The main blocks and devices of computers Let's look at what a modern computer consists of. First of all, three main blocks should be distinguished, which cannot be dispensed with: a system unit, a monitor, a keyboard. The second group consists of various peripheral

“Well, how many, how many books to write after all?” An interesting question: how many books to write? The fact that our popular science fiction writer Isaac Asimov wrote a lot of books is perceived by us and by “them” equally approvingly. I remember that we even wanted to celebrate the release of the two hundredth book

Based on data from the Swiss-based International Telecommunications Union, the rating reflects the situation with the provision of personal computers to residents different countries our planet to beginning of XXI century. And despite the fact that computer technology is progressing at a tremendous speed, technology is becoming cheaper and more accessible every year, the approximate trends reflected in this report may well be attributed to the current publication of the situation.

Thus, the United States, despite being the leader in the total number of personal computers in the country, relative indicator the number of PCs per capita was still in second place, losing the palm to such a state as San Marino, in which, due to the abundance computer technology and a small population, there are as many as 727 computers for every thousand people. While in the USA - only 554, in other words, a little more than one computer for two Americans.

In third place in the ranking was the country of victorious socialism, Sweden - there, too, no one experiences any problems with computers - 506 cars for every thousand Swedes. A similar situation in Denmark and Switzerland - 501 and 491 computers per thousand inhabitants, respectively.

In seventh place among the most computerized powers in the world immediately after Norway, Bermuda suddenly appeared - 465 computers per thousand islanders. Close the top ten Australia, Luxembourg and Singapore - 456, 440 and 421 computers respectively. It is noteworthy that such an advanced country in the field high technology like Japan - only in 21st place with 314 computers for every thousand Japanese. And in 26th place was Israel - 259 cars.

From the republics former USSR The situation with computerization is best in the Baltics - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania occupy 35.38 and 66 places on the list, respectively. Russia in this rating occupies the 78th line - exactly between Jamaica and Fiji. In the Russian Federation, there are 43.59 computers for every thousand inhabitants. Of the other CIS countries, only Georgia and Ukraine were included in the list - at 95 and 100 places, respectively, with indicators of 22 and 18 computers per 1,000 inhabitants. It is noteworthy that in terms of the total number of used personal PCs, Russia is quite high on the list, in 13th place, although we still have 26 times fewer of these same computers than in the United States.

There are also many computers in India and China - in terms of their absolute number, these countries occupy 4th and 16th places in the top100, but the population of these countries is so large that, in terms of thousands of inhabitants, the figure is quite miserable, so neither China nor India are in the list of hundreds leading countries in terms of the number of PCs per capita were not included.

Experts predict that in the near future both lists - the rating of the total number of computers in the country, and the rating of the relative number of cars in terms of the number of inhabitants in a particular state - should undergo significant changes. For a significant increase in the number of PCs in developed countries not observed, almost everyone there is already equipped with such equipment, and the process of replacing obsolete models with new ones is developing more actively. But in rapidly developing, including in terms of computerization, countries, primarily in the Asian region, a completely different process is underway - equipping with computers those places where they did not exist at all before, so the increase in the total number of PCs is much stronger here, which will inevitably cause a change of leaders in the rating, experts tend to believe that the picture will undergo cardinal changes within the next 8-10 years.

Market segments

TAdviser provides information on various segments of the global computer market.

2019

Lenovo Takes the Lead - IDC

The volume of the global market for personal computers (desktops, laptops and workstations; hybrid devices are not taken into account) in 2019 reached 266.7 million units, an increase of 2.7% compared to 2018. Moreover, this is the first rise since 2011, when the growth rate was measured at 1.7%. A new leader has appeared in the list of the largest manufacturers, according to IDC analysts.

First Market Growth in 8 Years - Gartner

In 2019, the volume of the global personal computer market grew for the first time in 8 years. The Gartner data published on January 13, 2020 testifies to it.

Analysts estimate that manufacturers worldwide shipped a total of 261.2 million desktops, laptops, and hybrid devices like the Microsoft Surface lineup in 2019, up 0.6% from 2018. Prior to this, shipments of equipment fell for seven years in a row.

According to Gartner Lead Analyst Mikako Kitagawa, the rise was largely due to the fact that companies began to upgrade computer parks to move to the Windows 10 operating system. At the same time, many companies in developing countries, including Eurasia, the Asia-Pacific region and China, have not yet upgraded their PCs, which opens up opportunities for maintaining the growth of the PC market in 2020, the expert noted.

At the same time, researchers admit negative dynamics and associate it with the end of the renewal cycle. corporate systems from solutions based on Windows 7 to a hardware platform like Windows 10. In addition, the negative trend will also be maintained due to economic uncertainty due to trade wars, as well as the ongoing shortage of the latest Intel processors. Additionally, Gartner mentioned too high prices to update home computers for specific consumer tasks, including games.

The three largest computer manufacturers are Lenovo, HP Inc. and Dell - captured 63.1% of the market in terms of quantitative equipment deliveries in 2019, while in 2018 this share was measured at 60.2%. Mikako Kitagawa stressed that Lenovo, HP Inc. and Dell showed growth in PC shipments in 2019 above the dynamics of the entire market.

Except for Asia Pacific, Lenovo recorded year-on-year growth in PC sales across all regions, the study says. In desktop shipments alone, the company increased by more than 30% year-on-year. This allowed the Chinese vendor to maintain its leadership and demonstrate the highest growth rates (+8.1%) in computer supplies among the six largest manufacturers.

At HP, PC shipments were growing during the last three quarters of 2019. The company holds a leading position in the US, EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa) and Latin America.

Dell increased PC shipments in all regions at a rate above the average for each region, driven largely by strong demand for the company's desktops.

Gartner predicts a permanent decline in the consumer PC market over the next five years, Kitagawa said. He recalled that since mid-2019, there has been a shortage of Intel processors on the market, without which PC sales growth would have been more significant.

Mikako Kitagawa says that the emergence of innovative products, such as laptops with foldable screens, is a key factor in the growth of everything computer market. In addition, demand is supported by initiatives that make computers easier to use like smartphones. In particular, we are talking about devices that can be constantly on and work for a long time without recharging.

2018

Lenovo Takes the Lead - Gartner

On January 10, 2019 the analytical company Gartner published results of a research of the world market of personal computers from which it became known of change of the leader. Most of all computers in 2018 were delivered by Lenovo - 58.5 million units, which is 6.9% more than a year earlier.

He considers the second negative factor to be the political and economic uncertainty in a number of countries. The problem has affected even an economy as strong as , and affected the most vulnerable groups of buyers, including small and medium-sized businesses, Kitagawa said.

Market decline for 7 years - IDC

In 2018, computer manufacturers delivered a total of 258.5 million desktops, laptops and workstations to the global market, which is 0.4% less than in 2017. Analysts cited such data in their regular summary of the Worldwide Quarterly Personal Computing Device Tracker in January 2019. Sales have been declining for seven consecutive years.

The PC market delivered better-than-expected results, experts said, as companies upgrade PCs as the end of support for Windows 7 approaches (January 2020). Strong performance in the corporate segment helped offset the downturn in the consumer sector.

In all regions except the US, computer sales exceeded market expectations, although the Asia-Pacific region had problems due to the difficult situation in the Chinese commercial market.

The balance of power among the largest computer manufacturers is presented in the table below. It should be noted that HP Inc. retained its leadership, but the gap from the closest pursuer - Lenovo - was minimal. HP Inc. it helped that the company better than many competitors managed to survive the fall in the PC market in the Asia-Pacific region, according to an IDC study.

2017

Falling within 6 years - Gartner

In January 2018, the analytical company Gartner summed up the results of the past year in the global personal computer market. Manufacturers have released more than 262.5 million devices in 2017, including desktops, laptops, premium ultraportables and Windows-based hybrid devices, according to preliminary estimates. The indicator is 2.8% less than in 2016, thus, the negative dynamics in the market has been observed for the past six years in a row.

Researchers are paying attention to the ongoing consolidation of the PC industry. In 2017, the top four PC vendors controlled 64% of the market, which is a significant improvement over 2011, when the top four players accounted for only 45% of total PC shipments.

HP Inc became the largest PC manufacturer in 2017. , which supplied more than 55 million computers or 21% of the global volume. Compared to 2016, shipments from HP increased by 4.6%, and the share grew by 1.5%, which allowed the American vendor to bypass its Chinese competitor Lenovo, which led the rating in 2016.

Lenovo dropped to second place with an annual result of 54.7 million PC devices and a share of 20.8%. For comparison, in 2016, shipments of Lenovo computers reached 55.95 million units, and the share was 20.7%.

Best performance in 6 years - IDC

In 2017, the global personal computer market declined, but showed the best results in the previous six years. This was reported in the analytical company International Data Corporation (IDC).

According to experts, in 2017, manufacturers released a total of 259.5 million desktops, laptops and workstations, which is 0.2% less than a year earlier. 2017 was the most stable year for the market since 2011, according to the study.

According to analysts, the situation in the PC industry is improving due to the renewal of corporate computer equipment and increased consumer demand. In addition, the market is being helped by declining tablet sales as manufacturers switch back to laptops, so 2017 saw an increase in ultra-thin, convertible and gaming systems.

2016

Drop in sales of monoblocks for 3 years

On June 7, 2017 the analytical company Digitimes Research provided some results of a research of the world market of monoblock computers. Sales of these devices have been falling for three years in a row.

In 2016, manufacturers shipped a total of 12.18 million all-in-one desktops, down 1.7% from a year earlier, due to a slowdown in the consumer sector. In 2014 and 2015, there was also a decrease in sales of monoblocks. According to experts, the market will recover in 2017-2018.

Global shipments of monoblocks in 2016 did not fall as much as the entire computer market, as a result of which the share of this segment in physical terms amounted to a record 10.4%. In the next two years, this share will increase, analysts are sure.

Lenovo remained the leader of the world market of monoblocks. Moreover, in 2016, the Chinese company increased its lead over the closest pursuer - HP Inc. The four largest monoblock manufacturers controlled 83.8% of the market in 2016. In 2017, the figure will reach 85.2% due to the fact that Lenovo will increase the supply of equipment, HP Inc. expect strong sales in the corporate sector, and Apple introduced new models, according to Digitimes Research.

In 2016 deliveries of iMac were measured by 2.26 million pieces against 2.53 million units the previous year. Experts expect that in 2017 shipments of these devices will rise to 2.36 million copies.

Among contract manufacturers of monoblocks, analysts note Compal Electronics, which in 2016 showed the largest increase in shipments thanks to orders received as a result of TPV-Inventa's exit from the market. Compal is expected to record the largest shipment growth momentum in the sector contract manufacturing all-in-ones and by the end of 2017, and will also become the second largest manufacturer of these computers in Taiwan after Quanta Computer.

Fall for the fifth year in a row

On January 11, 2017 the analytical company Gartner published results of a research of the world market of personal computers. Its volume, according to experts, has been declining for five years in a row.

According to Gartner, in 2016 shipments of desktops and laptops in global scale amounted to 269.7 million units, having decreased by 6.2% compared to 2015. The market has been steadily falling since 2012.

According to Kitagawa, one of the negative factors for the PC market is the popularity of smartphones, due to which the cycle of use of computers increases.

The three largest manufacturers of desktops and laptops in 2016 have not changed: Lenovo, HP Inc. and Dell recorded 54.7% of the market as an asset against 51.5% a year earlier. However, among these companies, only Dell was able to increase the supply of products - by 2.6%. Moreover, Dell remained the only growing vendor in the top 6 vendors (see table above).

2015

Record decline

Outcome

Source: IDC

Fall for the fourth year in a row

On January 12, 2016 the analytical company Gartner published results of a research of the world market of personal computers. Its volume, according to experts, has been declining for four years.

Gartner calculated that in 2015 shipments of desktops and laptops on a global scale amounted to 288.7 million units, which is 8% less than a year earlier. The market began to fall in 2012 after the introduction of a large number of tablets.

In 2015, one of the main problems for the computer industry was the devaluation of world currencies. It is because of this factor that the production of PCs in Japan and countries in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America at the end of 2015 decreased by almost 10% compared to 2014. In the US and the Asia-Pacific region, the regression was minimal, as currency fluctuations did not affect these markets.

In October-December 2015, the volume of the global computer industry decreased by 8.3% compared to the same period of the previous year, amounting to 75.7 million units. This quarterly decline was the fifth in a row and showed that even the pre-Christmas season does not contribute to the overall increase in demand for PCs, which in turn indicates changes in consumer buying behavior for these devices, said Gartner analyst Mikako Kitagawa.

According to him, among corporate clients Windows 10 received a lot of positive feedback, but in the fourth quarter of 2015, companies were only testing this OS and were in no hurry to switch to it.

The six largest PC vendors - Lenovo, Dell, ASUS, Apple and Acer - accounted for 73.1% of global shipments in 2015 against 70.4% a year earlier. Lenovo retained its market leadership with a 19.8% share. The top three also included HP (18.2%) and Dell (13.6%). Following are ASUS (7.3%), Apple (7.2%) and Acer (7%). Among the listed manufacturers, only Apple managed to increase the supply of computers in 2015, according to Gartner data.

2014

Third straight decline

On August 26, 2015, the research company International Data Corporation (IDC) posted a message on its website from which it became known about the situation in the global computer market.

In 2014, as analysts calculated, manufacturers worldwide shipped 308.3 million personal computers, which is 2.1% less than a year earlier. The annual volume of the market fell for the third time in a row, however, the rate of decline was almost five times less than in 2013.

The improvement in the computer industry was due to the end of official support for Windows XP and the Windows 8.1 with Bing program, under which vendors released budget laptops that are in high demand in many regions, especially in emerging economies. However, even these devices did not save the laptop segment from falling.

At the same time, the negative impact of the popularity of smartphones on computer sales has weakened. IDC says that in 2015 the growth of the global market for "smart" phones will slow down three times - to 10.4%, and in subsequent years, shipments of these devices will increase by only a few percent.

In their study, analysts did not cite the alignment of forces among computer manufacturers for 2014.

Market fall by 2.2%

Top 5 global PC vendors, Q3 2012, thousand units

idc, 2012

Interestingly, at the same time as IDC, another respected research company, Gartner, released its report on the state of the global PC market in the third quarter of 2012. For the first time in its history, China's Lenovo has come out on top in PC shipments worldwide, according to the firm. True, analysts at Gartner indicate that these are only preliminary estimates. Gartner estimates the market shares of Lenovo and HP at 15.7% and 15.5%, respectively. Dell, Acer and Asus follow, as do IDC.

Second quarter

World PC shipments in the second quarter of 2012 decreased, according to Gartner, by 0.1% compared to the same period last year to 87.46 million pieces of equipment. Both global economic instability and the fact that sales of ultrabooks did not live up to expectations had an effect: they are still at an early stage of adaptation, although they appeared on the market back in 2011.

Virtualization technologies have made it possible to abstract the application layer from a particular type of device, OS, even processor architecture.

Changing approaches to designing, delivering and using software

Applications are becoming cross-platform everywhere and involve the execution of part of the code on the server or cloud side.

Intel, but also software vendors whose revenues depend to some extent on sales of applications on new PCs.

According to Gartner, in the fourth quarter of 2011, worldwide PC shipments amounted to 92.2 million units. - 1.4% less than in the fourth quarter of 2010.

In turn, IDC announced a slowdown in sales of personal computers in the last three months of 2011. Reasons for the downturn, according to company analysts, include a weak economy, hard drive shortages due to flooding in Thailand, and competition from tablets. According to IDC estimates, in the fourth quarter of 2011, worldwide PC shipments amounted to 92.7 million units, down 0.1% compared to the same period in 2010.

Since its inception in 1976, Apple has always sold computers with its own operating system and designed their architecture itself. Even 15 years ago, it seemed that Apple was hopelessly lost to the actual developer of the Wintel ecosystem - the American IBM, which allowed other companies to churn out "IBM-compatible computers." When the co-founder returned to Apple's CEO position in 1998 Steve Jobs, Microsoft founder Bill Gates sneered: “What I can’t understand is why does he (Jobs) keep trying? He understands that he will not win. In those days, the capitalization of Apple and the United States. In Russia, 90,000 Acer tablets were sold in the second quarter, says Gleb Mishin, head of its Russian office. But the Android platform is still “incomplete” and the tablets are “one-faced”, so Apple has no serious competition, Eldar Murtazin, a leading analyst at Mobile Research Group, is sure.

IN monetary terms the Chinese market also surpassed the US - $11.9 billion to $11.7 billion - taking 22% of the global personal computer market.

However, IDC forecasts that the US will remain in first place for all of 2011, as US sales typically pick up at the end of the year. Analysts estimate that 73.4 million personal computers will be sold in the US in 2011, 1 million more than in China. But in 2012, China will finally overtake the United States in this indicator - 85.1 million against 76.6 million, they predict.

Data for Russia are not provided. For comparison, in the first quarter of 2011, 2.31 million personal computers were shipped in Russia.

China is already the second year ahead of the United States in terms of the car market - in 2010 their sales increased by 32% to 18.06 million units (including trucks). In the US, 11.6 million vehicles were sold last year. The OECD predicts that China could surpass the United States in terms of industrial production already in 5-7 years, and in terms of GDP - until 2030.

IDC and Gartner Forecasts: Theory and Practice

The above results of IDC and Gartner on the state of affairs in the PC market in the first quarter of 2012, although not fundamentally, still differ from each other and, at times, noticeably. We suggest that we turn to the forecasts made earlier by these research companies and see how accurate they later turned out to be.

IDC predicted that 217.2 million laptops would be shipped to the market in 2010, up from 169 million in 2009. It was expected that by 2012 portable systems will occupy 70% of the market in quantitative terms. At the end of 2010, the total PC market amounted to 346.8 million units. Assuming that IDC's forecast turned out to be extremely correct, the share of laptops in this volume reached almost 63% - a clearly overestimated figure for 2010. The increase in shipments was mainly driven by increased interest in portable devices in emerging economies.

President and chief Executive Director Intel Paul Otellini (Paul Otellini), expected to see the share of netbooks and other similar systems in 2010 at 20%, IDC - 12% of the market in terms of numbers. The higher forecast from Intel is not accidental - it is a monopolist in the market for processors for low-cost systems. This, in particular, supported the company during the active phase of the recession. IDC's cautious assessments were closer to the truth; netbooks never became a truly successful product category.

As for tablet PCs, according to IDC forecast, in 2010 they should sell about 7 million such devices and about 46 million in 2014. As it soon turned out, 10.7 million tablets were sold only in the fourth quarter of 2010 (data from Strategy Analytics ).

Gartner lowered its PC shipment growth forecast for 2011 to 15.9% vs. 18.1% previously expected. According to the updated forecast, 409 million PCs should be delivered to the global market.

Projected volumes of deliveries for 2009-2011. had to be reduced due to a number of factors, Gartner explained.

Firstly, analysts recorded a change in consumer behavior - a shift in interest towards innovative gadgets, which include new models of smartphones and multimedia tablets. Analysts believe that buyers in developing regions who do not yet have a personal computer may abandon their purchase in favor of a tablet, the capabilities of which will only approach those of a PC over time, while the convenience of content consumption and communication in in social networks using a tablet stands head and shoulders above now.

Secondly, the slowdown in supply growth is due to savings. Realizing that the process of overcoming the crisis may take Extra time(and who knows what), consumers tend to delay buying new system until better times. The same applies to the corporate segment. Already, there are examples of entire companies switching to the iPad, which believe that this computer will not become obsolete as quickly as the traditional system.

Analysts also pointed to the inability of the traditional personal computer market to offer anything truly new. More convenient systems that would have been a resounding success are difficult to come up with, and all that remains is to reduce prices and lean on volumes, and this model has already exhausted itself. Tablets are one new area that could help keep manufacturers profitable.

Gartner also mentioned one more factor of decrease in rates of growth of the market - technology of virtual workspaces. It is expected that with the proliferation of thin clients, the need to upgrade hardware in the workplace will fade into the background. This will Negative influence for sales of desktop PCs in the corporate segment. However, this factor will begin to operate no earlier than 2012.

In general, Gartner's conclusions turned out to be correct, however, as a result, the market volume in quantitative terms in 2011 did not even exceed 352.8 million PCs. The reasons for such a strong decline in shipments were the poor economic situation in Western Europe and the shortage of hard drives in the fourth quarter due to flooding in Thailand.

Analysts of Gartner are sure that deliveries of desktop PCs will continue to grow in 2011-2012, in 2013 growth will be minimal, and in 2014 negative dynamics will appear. Sales of portable systems will show diametrical results - rapid growth annually until 2014, for which the forecast is given. In 2014, according to IDC, 426.9 million portable computers will be delivered to the world market. By this time, tablets will "eat" 10% of the PC market in quantitative terms (IDC and Gartner do not classify tablets as personal computers).

2010: Sales growth by 13% to 350 million PCs. HP Leader

On an annualized basis, shipments of PCs to the global market in 2010 increased by 13.8% to 350.9 million units - according to Gartner - and by 13.6% to 346.2 million - according to IDC. The best result was shown by Lenovo, whose shipments grew by 37.3%. In addition to Lenovo, in the top five manufacturers, the average market indicator exceeded only one company - Toshiba. In 2010 the company launched new strategy to promote the brand and celebrated the 25th anniversary of the release of the first laptop.

World deliveries of the PC in 2010 (pcs., preliminary results)

How many computers are there in the world?

According to statistics published in the annual Computer Industry Almanac 2003, there are approximately 663 million personal computers in operation worldwide. But more than two-thirds (448 million) are concentrated in 12 countries with a total population of less than a billion people, that is, 15.4 percent of all mankind. This list of a dozen countries includes (in descending order by number of computers) the United States, Japan, England, Germany, France, Canada, Italy, Australia, Holland, Spain, Russia, and South Korea. If you exclude the United States, which has 31 percent of the world's personal computers, the rest of the world has just 40 computers per 1,000 people.

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