Pig farming business. Pig farming as a business
Raising pigs at home as a business can provide year-round profit due to a short fattening period, high profitability and small costs. Basically, piglets are bred by residents of rural areas living in their own house with personal plot and existing outbuildings.
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Why is pig farming profitable?
The attractiveness of pig breeding is due to the following factors:
- Small initial investment. If an entrepreneur has his own backyard, then in order to organize a mini-farm, all that remains is to purchase piglets, feed and other little things. The profitability of the business is also ensured by a small working capital.
- High demand for pork. The popularity of this product is due to its affordable price, high taste characteristics and benefits. Pork contains vitamins of group B (1,2,3,4,5,9,12), A, D and E, amino acids, useful substances (sulfur, iodine, magnesium, calcium, etc.). There are hundreds of recipes for preparing piglet meat, which are used to produce goodies both at enterprises and at home. The growth in demand for domestic meat from meat processing industries is also due to the current pork sanctions on products from Europe.
- High offspring. A sow can produce 10-14 piglets in one farrow, and their number reaches 20-30 per year. Depending on the breed, the price of two-month-old piglets ranges from 5,000 to 12,000 rubles. The profitability of the business of keeping sows for the sale of offspring is also high, as in raising livestock for meat.
- Short fattening period due to rapid growth. By six months, a healthy piglet weighs about 100 kilograms, and by the year it is already 250-300 kilograms.
- Ease of implementation. Since the weight of a fattened piglet is relatively small (about one centner), it will be quite simple to dispose of the meat. One part of the pork remains in the family (for their own consumption), and the rest is sold among acquaintances, relatives, friends and neighbors.
- Productive assimilation of feed. If in a chicken it is about 20 percent, then in piglets it is over 30 percent.
- High parameter of the final yield of meat. From one pig, you can get up to 85 percent of meat (for comparison: from a bull, the meat yield is 65-70 percent).
- A simple and understandable technology for growing animals. For fattening pigs do not need to receive special education, it is enough to find thematic articles and videos on the Internet, which remains to be carefully studied. All materials can be downloaded for free online. You can also buy books on pig breeding in specialty stores or chat with neighbors who already have piglets.
What breed of pigs to choose for breeding?
To date, farmers in Russia successfully breed about 30 types of piglets.
All breeds of pigs are divided into three groups:
- Bacon. Their meat contains fatty layers (there is no thick layer of fat).
- Salo-meat. From such pigs you can get excellent fat and good meat.
- Meat-greasy. These breeds of piglets allow you to count on the maximum yield of meat.
Description of the most popular breeds of pigs for breeding in Russia:
| Breed | Characteristic |
| Large white | The vast majority of farmers prefer to grow piglets of this breed (about 85 percent of the total livestock). Breed features:
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| Landrace | In the bacon class, this breed is the most popular. Breed features:
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| Large black | Breed features:
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| vietnamese bellied | Breed features:
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The videos talk about whether it is worth it to breed pigs Vietnamese breed and what earnings the farmer expects. Filmed by the channel: "To the village!".
Pig breed selection criteria:
- growing time;
- rates of growth;
- fertility;
- dietary value;
- taste qualities of meat;
- yield of meat and fat;
- features of demand in the local market;
- climate resistance;
- immunity.
Photo gallery
Pig with piglets of breed "Large White" Pig with piglets of breed "Landrace" Large black breed Vietnamese bellied pig with piglets
What is needed to set up a farm?
In order to figure out how to start your own pig farming business, you should consider the following points:
- business format (fattening pigs for slaughter, raising piglets for sale, or both);
- breed/breeds of pigs for rearing;
- material possibilities and sources of financing;
- the area of the existing farmstead or a place for building a new one, from scratch;
- the number of workers;
- estimated sales volumes;
- features of demand in the local meat market;
- number of pigs to breed, etc.
After each item from the listed list has been thought out, it is necessary to start arranging / building a barn for animals. The pig farm is equipped in accordance with the standards inherent in the selected breed of piglets. For the production of quality meat, pigs must be provided with good and balanced feed. The farmer will need constant monitoring of the health and well-being of piglets.
To implement the business idea of a pig farm at home, investments will be needed, most of which will be directed to the purchase of animals and the arrangement of a pigsty. If there is a ready-made roomy pigsty, then the farmer will need minimal cash injections. It is recommended that beginners and experienced entrepreneurs first draw up and calculate a business project for organizing a household, and only then proceed with its implementation.
Documentation
The pig business has the following features of organizing at home:
- If the farmer has large production facilities, then he should register the farm as an individual entrepreneur (one owner) or a peasant farm (several founders). This is done in order to legally conduct business, facilitate the process of marketing a large volume of products, gain access to state support, etc. Documents are submitted to the tax office at the place of residence of the founder.
- If the farmer keeps a small number of piglets for fattening and sells the products on his own (through relatives and friends), then the situation changes. In this case, he should not formalize entrepreneurial activity, the farm will function in the format of a personal subsidiary farm. There is no requirement to pay taxes, submit reports to supervisory authorities, etc. However, the systematic sale of products on agricultural markets can be interpreted tax inspectors as a business. In order to avoid problems, it is still recommended to register the farm as an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm.
- A legally registered agricultural business has the right to pay taxes according to one of the following systems: general system; USN; ESHN.
- The main codes for OKVED: 01.46.11 "Raising pigs for meat", 01.46.12 "Cultivation of breeding stock of pigs".
- A farmer who has registered his entrepreneurial activity must conduct a veterinary check of the meat sold.
In order to register a peasant farm, the following documents must be prepared:
- applications for the creation of a peasant farm;
- a copy of the founder's passport;
- a receipt confirming the fact of payment of the state fee.
Premises and territory
Premises required for breeding pigs:
- pigsty - this is the main room in which the livestock of piglets is kept (young animals, sows, adult livestock are placed separately);
- utility rooms for storing inventory, feed, bedding (straw), etc.;
- room for carcass cutting;
- meat storage room (equipped with refrigerators);
- cooking room semi-finished meat products(minced meat, cutlets, sausage, dumplings, etc.).
Requirements for the premises for keeping piglets and its placement:
- moderate humidity;
- lack of drafts;
- cleanliness of the premises;
- ease of cleaning;
- good insulation, which will provide piglets with warmth in the cold season;
- the ability to maintain a temperature of more than 11 degrees Celsius for grown pigs and from 18 degrees for young animals and sows;
- the optimal height of the pigsty is in the range of 2-2.5 meters;
- space (one pig should have an area of at least three to four square meters, and a sow - from six square meters);
- it is allowed to use various materials for the construction of a pigsty (most often wood or brick is used);
- it is desirable to make the floor of wood, not concrete / reinforced concrete (in winter, such a surface will be cold, which will lead to animal diseases);
- the floor should have a slope for urine drainage, where a chute is installed to drain fluid from the room;
- the presence of windows, ventilation, lighting, sewerage or a cesspool;
- the roof must not leak;
- next to the pigsty there should be a place for walking animals and organizing a bathing pit;
- it is desirable that the room is located at a distance from residential buildings;
- good entrance.
Pigs
The number of pigs in Russia:
- at the beginning of 2017, the number of pigs in farms of all categories was 22,033.3 thousand heads;
- there is an increase in the number of pigs in five years - 27.7 percent, and in ten years - 36.1 percent;
- 83.4 percent of pigs belong to agricultural organizations, 14.6 percent - to households, 2 percent - to peasant farms;
- the leader in the number of pigs in Russia is the Belgorod region - 4,137.4 thousand heads at the beginning of 2017 (18.8 percent);
- the second place in terms of the number of pigs in Russia is occupied by the Kursk region - 1,480.9 thousand heads (6.7 percent);
- the third place in terms of the number of pigs in Russia is occupied by the Tambov region - 990.8 thousand heads (4.5 percent);
- in 2016, 3,388.4 thousand tons of pork (slaughter weight) or 4,346.1 thousand tons (live weight) were produced.
Photo gallery
The number of pigs in Russia for the period from 2013 to 2016 Pork production in Russia in slaughter weight for the period from 1990 to 2016 The structure of the pig population in Russia as of January 1, 2017 The number of pigs in Russia for the period from 1990 to 2016
Equipment and inventory
Equipping a home farm for 10 heads (including one sow):
| Name | Estimated prices in rubles |
| Grain crusher | 3 500 |
| Sow farrowing pen | 11 000 |
| Pigs | 80 000 |
| drinkers | 20 000 |
| feeders | 20 000 |
| Piglet toys | 200 |
| Infrared lamp for heating pigs and piglets | 3 000 |
| Lighting | 3 000 |
| Air shaft | 4 000 |
| Equipment for the slaughterhouse | 10 000 |
| Equipment and inventory for cutting carcasses | 10 000 |
| Refrigerators | 40 000 |
| Cart | 2 000 |
| Scales | 4 000 |
| Utility room equipment | 20 000 |
| Other equipment and inventory | 9 800 |
| Total | 240 000 |
Photo gallery
Grain crusher - 3,500 rubles Machine for farrowing sows - 11,000 rubles Boar machines - 9,000 rubles Toys for piglets - 100 rubles Ventilation shaft for a pig farm - 4,000 rubles Infra-red lamp for heating pigs and piglets - 500 rubles
Feed for pigs
The efficiency of a pig farm depends on the correct approach to the choice of animal feed.
To feed a baby at the age of one to two months, you will need:
- dairy products;
- cereals based on milk (or its substitutes);
- special premixes for piglets (contain vitamins and antibiotics for healthy growth of babies).
For feeding a baby at the age of three to four months, they are introduced into the diet:
- potatoes, boiled and mashed;
- root vegetables, boiled and mashed;
- cooked vegetables in puree form (for example, pumpkin and zucchini);
- fruits;
- raw carrots, grated;
- grass, pre-finely chopped and brewed with boiling water.
Growing piglets should consume a large amount of concentrated feed. It is necessary to put mineral and vitamin supplements (for example, salt and iron sulfate) in animal food.
For rapid weight gain, pigs should be given grains, including:
- millet;
- rye;
- barley;
- bran (wheat or barley)
- peas;
- corn;
- buckwheat.
The number of meals and its volume
| Age | Number of feedings | Daily feed intake, kg |
| Up to four months | 5 times a day | 2-4 |
| Five to seven months | 4 times a day | 5-6 |
| Eight months and older | 3 times a day | 7-8 |
In addition to food, each piglet should receive about six to eight liters of good quality fresh water per day.
Staff
To organize a mini-farm at home, a few people are enough.
Typically, entrepreneurs cope on their own with the following functions:
- care of piglets;
- their feeding;
- pigsty cleaning;
- slaughter;
- cutting carcasses, etc.
A pig business at home often involves self-preparation of feed, such as:
- vegetables;
- fruits;
- roots;
- grass, etc.
Traditionally, in Russia there is a “family contract”, both adults and growing children help in caring for animals.
For the implementation of veterinary control should be invited professional specialist from the side. clearance tax reporting the entrepreneur himself can do it, or he has the right to contact a specialized company engaged in accounting support for the company.
Large pig farms are hiring the following employees:
- pig breeders - mainly engaged in feeding, watering pigs, controlling farrowing;
- handymen - they clean the barn, take care of the livestock;
- livestock specialist - control the conditions for keeping pigs, their fattening, growth rates;
- veterinarian - performs examination of animals, their treatment, controls farrowing, checks meat, etc.;
- accountant;
- manager.
Features of breeding pigs
The specifics of the pig business:
- several sources of income: pig meat, lard, bacon, skins, offal, young animals, as well as semi-finished meat products;
- it is better to breed purebred piglets purchased from trusted breeders;
- it is recommended to purchase young animals from different farmers, this will prevent the degeneration of the breed;
- pigs should be walked both in summer and in winter (this tempers their health);
- for maximum income, pigs should be fed with quality products in excess;
- for own production of young animals, it is not necessary to have your own boar, it can be rented from a neighboring farm;
- average profitability in the industry - 25-30 percent;
- in order not to lose piglets, it is important to observe the hygienic conditions for their maintenance;
- it is important to castrate the growing boars in time, otherwise the meat will be spoiled;
- the room for keeping pets must be clean and treated with disinfectants;
- required periodic holding preventive measures against animal diseases/avitaminosis.
How mating is carried out
Most breeds of pigs are ready for mating at the age of eight to ten months. However, young sows produce fewer piglets (for example, a pig at six months produces eight piglets, and twelve piglets per year). The success of mating depends on the correct determination of the period of hunting in the future queen.
Signs of determining the readiness of the sow for mating:
- redness and swelling of the genitals;
- the presence of expiration;
- restless behavior;
- loss of appetite;
- falling into a kind of "stupor".
The duration of the hunting period in queens is 1-3 days, its frequency is 17-24 days.
Pregnancy and childbirth
In order for a pregnant pig to bring healthy offspring, the farmer must provide it with high-quality feed and decent living conditions. In a sow, pregnancy lasts approximately 114 days. In the second half of the term, the feed for the female should be especially nutritious, they are saturated with a large amount of grain. The temperature in the room where the pig is kept should not fall below 18 degrees Celsius. Also, you can not give the animal cold water.
Features of farrowing pigs:
- childbirth in pigs is accompanied by attempts that occur approximately every ten minutes;
- during farrowing, each contraction is accompanied by the birth of a new cub;
- duration of childbirth - from 1.5 to 6 hours;
- newborns need to wash the patch and clean the mouth and ears from mucus;
- after the piglets are wiped dry, they bandage the umbilical cord (about five centimeters from the abdomen);
- the end of the canal is cut and cauterized with iodine;
- if the piglet is not breathing, then you can try to blow air through his mouth or / and lower his body for a minute in warm water;
It is important that farrowing takes place in the presence of a person who knows how to behave and what to do during the birth of a pig. In this case, the number of surviving piglets will be greater, as they will be provided with qualified timely assistance.
How and where to sell meat from a pig farm?
Sales channels for pig products:
| farm scale | Sales channels |
| Household (up to 10 heads) | Direct sales to relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, friends, visitors to agricultural markets. |
| Mini-farm (from 10 to 100 heads) |
|
| Large farm (more than a hundred heads) |
|
To increase sales will help:
- advertisements in local newspapers;
- announcements on regional bulletin boards on the Internet;
- own information site;
- groups in popular social networks;
- advertising on thematic sites / forums, etc.
Financial plan for the development of a pig farm
The business plan is important document for starting your own home business, it identifies the key points that will allow you to profitably raise pigs.
The financial planning of a pig farm is based on the following inputs:
| Index | Meaning |
| Number of purchased piglets at the age of two months | 9 pieces |
| Number of sows purchased | 1 piece |
| Expected offspring per year | 24 pigs |
| Maximum farm capacity | Simultaneously rearing no more than 15 pigs for slaughter |
| Pig breed | Large white |
| Products for sale | Meat in assortment, lard, offal, skins, piglets (young animals) |
| Own breeding of young animals | Supposed |
| Business Format | Small peasant farm, the farm opens from scratch |
| Farm site | Russian Federation, Central Federal District, a village with a population of about 2 thousand people (distance from regional center- 50 kilometers). |
| Premises with adjacent territory | The building for keeping pigs will be converted from an old farmstead, previously used for keeping cattle. total area- 80 square meters, there is a hayloft. Requires cosmetic repairs, disinfection, redevelopment of the premises. The area of the adjacent land is 30 acres. It is necessary to organize a corral for grazing pigs, part of which will be equipped with a canopy. |
| Own forage harvesting | It is assumed (vegetables, fruits, root vegetables, grass, legumes, etc.) |
| Form of ownership of the premises and land | Owned |
| Driveways | Good |
| Sales channels | Own consumption, sales to friends and visitors of the agricultural market, cooperation with grocery stores, cafes and canteens. |
| State | Family row - three people |
How much money do you need to open a pig farm?
Investments in opening a home farm for breeding piglets:
| Expenditures | Approximate prices, rub. |
| Registration of a peasant farm | 10 000 |
| room layout, construction works, repair, disinfection measures | 30 000 |
| Purchase of pig farm equipment | 240 000 |
| Purchase of piglets and sows | 50 000 |
| Piglets vaccination | 5 000 |
| Purchase of feed, straw and other consumables | 15 000 |
| other expenses | 5 000 |
| Total | 355 000 |
Main sources of start-up capital:
- own funds;
- loans from relatives and friends;
- attraction of partners with capital;
- Bank loan;
- subsidy from the labor exchange;
- grant from the Ministry Agriculture.
Recurring costs
Estimated costs of maintaining a home pig farm:
Income
The following information will help you determine how much you can earn on pigs at home:
A rural pig breeding business will have the following performance indicators:
Calendar plan
Implementation schedule of the marbled beef farm project:
| Stages | 1 month | 2 month | 3 month | 4 month | 5 -8 month | 9-12 month |
| The choice of breed of pigs for growing and business format | + | |||||
| Business project calculation | + | |||||
| Preparation of documents for the registration of KFH and its registration | + | + | ||||
| Carrying out preparatory work with the premises (re-planning, construction, repair, laying of communications, disinfection, etc.) | + | + | ||||
| Negotiations with potential partners on the sale of products | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Finding piglet breeders | + | |||||
| Purchase, delivery, assembly and installation of pigsty equipment and utility rooms | + | + | ||||
| Purchase, delivery of piglets and sows | + | |||||
| Purchase, delivery of feed and other raw materials and materials | + | |||||
| sow mating | + | |||||
| Getting the first offspring | + | |||||
| Getting the first profit from the sale of meat and other products | + |
Risks and payback
Home piglet rearing has the following risks:
- Veterinary/zootechnical. An untimely detected disease, vaccination done / not done, improper conditions for fattening and keeping piglets, can lead to their death and losses. The farmer must buy strong and healthy animals from trusted breeders who guarantee the quality of the young animals sold.
- An increase in prices for feed, seeds, straw, etc. Despite the increase in feed prices, the entrepreneur should not save on the quality of nutrition for piglets. In this case, it is better to take care of the development own production forage base (vegetables, fruits, legumes, etc.).
- Difficulties with the sale of products. If an entrepreneur takes care of establishing distribution channels in advance, then he will cope with the sale of a small volume of meat products without any problems. Pork does not belong to the category of expensive meat and is used in great demand at the population. Therefore, the main problems with the sale of pork will most likely be associated with poor marketing organization.
- Economic crises. A decrease in the purchasing power of the target audience may lead to a slight reduction in demand. In such a situation, sales can be increased by slightly reducing the price.
The profitability of the piglet breeding business allows us to talk about its high profitability, which makes it possible to recoup starting investments for 18-20 months.
Video
The video tells how to open a profitable and profitable business in the field of animal husbandry at home. Filmed by the channel: "Peasant".
Meat is always in demand as it is one of the staple foods that people include in their daily diet. Meat and fat are actively bought even during the crisis, this stable business which, if handled correctly, can be very profitable. In this article, we will consider a business plan for a pig breeding farm, describe the breeds of these animals, the technology of keeping and the markets for finished products.
General points
Firstly, this is a very complex business that requires a lot of investment and labor, so if you think that there is nothing complicated there, you are greatly mistaken. A person who has not previously had experience in breeding pigs, at least at home, will find it difficult to understand all the nuances and understand the methodology for building the process.
But there is a way out. If you want to build a truly stable source of income based on new technologies, then if you have the opportunity, you can go and see how this business is being built in Europe. You do not need to go to those enterprises where animals are simply fed with premixes in order to make a profit as soon as possible, look for farms where they are grown according to classical technology.
Healthy eating and quality products are now in vogue, so do not make mistakes at the start, give up premixes and various additives for animals to quickly gain weight. Get quality, not quantity.
The second thing is that you will need a starting capital and obtaining all the necessary documents.
Do not rush to do business on a large pig farm for 100 heads, start small. In case of failure, you can easily wind down your business, and the losses will be minimal. But if things go well, then we can safely develop this area of activity.
Pig breeds
There are many various breeds pigs. In our country, the following species have most taken root: white large sow, landrace, Estonian bacon and Vietnamese bellied pig.
When choosing a breed, you should pay attention to the meat group of the breed. So, they can be divided into: greasy, meat-greasy, meat, bacon. The last two types are the most profitable, since meat as a product is more expensive than lard in itself.
Let's take a closer look at what breed of pigs is profitable to breed.
German Landrace. This is a breed that is characterized by high rates of weight gain, which during the period of active fattening can be up to 800 grams per day. Experienced farmers have deduced the proportion that in order to gain 1 kg of weight during this period, you need to feed 2.6 kg of feed. Also, this type of pig has good immunity and resistance to stress.
Estonian bacon. Has a strong physique and a high rate of weight gain. The indicator of feed consumption in comparison with the species given above is less by 180 grams. A very prolific pig breed that produces 12 piglets per survey.
Hungarian mangalica. This is one of the most popular types of pigs that are bred by European farmers. This breed pigs appeared after crossing a wild boar and a domestic pig. The meat of this breed is also called marble, for its quality, it is highly valued not only among private buyers, but also wholesale buyers in the face of restaurants and meat shops. By the way, the well-known “Spanish jamon” is made from the meat of the Hungarian mangalica. This type of pig is not whimsical to feed and may well eat: beet pulp, grass, bran, chestnuts, and so on. One of the main advantages of this species is the presence of thick wool on the body, which in cold weather allows you to keep warm and not lose weight.
Vietnamese bellied. This pig breed is very different from the above species and you will need to provide special conditions maintenance, walking and feeding. We will try to write a separate article later and describe the entire content technology in more detail.
White big. This is another type of pig that farmers use to build a mini business for the production of pork meat. Of the features, it can be distinguished that in a year males gain weight up to 350 kg, and females up to 250 kg. The high fertility of this breed is another plus in her piggy bank, so one female can bring up to 10 - 15 piglets per farrow, weighing 1-1.2 kg each. On average, these piglets gain 100 kg of weight in 6 months.
There are other breeds: Duroc, Urzhum, Hampshire, Ukrainian steppe, Murom, North Siberian and others.
If you decide to develop pig breeding as your main business, then you should try to grow several breeds, look at the result and choose the most profitable option.
room
Finding a space is the first step in starting a pig farming business. If you live in a city, then it makes sense to pay attention to the nearby villages. You need to go around the neighborhood and find abandoned farms, then contact their owners and rent the most suitable option.
In order to at least roughly focus on the area that needs to be included in the business plan of a mini pig farm, then here you need to proceed from the numbers 3 sq.m. for one individual. For sows, this figure is about 5 sq.m. Thus, a farm of 50 heads will need a room of at least 150 - 200 sq.m. In addition, you will need to organize a walking area, cages for young animals and technical rooms for staff and storage of food and tools.
Finding a room is only half the battle, you need to repair it and equip it with all the necessary communications.
Let's dwell on this in more detail.
To prepare the room you will need:
- disinfect the premises.
- renovation of the building inside and out.
- electricity.
- water.
- ventilation.
- heating. Can be used as heating systems solid fuel boilers.
- construction of cages and pens.
If the size of the room is large enough, try to repair and equip them in parts. You can separate the parts using cheap foam blocks or used bricks.
Equipment
Like any type of activity, the pig farming business requires the purchase of the right equipment. At the initial stages, you can do some of the work manually, but with an increase in the number of heads, you will still need to automate some of the processes. Most often, systems for distributing food and water, as well as a waste collection system, fall under automation.
When choosing a feeding system, you must first decide in what format the feeding will take place. There are two types: dry food and liquid food, the price of the equipment will depend on the format.
More preferred is the dry type of feeding. First, you will save on equipment. Secondly, there will be fewer questions from the SES.
Most of these farms use a system of distributing feed from a silo and then distributing it through a spiral feed pipe. Remember to install dosing devices on the feed system according to the number of pigs kept in the cage.
Water is supplied to the drinkers using plastic pipes that are connected to the water supply.
As heating, solid fuel boilers on wood or coal are used, with a system of radiators and underfloor heating pipes along the contour of the building.
For lighting, they buy mainly LED lamps, in order to save money and increase the profitability of the enterprise.
Feed
Since feed in the pig business takes up the bulk of the costs, the more balanced the nutrition is, the more you can save and get a good result in meat and lard.
It should be noted that all food can be divided into three categories:
- excellent food that promotes meat growth: wheat, barley, carrots, beans, beets and peas.
- a mixed species, which is also given to the diet of pigs: whey, clover, alfalfa and other herbs.
- it is not advisable to give, but sometimes you can mix: potatoes, corn, buckwheat and others.
Using only the first type of feed is not at all profitable, since it will cost you a pretty penny, it is better to combine the first two options and sometimes boil potatoes, adding it to the feeding schedule of these animals. Don't forget about vitamins.
Feeding schedule can be as follows:
- piglets up to 3 months - 5 times a day.
- young individuals up to 5 months - 4 times a day.
- adult pigs from 5 months and older - 3 times a day.
There is already every farmer who leads home business breeding pigs for sale, you decide for yourself whether it is profitable for him to feed according to such a scheme or not, and applies his method.
Pig rearing technology
We have already talked about premises and equipment, but it is not yet clear how exactly to combine all this into an integral enterprise. They will come to the rescue turnkey solutions foreign companies. The most popular technologies are Danish and Canadian technologies. Let's look at them in more detail.
Danish
The chip of this technology is the construction of floor coverings, as well as the division of sections of the premises for various tasks. Let's go into more detail.
In breeding conditions, adult pigs are placed in cages with a concrete floor in the form of a lattice. This cover design provides automatic removal of manure and urine. Not only do you save on daily pet bedding changes, but you also get rid of daily physical labor.
For sows and small piglets, the flooring is made of plastic, and the rooms are equipped with good heating and ventilation systems.
For very small ones, they make heating places in which it is installed infrared lamps and heaters.
Feeding is also automated, as is the water supply system.
Canadian
There are slightly different conditions for growing pigs. This technology is mainly used for small farms. A non-removable layer of dry straw or sawdust is used here as bedding. Every day, workers sprinkle this material, updating the floor covering, and the lower rotting layer creates all the necessary conditions for heat transfer. As you can see, this method is more suitable for a home business option, it quickly pays off and allows you to expand the number of pigs with minimal investment.
With the Canadian method you can keep pigs for fattening both single and pregnant sows.
Staff
In addition to handymen who will keep the pigs, you need at least two of them, you will need: a veterinarian, an accountant, a security guard, a cleaner.
A veterinarian and an accountant can be taken on a part-time basis, but a security guard must be on the farm all the time. You will need 2 security guards with a shift schedule.
Profitability
Let's calculate a business plan for a small farm that will raise pigs for meat.
Let's assume that the farm will consist of 20 sows. Each of them can produce from 10 to 15 piglets per year. So, on average, about 250 piglets can be grown for fattening per year. During the year they can gain about 100 - 150 kg of weight, when sold, it will be about 60 kg of meat products. If we take on average the cost of these products is about $ 5 - $ 6, then we can calculate that you will earn about $ 75,000 per year. If we remove taxes, wages, food, payment of utility bills from this amount, then we can safely divide it into two, and this is about $ 35,000, on average it turns out to be about $ 2,500 per month. The result is not bad, but this is ideal. In practice, everything can be sadder. Either they sold it cheaper, then the pigs got sick, this also happens often.
How many pigs it is better to start a business with is up to you, but the earnings of your farm will directly depend on the volume. If you are a beginner, do not start with a large population, it is best to gradually increase it, while honing the technology and all business processes.
Here is a short video on this topic.
Markets
Produced pork can be sold at retail prices at food markets in major cities. This will be the most profitable activity.
You can also use other, wholesale distribution channels for products:
- meat (sausage) shops.
- restaurants, cafes and other catering establishments.
- butchers and grocery stores.
- public institutions (kindergartens, schools) and others.
You can also look for regular private clients among urban residents, and work with them on an ongoing basis.
Conclusions. The business idea for raising and selling pigs is a complex activity that requires compliance with the technology of feeding and keeping these animals. It is important to choose the right breed of pigs and optimize the diet, then the profit will be maximum.
Do you have experience in this niche? We look forward to feedback and recommendations below in the comments.
For start-up entrepreneurs, many roads are now open, to create own business nowadays it's easier than ever before. Most often, young businessmen choose the agro-industrial direction. It also includes raising pigs as a business. Profitability, business plan, feedback from experienced and successful entrepreneurs in this area - we will consider all this today.
What does it represent?
You can understand the success and demand by estimating the amount of pork consumed by Russians in one year - this is about two million tons.
The creation of a pig farm is only encouraged, because the course is to reduce foreign production and promote domestic production. It is also worth noting that due to the large reduction in imported pork, there is some kind of shortage on the shelves. That is why it is worth quickly joining this area.
Advantages:
- Sufficiently small time intervals in which piglets have time to grow up for slaughter.
- Finished products, that is, pork, allows you to fully pay for itself, leaving behind almost no unsellable waste (5% per 100 kilos).
- To create a medium-sized working economy, not the greatest amount of money will be required.
- Standard sows are capable of producing 10-12 new piglets per cycle.
The above tells us that building our own new business raising pigs for slaughter is really profitable, especially if you carefully and carefully approach the organization of a business plan and work planning.
What is needed to implement the project?
Many experienced owners this business beginners are advised not to try to jump over their heads, starting a small farm for 10-20 heads. The project can even begin in your country house or on your personal plot, and without registration at all.
Official registration will be needed in the future with the expansion of the business to work directly with stores and large firms. By law, the farmer has the right to engage in the sale of surplus personal products. You don't have to pay sales tax. What is really required is:
- an area sufficient for the construction of a pigsty and walking pigs in a fenced paddock;
- the actual pigsty and paddock;
- piglets;
- stern;
- start-up capital.
We equip the future pigsty
The initial organization of pig breeding requires finding a land area of 150 square meters for 10 pigs. About a third of the area will be directly occupied by a pigsty.
Under such a room, any barn or ownerless building is perfect. If nothing like this is available, you will have to start building. You must have at your disposal:
- Floor filled with concrete.
- Pork sections divided by two square meters.
- Partitions reinforced with wood or plywood between these sections.
- Heat-resistant wall and ceiling coating.
- Special "baths" in the floor for more convenient cleaning of manure and other waste from the pig farm.
- Quality ventilation.
- Lighting.
It is worth taking care of a good litter for pigs. As materials, you can take, for example, straw or sawdust. Do not forget about special feeders and drinkers, which, by the way, must be sealed like a non-spill, so that water and food do not pollute the floor, spreading a sufficiently large dampness.
Choosing the best breed for breeding
Basically, in industrial pig breeding, three categories of breeding pigs are distinguished:
- Universal - suitable for both meat and lard. Quite meaty and extremely popular. The most famous and purchased representatives of the breeds of such pigs are Mangalitsa, Korean and Chinese.
- Meat-bacon - white pigs with a long body and pronounced hams and sirloin zone. Most often bought: Belly Vietnamese, Duroc and Donskaya Meat.
- Meat - black and having a rather variegated color and low fertility. Specifically intended for meat. Most bought: Ukrainian Steppe and Mirgorodskaya.
We buy young animals correctly
The number of purchased heads depends on your capabilities. The optimal ratio is a boar and 8 sows per 150 pig heads. In this case, organizing a business plan for a pig farm, for example, for 100 heads of piglets, it is worth buying one boar and 6 sows. At the same time, mini-slaughterhouses with a much smaller number of heads are also effective.
Small production also has the right to life, but if possible, it is worth starting with at least a hundred heads. When choosing the gilts themselves, feel free to ask questions to the owners, inspect the young and travel to several different farms in search of the best option.
It is important to learn about the pedigree, and in several generations at once, because it protects you from possible problems associated with closely related mating or mixing of different breeds. In addition, it is worth evaluating the productivity of parents, because it is from them that such qualities as high fertility and good health are transmitted to the piglet, which is clearly expressed in profitability.
Do not rush to make a choice, because it depends on the purchase of young animals how much the investment in your pig breeding business will pay off, how high sales will be, and whether you will lose money. Recently, newcomers have been buying Vietnamese and other Asian pigs, because they are better suited for making quality pork and bacon. They should be described as:
- Highly fertile (in the case of sows).
- Extremely productive in terms of the availability of meat.
- Great for making bacon.
- They have an extremely positive reputation both among other farmers and meat customers.
- Really well resistant to various kinds of diseases.
Avoid having two boars or a boar and a pig in the same section. The organization of the pigsty also requires that the sow and piglets are generally separated from the others. In addition, there are certain rules for feeding pigs.
It is important to understand that it is impossible to save on feed here. Make a balanced diet so that the animal gains weight, but feels good. And the quality of the food plays an important role in this, besides affecting the taste and texture of the meat.
Feed for pigs is divided into three categories, and the first two try to combine with each other. The third is used extremely rarely, and six months before the heads are sent for slaughter, these feeds are completely excluded from the diet. Actually, to different categories relate:
- First: grains like wheat and rye, legumes, peas, carrots, beets.
- Second: various herbs like clover and alfalfa.
- Third: lots of vegetables, including potatoes and corn, as well as buckwheat and millet.
Tip: to increase the growth of meat, more green fodder is added to the finished diet, to increase the concentration of fat, they begin to add more potatoes, root crops and barley.
Recruiting the right staff
Personally, you will be able to calmly deal with issues related to documentation, finances and making contacts with suppliers and customers, trusting experienced people. You will need:
- A veterinarian is hardly an entrepreneur who has not previously dealt with animals, is able to monitor their health. This person will be able to guarantee the health of piglets for sale for buyers, the quality of meat for customers and the excellent conditions for doing business on the farm for various checks. Regular hiring of a veterinarian is much cheaper than losing even part of the farm.
- Livestock specialist - this person will independently deal with the equipment for slaughtering and making meat for sale. One technician is critical to productive work in production, in addition, he understands technology better than you.
- Workers - a small farm can be run independently, cleaning up after the pigs, adding food and water to them and filling the pigsty with sawdust. But with the expansion of the project, more hands are required. Utility laborers They will also help with product packaging and animal tracking. Most often, two workers are kept on an average farm.
Here you can download ready-made as an example for free.
Cost calculation
Let's take as an example an average farm for 130 heads, the owner of which does not have its own plot and keeps its own staff of workers. In this case, it is easy to create a table of project costs:
| Expense line | Amount of expenses, thousand rubles | |
| 1 | Plot rental | 120 |
| 2 | Pigsty repair | 25 |
| 3 | Purchase of equipment | 500 |
| 4 | Purchase of young animals and pigs | 320 |
| 5 | Public utilities | 20 |
| 6 | Paperwork | 10 |
| 7 | Wage workers, technicians and veterinarians | 130 |
| 8 | Purchase of feed | 25 |
| 9 | Unexpected expenses | 10 |
| Total: | 1170 | |
As a result, the business from scratch in terms of capital investments comes out to the amount of more than a million rubles. Focus on this amount and do not forget that the table also contains monthly costs such as rent, purchase of feed, payment utilities and salary payments.
After one six-month cycle, 125 pigs will go for sale or slaughter for meat, because the remaining five will be needed for further breeding. In this case, the owner will receive approximately 3,100 thousand rubles from the sale of pigs for meat, if the price per kilo in this moment is 250 rubles.
With calculations of semi-annual monthly costs, the profit from the sale is about 1,500 rubles, which will already pay off the costs of opening. Thus, the profitability is approximately six months.
Video: farmer's experience in breeding pigs.
Many people who have a house and a plot in a rural area, sooner or later begin to think about getting some kind of stable income with the available land area and buildings, start your own business. As a rule, the first thing that comes to mind is pig farming. As a business, this direction has great prospects for development. High-quality pork is always in demand in the market and has a fairly high price level. The second reason for the increased popularity of pig farming is the ease of technological process- you only need to raise an animal and sell the resulting products. Let's try to understand all the subtleties in order to foresee possible difficulties in organizing profitable business breeding pigs.
General issues
If you are determined to consider pig farming as a business, you should initially realize the following point, you will have to radically restructure your routine, constantly pay attention to your farm, and regularly deal with financial and physical investments in your chosen occupation.
At the planning stage of opening a pig farm, try to realistically assess your ability to sell the pork produced. If you are planning to build a relatively small business on breeding and raising pigs, and you can sell all the products on your own at familiar and agricultural fairs, then it is enough to have your own farm. But in the case of a sufficiently large-scale production of pork, more opportunities for the sale of meat and fat will provide the status of an individual entrepreneur. At the same time, you will have to pay taxes regularly and operate with a large number of permits, however, it will be possible to safely increase the pig farm to the desired livestock.
First of all, think over in detail the business plan according to which your pig-breeding enterprise will be formed and developed. It is entirely possible to start with a few sows and gradually build up to the desired number.
Provide for the use of your own breeding producers, initially opting for a specific breed. Of the two possible directions of development, the organization of pig farming should place the main emphasis on the production and marketing of meat. Support the breeding direction in raising pigs only for your own needs for the reproduction of livestock, since the sale of young animals to the population does not always pay off the investment.
In addition to selling the main pig products (lard and meat), find opportunities to sell by-products (skins, blood, etc.). A smokehouse can be a good help on the farm for the wider development of a pig farm - smoked meats are also in great demand on the market, and their shelf life is longer than that of fresh products.
All of the above should be summarized in a single business plan for breeding pigs and raising them, and add there:
- possible feed purchase markets;
- organization and maintenance costs life cycle pig farms;
- identification and minimization of all risks in pig production;
- the possibility of attracting specialists from veterinarians and livestock specialists.
Required documents
The business of raising pigs is a serious and responsible step, which implies that the entrepreneur has in his hands a complete package of documents regulating and authorizing activities. The main question at the same time: how to open a pig farm - baffles most people. However, not everything is as scary as it often seems.
To obtain documents, decide on the choice of a specific area in which your activities will take place and the pig farm will develop, since it is in that region that you will have to communicate with officials. Initially, coordinate with the administration of the selected area the possibility of organizing pig breeding on their territory and the specific location of the future pig farm. Already at this stage, it is desirable to have a business plan to show the seriousness of your intentions, as well as your own competence in the selected project.
It is no secret that most often officials positively consider questions about the formation of new jobs, which, of course, will appear after the start of a new business and the construction of a pig farm. In this case, the administration provides the entrepreneur with everything possible options opening a pig farm and registration land plot. It is also possible that an assistant will be allocated for you in the preparation of all papers: from documents registering the enterprise and your activities, to assistance in obtaining possible government investments for the development of a pig farm.
Premises and equipment
Having received all the necessary permits for doing business, you should pay maximum attention to the premises, its construction or preparation for settling with pigs. You can be allocated an old premises, which should be reconstructed and equipped for the needs of your own pig farm. Building a pigsty from scratch will cost a little more, but in this case you will be able to build the required communications in accordance with the business plan.
Organization of a pig farm for 100 or more heads involves hiring people who will take care of the animals. Therefore, when drawing up a scheme for the premises of a pig-breeding complex, lay in the plan the allocation of office, household, industrial and utility rooms, laboratories and more. For a herd of 300 heads, the optimal area of all premises is about 5000 m².
The premises of the pig farm must meet the requirements of sanitation, be clean, bright, special attention should be paid to the destruction of drafts.
Also pay special attention to the installation of equipment and equipment of the pig farm. The cost of acquiring the latest equipment will pay off very quickly, because it will create optimal conditions for growing each pig and reduce the cost of doing business to a minimum.
Most of the Russian pig farms are equipped with equipment that has already worked out its useful life and is obsolete. Often its age exceeds 20 years, much is out of order. And this leads to direct losses: increased morbidity of pigs, waste of feed, and so on.
At modern approach to the organization of raising piglets and pigs as a business, it implies almost complete automation of the life support process of a pig farm. This should be striven for.
Breed selection
Today in the world there are more than a hundred breeds of pigs of different productivity directions. Therefore, before purchasing livestock for the future herd, carefully consider and decide on the choice of the breed that will become the predominant or the only basis for the pig breeding of your livestock farm or individual entrepreneur.
Experts who have already passed the path of starting and developing their own pig farm business recommend purchasing up to 350-400 heads of pigs and piglets to start. Of these, approximately 2 boars and 15 sows. Buy the rest of the piglets for fattening and subsequent sale, so that the business generates income from the very beginning. The pig farm business plan should provide for this possibility, however, if there is not enough finance for a one-time purchase of a large number of individuals, you can start with a mini-enterprise, developing at the expense of your own producers.
Even before acquiring breeding individuals, it is advisable to visit several farms engaged in pig breeding, take a closer look at the proposed young stock, study pedigrees in several generations, and find out all the features of a particular individual:
- First, as a result of this study, you will be able to avoid closely related mating of animals;
- Secondly, productive qualities are inherited, and you will get a good offspring only from highly productive and healthy pigs;
- Thirdly, by buying pigs for a tribe, you are making an investment in your business for several years to come, and how your investment will pay off depends on which animals you choose.
Recently, Russian farmers often choose to do business on breeding and fattening Vietnamese pigs, laying highly productive breeds at the heart of a business plan. Indeed, these animals have necessary qualities to get into a successful and profitable pig farm business plan:
- sow fertility,
- high profitability of growing pigs of this breed,
- bacon performance direction,
- popularity among amateurs, which contributes to good sales of meat products and young animals and high profitability of the business,
- disease resistance.
Breeding Vietnamese bellied herbivorous pigs as a business can bring good profits, provided that they are created for these animals necessary conditions(warm pigsty and spacious range).
Only well-balanced feeds and feed mixtures, of high quality and formulated in the right ratio for each specific age group animals, lead to stable high income and the prosperity of your business.
Follow the same principle in the process of breeding and reproduction of the herd. Activities in this direction need to be carried out on high level constantly, systematically and purposefully. To work with sows and newborn piglets, select responsible and familiar with all the nuances of personnel. It is also advisable to involve a livestock specialist for work.
It is specialists who have the necessary experience and knowledge in the field of pig breeding who will help to avoid mistakes when choosing the time for mating pigs, caring for sows during pregnancy, and assisting animals during childbirth. And this will reduce the mortality of young animals - which means it will increase the profitability of the business.
Financial rationale for the business plan
In order to calculate the profitability of pig breeding, we will assume that the livestock will be 350-400 individuals. For this amount, it will be necessary to prepare about 30-35 tons of grain and 250-300 kg of various additives for a year, a staff of 4-5 people will be required. To reduce the cost of feed, you can use your own sowing plots for growing crops, root crops, potatoes and other additives. The receipt and registration of such plots should be initially provided in the business plan for the development of the pig farm.
Composing detailed business plan pig farms and calculating the financial costs necessary to start the enterprise, we will assume that from 15 sows of this herd you can get an average of 150 piglets per farrow. Surveys are conducted twice a year, which gives approximately 300 finishing piglets per year. Growing them up to a live weight of 100 kg, we will spend up to one year on fattening, depending on the conditions and breed. In this case, the net yield of products is 50-60 kg. Multiply this figure by the number of piglets grown and by market value 1 kg of pork, we will get the income of our business. On average, it is about 3,150,000 rubles a year.
From the amount received, subtract the expenditure part (the cost of feed, utilities, workers' wages, transportation costs, etc.) - we get the amount, which means net profit enterprises. Approximately it is about 1 million rubles a year. With such a profit, the business will pay for itself within 2.5-3 years, and then it will begin to generate a very significant income.
Of course, every pig breeder who decides to build his own business for fattening and breeding artiodactyls must independently make the above calculations, taking into account the characteristics and prices of the region in which he will establish a pig farm. Having received concrete figures, it is much easier to answer the burning question: is it profitable and should it be engaged in pig farming.
Igor Nikolaev
Reading time: 6 minutes
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Pig farming as a business is probably one of the most common and productive types of animal husbandry. Raising pigs for meat is quite profitable and not the most difficult task. In the current economic situation, the government of our country began to pay more and more attention to the development of domestic agriculture.
It follows from this that if you choose for your entrepreneurial activity such an industry as pig farming, it is quite possible to obtain and state support when organizing and developing your business from scratch.
Pig farming as a business. Where to begin?
First of all, you should decide what kind of pig breeding you plan to do. Based on this, you should choose the breed of pigs that is best suited for the chosen direction.
Currently, the choice of such breeds is truly huge, however, all varieties of these domestic animals are divided into three main areas (depending on the type of product obtained): meat and tallow, tallow and meat (bacon).
Of course, you can not get hung up on one and choose several pig breeding directions at once.
However, for example, such a type of these animals as meat and tallow produce two types of products at once, so it’s worth looking at these breed groups first.
On the territory of our country, the most popular meat and tallow varieties of pigs are: Liven, North Siberian, Ukrainian steppe and Yorkshire. In addition to the direction itself, when choosing the breed of the future herd, you need to take into account the availability of food supply and the climatic conditions of your region.
Required documents
Once you have made the decision to engage in commercial pig farming, it is worth thinking about the legal registration of your business so that it is legal and meets all legal requirements.
Any registration requires a certain package of documents, a list of which you can get from the tax authorities at the place of residence. If you consider yourself a legally savvy person and you have enough free time, then you can assemble this package and register a business yourself. If you still have any difficulties, it is better to seek help from a qualified specialist (their services are usually not very expensive).
The simplest form of registration of your business in terms of registration and in terms of subsequent submission of reports is an individual entrepreneur - individual entrepreneur. However, keep in mind that such registration is only necessary if your planned herd size exceeds 100 units. If your initial plans are more modest than the announced figure, it is easier to arrange the simplest household plot, which will still allow you to sell the surplus of the products received.
If individual entrepreneurship still needed, remember the OKVED code ( All-Russian Classifier Types of Economic Activities), which must be specified at the time of registration. Its number is 01.46.11, which means "raising pigs for meat." In the event that you plan to receive additional income from the cultivation and subsequent sale of breeding animals, immediately enter another code - 01.46.12, meaning "breeding of breeding stock of pigs." The number of such codes for one entrepreneur is not limited, so if you have any other type of business in your plans, then experts will help you choose OKVED for it.
Many people at the mention of the word "pig" immediately imagine dirt and sewage. This is a common and widespread misconception. In fact, they are very clean animals.
In addition, they grow and reproduce much better in a clean and relatively warm environment. Pigs do not like drafts and dampness. The optimal temperature regime for them is considered to be one in which the ambient temperature does not fall below 12 degrees Celsius. When keeping young animals, this indicator should not be lower than 16 degrees.
What is needed for pig breeding in the first place?
A novice pig breeder must remember that before buying a herd, it is necessary to equip a good room for him in advance.
Most the best option- a building with brick walls with a thickness of at least 50 centimeters and a floor covered with boards (or concrete). There should be no cracks on the surface of the floor covering to avoid possible injury to animals. The floor should be insulated by pouring a mixture of clean sand and sawdust on it, with a layer thickness of at least 20 centimeters.
In fact, in many cases it is not necessary to build a pigsty from scratch.
It is cheaper and easier to find a more or less suitable abandoned room (of which there are quite a lot in Russia) and make repairs in it. If you still decide to build your own building, then you should pay attention to prefabricated buildings made of metal frame and sandwich panels. Such structures are cheaper than brick ones and are built much faster. It is only necessary to choose the right contractor company with a good reputation in the market and a large number of buildings built by it and already functioning.
An important point in the construction or arrangement of a pigsty is the possibility of convenient and quick regular cleaning in it, in connection with which, usually, sewerage and water supply are immediately provided for in such a room. If you plan to keep animals in a pigsty year-round, you will need a heating system. A prerequisite is the presence of the correct drinkers and feeders.
If you plan to keep a herd of more than 100 heads, you should take care of the automation of the distribution of water and feed.
Otherwise, a large number of workers serving pigs will be needed. When breeding these domestic animals, it is necessary to have a separate room for pregnant sows. It must be well heated in order to provide comfortable conditions for the birth, growth and normal development of born piglets.
Next to the pigsty, it is necessary to provide a platform for walking animals.
Regular exercise for outdoors contribute to rapid weight gain and reduce morbidity. In addition, the presence of a walking area makes it easier to maintain cleanliness in the room, since pigs are more likely to defecate in the open.
At least once a month, it is imperative to carry out measures to disinfect the pigsty.
Into the cold winter period to this end, several times in one week, all adult pigs can be removed from the room to the street and it is well ventilated, lowering the internal temperature down to minus. This one is simple but effective method helps to get rid of most of the pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Feeding
In order for pigs to quickly gain weight, it is necessary to correctly approach the issue of compiling their diet.
Until the age of three months, piglets need to be fed 5 times daily, from the age of three to the age of five months they need to be fed 4 times a day, after which they should be transferred to three meals a day.
After each feeding, you should carefully clean out the uneaten food residues from all feeders.
Feed for feeding pigs is also on sale in the form of ready-made mixtures, but in order not to overpay for them, it is better to cook them yourself.
To quickly gain live weight and improve the quality characteristics of meat, the following types of products should be included in the diet of animals: grain feed (barley, millet, rye), root crops (carrots, beets, potatoes), legumes (peas). Pumpkin is also well suited for these purposes. In some farms, pigs are given corn and buckwheat. Wheat and barley bran must be present in the diet.
Feeding products such as oats, soybeans and cake negatively affects the quality characteristics of fat and meat.
The main key to a successful pig business is getting offspring, so when choosing the breed of your herd, pay special attention to its food preferences, climate resistance in your area and immunity to various kinds of diseases. It is very important that the acquired animals do not have even the most distant degree of relationship, since inbreeding often leads to non-viable offspring.
Puberty in pigs occurs at six months, but animals should not be allowed to mate before they reach the age of 10 months. The weight of an animal that is allowed to be mated must be at least 100 kilograms. Pregnancy lasts approximately 110 days. The duration of labor is from one and a half to six hours. The fertility of these animals is at a high level. Females up to a year usually give up to 8 piglets at a time, after a year - from 10 or more. Despite the fact that sows give birth without assistance, it is still desirable to have people at farrowing, as the animal may need help. During the period of gestation, females are transferred to enhanced nutrition with a predominance of grain feed.
hired personnel
If your herd has more than 20 animals, you need an assistant. Usually the number of pigs is calculated according to the scheme 20 pigs - one worker. The rest of the staff is taken to the whole herd.
These professionals include:
- vet;
- livestock specialist;
- laborers (depending on the number of livestock and the volume of the premises for keeping animals).
Pig farming as a business. Where to start and how to succeed?
All of the above features of doing this business require certain costs.
Therefore, before you start organizing your business, you should definitely draw up a business plan, the essence of which is to compare the initial capital investments And current expenses with expected income.
This will allow you to evaluate the payback period and overall profitability. Successful project You should always start with a business plan.
For example, consider the expenditure and income part of the pig business based on 100 pigs.
Main items of expenditure:
- construction and equipment of a pigsty - from 1,000,000 rubles;
- remuneration of personnel - from 800,000 rubles / year;
- purchase of animals - from 500,000 rubles;
- costs for the purchase of feed - from 200,000 rubles / year.
Total minimum investment for the first year amounted to 2,500,000 rubles.
The income part consists of:
- income from the sale of meat - from 600,000 rubles / year;
- proceeds from the sale of offspring - from 300,000 rubles / year.
The total planned income of the first year of operation amounted to 900,000 rubles.
Even this very rough calculation shows that the payback period is at least three years, subject to a gradual increase in the revenue side due to the growth of livestock.
Conclusion
Pig farming as a business is a promising idea for several reasons:
- There is a consistently high demand for these products.
- a mini-farm does not require any outrageous initial investment. You can even start with a small herd.
- pigs don't need special conditions content. Their maintenance requirements are minimal.
The disadvantages of this business idea include a two-three-year payback period with a population of 100 animals. If you start with a few animals, then you can pay off in about six months (maximum - a year), however, the income will be insignificant.
In general, with a competent approach and good organization of the economy, profitability starts from 30 percent.
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