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1

Computer workshop studies. manual for future specialists in ex. staff

Tutorial is intended for methodological support of natural science disciplines of the regional university component "Computer Training" and "Computer Workshop" for students of the specialty 080505 "Personnel Management".

Colors Choosing different colors for the design of a Web page can greatly improve appearance and "readability

Preview: Computer workshop.pdf (25.6 Mb)

2

Abstract. The urgency of the problem is due to the effectiveness of the use information resources libraries in a developing information and communication environment and the presence of a large number of texts containing verbal and non-verbal components, an alloy of heterogeneous semiotic structures. The possibility of transferring different methods of measuring the productivity of reading verbal texts to the study of texts of a new nature is substantiated. Hardware methods for measuring reading productivity are analyzed based on the registration of oculograms, myograms in a historical context. The conclusion is made about the prospects of using eye-trackers to study the productivity of reading texts of a new nature. The presence of different terms for this type of texts is noted: media, creolized, polycode, video-verbal, isoverbal, linguo-visual, semiotically complicated texts. Their real existence in the information-library and pedagogical environment requires the solution of qualitological and qualimetric tasks. As an example, the competition “Immerse yourself in the work of A.S. Pushkin”, organized by the Association of School Librarians of the Russian World, in which the materials were creolized texts. Directions for the study of reading productivity are outlined to improve the efficiency of various intellectual and information activities of people in the interests of the future of libraries.

<...> <...> <...> <...>

3

When assembly robots appeared in factories, unskilled workers were afraid that robots would take their places. And they took it. And they continue to borrow, becoming smarter, faster and more accurate. Only artists, writers and analysts felt calm. But even in their work, the breeze of change is already beginning to blow, which is about to fall in a hurricane of competition - with artificial intelligence

RCA-301 wrote blank verses with a strictly specified size: Machine Can quickly throw a couple of meaningful readable<...>Instead, one machine can quickly throw out a couple of meaningful readable paragraphs about the results of the match.

4

The postulates of a new direction of research are formulated - comparative media linguistics, which reveals differences in the functioning of languages ​​in the media - and a method is proposed for the comparative typological study of mass media discourse at the hypertext, mini-text and text levels, differentiated in accordance with the sequence of orientation of a person in the environment. environment.

The structure of detailed mass media messages is due to the need to ensure their readability (readability).<...>The readability of this block is provided by the coreferential function of the definite article and the demonstrative<...>signs, determining the specifics of the theme-rhematic articulation of headings and text paragraphs in terms of their readability

5

LabVIEW: programming style

Moscow: DMK-Press

The author of the book suggests practical advice to improve every facet of your LabVIEW application: efficiency, readability, ease of use, use and support, performance and reliability. Bloom explains each rule in detail, illustrates them life examples. There are even examples "on the contrary": what exactly should not be done and why.

Readability Readability refers to how easy it is for a developer to understand source programs.<...>I recommend using lists because of their maximum readability.<...>This will affect both the performance of the VI and its readability.<...>Documentation is used to support and enhance the readability of the graphics code.<...>Documentation is directly related to readability, ease of maintenance and use.

Preview: LabVIEW programming style.pdf (6.0 Mb)

6

The article reveals the pedagogical interactive potential of screen digital devices. The essence of the text is revealed from the point of view of didactics. The main attention is paid to the dialogical essence of the text. It is concluded that modern information and communication devices make it possible to implement the principle of interactivity when working with texts.

this object; - the difficulty of the text - the ratio of the type of text and the language competence of the compiler; - readability<...>Difficulty and readability effects refer to the problem of human interaction with text.

7

The need to use information tools in the modern medical laboratory there is no doubt: neither their effectiveness nor the benefits of effectively managing the huge amount of information that must be collected, stored, processed, made available and presented simultaneously in many ways, in many places and to many users does not require argumentation.

Qualitative (accuracy, readability, completeness, reliability, etc.) and economic<...>work (more essential, less "automatic"), changing the quality of information (accurate, reliable, readable

8

Strategic management method. instructions for coursework

Methodical instructions are intended for course work on the discipline " Strategic management» in the sixth semester by full-time students in the direction of preparation 080200.62 - Management. IN guidelines the main requirements for the content and design are given term paper provided for curriculum in this discipline in accordance with the work program.

be concise without introductory words and duplication, all information presented should be visual and readable<...>use the same font size for all headings on each slide, while keeping readability in mind<...>use a single font size on each slide, including for tables, while readability must be taken into account<...>Note that sans-serif fonts (Arial, Verdana, Tahoma) are more readable in electronic texts.

Preview: Strategic management.pdf (0.4 Mb)

9

The article deals with such concepts as "reading quality", "criterion", "industry literature", "motives", "productivity". The system of criteria for reading industry literature is described in accordance with the cluster principle, their consideration in library and information services. The criteria for the quality of reading as a bond of social and personal reader's socialization are substantiated. The possibility of a transition in the reader's qualification "from information to knowledge and to the methodology of mastering knowledge" is outlined in the context of reader's socialization as a strategy of life and education.

reading speed, text acquisition rate (comprehension and memorization), normalization rate and readability<...>They are relevant both to the text in terms of readability, and to the subject of reading activity in terms of

10

No. 6 [Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Philology, 2015]

The scientific journal was separated into an independent periodical from the general scientific journal "Bulletin of Tomsk state university» in 2007. The journal was created with the aim of: – publishing articles and reviews on topical issues of modern philological science: linguistics, literary criticism, communication studies; – promoting the development of theoretical and practical research in the field of socio-humanitarian knowledge; – establishing and strengthening scientific ties between scientists from different regions of Russia and other countries. Included in the VAK List

Thus, it is assumed that the readability index of the text, determined by the readability formulas<...>On this moment there are more than two hundred different readability formulas that are widely practiced<...>In Russian linguistics, the issue of insufficient study of readability in relation to texts<...> Significant Contribution I.V. contributed to the development of the readability formula for texts in Russian.<...>Readability formulas as a text analysis tool // Language. Society. Consciousness: Sat. Art.

Preview: Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Philology №6 2015.pdf (0.9 Mb)

11

No. 3 [Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 10. Journalism, 2017]

The journal is peer-reviewed scientific publication, publications in which are recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission in the specialty "Philology", "Journalism"

registration 4 Availability of site map 1 Contact information 2 Availability feedback 3 Yandex TIC (CY) 1 Readability<...>”, since there are more than three fonts on the site (Times New Roman, Calibri, Inherit, Arial); one point for "Readability<...>The rating was reduced by two points according to the criteria "Font readability", because when you first enter the site, the size<...>The rating was reduced by one point for the criterion "Font readability", because on home page there are headlines<...>Notes 1 The design is evaluated according to the following parameters: style integrity (4 points), readability

Preview: Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 10. Journalism №3 2017.pdf (0.2 Mb)

12

In the “Security” column No. 8 of the Banking Technologies magazine for 2015, we began a story about profiling and graph analysis as tools that can significantly expand the security and forecasting capabilities in the banking sector. We continue the interview with Tatyana GUDELOVOY, psychologist, graphologist, Moscow representative of the Institute of Graph Analysis Inessa Goldberg and Konstantin MITROSHIN, profiler, specialist of ANO DPO "Research Center corporate security»

. ◆ Readable - socially oriented, in combination with other signs of a social orientation<...>adopted laws, moral principles. ◆ Clear right and left margin - the need to stay within. ◆ Readability

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M.: PROMEDIA

An experimental study is presented, conducted among students of the 7th grade of schools in Moscow and the Moscow region in 2009, the purpose of which was to compare the quality of reading and understanding text from a sheet and from a computer screen. The tasks, methods and analysis of the research results are considered.

The readability of the text is average. The second text is journalistic, popular science.<...>The overall readability of the text is also average.

14

How to write a press release

book world

The book is the first complete instruction for writing press releases in Russia. Readers will get acquainted with the press release constructor, learn how to correctly create the main compositional elements - title, lead, body text, help, signature. The book exposes special journalistic techniques to enhance a press release: the use of celebrities, conflicts, statistics, provides a secret dictionary of sensational journalism. The author offers a lot of armor-piercing recipes for searching, producing and simulating events to form an informational occasion. The most valuable information and recommendations are drawn from the kitchen of media editors - how they throw away, cut or use press releases.

The title is wonderful, very accurately embodies the principle of readability, the priests of which are not unreasonably<...>we will answer it, discussing both the informational occasion and the journalistic criteria of significance / readability<...>and they immediately throw away such texts (unless there are additional motives to look for grains of readability there<...>And they will most often be right, because editors, not press secretaries, are the priests of readability.<...>But they, the priests of readability, clearly understand that if you give a press release in its entirety and state all the nonsense

Preview: How to write a press release.pdf (0.1 Mb)

15

Among all possible sources of information about suicide, suicide notes are the only evidence of a personal interpretation by the deceased of the reasons and reasons for his act, which is especially valuable for developing strategies for preventive intervention. The article presents the results of the analysis of the formal characteristics and content of 77 suicide notes. Information about the addressee of the note, the declared reason, the manifested affect, the dominant theme, and the direction of the accusations were evaluated. An analysis was made of the relationship between these features and the demographic characteristics of the individuals included in the study. Sample: average age - 43.8 years, 87% - men. 75% of the notes had certain addressees, in 32.2% the appeal was sent to the spouse. In 55.8% of cases, the main topic of the note was "apology", in 50.7% - "the inability to endure pain / illness", and the main emotion expressed in half of the cases was "guilt". The vast majority of the notes with the topic "accusation" belonged to men (92.6%), in 60% of them the accusation was directed to the spouse. Among women, the most frequently recorded motives were “avoidance” (80%) and “self-punishment” (40%), among men – “protest/revenge” and “coercion” – 32.8% and 23.9%, respectively. The dominant emotion in women was "guilt" (80%), in men - "regret" (42.4%). Women's notes were characterized by large volume, accuracy, literacy and consistency. For people aged 26-35 years, the main reasons for suicide were "protest / revenge" and "coercion", and for the range of 66-75 years - "avoidance" and "rational refusal"

10.4%) 2 (20%) Accuracy (N=77) accurate 31 (40.3%) 26 (38.8%) 5 (50%) V=0.084, p=0.761 fairly readable<...>neat 0 4 (57.1%) 6 (33.3%) 8 (42.1%) 5 (35.7%) 3 (42.9%) 2 (40%) 2 (66.7%) V =0.245, p=0.905 readable enough

16

The catalogs of Distrelec 2016–2017, one of the largest European catalog distributors, have arrived in Russia. The catalog is printed in hard cover, A4 format, with color design and protective packaging and contains more than 50,000 new items annually and over 150,000 items ready for instant shipment of goods in a warehouse in Holland

Using intuitive, hierarchical references to individual registers will make tests readable

17

A significant event - the Year of Literature-2015 - was the start in the search for new forms of promoting reading, the beginning of the implementation creative ideas, close to today's youth, an incentive to go beyond the library.

the main image is a guideline, a message to the main idea of ​​the project; 4 block - "grid" of the calendar - readable

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M.: PROMEDIA

The transition to specialized education as a prerequisite for the modernization of education.

If you photograph them and bring them into a readable form, you can display them on the screen through the projector.

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V. 66 No. 2 [Library science, 2017]

The journal is devoted to a wide range of problems of the content and organization of the activities of libraries as one of the most important social institutions in the field of culture, science, education, information, examines the issues of librarianship in a socio-cultural context, in the unity of modern problems and history, theory and practice, in conjunction with humanities, against the backdrop of global processes in this area. The journal is addressed to librarians and information workers, librarians, bibliologists, bibliographers, teachers, graduate students, students of universities and colleges of culture and arts, universities, book readers, bibliophiles.

How to measure the integrativity of the readability of such texts?<...>The readability of verbal texts is understood as the degree of complexity of their construction.<...>Readability affects reading productivity and is determined by R. Flesh's formula.<...>And how to measure the readability (easiness / difficulty of perception) of texts in which there are various kinds of<...>The study of the productivity of the perception of multimedia texts and their readability is important, first of all, for

Preview: Library Science T.66 No. 2 2017.pdf (0.2 Mb)

20

For more than 120 years of the history of the magazine "Fire Business", the founders have repeatedly changed. And times were different. Including the very difficult thirties, the harsh forties ... But there were also quite free, interesting ones. Needless to say, in any period of time, the personality of the editor-in-chief of the journal was of particular importance. From 1998 to 2012 The publication was headed by Valery Ivanovich Busygin. He was unanimously chosen by the editorial staff for this post.

To raise the prestige, readability, scientific and practical component of the journal, new

21

A YEAR AGO, in the second issue of the Uchitel magazine, my article “Education Quality Management” was published, which addressed the issues of improving the quality of education through the creation and implementation of a development program educational institution. Today, continuing the conversation on this topic, I suggest readers to get acquainted with the experience of the team of MBOU gymnasium No. g.o. Railway to improve the quality of education through the "hidden" reserves of the school.

level of analytical activity; - and, most importantly, the analysis technology is understandable to everyone without exception, readable

22

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AT PRACTICAL CLASSES ON THE DISCIPLINE "MODERN MEANS OF ASSESSING LEARNING OUTCOMES"

The present teaching aid is the result of many years of practice in teaching the discipline "Modern Means of Assessing Learning Outcomes" by the author and is a practical lesson plan that describes in detail the recommendations for organizing classroom and self-study learning activities students based on interactive technologies.

<...>their ideas on the problem in the form of text and / or visualization (diagram, table, etc.) so that the records are readable<...>their ideas on the problem in the form of text and / or visualization (diagram, table, etc.) so that the records are readable

Preview: INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AT PRACTICAL CLASSES ON THE DISCIPLINE "MODERN MEANS OF ASSESSING LEARNING OUTCOMES".pdf (0.4 Mb)

23

The books under review, belonging to the rather rare genre of oral history in our historical literature, tell about the life of peasants from several villages and villages on the border of the Dmitrovsky district of the Oryol region and the Komarichsky district of the Bryansk region in Soviet times. This territory, in the past the famous Komaritskaya volost, was occupied by German troops in the autumn of 1941. In the summer-autumn of 1943, during the battle on the Orel-Kursk Bulge, this land was the front line and the site of fierce fighting during the offensive of the Soviet troops.

source study task: to convert the "interlinear" (initial, inevitably chaotic in form, records) into a readable

24

The art of visualization in business

Moscow: Mann, Ivanov and Ferber

Visualization in business is the ability to present data in such a way that allows you to quickly analyze it, present it effectively, and, of course, apply it in life. After reading this book, you will learn how to collect and format information, create high-quality charts, graphs and maps from it. Using for visualization purposes Adobe Illustrator, interactive graphics with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Flash graphics, and maps created in R, Python, and SVG, you can creatively present your data and tell compelling stories with it. For those who work with a lot of information: project managers, analysts, consultants, marketers.

This will again improve the readability of the chart.<...>This sorting method should improve the readability of your chart.<...>This way you will improve the readability of the matrix.<...>It would be nice to make the captions more readable.<...>The goal of design is to make graphics more readable, understandable, and useful.

Preview: The Art of Visualization in Business.pdf (0.1 Mb)

25

You come to VDNKh, look around. Here is the world's largest skating rink (if in winter), here is the world's most expensive dolphinarium ( all year round), here is the Vostok rocket, here is the Stone Flower fountain. Something is missing.

Modern ones are quite readable.

26

There are books that you have to read from the very beginning, overpowering yourself - what if it will be interesting further? Sometimes this effort is justified, but more often the first impression is the most correct. With this novel, the situation is completely different. It is well written and well translated. This is a fascinating story that immediately suggests some kind of secret, saved by the author in the end. And in order to solve it, you must definitely read the entire book to the end. And this does not cause any resistance, because the reading is easy and informative, and the story captures, completely immersing the reader in the world of American students.

If we abstract from real history, looks quite readable. Vasina N.

27

Nowadays in Russia it is difficult to find a car repair master who would not have heard of the SOLID brand. They may not remember what color this or that putty has in a huge line of SOLID materials, but everyone knows that this is a world-famous brand. In honor of the 15th anniversary of the SOLID brand in Russia, KUZOV magazine asked Sergey Vlasov, SOLID brand development manager, to tell in more detail about the main achievements of the brand

Pictograms have become more readable, captions have been added to them.

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Experience in the implementation of medical information systems(MIS) indicates that this area of ​​application information technologies in our country is still far from those real opportunities declared in this direction in the first years of the emergence personal computers and network information technologies.

In the group of ergonomic functions of MIS, it is necessary to note the readability of records; quick appointment option

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The article is devoted to the issues of presenting documents of the Archival Fund Russian Federation- historical sources - in the electronic environment. An overview of the international experience of electronic publication of archival materials is given, as well as a source study and archaeographic analysis of published electronic copies.

may be digitized in a non-color mode, or for good intentions (in order to improve readability<...>a color copy of the front side of the document is presented, its overcontracted copy, "raising the text" for readability

30

Machine vision allows manufacturing companies to solve three problems at the same time: optimize product quality, reduce costs and automate production. The article discusses the solutions of COGNEX (USA) - DataMan code readers, In-Sight vision systems and Checker video sensors..

using machine vision important tool to determine the correct application of the readable

31

One more biography - certainly not the last, because the life of a wonderful person in perhaps the most glorious and romantic segment Russian history never stops being interesting. By the way, the hero himself understood this and was his first biographer himself. "Some features from the life of Denis Vasilyevich Davydov" he wrote with humor, grace of style and easily recognizable fiction, with which many bright people often decorate their speech, giving real situations, even the most ordinary, the originality of a literary plot.

Quite readable, in some places interesting, except for the cloth language and liberties in the spirit of the Soviet

32

the article analyzes the relationship between journalism and fiction, investigates the similarities and differences between these two types of literature, and identifies intermediate forms. Such criteria for classifying a work as one or another type, such as the ratio of fact and fiction and the form of publication, are considered. Proved that fiction and journalism are united by such features as the use of archetypes, ironic and pathetic modality, at the same time, journalism and fiction differ in the degree of emotional reflection of a communicative event

careful reading, ignoring comes from the mass of outdated and uninteresting topics in which readable

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gravitates towards the “unreadability” of the “closed text” for the elite (which is a sign of modernism), or towards the “readability

34

M.: PROMEDIA

Mind mapping training.

Draw a final version of the mind% map to make it readable. eleven.

35

the article is devoted to the analysis of the leading media in Vietnam, their history, role, image and real impact on society. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Vietnamese media in the era of globalization.

an overabundance of officialdom, from the presentation of only party and state leaders, expects a diverse and readable

36

Consultant: Lyudmila Fedorovna Solovieva, Head of the Department of Information Systems and Natural Sciences, Nevsky Institute of Language and Culture, St. Petersburg, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences

.) is "readability", so it's better not to use textures for background, but for text - font color

“Chief editor of the GetGoodRank blog, web analyst, blogger.
The perception of text and information depends on the comfort of reading. We tell you how to improve the readability of the text on the site in 8 simple recommendations.

Readability - the ease of perception of words, sentences, text structures on the page. This metric comes from the fact that complex words, sentences, large paragraphs or solid text are more difficult to perceive than simple structures.

• use simple words instead of terms and jargon
• break complex sentences into simple ones
• avoid long listings in a sentence
• break long paragraphs, following the rule:

1 paragraph = 1 idea

Readability also depends on other text parameters.

Let's talk about how to make the content on the page easy to read. It often happens that despite the value and usefulness of the information, the visitor does not feel like wading through the jungle of text.

When reading text on paper, the user uses the word-by-word reading technique. On websites and apps, users scan text. According to NNGroup research, users view 20 to 28% of the words on a website page.

To increase the amount of learned text, it must be optimized.

1. Correct font

The font is one of the key factors in the readability of the text. Choose standard fonts. Put aside all creative solutions.

Headings should be easily recognizable. Do not use all caps in headings. The difference in letter size improves the readability of the text. Given that the titles are short, creative font options are possible here.

For body text, use standard sans-serif fonts: Arial, Helvetica, Trebuchet, Lucida Sans, Verdana.

2. Font size

The main task of the designer is to create an optimal picture for all types of screens from which the user can read text. Therefore, a fixed pixel font size for desktop may look somewhat large on mobile and tablet screens. Note that a comfortable font size also depends on the age, vision and personal preferences of the user.

Some UX optimizers claim that optimal size font - 16px. While others argue that it is more correct to define the font size in percentage. Then the font adapts to personal browser settings and different screen resolutions. Keep in mind that users keep their gadgets further away from their eyes than books.

The best font size for a page is one that mobile device the user does not have to zoom in on the page for comfortable reading.

3. Contrast

The contrast between background and text is another important factor that affects the readability of text. The rule is simple:

the greater the contrast between text and background, the easier it is to read

Low contrast increases the load on the eyes, and so, the perception of information worsens.

Also, the load on vision and consciousness is increased due to dynamic, "noisy" backgrounds - a picture instead of a background. If the image in the background is still necessary, then the text on the page should be placed only in plain areas with high contrast with respect to the text.

Nikita Obukhov, in his article on the 10 rules of storytelling, points out:

When the text is given a large space, it opens up and becomes more readable.

Do not overdo it with design and color - an abundance of styles draws attention and interferes with the assimilation of information. Develop an ascetic in yourself.

4. Brevity

The user enters the site in order to find the answer to the question, he does not intend to study large amounts of text. The optimal line length for comfortable reading is 50-60 characters. Longer lines are perceived more difficult. In addition, the desire to read such a text is reduced. Long lines scatter attention, eyes begin to move chaotically along the lines of text.

5. Padding

Reading from a screen is more tiring than reading from a sheet. On average, the user takes 25% more time to master the same amount of text from the screen.

75% of users scan text on a website. Breakdown into short paragraphs (up to 5 lines), short capacious sentences make it easier to perceive the entire array of text and increase reading comfort.

When reading from the screen, the user looks for keywords in the text. And although SEO-optimizers have long been moving away from highlighting in bold, italics, underlining keywords on the page though important points should be visually highlighted. This will grab attention and signal to the user that the paragraph contains relevant information on the topic.

6. Start with the essentials

The main problem with any text on 90% of sites is a long, irrelevant and useless introduction about how "ships surf space." When writing for the web, remember:

• user is limited in time
• the user wants an answer to a question, not a read for fun
• figurative speech and artistic style do not correspond to the goals and objectives of the user (with the exception of literary resources)

Remove introductions that introduce or introduce the reader to the issue, it's useless. The user is already familiar with the “I don’t want to” problem and is looking for a solution.

7. Users don't have time to decipher terms and jargon

This recommendation is directly related to the previous one. Users don't have time to decipher complex terms. If you can’t do without a term, let’s decipher it right away. To write the text, select a number of synonyms for complex terms and jargon.

The terms in the text do not confirm your competence in the topic. In fact, everything is exactly the opposite. The simpler and more accessible you can explain a complex topic, the higher your competence in the topic is perceived.

8. Visual breakdown

In addition to paragraph breaks, text needs other formatting elements that will give the text "more air" and make it easier to read and scan.

• in each paragraph, the main idea (sentence or phrase) is visually highlighted
• lists are great for structuring text and making it easier to scan
• it is better to make out the main ideas with quotes or information cuts
• simplify perception and reduce cognitive load. Make sure the images are useful and not just for show.
• headings and subheadings make it easy to scan and identify the right information on the page.

conclusions

GetGoodRank assessors check the quality of text formatting: font size of headings and text, background and color, paragraph breaks, use of additional content.

GetGoodRank Subscribers get a portion every week useful tips optimizing UX and content in newsletters. Don't forget to subscribe!

10 copywriting tips to improve readability

With the development of the Internet and website building, the demand for good and high-quality copywriters is only growing. This profession is very popular among beginner freelancers. Personally, I know about a dozen people who started their way into the world of online earnings with copywriting. Someone manages to write well, they develop their skills and abilities, reach a decent level, earning thousands of dollars, and someone cannot jump above $ 1 per 1000 characters. What could be the problem? Of course, if you understand this issue in more detail, you can find dozens of success and failure factors, but today we will talk about one very important thing - readability.

I am sure that those of you who wrote texts to order, in terms of reference faced with a similar wording - "the text must be literate, interesting and readable." And many the word "readability" enters into a small stupor. What is it, how to measure it, what text will be readable and what will not? If everything is clear with literacy, there are hundreds of rules of the Russian language, then each customer evaluates readability in his own way.
But whatever the evaluation criteria are, you still need to focus on generally accepted norms. I myself very often encountered the fact that different people evaluate the same text differently in terms of readability. Therefore, today I would like to give you 10 tips, using which you can definitely please any, even the most picky, customer.

You ask, who am I to give such advice? To be honest, my path began precisely with copywriting, and in the first month of my work I reached the level of $ 700, and after three months I was earning more than $ 2,000 a month exclusively by writing articles. And if you take into account my experience not only as a executor of texts, but also as a customer for my Internet projects, then believe me, I can give good advice beginner copywriters, suggest how to improve the readability of the text.

1. Font
This advice is more related to the layout of texts on the site. Always pay attention to the font and its size. If you want the text to not cause disgust from the very first seconds, and no matter how beautifully it is written and how much useful information, try to use a standard font, without unnecessary rounding and serifs. Over the years spent on the Internet, users have already become accustomed to certain fonts (Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Calibri), therefore, there is no need to make a revolution and try to change everything with your site in one day.
Also pay attention to the font size. It should not be very large or very small. The ideal range is from 11 to 13. Personally, I always try to use size 12, because it is more familiar and common.

2. Color combination
The common truth is that it is much easier to read in black and white. This is the perfect combination of colors that does not strain the eyes at all. When I see sites with a blue, yellow, brown background, despite the fact that the text also has some kind of “poisonous” color, the desire to start reading such an article disappears instantly.
If your site is built in such a way that it is very difficult to provide a combination of black and white, then try to make the colors as neutral tones as possible so that the user can read the text for several minutes or even longer without much difficulty.

3. Sentence length
Do not create very large sentences that drag on for entire paragraphs. Personally, I advise each thought to fit a maximum of two lines. This way the reader will not be overwhelmed by heavy turns, strange transitions and combinations of inappropriate phrases. Of course, sometimes there are cases when the sentence just “flows” and it makes no sense to fit it into the specified interval. Yes, this is possible, but I'm not saying that you always strictly adhere to the indicated sizes, just try to keep long and very heavy phrases to a minimum.

4. Alternation
If you are used to writing long sentences (it happens that a copywriter has such a style), then to improve readability, try to alternate between short and long phrases. This will allow you to “unload” your text a little, make it more interesting and easier to read.

6. The twitter rule
I recently read an article in which a very famous businessman talked about the Twitter rule. He advised all thoughts to build in such a way that they fit into a short message on Twitter. This will allow you to be concise, clear, as accurate as possible and without unnecessary words to convey the idea to the listener. Of course, when writing texts this rule not always possible to use, but keep in mind that according to statistics, the most optimal and easily perceived sentence size ranges from 80 to 130 characters.

7. Text headings
If you are familiar with SEO optimization, then you understand how important correct and readable text titles are. So, if you want your text to be well readable, learn how to correctly use headings. Very long headlines, in several lines, are very annoying, and it is difficult to put the essence of the article into short ones. Try to keep the title within 70 characters.
There must be a main heading that reveals the essence of the article, in which the central idea is succinctly placed. If I write a text for 5-7 thousand characters, then I try to use a few more “local” headings that help to make a semantic division of the text, let the readers understand what will be discussed now.
I repeat once again, do not write continuous “sheets” of text, because neither readers nor customers like them. Try to use paragraphs, headings, lists and other elements that make the text more interesting.

8. Key thoughts and quotes
When I write texts on business topics, I very often use some interesting thoughts, statements, quotes. famous people. They motivate, give confidence, push to continue reading the article. As a rule, such quotes should be made more visible. I'm trying to make them slanted and placed to the right of the text. You can use any other methods, but remember that this is a quote, and it should not be larger and more noticeable than the title, but at the same time you need to distinguish it from the style of the body text.

9. Italics
On paper, italics look great. It is easy to read, beautiful, does not strain the eyes. But the computer screen conveys this effect a little differently. As a rule, a lot of italics is not very good. Try to use this style very carefully, to highlight some key thoughts, quotes, direct speech, etc.

If we talk about the total length of the text, then it all depends on the subject and purpose. I will say one thing, that good informative articles, which reveal the whole essence of the issue, should be from 5000 characters. I most often get texts of 7-8 thousand characters, and this is what I consider the best option.
That, perhaps, is all the advice that I wanted to give you. Of course, I'm not a super guru and could miss something, so if you also have something to add, write in the comments, and this article will be supplemented with the most practical recommendations.

Terms should be distinguished: readability, readability, readability. Readability (in the sense of recognition) can also be attributed to one sign - i.e. you can talk about readability road sign or logo. Readability rather refers to the word - i.e. we can talk about the readability of the word, inscription, typeface. Readability or reading comfort depends on many different factors, ranging from the width of the line to the education of the reader. This term rather refers to the dialing strip. In a book of more than four hundred pages, the problem of readability must be solved (unless, of course, another task is set).

The quality of the reading process can be judged from two sides - speed and comfort (convenience). The second while reading long texts" more important. Reading speed is largely related to the anatomy of letters. The word is perceived when read by a normal adult as a whole - as sailing ship, with its characteristic rhythm of masts and sails. According to experts, the basis of the readability of the Latin alphabet is set by ascenders and descenders and a dot over i, as well as the alternation of rounded and angular characters. The Cyrillic alphabet in these parameters differs significantly from the Latin. Its rhythm is usually compared to a palisade. Ho we somehow "manage" to read it.

There are two views on the problem of readability. On the one hand, everything can be read, on the other hand, a rather narrow choice of typefaces is actually used for typing “long texts” (in terms of not the number of titles, but proportions and plasticity).

B modern approaches There are two extreme positions on the problem of readability. One of them was formulated for the last time in the 60s. representatives of the Swiss school of typography. In those years, they tried to create or choose some kind of universal and non-national font. They were also looking for a final solution to the dispute about the best readability between flag and off texts. And even found! Then it was argued that the font should be universal, readable and should not be too personal or special, so as not to distort the content with its aesthetics.

The result of this aesthetic approach was the fashion for the Times and Helvetica typefaces, and their ubiquitous dominance, which, despite all the advantages of these typefaces, by the 80s already caused aesthetic protest among many designers. The second position was formed as the spread digital technologies. Many designers and layout designers deny the problem of readability, "if only the layout was convenient."

Depending on the circulation and the specifics of the audience, the problem of meeting a certain level of legibility and familiarity of type design may become more or less important. Simply put, if you are publishing a book with a circulation of 1 to 100 copies for a well-imagined reader, then the problem of readability can not be discussed. If the circulation is 100,000, then the design idea, design techniques and jokes should be understood by at least 90,000 readers, or at least not offend them. Popular magazines serve as an example - the larger the circulation and the clearer the electorate, the more restrained, familiar and predictable the design becomes. The exception is publications (as a rule, small circulation), the specifics of which are a shocking impression or professional topics in the field of design. That is, the aesthetics of readability can be opposed to the aesthetics of shocking and "design for the sake of design."

The aesthetics of the book set, as well as the construction of the book, have not fundamentally changed since the incunabula1, except for technological improvements, mainly related to paper quality, reduction of dot gain when printing and increasing the speed of typesetting. We do not hesitate to choose fonts from John Baskerville and Giambattista Bodoni, Christophe Plantin and Claude Garamond, the Didot family or William Caslon, which were born 200, 300, 400 or more years ago, from the Font menu to realize our own ideas.

Factors Affecting Reading Speed

An enumeration of the main problems related to readability can be found in a collected and compressed form in the book of the German type designer A. Capra. In particular, he claims that well-known classical and modern fonts are readable.

Set in capital letters (the experiment was carried out in the Latin alphabet, but in this case it is of no fundamental importance - ed.) is read 12% slower than direct lowercase. This is due to the fact that they are about 35% wider than the inline style. If one adheres to the view of the reading process as a spasmodic one, then it is clear that for jumps of the same length, the reader “swallows” fewer letters when typing in capitals. In part, this can be explained by habit - we are used to reading books typed in lowercase characters.

Italics read almost as well as roman,

1 Incunabula - books printed in typesetting before 1500.

25 -

but only in "medium" length texts.

The same can be said about bold styles. The main typesetting font is not too light and medium in boldness.

On the superiority of grotesques in readability over serif serifs no consensus. They are usually recommended for literacy and are not recommended for typing fiction.

Letters must be black and printed on white or cream paper. All other options lose in terms of readability2. Here we can recall the reproaches made by D. Bodoni's contemporaries that he began to use too white paper and too saturated black paint in pursuit of external showiness and harm to the eyes. He justified himself by saying that paper loses its brightness over time, that black paint will also lose saturation after a few centuries, and that if the eyes feel uncomfortable from the contrast of type and paper, then you can choose a less lit place.

The most readable for a normally developed adult is a text typed in 9 or 10 pt on veneers of 2 points (if the distance between the lines had to be increased, then thin one- or two-point metal rulers (veneers) were inserted between them). It should be noted that the readability of the set is also determined by the line width, paper and print quality.

The ideal line width for fiction is 22 picero, for scientific texts- 28 piceros (especially if the text contains long

2 Warning! If you do not want the reader to send curses on your head, in no case use combinations such as light ITC Garamond, 8-point size, white or bright on a black background in a set of long materials (two pages of magazine text or more). shades. Everything is fine on the screen, but the eyes will hurt at the fifth paragraph. If you still want to use a small size on a black background, then it is better to take a bold grotesque style, but not narrowed. And no more than a few paragraphs.

Second warning! The use of bright backgrounds under the text is powerful means of expression, Ho remember that it is difficult to read text against a bright background, but it is possible if the background is not very contrasting, muted, and the text is of sufficient size and boldness (only checked empirically on paper). It is impossible to read the text without a magnifying glass if the figure under the text is rasterized or consists of an illusory volumetric texture, and the raster or texture elements are commensurate with the size of lowercase characters. In the first case, interference occurs, and the letters merge with the image. Volumetric texture in many cases is much more active than the texture of the text, and if this happens, then there is reason to suspect you of hidden hostility towards the author of the text.

In the conditions of informational noise, content is chasing the reader, and not vice versa. The effectiveness of publications largely depends on the readability of materials. More precisely, the ease of perception of content directly affects the decision of the audience members: to read or not to read. In this article, you will learn how to make content easy to read.

How to encourage the reader to scroll to the bottom of the page

When you open a web page, you only see part of the content. To view the entire content of the page, you will have to scroll. The audience lives in conditions of excess information. Many people are unconsciously lazy to scroll. Therefore, some of the content remains out of their field of attention.

To get out of this situation, you can publish the most important content at the top of the page. However, this is not always technically possible. The creators suggest an alternative way computer games. You know that the first levels of any toy are always extremely simple. The difficulty increases as you complete tasks. If a beginner immediately got to the 15th level of the game, he would be disappointed and quit after several failures.

Use this principle when choosing page layouts. Visually simple content should be placed at the top. As you scroll down the page, content density and apparent complexity can increase. Note, we are talking not about the semantic, but about the apparent complexity of the content.

Take a look at the top of the homepage of the Nintendo website. Here is the visually simple content:

Scrolling down the page, you can see visually complex content:

By placing simple content at the top of the page, you encourage the visitor to scroll through the page.

Make headlines stand out with serif fonts

Check out the ABC News and Daily Beast feeds. ABC uses the same font for headlines and announcements.

The Daily Beast highlights headlines in serif font.

A serif font makes headings easier to scan. Thanks to this, the visitor to the Daily Beast website quickly selects the content of interest to him.

Increasing line spacing makes reading easier

The standard line spacing for web pages is 1.15. To increase the readability of text, try increasing the line spacing. The optimal spacing can be calculated using the following formula: font size + 6-8 points. If you are using font 12, the spacing value should be 1.18 - 1.20. Too much line spacing makes reading difficult.

How to display price tags correctly

Buyers almost always find the price of a product or service too high. The following guidelines will help you cut corners and gently present value data to your site visitors:

• Visually highlight the benefits, do not focus on numbers.

The following illustration shows an unfortunate way of displaying price.

In the following illustration, the price is not visually highlighted.

• Use the most expensive product as a scarecrow.

This recommendation is more suitable for a business that sells services. Develop a product that costs significantly more than your flagship offerings. Use it as a scarecrow against which the prices of other products look acceptable.

• Post product information in descending order of price.

This is true if you are betting on the sale of the most expensive products.

• Offer the user a golden mean.

Many buyers choose not too expensive and not too cheap product. Therefore, it is worth highlighting such proposals visually.

• In cheap plans, cross out the options that the buyer is deprived of.

This encourages him to choose a more expensive offer.

• Make your free offer discreet.

This does not apply trial versions product: they must be visible, as many users want to try the product before buying.

Use the golden ratio

Artists and architects use the golden ratio principle to create their masterpieces. Designers can increase the attractiveness of web pages and the readability of content by adopting this tool.

The value of the golden ratio is 1.618. Imagine that you are using a standard 960px wide page layout. By dividing 960 by 1.618, you get the optimal ratio of splitting the page into two columns. The main column is approximately 594px wide and the sidebar is 366px wide.

To quickly calculate the optimal proportions of objects, use the golden section calculator.

When can text be centered?

Almost never. It is better to align text to the left. This makes it easier to read. If the text is centered, the person has trouble moving from line to line.

Center alignment can be used for headings or short slogans. Avoid centering headings when text is left-aligned.

When to Use White Text on a Dark Background

Black text on a white background is considered the best solution. However, white text on a black background also has advantages in some cases.

Website visitors read or scan text. For example, when you offer a great article to a user, they read it. In this case, it's better to use black text on a white background, as it makes it easier to read.

White text on a dark background works well when it comes to headings and labels on navigation items. It encourages users not to read, but to scan the inscription. This process happens quickly, so the visitor does not have time to feel inconvenience.

How to make the home page easier to read

How to make tables easy to read

How to present the terms of use correctly

Few people read the terms of use, agreements of the parties and other content of this type. It is usually written in small print. And to find important data, the user has to read a lot of unnecessary sentences.

To solve this problem, highlight and announce important points. In practice it might look like this:

To make content easier to read…

… try to make your website pages visually appealing, simple and “light”. Do not write titles and text in capital letters. Use dark text on a white background for your main content. Light text on a dark background works well for headings and navigation elements. Align text to the left, do not use stock photos, do not post long information messages on the home page. Pay attention to tables. Use the golden ratio principle when creating page layouts.