Elephants in Indian culture presentation. animal world india

In addition, the elephant is one of the incarnations of the beloved god of the Hindus - Ganesha, the god of happiness, the god of wisdom, prudence and literature. Legend has it that the boy Ganesha once guarded the peace of his mother Parvati. Suddenly Shiva came, who did not know about his existence. In battle, Shiva cut off the head of his son, and when he found out that Ganesha was his son, he put the head of an Elephant on the body of the child.

What can we say, if the elephant in Buddhism is the most revered sacred animal. Spiritual knowledge is associated with it. Stability is what distinguishes an elephant. The White Elephant is one of the symbols of the Buddha, because it was he who appeared in a dream to Queen Maya before the birth of Buddha Gautama. Why White? Because it is the White Elephant that is the symbol of the bodhisattva, the liberator of people from the shackles of earthly existence. It is associated with compassion, love, and kindness.

Among the Buddhists of India, the white elephant is considered more sacred than even a cow. Because it is in him, Buddhists believe, that the souls of priests and heroes, kings and saints, after leaving the mortal shell, move. There are many stories associated with the white elephant. So, Queen Maya in Nepal had a dream that a white elephant from the Golden Mountain entered her. This elephant had six tusks. Royal astrologers predicted that the queen would have a boy who would become the savior of the human race.

In ancient wars in Asia, elephants were the main fighting force of the army. For example, the Macedonian army could not withstand the onslaught of huge war elephants and fled. Subsequently, of course, were taken into account weak sides elephants, but for a long time various armies were afraid of them. And at present, not a single public holiday is complete without smartly dressed elephants that make up the festive procession. For example, elephant festivals are now popular in India. So, the most famous of them is held in Jaipuri during Holi.

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Map of Ancient India

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• House in Mohenjo-Daro. ReconstructionIII millennium BC
• IN ancient times on the territory of India there was a highly developed civilization, named Harappan after the main excavation site.

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Great BathIII millennium BC from Mohenjo-Dar

In the Indus Valley, the ruins of Bronze Age cities (2500-1500 BC) with strict street planning, a water supply system, palaces and public buildings have been preserved.

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• mother goddess
• III millennium BC from Mohenjo-Daro
• Terracotta

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• Goddess of the river Ganges 5th c.
• North India
• Terracotta

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• The god Brahma is (one of the gods of the Aryans) the creator and ruler of the world. He gave the people laws
• Responsible for the eternal kaleidoscope of natural forms.

Pantheon of Hinduism

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God Shiva is a formidable carrier of cosmic energy, which both creates and destroys. Shiva can destroy, and can save.

• "Dancing God Shiva" Bronze. 11th–12th centuries
• Shiva.VIII-IX centuries. State of Himachal Pradesh, India Brass.

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God Vishnu - the keeper saves people from various disasters, for example, from the flood. Vishnu repeatedly took earthly incarnations, avatars, each time in order to save the universe from disaster.

Vishnu 7th century Pakistan Bronze

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The temple is a model of the universe.

The mystical analogue of the body - the victim and the mountain - is a Hindu temple, such as the temple of Shiva Kadarya Mahadeva in Khajuraho.

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Khajuraho in Central India is a place where a huge temple complex is located. It was built in 950-1050. and includes over 80 structures. Temples (there are only 24 of them preserved) were erected at the behest of the powerful rulers of the Chandella dynasty.

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In each temple, at the base of a high, ornamented tower, a cave-like sanctuary was built, in the depths of which an image of a deity was kept.

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• The temples were discovered in 1838 by a British Army engineer while mapping the area.
• World fame came to temples only in the 20th century.

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Lakshman Temple is the oldest temple in the western group. It was built around 950 AD.

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The foundation of the temple lies on a massive slab decorated with interesting bas-reliefs telling about the military campaigns of the army of the great Chandel dynasty.

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Bas-reliefs of the temple

In the center of the bas-relief is Varaha, one of the incarnations of God Vishnu.

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Bas-relief dedicated to Ganesh

• Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati, in Hinduism, is considered the god of wisdom and prosperity.
• He is usually depicted as a full man with the head of an elephant and one tusk.

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Very skillfully executed, the drains of the temple

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Inside the temple, the atmosphere is magical. Diffused light streams from the small windows of the temple. He snatches from the darkness the perfectly preserved figures of heavenly dancers and gods. These bas-reliefs attract the eye and fascinate visitors to this sacred place.

"Man-lion" - the reincarnation of Vishnu

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• In front of the temple stands a stone pavilion built between the 10th and 11th centuries. Inside is a statue of Varaha - the incarnation of God Vishnu in the form of a Boar.
• Vishnu in the avatar of Varaha, fulfilling the request of the gods, descended into the ocean to raise the Earth on his fangs from the bottom. He succeeded after a 1000 year battle.

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The statue is made of sandstone and carefully polished. Boar's body is decorated with a bas-relief of 674 figures of the main gods and goddesses of the Hindu pantheon. The statue rises above the serpent Shesha - a thousand-headed serpent, the king of all the Nagas.

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The boar was once hugged by Prithvi, the goddess of the Earth, from whom there are traces on the boar's body: a hand on the boar's neck and a pair of feet. The ceiling above the statue is made in the form of a carved image of a lotus.

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The largest and most famous building is the Kandarya Mahadeva Temple, dedicated to Shiva, one of the three supreme gods. It was built in the XI century. The 31st in height, the Shiva temple personifies the sacred Mount Meru, surrounded by columns-spiers (84 in total). In the sanctuary there is a special image of God - Shiva-linga, made of marble.

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Shiva Temple Kandarya Mahadeva

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temple architecture

• The sanctuary is crowned by the highest tower, personifying Mount Meru.
• Huge golden mountain considered the center of the earth and the universe; the highest gods (Indra, Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and others) live on it. This is a cosmic vertical connecting heaven and earth.
• There are Shaivist, Vishnuite and Jain temples in Khajuraho.

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The main shikhara rises 35.6 meters above the ground. Small temples-sanctuaries lower, also give the impression of majestic structures. The height of the plinth, on which the shikhara and sanctuaries stand, is 4 meters.

The main tower is surrounded by 85 small ones, repeating its silhouette.

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The sculptural decor grows upwards in volume (“swelling form”) very truthfully conveys the form, the figures seem alive, the effect is enhanced by the carving. Decorations are arranged in a certain sequence: stripes of flowers and plants, animals, birds, nature spirits.

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Elephants are the most sought-after image, since their massive carcasses are visually in tune with the powerful plasticity of the building and, it seems, serve as a reliable support for it.

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The relief of the lower zone organically develops into a bas-relief depicting Shiva, Vishnu and other deities of the Hindu pantheon, placed in openwork niches. But the real feast for the eyes is the high relief on the columns. Slide 33

Above the entrance to the temple, a garland is bent, carved from a single piece of stone. . Crocodiles are carved on both sides of the portico, looking at each other from small columns. The sculptures are connected by small figures, richly decorated with fine carvings.

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• During construction, sandstone blocks were chiselled and assembled on the ground, then lifted and carefully set. The stone was decorated with carvings both on the ground and after installation.
• A brightly colored layer of gypsum was applied to the stone. Under the direct rays of the sun, the relief casts sharp shadows, enhancing the already expressive and dynamic plasticity of the temple.

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From the top to the base, it is read as the descent of a deity to the earth, to people. IN reverse direction- as the ascent of the human spirit to the divine spheres. But in any case, the external decor reflects the connection with the created world. The decor inside the temple with the predominance of geometric forms in it indicates a connection with the divine world.

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Sources:

• Early civilizations of Ancient India // Ukolova V.I., Marinovich L.P. Ancient world history
• India and Iran // A. Knyazhitsky, S. Khurumov. Ancient world. World Artistic Culture From Primitiveness to Rome

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Animals of India In India - a special attitude towards all animals. It was influenced by Hinduism. According to this cult, to abuse an animal is to challenge God himself, because the gods rode animals. Hindus believe in reincarnation. According to this belief, the soul of any deceased can move into an animal. And no one wants such a fate for themselves.

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Sacred Animal of India A special place in this list is occupied by the Sacred Cow. For Hindus, a cow is equated with the status of a mother, Hindus believe that a cow has the same maternal qualities as kindness, calmness, modesty and wisdom. In India, a cow is called "Gau Mata", which means Mother Cow. It is forbidden to shout at a cow, beat her, drive her away, even if she wandered into your house and could cause damage. And of course, it is forbidden to eat cow meat, this is simply blasphemy for Hindus.

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Why is the cow a sacred animal in India? There are three legends according to which the cow is endowed with a sacred status: 1. According to Hindu mythology - after the death of a Hindu, in order to get to Heaven, you need to swim across a deep river and this can only be done by holding on to the cow's tail. Without the help of a cow, no one can cross the river. 2. In the ancient sacred texts of Hinduism - the Puranas, it is said that the Gods, creating the Ocean, took out the cow Kamdhenu from it, which fulfilled any desires. Hindus still believe that any cow is Kamdhena and is able to fulfill all your desires if you treat her well, love her and honor her. 3. The cow is the nurse and cow's milk saves the lives of both children and other animals when mothers cannot feed them. Cow's milk and all dairy products are beneficial and beneficial to humans. Hindus consider cow's milk to be a sacred drink and a perfect food.

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Asian elephant The Indian elephant, which is also called Asian, is one of the endangered species of elephants that are listed in the Red Book. This is one of the largest animals on our planet, which is somewhat similar to the ancient mammoth. The ears have a characteristic pointed shape and are extended downwards. The length of the tusks of male Indian elephants reaches 1.5 meters, which is why they are often the subject of poaching. There are elephants that do not have tusks. They live mainly in eastern India.

The presentation was created for an art lesson on the topic "Foreign friend, guest" in the section " art foreign countries- a treasure of world culture "according to the program of V.S. Kuzin Grade 7. Consists of 10 slides, contains material about the history of the holiday, a phased execution of the drawing of an elephant, photographs of elephants decorated for the holiday.

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Slides captions:

We draw an elephant.

India.
elephant festival

and umbrellas.

Each
In the spring, the day before the festival of colors Holi, the festival of elephants is celebrated on a huge scale in Indian Jaipur.

Begins
a festival with a procession through the streets of tastefully decorated with velvet and ornaments, well-groomed beautiful elephants. They are accompanied by lancers on horseback and camels, chariots, cannons and palanquins.

In
During the Elephant Festival, colorful folklore performances and various competitions are held with the participation of people and elephants. The most beautiful elephant is chosen, the elephants play polo, compete in
drag and drop
rope with people, participate in other exotic competitions.

During the festival, the elephants are given a fruit feast.
"Holiday
elephants

V
India
»
The presentation was compiled by the teacher of Fine Arts MBOU TSOSH No. 1 named after. A.A. Mezentsev
Baklanova Elena Anatolyevna

programs
a
V.S. Kuzina grade 7 topic: "Foreign friend, guest."
In the section "Fine arts of foreign countries
- a treasure of world culture

The most interesting are the two processions, which consist of specially selected elephants. Iridescent triangular veils embroidered with six hundred gilded plates are put on the foreheads of elephants.

In the center of the procession is an elephant carrying a statue of the god Shiva. A group of dressed-down elephants with riders, who wave their magnificent fans of peacock feathers and yak tails, are advancing at a measured and unhurried pace. Above them are bright silk umbrellas. The orchestra moves ahead of the procession, the musicians play horns, timpani, and even shells.
Under
in the evening, a lot of people converge on the square in order to enjoy marvelous music and a demonstration of colorful umbrellas strewn with mirrors.

But the most fantastic holiday becomes closer to the night, when handsome elephants march under the illumination of three-headed torches. The gold jewelry shimmers bewitchingly in the light of the flame. It feels like you are in a wonderful fairy tale.

WITH
at dawn, fireworks are released into the sky, and two elephants with statues of Shiva approach a huge lamp in front of the temple, connecting their trunks as a sign of farewell to the festival.
Materials used in the presentation
Internet resources
:
http://poindii.ru/talk/prazdnik-zontov-i-slonov-v-kerale
http://fotoprom.com/

IN
history of India, the first data on this holiday were found during the reign of
Sakthana

Thampurana
.

Exactly
he held it for the first time about 200 years ago. And this has its own backstory.

To the inhabitants of the town
Trichura
failed to take part in the great temple festival
Puram

Aratupuz
due to heavy torrential rain.

And in order to somehow cheer up and cheer up his subjects, the king gave the order to organize a separate celebration for them. It was ordered to clear the huge area around the temple from the teak forest.
Vadakkunthana
, which was built 15 centuries ago.
The festival itself starts on the day
Purama
about six o'clock in the morning, the celebration lasts a day and a half. Day
Purama
signifies for the Indians the end of the harvest.

From
all the temples in the vicinity of the city, processions gather, which together go to a large square. It is there that they pay their respects to the great god Shiva and other deities of India.
India is an amazing country in which some kind of holiday or festival takes place almost every week. All Indian holidays are distinguished by a riot of colors, unrestrained fun, colorful traditions and customs.

Holiday
elephants is held not only in Jaipur, in old days the elephant symbolized strength and wealth and commanded great respect.

IN
In India, during the royal holidays, the participation of elephants was obligatory. At festive processions, the king always appeared on a beautifully decorated elephant.

For
the entertainment of the royal guests was organized riding on elephants, fighting these giants and a special hunt on the back of an elephant.

IN
old rich maharajas special seats placed on the back of an elephant
did
of gold and silver, and adorned with precious stones.
Painting and decoration of elephants.