value of the company;
• compare the indicators of investment projects and choose the most attractive of them.

The analysis can be carried out both for one enterprise and for their group.

2. Project Expert system by Expert Systems is a professional system for developing business plans. Its main purpose is to calculate the possible consequences of the implementation of economic plans, to determine their need for resources, primarily financial ones.

For example, the user determines the planned structure of output, determines the cost standards per unit of output of each of its types (in value and / or in kind), selling prices for products and each type of resource, external characteristics that affect the implementation of the project - inflation rate, loan rates and taxes, exchange rates, etc. Based on all this information, the program calculates the main economic indicators of the enterprise, which are formed with these assumptions.

The obtained indicators are summarized in standard reporting forms: Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Statement, Cash Flow Statement and others. Reporting forms comply with generally accepted international standards and are presented in dynamics - for each time period of the project. Standard indicators of financial analysis and assessment of the investment attractiveness of the project are calculated. Based on the results obtained, a ready-made text of a business plan is formed, which can be printed, uploaded to Word or HTML format.

In its full version, the system contains tools for consolidating all or a group of projects of a corporation (holding) in order to assess the total need for financing and calculate aggregate performance indicators.

To assess the sustainability of the project, What-If analysis can be used to assess the sensitivity of the project in relation to external and internal factors.

2 An example of a comprehensive enterprise analysis

Let's make a comprehensive analysis of the enterprise JSC "Enterprise" using the program "INEK-AFSP", which allows for a comprehensive economic analysis of the external reporting of the enterprise. Let's take the data for analysis for the period 2009.

• 2.1 Financial condition

Let's analyze the financial condition of the Enterprise according to the profit and loss statements for the first quarter of 2009 and the fourth quarter of 2009 (see table No. 2).

Table 2. - Analysis of the financial condition according to the Profit and Loss Statement

Name of indicator for the 1st quarter 2009 for the 4th quarter 2009 Deviation Absolute. % Absolute. % Absolute. % 1 2 3 4 5 6 = 4 - 2 Net revenue 328 819,30 96,76 337 304,60 97,43 8 485,30 +2,58 Cost of goods sold 193 934,92 57,07 204 002,48 58,93 10 067,56 +5,19 Gross profit 134 884,38 39,69 133 302,12 38,50 -1 582,25 -1,17 Total cost of goods sold 193 934,92 57,07 204 002,48 58,93 10 067,56 +5,19 including business expenses 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 management expenses 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Result from the main activity 134 884,38 39,69 133 302,12 38,50 -1 582,25 -1,17 Other income 11 000,00 3,24 8 900,03 2,57 -2 099,97 -19,09 Other expenses 7 116,67 2,09 6 987,02 2,02 -129,66 -1,82 Result from other activities 3 883,33 1,14 1 913,01 0,55 -1 970,32 -50,73 Profit (loss) before tax 138 767,71 40,84 135 215,14 39,06 -3 552,57 -2,56 income tax and obligatory payments 60 083,08 17,68 49 744,67 14,37 -10 338,4 -17,21 Net income (loss) 78 684,63 23,15 85 470,46 24,69 6 785,83 +8,62 Reference: Total income 339 819,30 100,00 346 204,63 100,00 6 385,33 0,00




The net proceeds of the Enterprise for the analyzed period increased by 8,485.303 thousand rubles, that is, by less than 5%. The main activity was profitable. The cost of sold products of the Enterprise increased by 10,067.556 thousand rubles. or 5.190%. As a result, the efficiency of the Company's core business decreased, as the rate of change in revenue lagged behind the rate of change in the cost of goods sold.

In 2009, the Company received a profit of 135,215,136 thousand rubles, which is 2.560% less than the profit at the beginning of the period, which amounted to 138,767,706 thousand rubles. Tax and other mandatory payments at the end of the period amounted to 36.789% of profit before tax. The presence in the analyzed period of the Enterprise's net profit testifies to the existing source of replenishment of working capital.

Figure 3. - Net profit of the Enterprise for 2009 (quarterly)

• 2.2 Asset structure

Here is an analysis of the assets of OJSC "Enterprise" based on the balance sheet as of 01.04.09 and 01.01.10 (see table No. 3)

Table 3. - Analysis of the structure of the assets of the Enterprise

Name of indicator as of 04/01/2009 as of 01.01.2010 Deviation Absolute. % Absolute. % Absolute. % 1 2 3 4 5 6 = 4 - 2 I. Non-current assets 1 298 417,00 69,62 1 316 901,20 66,91 18 484,20 +1,42 Intangible assets 96,00 0,01 96,20 0,00 0,20 +0,21 fixed assets 1 249 933,00 67,02 1 184 158,00 60,17 -65 775,00 -5,26 Investments in non-current assets 37 466,00 2,01 41 725,00 2,12 4 259,00 +11,37 Long-term financial investments 10 922,00 0,59 90 922,00 4,62 80 000,00 +732,47 Other noncurrent assets 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 II. current assets 566 501,00 30,38 651 259,80 33,09 84 758,80 +14,96 Stocks 150 068,00 8,05 177 220,00 9,00 27 152,00 +18,09 including production stocks in warehouses 50 651,00 2,72 77 811,00 3,95 27 160,00 +53,62 work in progress costs 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 finished products and goods in warehouses 99 417,00 5,33 99 409,00 5,05 -8,00 -0,01 goods shipped 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Future expenses 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Long-term debtors 43 744,00 2,35 45 186,00 2,30 1 442,00 +3,30 including buyers and customers 43 744,00 2,35 45 186,00 2,30 1 442,00 +3,30 Short-term accounts receivable 312 559,00 16,76 367 921,00 18,69 55 362,00 +17,71 including buyers and customers 298 037,00 15,98 353 399,00 17,96 55 362,00 +18,58 on advances issued 4 515,00 0,24 4 515,00 0,23 0,00 0 with other debtors 10 007,00 0,54 10 007,00 0,51 0,00 0 Short-term financial investments 4 436,62 0,24 4 858,69 0,25 422,07 +9,51 Cash 546,38 0,03 75,31 0,00 -471,07 -86,22 Other current assets 55 147,00 2,96 55 998,80 2,85 851,80 +1,54 including VAT on purchased assets 55 147,00 2,96 55 998,80 2,85 851,80 +1,54 ASSETS TOTAL 1 864 918,00 100,00 1 968 161,00 100,00 103 243,00 +5,54




The assets of the Enterprise for the analyzed period increased by 103,243 thousand rubles, or 5.540%. The increase in assets was due to the growth of non-current assets by 1.420% (18,484.200 thousand rubles) and current assets by 14.960% (84,758.800 thousand rubles). In general, the growth of the Company's property is a positive fact. The main part in the property structure was occupied by non-current assets. The outpacing growth rate of current assets indicates the expansion of the Company's production activities.

Figure 4. Structure of assets for 2009 (quarterly)

2.2.1. Fixed assets

Non-current assets of the Enterprise for the analyzed period remained virtually unchanged, amounting to 1,316,901.200 thousand rubles or 66.91% of the balance sheet at the end of the period. The main part was accounted for by fixed assets (89.920%).

The structure of non-current assets for the analyzed period has changed significantly. Fixed assets tended to decrease (from 96.270% to 89.920%), non-current assets, as well as long-term financial investments grew.

2.2.2 Current assets

At the end of the analyzed period, the share of current assets amounted to 30.38% of the balance sheet. During the period there was an increase in current assets from 566 50 to 651 259.80 thousand rubles. The increase was due to an increase in the following elements:

• stocks;
• accounts receivable;
• short-term financial investments;
• other current assets while reducing:
• Money.

The growth of working capital and the slowdown in their turnover indicate an irrationally chosen economic strategy, as a result of which a significant part of current assets is immobilized, which ultimately can lead to an increase in accounts payable and a deterioration in the financial condition of the enterprise.

The structure of current assets for the analyzed period remained quite stable. In the analyzed period, the bulk of current assets accounted for accounts receivable (63.43%).

During the analyzed period, the volume of accounts receivable increased by 56,804 thousand rubles, which is a negative change and may be caused by problems associated with payment for the Company's products, or the active provision of consumer credit to customers. At the same time, the proceeds from the sale of products grew to a lesser extent, which indicates an increase in non-payments from consumers.

The negative point is the increase in the duration of the turnover of short-term receivables by 14 days. compared to the beginning of the period.

Comparison of the amounts of short-term receivables and accounts payable shows that the Company during the analyzed period had a passive balance of debt, that is, accounts payable exceeded accounts receivable by 361,793 thousand rubles. at the beginning and by 342,792 thousand rubles. at the end of the analyzed period. Thus, the Enterprise financed the payment deferrals of its debtors at the expense of non-payments to creditors (that is, the budget, extra-budgetary funds, etc.).

Returning to the structure of current assets, it should be noted that during the analyzed period, against the background of a decrease in the share of long-term receivables, the share of short-term receivables, financial investments and cash increased from 56.050% to 57.250%. Therefore, we can conclude that the Company's current assets have become more liquid.

• 2.3 Structure of liabilities

Let's analyze the structure of liabilities (see table No. 4).

Table 4. - Analysis of the structure of liabilities of the Enterprise

Name of indicator as of 04/01/2009 as of 01.01.2010 Deviation Absolute. % Absolute. % Absolute. % 1 2 3 4 5 6 = 4 - 2 I. Equity (actual) 978 186,00 52,45 1 230 753,00 62,53 252 567,00 +25,82 Authorized capital (actual) 532,00 0,03 532,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 Own shares repurchased from shareholders 14,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -14,00 -100,00 Extra capital 1 267 882,00 67,99 1 267 882,00 64,42 0,00 0,00 Special-purpose financing 1 129,00 0,06 1 129,00 0,06 0,00 0,00 Reserves, funds, retained earnings (actual) -291 343,00 -15,62 -38 790,00 -1,97 252 553,00 II. Long term duties 144 560,00 7,75 0,00 0,00 -144 560,00 -100 Long-term loans 144 560,00 7,75 0,00 0,00 -144 560,00 -100 III. Short-term liabilities 742 172,00 39,80 737 408,00 37,47 -4 764,00 -0,64 Short term loans 67 380,00 3,61 26 255,00 1,33 -41 125,00 -61,03 Short-term accounts payable 674 352,00 36,16 710 713,00 36,11 36 361,00 +5,39 including to suppliers and contractors 360 384,00 19,32 310 386,00 15,77 -49 998,00 -13,87 on bills payable 1 475,00 0,08 1 475,00 0,07 0,00 0,00 to the staff of the organization 25 672,00 1,38 25 672,00 1,30 0,00 0,00 in front of the state off-budget funds 81 546,00 4,37 81 546,00 4,14 0,00 0,00 before the budget 199 682,00 10,71 202 641,00 10,30 2 959,00 +1,48 on advances received 0,00 0,00 83 400,00 4,24 83 400,00 - to other creditors 5 593,00 0,30 5 593,00 0,28 0,00 0,00 Debt to participants (founders) 440,00 0,02 440,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 LIABILITIES TOTAL 1 864 918,00 100,00 1 968 161,00 100,00 103 243,00 5,54

The main source of formation of the property of the Enterprise in the analyzed period are own funds, the share of which in the balance increased from 52.450% to 62.530%.

Equity capital for the analyzed period increased by 252,567 thousand rubles. while reducing the ratio of debt and equity capital by 0.307. Thus, the financial stability of the Company has increased. It should be noted that the growth of permanent sources of financing and long-term borrowings is higher than the growth of non-current assets of the Company for the analyzed period.

During the analyzed period in the structure of equity capital, the share of additional capital tended to decrease, the share of reserves, funds and retained earnings tended to increase.

By the end of the analyzed period, the enterprise accumulated losses (according to the balance sheet) in the amount of -38,790 thousand rubles. At the same time, the share of losses in the balance sheet decreased from 15.620% to 1.970%.

In the structure of borrowed capital, long-term liabilities at the beginning of the period amounted to 144,560 thousand rubles. (the share was at the level of 7.7500%), and at the end of the period were absent.

Long-term loans and borrowings (financial liabilities) at the beginning of the analyzed period amounted to 144,560 thousand rubles, and by the end of the period the Company fully repaid its debt to banks and other financial creditors.

Short-term liabilities for the analyzed period remained virtually unchanged, amounting to 737,408 thousand rubles by the end of the period. Their share in the structure of borrowed capital increased from 83.700% to 100%.

By the end of the analyzed period, short-term liabilities were represented by 3.560% as financial liabilities and by 96.440% as commercial liabilities.

Short-term loans and borrowings (financial liabilities) for the analyzed period decreased from 67,380 thousand rubles. up to 26,255 thousand rubles. or by 61.030%, which indicates a partial repayment of the debt.

Accounts payable for the analyzed period increased by 36,361 thousand rubles. (from 674,352 to 710,713 thousand rubles). The structure of accounts payable at the end of the analyzed period is dominated by liabilities to suppliers and contractors (310,386 thousand rubles), accounting for 43.670%. The second largest are obligations to the budget (202,641 thousand rubles), accounting for 28.510%.

Figure 5. Structure of the Company's liabilities

• 2.4 Performance

Let's summarize the calculated performance indicators of the Enterprise in one table (see table No. 5)

Table 5.- Performance indicators of the Enterprise

Name of articles for the 1st quarter 2009 for the 4th quarter 2009 Deviation Return on assets based on profit before tax 0,074 0,069 -0,005 Profitability of all operations on profit before tax 0,408 0,391 -0,018 Profitability of all operations in terms of net profit 0,232 0,247 0,015 Profitability of production assets based on the results of core activities 0,073 0,070 -0,003 Profitability of sales (main activity) 0,410 0,395 -0,015 Return on sales based on net profit 0,239 0,253 0,014 Return on equity (actual) 0,080 0,072 -0,008 Return on assets based on net profit 0,042 0,044 0,002 Asset turnover 0,182 0,177 -0,005 Turnover of production assets 0,178 0,178 0,000 Turnover of inventories and other current assets 1,602 1,358 -0,244 Duration of inventory and other current assets turnover, days 56,169 66,254 10,086 Turnover of short-term receivables 1,052 0,896 -0,156 Duration of turnover of short-term receivables, days 85,549 100,464 14,915 Accounts payable turnover 0,487 0,464 -0,023 Duration of accounts payable turnover, days 184,695 193,796 9,101 Net operating capital -157 018,000 -110 013,200 47 004,800 -42,977 -27,078 15,899 Net working capital (net of credit debt) -152 035,000 -105 079,200 46 955,800




Return on equity (actual) of the Enterprise throughout the analyzed period was positive, but decreased from 8.040% to 7.200%.

Return on assets, which reflects the Company's ability to generate profit based on the property at its disposal, ranged from 4.220% to 4.370%.

The value of return on assets in terms of net profit at the end of the analyzed period indicates a fairly high efficiency of property use. The level of return on assets in terms of net profit in the amount of 4.370% at the end of the analyzed period is ensured by the low turnover of assets, which amounted to 0.177 turnover per quarter at the end of the period, with a high (24.690%) profitability of all operations (in terms of net profit).

In general, the dynamics of asset turnover, which shows the speed with which the full cycle of production and circulation is completed, and also reflects the level business activity Enterprises, is negative (during the analyzed period, there is a decrease in the value of the indicator from 0.182 to 0.177 turnover per quarter).

The profitability of production assets remained virtually unchanged and amounted to 7.020% at the end of the period. This value of the profitability indicator consists of the profitability of sales (main activity), which at the end of the analyzed period amounted to 39.520%, and the turnover of production assets, equal to 0.178 turnover per quarter.

Simultaneous decrease in profitability of sales and turnover of production assets is a "diagnosis" of the presence of problems associated with the sale of products and the work of the marketing department.

The profitability of all operations (in terms of profit before taxation) of the Enterprise at the end of the analyzed period amounted to 39.060% and was 0.460 points lower than the profitability of sales (main activity). Thus, the Company loses part of its efficiency at the expense of other activities.

The duration of the turnover of inventories and other current assets at the end of the period is 66 days, short-term receivables 100 days, and accounts payable 194 days. Thus, the duration of the turnover of net industrial working capital is -28 days. and -43 days. at the beginning of the analyzed period.

• 2.5 Financial sustainability

Let's summarize the calculated indicators of the financial stability of the Enterprise in one table (see table No. 6)

Table 6.- Indicators of financial stability of the Enterprise

Name of indicator as of 04/01/2009 as of 01.01.2010 Deviation Debt to equity ratio (actual) 0,906 0,599 -0,307 Equity level (actual) 0,524 0,625 0,101 Coverage ratio of non-current assets with own capital (actual) 0,729 0,904 0,175 Security ratio own funds -0,565 -0,132 0,433 Coverage ratio 0,704 0,822 0,118 Intermediate coverage ratio 0,428 0,506 0,078 Quick liquidity ratio 0,007 0,007 0,000 Cash inflow coverage ratio (Beaver ratio) 0,115 0,143 0,027 Self-financing interval, days 167,783 190,947 23,164




An analysis of the financial stability of the Enterprise allows us to speak of a significant margin of safety due to the high level of equity (actual), which at the end of the analyzed period amounted to 0.625 (with a recommended value of at least 0.600). Thus, by the end of the analyzed period, the Company had ample opportunities to attract additional borrowed funds without the risk of loss of financial stability.

The equity ratio at the end of the period was -0.132, which is worse than the established normative value (0.10).

The ratio of borrowed and equity capital (actual) at the beginning of the analyzed period was 0.906, at the end of the period 0.599 (with a recommended value of less than 0.700).

The coverage ratio of short-term debt by current assets at the end of the period was 0.822, with a recommended value of 1.00 to 2.00. Thus, for the analyzed period, the Company remained unable to repay current liabilities at the expense of inventories, finished products, cash, receivables and other current assets.

Beaver's ratio, equal to the ratio of cash inflows to total amount debt, at the end of the analyzed period amounted to 0.143, at the beginning of 0.115. According to international standards, the recommended value of this indicator is in the range of 0.042 - 0.100 (annualized 0.17 - 0.4). The obtained value of the indicator makes it possible to classify the Company as a low risk of loss of solvency.

The self-financing interval of the Enterprise at the end of the period amounted to 191 days, which indicates a high level of the Enterprise's reserves to finance its costs from working capital. IN international practice it is considered normal if this indicator exceeds 90 days.

• 2.6 Comprehensive assessment of the financial condition

A comprehensive assessment of the Enterprise is carried out according to several indicators (see table No. 7). In accordance with the values ​​of the indicators, the enterprise belongs to one of four groups according to the point system:

1. The first group (sum of points 21-25)- The enterprise has high profitability and it is financially stable. The solvency of the Company is not in doubt. The quality of financial and production management high. The company has excellent chances for further development.
2. Second group (sum of points 11-20)- Solvency and financial stability of the Enterprise are, in general, at an acceptable level. The company has a satisfactory level of profitability, although some indicators are below the recommended values. It should be noted that this Enterprise is not sufficiently resistant to fluctuations market demand on products (services) and other factors of financial and economic activity. Working with the Enterprise requires a balanced approach.
3. Third group (sum of points 4-10)- The company is financially unstable, it has low profitability to maintain solvency at an acceptable level. As a rule, such an Enterprise has overdue debts. To bring the Company out of the crisis, significant changes should be made in its financial and economic activities. Investments in the Enterprise are associated with increased risk.
4. Fourth group (sum of points 0-3)- The company is in a deep financial crisis. The amount of accounts payable is large, it is not able to pay off its obligations. Financial stability of the Enterprise is almost completely lost. The value of the indicator return on equity does not allow us to hope for improvement. The degree of the crisis of the Enterprise is so deep that the probability of improvement of the situation, even in the event of a fundamental change in financial and economic activities, is low.

Table 7. - Calculation of a comprehensive assessment of the financial condition of the Enterprise

Name of indicator Groups 1 2 3 4 Return on equity (ROE, adjusted to the year), % > 10,500 5,250 - 10,500 0.001 - 5,249 <= 0 29,230 Equity level, % >= 70 60 - 69.999 50 - 59.999 < 50 62,530 Coverage ratio of non-current assets by own capital > 1.1 1.0 - 1.1 0.8 - 0.999 < 0.8 0,904 Duration of turnover of short-term debt on cash payments, days 1 - 60 61 - 90 91 - 180 > 180; = 0 179 The duration of the turnover of net industrial working capital, days 1 - 30 > 30; (-10) - (-1) (-30) - (-11) < -30; = 0 -29 Interval price 5 3 1 0 Sum of points 11

The data are presented on an accrual basis as of 01.01.2010.

The enterprise belongs to the second group of investment attractiveness.

Solvency and financial stability of the Enterprise are, in general, at an acceptable level. The company has a satisfactory level of profitability, although some indicators are below the recommended values. It should be noted that this Enterprise is not sufficiently resistant to fluctuations in market demand for products (services) and other factors of financial and economic activity. Working with the Enterprise requires a balanced approach.

Conclusion

The Russian market of software products offers a wide range of programs and software systems for the operational analysis of the enterprise, for a comprehensive analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise at the current moment and in dynamics, with the possibility of comparison with other enterprises, as well as for the analysis of investment projects at the implementation stage.

In this paper, the most common software products in this area were considered, a comprehensive economic analysis of the enterprise was carried out according to reporting data (balance sheet, profit and loss statement) using a demo version of the INEK-AFSP software product from INEK. This program allows you to calculate most of the indicators used in complex analysis, and also gives an interpretation of the results. But the last word always remains with the person who analyzes the information received and makes a decision based on the analysis.

List of used literature

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4. Information systems in economics: a textbook for university students studying in the specialties "Finance and credit", "Accounting, analysis and audit" and specialties in economics and management / Ed. G.A. Titorenko. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2008. - 463 p.;
5. Kovalev V.V. Financial analysis: Methods and procedures / V.V. Kovalev. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2004. - 560s.;
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7. Chernysheva Yu.G., Kochergin A.L. Complex economic analysis of economic activity / Yu.G. Chernyshev. - Rostov n / D .: Phoenix, 2007. - 433 p.;
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9. Official site of the company "Inek" [Electronic resource] // URL:http://www.inec.ru/ ;
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12. The official site of the company "Best" [Electronic resource]// URL:http://www.bestnet.ru/ ;
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