Enterprise social development plan. An example of a social project

The program for ensuring the development of society involves addressing the issue of the coincidence of the main trends and needs of social development with the means and methods for implementing the goals and objectives set. Therefore, the main criterion for the viability and progressiveness of social transformations and the effectiveness of managing social objects are: a) the degree of scientific character and b) the validity of reflecting in practice the interests of the majority (society).

The formation of planning for the development of society dates back to the end of the 18th century. and is associated with representatives of utopian socialism: C. de Rouvroy (Saint-Simon), C. Fourier and R. Owen, who sought to justify a perfect social system on the basis of non-historically understood principles - reason, justice, freedom, equality and fraternity. Among the ideas and conjectures of the utopian socialists, in particular, were: the need to create a large social production; the destruction of the antithesis between town and country, intellectual and physical labor; the obligation of labor as a need and as a pleasure; the demand for the unity of science and industry, scientific planning economy (economy); implementation of the distribution of available resources "according to abilities". Some of their insights are still relevant today.

Already at the beginning of the XIX century. their followers made attempts to implement certain ideas in practice - in the USA and in the UK.

The first mention of the term " social planning" attributed to the 32nd President of the United States F. Roosevelt when he carried out reforms (the so-called new course) in connection with overcoming the consequences of the overproduction crisis of the 1930s.

This phenomenon was further developed in the implementation of various forms and methods of implementation social policy in particular in ensuring social protection of the population.

The theoretical and methodological foundations of social planning were first tested in the early years of Soviet power and the first five-year development plan National economy(1928–1932). This plan contained, in particular, a special section "Socio-economic problems", various social programs(elimination of illiteracy, homelessness in the country), as well as measures to address them. It should be noted that in subsequent plans for the development of the national economy, up to the last five-year plan, such a section was not singled out as an independent component.

Among the domestic scientists who contributed to the development of problems of the theory and practice of social planning, the following can be named: N. A. Aitov, V. G. Aseev, V. I. Gerchikov, V. M. Elmeev, N. I. Lapin, Π. P. Luzan, V. G. Podmarkov, Zh. T. Toshchenko, Yu. L. Neimer, O. I. Shkaratan and etc.

The current rejection of the ideas of socialism has already led to the rejection of centralized planning for the social development of society. The departure from the planned principles of regulation is explained by: the predominance of technocratic tendencies in the development of social production; hypertrophy of the resource distribution system; absolutization of methods of directive planning (command) to the detriment of indirect (regulation); a small "area of ​​freedom" for the development of potential social and personal opportunities; the dependence of social relations on the political and ideological attitudes of the state; the lack of proper correspondence between the economic and social parameters of development (an increase in production volumes acted as a primary factor, meeting the needs of people as a secondary one) and taking into account the human principle in planning and economics.

Essential characteristics

• 1) orientation of planning to goals arising from objective trends in the organization of social development and providing for the satisfaction of current and future needs of people, their coordination among themselves, the development of measures to enhance the creative activity of the person himself and the social institutions of society;
• 2) the use within the framework of social planning of indicators of the effectiveness of achieving the goals set (terms, volumes, levels, rates, proportions, degree of achievement of the planned milestones);
• 3) detailed development and study of means to achieve the set development goals in the form of benefits (restrictions) or the creation of conditions for the rational development of the planning object;
• 4) social planning is a continuous process of cognitive and transformative activity.

Generally social planning defined as scientifically substantiated determination of goals, indicators and tasks for the development of social facilities and the main means of their implementation in the interests of society, social institutions or large industrial associations.

There are the following levels social planning.

Society, for which long-term plans are being developed to address the most significant social problems that determine its viability, integrity and sustainability.

Level individual areas public life (economic, socio-political and spiritual), which provides for solving the problems of improving the conditions and content of labor; vocational training; prestige of the spheres of application of labor; structure of working and free time; satisfaction of material and spiritual needs; participation in political life.

On regional level planning is aimed at solving social problems of the republic, region (territory), other regional entity in terms of: alignment of social development in the territorial context; regulation of migration flows; rational use of labor resources; development of national relations; distribution and consumption of cultural values.

When analyzing the features of planning for economic regions it is necessary to determine the essence and specifics of each social object (phenomenon or process) in a given territory, as well as to clarify their difference from similar objects in other territories.

Manufacturing organization level (work collectives) involves the realization of a person's motivation to creative work, providing conditions for his working and daily life.

Main forms social planning are:

• 1) targeted (direct) planning or development and justification of a system of tasks to achieve a certain level of social development. This concerns rational correlations in the development of social processes that reflect their real state, trends in change, the level of use of science and technology, and people's needs;
• 2) social (indirect) planning, in which the elements of the implementation mechanism are the specific conditions, capabilities and needs of the object itself, as well as its components and variables of an exogenous and endogenous nature, in other words, amenable or not amenable to state and public regulation. Note that a number of social facilities have limited conditions in their development, which implies the need to determine the "area of ​​freedom" in their planning.

An essential point in social planning is also taking into account the interests of the individual, individual social groups, and society as a whole.

The duality of the planning process allows us to consider methods for its implementation as ways: a) implementation of programs and plans (planning as an activity); b) their development (planning as a science). General planning methods are characterized by answers to fundamental questions: what are the objective laws of social development based on possible ways to achieve goals? what are they aimed at? in what organizational forms will be implemented?

The leading method of planning is balance method, or a way of linking the needs of society and its possibilities with limited resources. In modern conditions, methods related to the implementation of market relations when it is necessary to foresee the social consequences of the decisions being made, the ability to coordinate the interests of all participants in social transformation programs.

Requirements normative method are the basis for compiling indicators (standards) of social development at various levels of the organization of society, ensuring its scientific nature.

Essence analytical method consists in the division of social action into its constituent parts and the determination of directions for the implementation of the planned program of action.

essence variants method (variant approximations) is to identify several possible ways to solve social problems and tasks in the presence of the most complete and reliable information.

Complex (program-targeted) method is the development of targeted comprehensive programs, taking into account all the main factors (material, labor and financial and economic), the definition of performers and deadlines.

In the development of the material presented in Chap. 4 (clause 4.2), we will consider the basic methodological concepts that characterize the tools for assessing a particular level of social development.

Social indicators - quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the state, trends and directions of social development, used in planning to assess the compliance of the actual situation with scientifically based requirements. In the most complete form, they are determined and calculated on the basis of statistical data.

To identify the degree of development or perfection of a particular object (phenomenon or process), the following indicators are applicable: a) general, when it is necessary to establish the level of development (lag, advance, correspondence) of the process under study in a particular society and take appropriate measures of influence; b) normative, when it is necessary to determine the compliance of the process under study with scientifically substantiated requirements.

It is usually said that social planning is effective if several groups of indicators are used, in particular:

• indicators that take into account the experience of planning social development in the form of quantitative characteristics and therefore allow designing for the future;
• indicators in the form of qualitative characteristics of individual social phenomena;
• indicators - assessments of the effectiveness of measures taken after the end of the planning period.

It should be noted that the development, justification and application of social indicators are aimed at making scientifically based decisions aimed at increasing the efficiency of social planning and its effectiveness in solving both general and specific problems of social development.

Social norms - scientifically substantiated quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the normative state of a social phenomenon (or one of its sides), obtained on the basis of taking into account the objective laws and possibilities of social development. They are aimed at maximum satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of the individual; have a specific historical character, i.e. reflect the possibilities and needs of social development at this stage and, accordingly, may change in the future.

Social standards are clearly defined quantitatively and qualitatively through a value that characterizes the ideal (desired) goal of the development of the planned process. Therefore, in order to establish the most effective balance of needs and opportunities in social development, the standards are tested first experimentally, and then en masse.

Social standards must be coordinated with each other, as well as differentiated depending on the specific national, natural, socio-demographic characteristics of the region on the basis of various coefficients. In the areas of social development, where the definition of standards is difficult, it is legitimate to introduce the concept of social landmark, by which it is necessary to understand the most possible (rational) magnitude of the development of social processes, based on the prevailing indicators of the development of similar phenomena.

The classification of social norms and guidelines is possible according to:

• spheres of life of the individual (labor, socio-political life, culture, life, interpersonal communication). Here they reflect the availability of material resources per 100,000 people; can be expressed in specific requirements and tasks (for example, standards for architectural and planning solutions or the organization of a rational life of the population); may exist in the form of a norm in the "man - man" system (for example, the number of people in a particular profession per 1000 people of the population or the staffing per 1000 people by type of profession);
• levels of social organization of society (for the country as a whole, territorial entity, sector of the national economy, group of organizations);
• the social structure of society (or by socio-demographic groups);
• stages of development (society, region or individual production).

As specific forms of implementation of social development can be named: social map of the region And social passport of the organization , which state the diversity of social processes and changes at these levels and allow you to constantly analyze and compare planning objects, take adequate measures to solve the problems posed.

The experience of social planning shows that the social composition of the population, the demographic situation, indicators of the labor, socio-political, cultural and family spheres, staffing of social development and its materiel are characterized in a social map or passport.

technical base (in the spheres of public life or independently).

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Plan developmentsocial developmentFor exampleOJSC Vladivostok International Airport

Introduction

1. Theoretical basis social planning

1.1 The essence of the social development of the enterprise

1.2 Structure of social development

1.3 Sociological service as a subject of planning

2. Planning for social development on the example of Vladivostok International Airport OJSC

2.1 Peculiarities of activity of JSC Vladivostok International Airport

2.2 Business analysis

2.3 Evaluation of the social service at the enterprise

3. Development of a social development plan for JSC Vladivostok International Airport

3.1 Activities for the development of the social sphere of Vladivostok International Airport OJSC

Conclusion

List of sources used

Application

Introduction

To date, the search for ways to activate the human factor within the organization and taking into account the socio-psychological characteristics of all members of the workforce is one of the decisive conditions for increasing the efficiency of any organization. More and more employers understand the importance and growing importance of the social component of the organization and the fact that without management that takes into account and implements the social factor as fully as possible, it is impossible to survive and successfully develop in a constantly changing environment. external conditions functioning.

Modern conditions of the activity of organizations dictate the need to build fundamentally new foundations for managing the social development of organizations. At the same time, the main focus should be on the person, as on main element this system. The content of social activities of the enterprise is fixed in collective agreements and tariff agreements, the importance of which should increase: in particular, the forms, systems and amount of wages; establishing allowances for employees; additional payment for work in harmful and difficult working conditions; employment; housing construction; social and cultural services; social benefits for pensioners, families with children; medical service, Physical Culture; personal insurance (in addition to contributions to the state social insurance system); cash subsidies (for the purchase of housing); training and retraining of personnel, etc.

Based on this, there should be social plan enterprises, including the named social programs. Only an integrated approach to solving social problems in conditions of limited financial resources will allow to develop a sustainable trend to improve the living standards of the company's employees.

The state's departure from solving a number of social problems necessitates the activation of entrepreneurial firms in social sphere, expanding and updating their social features. The higher the competitiveness of the market, the more diverse and weighty both the internal and external social policies of entrepreneurial firms should be. The reduction of public services for social security by no means leads to a decrease in the need of citizens for social protection. On the contrary, in the conditions of the growth of social differentiation of modern society, it will increase. Therefore, it is quite natural to expect an increase in the importance of measures taken by enterprises (business) for the social protection of citizens from life difficulties. The task set by the country's leadership makes the increase in the role of entrepreneurial firms in the implementation of social policy even more relevant.

The purpose of the thesis is to explore the planning of the social development of an enterprise on the example of JSC "International Airport of Vladivostok" and to identify ways to improve it.

Work tasks:

To study the essence of the social development of the enterprise

To study the structure and sociological service as a subject of social development planning;

Consider the features of the activities of JSC "International Airport of Vladivostok";

Conduct an analysis of economic activity and investigate social development at the enterprise;

Give an assessment of the social policy of Vladivostok International Airport JSC

Explore the main factors in the development of the social sphere of the enterprise;

The subject of the work is social development at the enterprise. The object of the work is the economic activity of Vladivostok International Airport OJSC.

The practical significance of the thesis research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used as a theoretical and methodological basis for planning social development, which will contribute to the implementation of the principles of corporate social responsibility of business in practice and their transition to sustainable development.

The theoretical basis of the study was textbooks and study guides on the topic of research, articles and materials of specialized journals and the Internet.

social development planning economic

1 . Theoretical foundations of social planning

1.1 The essence of the social development of the enterprise

In all economic systems, the main productive force is the personnel of organizations. Through his work he creates material and spiritual values. The higher the human capital and the potential for its development, the better it works for the benefit of its enterprise. Employees of the enterprise, closely connected with each other in the process of labor activity, not only create New Product perform work and provide services, but also form new social and labor relations. In business market relations, the social and labor sphere becomes the basis of the life of both individual workers and individual professional groups, entire production teams. The combination of personal and production motives for the activities of employees is one of the most important tasks of both social planning and, in general, the entire production management.

The social development plan of a modern enterprise contains such human indicators and factors as increasing the income and quality of life of employees, improving the labor potential and social structure of personnel, improving the social, labor and living conditions of employees, ensuring high performance and labor productivity of performers, motivation and satisfaction needs of all categories of personnel, development of personal and creativity workers and so on.

Planning for the social development of the enterprise team acts as a method of managing social processes in the life of the team.

For the current stage of development of domestic market relations, the following social and labor problems formulated by A. Marshall are especially important in the field of social and labor activity:

What should be done in order to increase the favorable and reduce the harmful effects of economic freedom, bearing in mind its final and intermediate consequences?

To what extent will the desire for a more equal distribution of wealth justify changing forms of ownership or restricting free enterprise, even if they can lead to a reduction in total wealth. In other words, how far should we go in the direction of increasing the income of the poorest classes and reducing the volume of their work, even when they are associated with some reduction in the material wealth of the country? To what extent can this be done without committing injustice and without weakening the energy of the leaders of progress. How should the burden of taxes be distributed among different groups in society?

Should we be content existing forms division of labor? Is it inevitable that a lot of people will be engaged exclusively in non-creative work? Is it possible to gradually instill in the vast masses of workers a new ability for them to fulfill higher labor standards and, in particular, to exercise collective management of the enterprise in which they themselves work?

What is the proper balance between individual and collective action at the stage of civilization in which we now find ourselves? What economic activity should the society itself carry out, acting through its government agencies, federal or local?

When the government itself does not directly intervene in economic activity, to what extent should it allow individuals and corporations to conduct their business as they see fit? To what extent should it regulate the management of monopolies, as well as land and other large resources that man himself cannot increase? Is it obligatory to preserve in full force all existing property rights, or perhaps the original necessity to which they were called has already passed to a certain extent?

Are existing methods use of wealth completely fair? To what extent is the moral pressure of public opinion on the government permissible, when its inflexibility and violent intervention can do more harm than good? In what sense do the duties of one country towards another in economic matters differ from those of the citizens of one country towards each other?

Thus, in market relations, the main socio-economic problems are the fair distribution of general wealth, the regulation of personal income and the formation of the level of wages.

Any wealth, as noted by A. Marshall, consists of things that people want to have and which directly or indirectly satisfy all human needs. Things or goods necessary for people are divided into tangible and intangible.

Wealth consists of useful things, goods, and materials, and all rights to own and use material things, or to benefit from ownership of one's things, both in today's life and in tomorrow's life. Examples of material goods are all natural gifts of nature, land and water, air and climate, products of agriculture and fisheries, goods of extractive and processing industries, buildings, machines and tools, as well as mortgages and other debt obligations, shares and shares in public and private enterprises, all types of monopolies, patent and copyright and other rights to use all types of personal and intellectual property.

Intangible human benefits are divided into two groups. To one are his own qualities and faculties for action and enjoyment, such as mental and business faculties, professional education And practical skills. All these benefits are contained in the person himself and are called internal. The second group includes external benefits, consisting in the presence of a good reputation and business connections of a person, etc. Both tangible and intangible benefits can be transferable and non-transferable. The former usually include material values, and the latter - personal qualities and abilities, as well as business connections, favorable climatic conditions, etc.

As can be seen, material goods, human qualities and climatic conditions that a person has are the most important characteristics of the quality of life of people.

Among other factors that determine the quality of life of the personnel of the enterprise, the most significant is the spiritual (life goals, value orientations, ethical standards and so on), economic (the volume of production of goods and services, the efficiency of resource use, the state of the financial system, and so on), technological ( technical specifications products, level technological equipment), political (free economic activity, safety of life and work, and so on).

In the process of labor activity of personnel, the main socio-economic results can be expressed in the volume, composition and quality of products, goods and services, working conditions, safe work and health of workers (morbidity), attitude to work, wage level, absenteeism and loss of working time, the number of conflicts, complaints, strikes and other financial, economic, social and labor factors and indicators. If an enterprise provides the expected level of such results for all employees or members of labor collectives, then they have a motivated desire to make their personal and group professional contribution at the level of their efforts and overall labor results that they consider acceptable or possible given the given labor, motivational or market relations. The extent to which an enterprise motivatedly determines the functions and duties of an employee at a given wage depends on its perception of the goals of the system and the desire to provide the necessary or possible result. Stimulation of the required level of labor productivity of employees can be achieved in two ways: either by selecting personnel with appropriate internal motivation, for which their internal satisfaction with the results achieved is important, or by external motivation, in which the satisfaction of the desires and needs of a person occurs through a system of stimulation, both material and moral.

The main objective of the social development plan for the team is to develop and implement a system of measures that ensures harmonious and comprehensive improvements in the quality of life of the company's personnel at home and the quality of working conditions.

The development of a social development plan is usually within the competence of the planning and economic department and the sociological service of the enterprise with the involvement of the trade union committee.

Social planning is part of the technical and economic, since in the course of drawing up a social development plan, many technical and economic tasks are solved - increasing labor productivity, organizing the workplace, improving wages, ensuring the quality of work and products, and so on. The qualitative feature of social planning, due to the object itself (comprehensive and harmonious development of the individual and the team), requires additional and specific information and standards: data on the social and age composition of workers, on their needs and inclinations, education, qualifications, relationships in the team. Such information can only be obtained as a result of specific sociological research performed according to special programs and methods. To obtain information in the preparation of social development plans, the following main methods are used:

Direct observation of the team and its activities public organizations, conversations with workers and managers;

The study of service documentation and materials of public organizations that characterize the social structure of workers, the degree of satisfaction of material and cultural needs;

Questionnaire survey and interviewing in order to find out the opinions of employees and their proposals on various issues of the social life of teams; the structure of the questionnaires and the method of data processing are selected according to the recommendations of sociological services;

Analysis and use of the experience of planning the social development of teams at other enterprises, as well as literature data;

A social experiment, the purpose of which is to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the recommendations developed as a result of the analysis of the collected information;

Statistical analysis of mass data.

The plan for the social development of collectives of enterprises, as a rule, is drawn up in the form of a prospective five-year plan with a breakdown of tasks by year of the planned period. The typical structure of the social development plan for the enterprise team includes four sections: changing the socio-demographic structure of the team; advanced training and education of employees; main measures to improve working conditions and labor protection, improve the health of workers; improvement of socio-cultural and living conditions of workers and members of their families.

In order to ensure the fulfillment of tasks for all points of the plan, specific tasks, deadlines and persons responsible for implementation are established; necessary funds are allocated; the team is mobilized to carry out the planned activities and work; control over the implementation of the tasks of the plan is introduced. The activities of this plan are included in the operational calendar plans of the relevant production units and departments, which are responsible for their implementation along with production plans.

All measures of the plan for the social development of the collective are consistent with other sections and, first of all, with the plan for labor, the plan for the technical and organizational development of production, and the financial plan.

The sources of funding for social development plan activities are varied, but must be precisely defined. Depending on the nature of the measures, they can be financed from the fund allocated for reconstruction, funds for the development of new equipment, development of production, as well as from bank loans, from part of the depreciation deductions going to overhaul.

Thus, the planning of the social development of the enterprise team acts as a method of managing social processes in the life of the team. It should be noted that social planning involves a comprehensive solution of problems and participation in the process of implementing the plan not only by the current team of the organization, but also by family members of employees; pensioners who have retired from this organization; young employees serving in the army; women on maternity or parental leave. Employees of the enterprise, closely connected with each other in the process of labor activity, not only create a new product, perform work and provide services, but also form new social and labor relations. In business market relations, the social and labor sphere becomes the basis of the life of both individual workers and individual professional groups, entire production teams.

1.2 Structure of social development

An important means of consciously influencing social processes in order to optimize them is social planning - a system of methods for systematic management of the development of the workforce of an enterprise as a social community, targeted regulation of social processes and the development of social and labor relations at the enterprise level. The purpose of social development planning is to increase the efficiency of the enterprise through social factors, create conditions for better meeting the needs of employees and for the development of members of the workforce, reducing differences between them in terms of conditions and content of work, the level of educational and professional training.

The social development plan is a set of evidence-based activities, tasks, indicators for the entire range of social problems, the implementation of which contributes to the most efficient functioning of the enterprise's workforce. The structure of the plan for the social development of the labor collective includes four sections (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Structure of the social development plan

To develop a plan for social development at the enterprise, it is necessary to create a social development service, consisting of highly qualified specialists - economists, sociologists, psychologists. Their task is to regularly conduct sociological research in order to develop and implement measures aimed at creating more favorable socio-psychological conditions that increase the degree of satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of workers, as well as an increase in labor productivity and production efficiency. Work on the social development plan is carried out in several stages (Figure 2).

Figure 2 - Stages of developing a social development plan

For planning and managing social development, it becomes necessary to quantify it, for which you can use the system of criteria and indicators shown in Figure 3.

The analysis of quantitative indicators of social development makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the social development plan. Efficiency can be economic - increasing labor productivity, improving product quality, reducing its cost, increasing the profitability of production - and social - improving the social structure of the labor collective, raising the social status and cultural level of its members, rational use of free time, increasing the well-being of team members.

Figure 3 - Indicators of social development of the labor collective

Thus, the goal of social development planning is to increase the efficiency of the enterprise through social factors, create conditions for better meeting the needs of employees and for the development of members of the workforce, reducing differences between them in terms of conditions and content of work, the level of educational and professional training. The social development plan is a set of evidence-based activities, tasks, indicators for the entire range of social problems, the implementation of which contributes to the most efficient functioning of the enterprise's workforce. Structure of the social development plan

1.3 Sociological service as a subject of planning

The management of the social development of an organization is a specific type of management and, at the same time, an integral part of personnel management, has its own area of ​​manifestation and its own object of managerial influence. Social management provides for the creation of favorable working and leisure conditions for employees of the organization, remuneration and social protection personnel, maintaining an optimal moral and psychological atmosphere in the team, ensuring social partnership and business cooperation. To him, attach the appropriate forms and methods, techniques, methods and rules that allow solving social problems on the basis of a predominantly scientific approach to regulating social processes in an organization.

The subject of social management - management units and a circle of officials, designed to deal with the issues of social development of the organization and social services for its personnel, endowed with appropriate powers and bearing certain responsibility for solving social problems. The presence of a social service in an organization is all the more necessary because the changes in society, caused by the acceleration of scientific, technical and social progress, lead to an increase in the role of the human factor in labor activity and the importance of the personal qualities of workers, and increase the need for social partnership.

Virtually every major enterprise foreign countries, especially those that follow the social orientation of the national economy, the management of social processes separately and specialized. There are managerial units that work with personnel (human resources), regulate social and labor relations and relations with trade unions, provide social services to staff, and spend funds for charitable purposes.

IN Russian Federation Until recently, in most enterprises, along with the indispensable departments of personnel, labor and wages, there were management services that dealt with issues of safety, medical and sanitary services, housing and communal services, work supplies, the provision of household services for organizing competitions, etc. With the implementation of measures aimed at the transition from planned, over-centralized management to a socially oriented market economy, the purpose, formation and practical activities of these and other social services have changed markedly.

In the new conditions, the functioning of such services is determined, on the one hand, by the form of ownership, scale, industry affiliation and location of the organization, and on the other hand, by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its personnel, the increased responsibility of entrepreneurs and managers of any level for the more complicated decision as production and economic, as well as social tasks. The definition of social services must now take into account the socio-economic consequences of the privatization of former state property; changes of a fundamental nature in the remuneration system, dictated by the establishment of market relations by the commercialization of the provision of an increasing range of social services; reforming various types of social insurance and social assistance; the withering away of a number of former social functions of the trade unions. We have to take into account the fact that the real concern for the social sphere is increasingly being shifted to non-state, primarily municipal, bodies and organizations themselves. Depending on the specific situation, social development management is carried out either by the directorate of the organization itself, or by specially authorized persons, or by autonomous units that are elements of the personnel management structure, social services. A typical variant of the organized structure provides for the position of a deputy director for personnel with subordination of subdivisions (departments, sectors or groups) and individual specialists in charge, in particular, of the regulation of labor relations, safety and labor protection, work motivation, social protection, functioning of social infrastructure facilities.

If an organization has an extensive network of its own social infrastructure, it is usually managed separately. In this case, a variant of the structure is possible, providing for the position of deputy director for social and domestic issues, giving him subordinate management and officials in charge of housing and communal services, institutions of medical and preventive profile, education and culture, public catering and consumer services, and others. social facilities.

The tasks performed by the social service of the organization have their own characteristics, due to the ambiguity of the object of management and the nature of emerging social problems, the originality of methods for achieving social goals, the need for strict compliance with the requirements of social labor law and ensuring close cooperation of all parties interested in social partnership. In Russian conditions, it is also necessary to take into account the current state of the domestic economy and social sphere, in which organizations and their personnel continue to experience the negative consequences of the recent significant decline in production and hyperinflation, and managers face serious obstacles, objective and subjective, in their efforts to increase wages and improve working conditions. and everyday life, to increase the interest of workers in new forms of management.

Since the social service, as a subject of management, deals exclusively with people, its primary task is to focus on the person, its intellectual and moral potential, culture of communication and interaction of employees. Providing the desired changes in the social environment of the organization, social service specialists are forced not only to overcome economic and technical difficulties, but also mainly deal with socio-psychological, spiritual and moral problems related to people's attitudes to nature, scientific and technological achievements, labor and, of course, to each other.

The head of an organization, a professional manager, needs to have the necessary minimum of humanitarian and ethical knowledge, psychological and pedagogical tact, and the ability to choose the manner of behavior appropriate to the circumstances. To a certain extent, he should act as an educator who takes into account the psychological characteristics of individuals and social groups, and when choosing options for solving social issues, consult with those whose interests this problem affects.

Social service specialists are required to be extremely attentive to a person, to take maximum care of each employee of the organization, satisfying his requests, respecting rights and dignity. They are called upon, using the means at their disposal, to stimulate the interest of employees in business and highly productive work, to develop social activity, the desire of employees to effectively implement their knowledge, experience and skills. It is important to raise people's awareness of the importance of discipline, creative initiative and independence, individual and collective responsibility for the results of joint work.

Involvement in the management of social processes is associated with concern for improving the working and living conditions of people, with sincere responsiveness to the requests of employees for assistance in solving everyday problems, no matter how small they may seem, with a willingness to provide the necessary assistance. At the same time, discretion is needed in granting any privileges. Indulgences often divide the team, lead to conflict situations, confrontation. Of course, blind leveling is also contraindicated.

The most important task of managing social development is the use of various types of social, humanitarian technologies as a set of means for streamlining, reproducing and updating the social environment of an organization, as a kind of algorithm for obtaining the desired results in this matter. Such technologies, based on knowledge about a person, about the content and forms of social ties, are used in management activities with the aim of humanizing labor, creating conditions conducive to joint work, free and comprehensive development of the individual.

Humanitarian technologies in work with personnel are usually designed to give scope for the manifestation of individual and personal qualities of employees, optimize interpersonal relationships and the moral and psychological atmosphere in the team, stimulate professional growth, creative initiative and business partnerships. This takes into account the real possibilities of the organization, the sectoral specifics of its functioning, the socio-demographic characteristics of the city or district where it is located.

An indispensable component and, therefore, the task of modern, based on a scientific approach, the management of social development is the observance of social norms - established by society, the state, a separate organization of rules, techniques, patterns of behavior, principles of activity that correspond to generally accepted values ​​and moral ideals. They allow in a verified and accessible form to express both the main goals of changes in the social environment and the requirements that apply to staff.

In the literal sense, the concept of "norm" means the guiding principle, the rule. Therefore, the norm, the standard is a certain standard, which must be equaled and by which certain events, objects, processes must be evaluated.

Social norms are a quantitative, and in most cases, a qualitative characteristic of the requirements for the living conditions of a person, social groups. These include both legal norms enshrined in the laws of the country, as well as moral and ethical guidelines, regulated values ​​of social indicators.

The norms of the social sphere, as well as other areas of society, are formed as a result of practical activities people and social experience, scientific research, expert opinions of authoritative specialists. They find expression in legislative acts, government decrees, industry instructions, regulations of regional governments, orders of local administration and other regulatory documents. Mandatory standards require strict implementation, and norms that are advisory in nature serve as a methodological guide in solving social problems.

In particular, Russian standards from the field of social and labor relations establish the duration working week and the duration of the leave; the level of physical and intellectual requirements for representatives of certain professions; ergonomic and sanitary and hygienic working conditions; minimum dimensions wages, pensions and scholarships, compensation payments and benefits; limits of rational consumption of food products, non-food products and services; average indicators of provision with housing, amenities, healthcare, education, culture, etc.

The program of social reforms currently being carried out in the Russian Federation considers the formation of a system of state minimum social standards to be one of the most important measures to stabilize and improve the living standards of the population. Some of them have already been installed - as already mentioned, the federal standard for the social norm of housing area is determined on the basis of 18 square meters. m total area housing for one member of a family consisting of three people or more, 42 sq. m - for a family of two and 33 sq. m - for citizens living alone. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation establish regional standards, guided by federal ones.

Another federal standard is the cost of providing housing utilities for I sq. m of total housing area - calculated based on standard set services for the maintenance and repair of housing, including capital repairs, heat supply, sewerage, gas supply and electricity supply, taking into account the average prevailing consumption rates. The federal standard for the level of citizens' payments in relation to the level of costs for the maintenance and repair of housing, as well as utilities, fixes both the share of household payments in covering the costs of all types of housing and communal services, and the maximum allowable share own expenses citizens to pay for housing and utilities in the total family income. The ultimate goal of the reform is the full payment of housing and communal services by the population with the payment of subsidies to those families whose housing costs exceed 25% of their family income (in this case, of course, social norms for housing space and utility consumption standards are taken into account).

A kind of social standard is the indicator of the subsistence minimum. This value per capita and for the main socio-demographic groups should be determined quarterly on the basis of the consumer basket and data from the State Statistics Committee on the level of consumer prices for food, non-food products and services, as well as expenditures on mandatory payments and fees.

The social service of the organization is obliged to ensure the full implementation of social and labor legislation . This refers to the strict observance of the rules of law governing social and labor relations in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Constitution and other laws of the country.

The tasks of the social service of the organization include the development and implementation of activities that ensure social partnership -- mutually interested cooperation between employers and employees in solving social problems. The partners are, on the one hand, entrepreneurs and their associations, and on the other, labor collectives and trade unions. Such cooperation, as the experience of many countries shows, is carried out constantly, on a bilateral basis, mainly in the form of collective bargaining at the level of individual enterprises and sectors of the economy, the conclusion of collective agreements and agreements.

It is equally important for the social service to achieve interaction and coordination of its activities with sectoral and regional structures for managing the social sphere, which represent public authorities and local government. Under certain conditions, especially when social tensions in a country or region are aggravated, they join the permanent participants in social partnership in order to combine efforts at the level of multilateral cooperation in settling disagreements on issues of wages, incomes, social minimum, protection of the rights and freedoms of working citizens, to prevent through mutual understanding in the negotiations, the emergence of social and labor conflicts and bringing them to the extreme point - strikes.

Obviously, social partnership as an effective mechanism for regulating relations at all levels will be further developed. It should be based on the principles of voluntariness, equality and mutual responsibility of the parties, serve essential tool maintaining cooperation and improving its forms.

At the level of enterprises, as noted, the parties to social partnership are the employer (employers) and the labor collective, whose powers, according to Russian legislation carried out general meeting(conference) and its elected body - the council of the labor collective. The labor collective realizes the right of employees to participate in the management of an enterprise (organization), to make proposals for improving its work, as well as for socio-cultural and consumer services. He considers and resolves issues of concluding a collective agreement with the administration, self-government of the labor collective, and other issues in accordance with the collective agreement.

Participants in the negotiation process to regulate social and labor relations may be representatives of employers' associations - voluntary associations or unions of both individual citizens and legal entities involved in entrepreneurial activity. Such associations are created to coordinate commercial activities, represent entrepreneurs, protect their common property and other interests.

The role of trade unions in establishing and implementing social partnerships is great.

The functions and the management process itself constitute the content of a targeted impact on people engaged in joint activities, on their social ties and relationships. This refers not only to the functions of the social service, but also the specific forms, methods and incentives that are used to streamline and increase the effectiveness of jointly undertaken efforts. Being an indispensable link in the personnel management system, the social service has its own range of tasks and responsibilities, defined as general requirements to the management of social processes, and the characteristics of the social environment of a given organization.

The functions of the social service include all known management elements: thoughtful planning based on predictive foresight, regulating and coordinating management, incentive motivation, corrective control and informing about the state of the social environment. The proper effect of social development can be obtained only when the social service performs all these functions. Let's consider them in more detail.

Social forecasting and planning - the most important tool for managing social development. It involves a deep and versatile analysis of the state of the social environment of the organization; meaningful diagnostics, clarification and explanation of the relationships that develop between its individual parts; foresight of which option for solving an urgent social problem will be the most effective. This requires reliable sources of information, which, in particular, include statistical data characterizing the material base and other components of the social environment of the organization; data from the study of social and sanitary and hygienic conditions of work and rest, compliance with safety regulations for work, as well as public opinion and prevailing moods in the team; determination with the help of sociometric methods and socioprograms of a more or less complete picture of the existing social ties and relationships of employees, their expectations and preferences in comparison with the real capabilities of the organization.

Only on the basis of accurate knowledge of the specific circumstances and the general situation, both in the organization itself and in the region, industry and country as a whole, it is possible to assess the state of affairs in the social environment, see the prospect of changes in it, and choose adequate methods for achieving change. The forecast must be subjected to practical confirmation before becoming a guideline in the development of targeted programs, planning, design and other management decisions proposed by the social service.

Planning, being a kind of rational-constructive activity, means both setting goals and choosing means and ways to achieve them. It will provide an opportunity to act on social processes in the organization with greater expediency and efficiency.

Examples of a systematic approach can be found in the practice of many countries - these are targeted programs to improve the quality of working life, which since the mid-70s. found distribution at the enterprises of the USA and a number of other states; relating to the 70-80s. plans for social development at enterprises former USSR; nationwide plans for socio-economic development in Japan, which since the mid-50s. large firms, corporations of this country are guided by the choice of priorities in the management and social sphere.

IN modern Russia the strategic direction of forecasting and planning the social development of enterprises and other commercial organizations is determined by the Constitution of the country, which characterizes the Russian Federation as a social state striving to create conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of its citizens, guaranteeing their rights and freedoms. The ongoing reforms to liberalize the economy, establish market relations, and streamline the social sphere are subordinated to this common goal. At the same time, social forecasting and planning is hampered by a protracted decline in production and a sharp decline in investment, a decline in the standard of living of a significant part of the population, as well as the slow progress of socio-economic transformations at the enterprise level.

Obstacles to the effective functioning of enterprises in the establishment of market regulation are primarily due to financial costs resulting from the recent hyperinflation, the ill-conceived large-scale privatization of the former "national" property, gaps in legislation, burdensome for enterprises to maintain social and cultural facilities and housing in a market economy. public utilities, a relatively low level of managerial skills. The process of a reasoned choice of social goals and means of achieving them, as well as public control over the implementation of the planned measures, is hindered by the lack of reliable information about the actual capabilities of an organization.

Organizational-administrative and coordinating functions. They provide for material, financial, and personnel support for the implementation of targeted programs and plans for social development. development of the organization, the use of appropriate social technologies, as well as interaction with related management structures, trade unions and other public associations, state authorities and local governments involved in the social sphere. It is necessary to prepare draft decisions, orders, regulations, instructions, recommendations and other documents on social issues, of course, corresponding to the requirements of the current social and labor legislation, established social standards, federal and regional standards.

The main thing in the performance of these functions is personnel, business and ethical training of employees involved in solving social problems: they must have a high degree of competence that combines general and professional knowledge with a desire to take into account the realities of life.

The development and implementation of the notorious programs to improve the quality of working life at US enterprises were accompanied by the involvement of research and development specialists in this activity. training centers, popularization of the experience of successful companies, the inclusion of new sections on the management of social processes in textbooks on the basics of management. These events were actively supported by the administrations of a number of states and many municipalities.

Previously, with the widespread dissemination of social development plans, the training of employees of the social services of enterprises and the improvement of their qualifications were also not ignored. In addition to standard methods of social planning, specially designed training programs were offered, seminars were held, and short courses were organized. The students were introduced to the scientific foundations of the increasing role of the human factor in social production, the possibilities of applying the achievements of sociological and psychological sciences to the management of social processes in labor collectives, the content of the social policy of the state of that time, and the experience of organizing the work of social services directly at the best enterprises.

When implementing the administrative functions of the social service, it must be taken into account that the definition of goals and objectives, principles, directions and mechanisms for the social development of any economic organization significantly depends on the organizational and legal form of the enterprise, which limits the degree of state influence that regulates the impact on commercial organizations. This circumstance, characteristic of the new economic conditions, makes intolerable lack of initiative and a low level of responsibility of enterprise managers, including in solving social problems.

Incentive stimulation involves involvement in active work on the implementation of social programs and plans, ensuring high efficiency of the solidarity efforts of employees, encouraging those who take the initiative and set a good example for others, implementing the role of the council of the labor collective and other representative bodies of employees in the changed conditions. The administration of the enterprise (organization), the social service are obliged to create appropriate conditions for the activities of trade unions, to use their support in solving common problems and issues, one way or another related to the improvement of working and living conditions, social services for workers.

It is very important to take into account that the system of labor motivation in general and social motivation in particular, it is an indispensable part of the set of conditions that ensure efficient operation of all personnel and the development of each individual individually. It is necessary to reckon with the mechanism of human activity, which is a chain of needs, interests, motives, actions and goals, achieving one or another degree of satisfaction of needs, the impact of the achieved result on the socio-economic environment. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the human psyche: people usually overestimate their needs, most often they tend to desire not less, but more.

Social programs, as a rule, are carried out in the order of planned work, according to established schedule. However, sometimes relevant events are held on the initiative of the collective, on an amateur basis - for example, subbotniks for the improvement of the territory of enterprises, residential microdistricts and suburban recreation areas. Participation in such works, being a manifestation of the initiative and enthusiasm of people, serves as an effective incentive for their social activity.

Constant monitoring of the implementation of planned activities and informing the team about changes in the social environment is interconnected with obtaining, analyzing and summarizing various information about the social environment of the organization, the changes that occur in it, correlating them with the implementation of the approved plan and targeted social programs. The social service must have a system of coordinates for the life of the enterprise with indicators of its social development, i.e. something like a “social passport” (by analogy with a technical and economic passport) as an orientation tool in solving social problems.

Control is unthinkable without an examination of the working and living conditions of employees, their compliance with the legislation in force in the Russian Federation, social standards and state minimum standards. And this, in turn, involves turning to monitoring (observation, evaluation, forecasting) of social processes, which allows you to identify and prevent negative trends, as well as to social audit - a specific form of revision of the conditions of the social environment of a given organization in order to identify social risk factors and developing proposals to reduce their negative impact.

It is equally important to ensure that staff are kept up to date on the state of the social environment, the improvements made in it, as well as problems that remain unresolved. Full-fledged information support of social development requires the study of public opinion and the mood of workers, the identification of issues that cause increased attention and the greatest interest.

Evaluation of the results of the implementation of social measures, summing up what has been done in terms of the improvements achieved in the social environment, and determining their economic and social effectiveness deserve a special approach. A number of fundamentally important provisions must be kept in mind here.

It is obvious that the effectiveness of the development of the social environment can be legitimately considered as a certain proportion of the overall effectiveness of the organization, as part of the total effect of the work of the staff. It follows that the final results of the organization's activities, characterizing its economic growth, production and sale of products, profit, etc., may well serve as significant indicators of the effectiveness of social measures.

If the overall efficiency is determined based on the goals set as a mathematical correspondence (function) of the results achieved to the funds spent on this, then the effectiveness of social development is nothing more than the ratio between the impact of the social sphere on personnel and the material, financial and other costs of introducing new social technologies, implementation of social activities. Usually, indicators of both economic and social efficiency are singled out.

Economic efficiency means achieving measurable change for the better in the social environment of an organization at the lowest possible cost. It can be qualitatively defined and quantified, it can be expressed by statistical data and corresponding indices characterizing, in particular, the growth of labor productivity, improving the quality of goods produced and services provided, increasing profits, staff turnover, the level of discipline, etc. The results of economic activity are indicators of the social effect, compliance with the social goals of this organization and society as a whole. Social efficiency changes in the social environment of the organization, its definition is based mainly on the recognition of the priority of social goals: the more this or that event contributes to the solution of specific social problems, the more socially effective this action is. The measure of the social effect is not always possible to express in numbers - more often, qualitative indicators are used, recorded in official documents, the results of polls, questionnaires and other social studies. They determine the scale and useful impact of changes in the social environment of a given organization, including the implementation of targeted social programs, advanced training and professional competence of employees, the moral and psychological atmosphere in the team, the degree of satisfaction with work, its material and moral remuneration, the level of development of social partnership.

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Introduction

Chapter 1. The concept and essence of social planning

Chapter 2. Social planning at the national level

Chapter 3. Social planning at the regional level

Chapter 4. Social planning in enterprises

Conclusion

List of literature sources

Introduction

At the present stage of its development, Russia continues to face various social problems. These include unemployment, the spread of alcoholism and drug addiction, uncontrolled migration and other consequences of social and economic reforms.

As the main subject of governance, the Russian state must decide actual problems social sphere. It implements its functions through the authorities. One such function is social planning.

Social planning can be attributed to the four main functions of government, which also include organization, motivation and control.

Taken together, they make it possible to purposefully and systematically manage the social sphere, systematically, taking into account the prospects, apply various methods and current regulation tools.

Social planning is the main socio-economic basis of a normal budget process, allows you to more accurately determine the role of the budget in the social development of the country and region, specific sources of budget revenues and directions of budget expenditures for all items budget classifications which determines the relevance of our work.

For the implementation of social planning, certain conditions must be present. First, the system of state regional government should be able not only to develop plans, but also to ensure their implementation. Secondly, a modern information base is needed. All this is present in the Russian Federation.

But now it is necessary to take a closer look at social planning in order to confirm this belonging to the functions of public authorities.

Chapter 1. The concept and essence of social planning

Each state, taking care of the prospects of its population, constantly plans and implements various programs of social development. It is important in this process that the means and methods used in the social development of society correspond to its needs and requirements. In this regard, there is a need for scientific validity, a system of criteria for social needs in a state or a particular region. All social transformations must be tested for effectiveness and expediency. Social planning can provide this justification.

Social planning is a form of regulation of social processes in society related to the life of the population. The main task of social planning is to optimize the processes of economic and social development, to increase socio-economic efficiency.

The object of social planning is social relations at all levels, including social differentiation, social structure; the quality and standard of living of the population, including the level of real incomes in general and by social groups; quality and level of consumption; availability of housing, its comfort; security of the population the most important types goods and services; development of education, healthcare, culture; determination of the volume of these services provided to the population on a paid and free basis, etc.

Social planning since the mid-1950s. 20th century was an essential element of indicative planning in developed countries market economy and since the late 70s and early 80s. in connection with the transition of these countries from indicative planning to program-target methods of regulation, social planning has become an important component of strategic national programs. An example is the five-year plan for the development of France, the five-year plan for the development of Japan, which in essence are the general concept of the socio-economic development of the country.

A great deal of experience in social planning was accumulated in the USSR, but in those conditions planning was of a directive nature.

Social planning has a multilevel character: national, regional, enterprise (firm) level.

Social planning focuses on the technical process of solving social problems. The basis of this model, which relies on programmatic development, is a rational, carefully planned and controlled process of change, designed to provide services to members of a society or a specific territorial body.

Since planning is both a science and an activity, the method must be understood not only as a way of carrying out, but also as a way of developing programs or tasks.

General methods of planning are characterized by what objective laws of the development of society the possible ways of achieving goals are based on, what they are aimed at and in what organizational forms they are embodied.

For a long time, the leading planning method was the balance one, which arose as a way to ensure links between the needs of society and its capabilities with limited resources. At present, methods related to the existence of market relations come to the fore, when it is especially important to see social consequences decisions made, be able to coordinate the interests of all participants in the transformations, providing them favorable conditions for creative activity.

The scientific nature of social planning largely depends on the use of the normative method. Its requirements serve as the basis for compiling indicators of social development at various levels of the social organization of society. It is the standards that make it possible to carry out calculations and substantiate reality. planned assignments, to determine guidelines for the development of many social processes.

The analytical method combines analysis and generalization. Its essence boils down to the fact that in the course of planning social progress is divided into its component parts and on this basis the directions for the implementation of the planned program are determined.

The method of options is becoming increasingly important, the essence of which is to determine several possible ways to solve social problems in the presence of the most complete and reliable information. Its variation is the method of variant approximations: first, on the basis of the available initial data, a possible path is determined in the order of the first approximation, and then successive refinements are made. The application of this method is associated with the search the best option solutions to a particular social problem, with the right choice priorities.

An integrated method is the development of a program taking into account all the main factors: material, financial and labor resources, performers, deadlines. Its application presupposes compliance with the following requirements: determination of the pace and proportions of the development of the social process, its statistical and dynamic model, and the development of the main indicators of the plan.

In social planning, the problem-target method, which is usually associated with the solution of key urgent tasks of social development, regardless of their departmental affiliation, has been increasingly used.

The social experiment, during which the mechanism of the action of objective laws and the features of their manifestation on the basis of one or several social institutions, has been widely recognized. The conclusions obtained help to correct the course of development of the planned process, to check in practice the predicted provisions and conclusions.

An important place in social planning is occupied by economic and mathematical methods. Such a name in a certain form is conditional. In fact we are talking about quantitative analysis when using the planning methods already listed above. Mathematical methods do not cancel social analysis, but rely on it and, in turn, influence its further improvement.

Currently, quantitative analysis relies on methods such as linear programming, modeling, multivariate analysis, game theory, etc. But all these formal-logical quantitative procedures play the role of a specific tool necessary for solving various problems.

In the theory and methodology of planning, it is important to be able to apply quantitative characteristics. After all, formal logic (and mathematics, respectively) is a means of obtaining new knowledge. But the practical implementation of this knowledge requires not only truth in the mathematical sense, but also the correct interpretation of the results. Only on the basis of the integrated use of these planning methods with the help of quantitative analysis is it possible to develop an optimal solution. Quantitative analysis must always be compared with common sense, so that there is no absolutization of quantitative characteristics. Thus, quantitative analysis and economic and mathematical tools play an important, but not self-sufficient role in planning. They need constant development and improvement, constant correlation of their results with the social goals of society.

As we know, the essence of the state is manifested in its functions, which are the main activities of the state. The functions of the authorities are divided into internal (economic and organizational, cultural and educational, regulation of measures of production and consumption, protection of all forms of ownership, law and order, nature and the environment, the fight against crime, protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, etc.) and external (fight for peace and peaceful coexistence, commonwealth with other countries, defense of the motherland, sovereignty and independence of the state, participation of the state in international humanitarian, cultural relations, etc.).

Social planning can be classified as internal functions, since it simultaneously contributes to the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, and also forms an economic and organizational system at all levels.

Social planning has its own objects and subjects.

The subject of social design (i.e., those who carry out the design) are various carriers of managerial activity, both individuals and organizations, labor collectives, social institutions, etc., which aim at an organized, purposeful transformation of social reality. A necessary feature of the design subject is his social activity, direct participation in the design process.

The main subject of social management is the state. Thus, social planning is one of the administrative functions of the state.

The object of social design (i.e. where or on whom the design process is carried out) is called systems, processes of organizing social ties, interactions included in the design activity, exposed to the influence of design subjects and serving as the basis for this impact. These can be objects of a very different nature:

1) a person as a social individual and the subject of the historical process and social relations with his needs, interests, value orientations, attitudes, social status, prestige, roles in the system of relations;

2) various elements and subsystems of the social structure of society (labor collectives, regions, social groups, etc.);

3) a variety of social relations (political, ideological, managerial, aesthetic, moral, domestic, interpersonal, etc.).

In a broad sense, the objects and subjects of social planning are the totality of the people of society, which is not a homogeneous mass. This is a set of social communities, large social groups and classes, representing the entire palette of the socio-stratification structure.

Another important proof that social planning is a significant function of the authorities is that it is inherent in the complexity that is achieved only at the level of the power structures. This will require the combined efforts of both specialists of management entities and representatives of science (from sociologists and economists, lawyers, political scientists, etc.). The state represented by legislative and executive authorities can coordinate the actions of all social planning entities.

Chapter 2. Social planning at the national level

Legislative authorities, exercising their functions, adopted a number of laws regulating social planning: for example, The federal law o “On Minimum State Social Standards” dated June 11, 2003, “National Standard of the Russian Federation Social Services for the Population Basic Types of Social Services” GOSSTANDARD RUSSIA Moscow GOST R 52143-2003.

On the basis of the current legislation, federal programs of social development are being developed through social planning.

The forms of social planning are also chosen at the national level. Specific, or, as they say now, such planning includes the formulation of a number of tasks, the execution of which is delegated to various state and public institutions.

Social planning, in its essence, is called upon to determine the optimal timing for solving these problems. And, of course, the more complex the problem, the more time it will take to achieve the goal. This time will be spent on the theoretical substantiation of the goals of planning and on the implementation of the necessary measures to improve the social situation. The general term of social planning cannot be set initially, it is chosen taking into account a combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria. Targeted planning, although it has a number of advantages, is associated with some negative factors, including the frequent use of command methods, combined with ignoring evidence-based areas of social development.

If the planning of social processes proceeds by resorting to indirect levers, then specific opportunities and needs are analyzed in detail. During the next stage, those elements that are not subject to social regulation by the state or society are sought out. They need to be quantified and their development options predicted. Then find possible ways to neutralize their negative impact on the social sphere and the consequences that have already been revealed under their influence.

Example practical application social planning can be cited as an example of improving the system for providing social services. The system of social services that exists in Russia today is ineffective and extremely fragmented. Since, social services are provided by institutions subordinate to a number of different ministries. They are financed from the budgets of different levels, and the financing schemes differ significantly depending on the system of which budgetary funds manager this or that institution belongs to.

Virtually no one is seriously involved in assessing what kind of social services are needed in a particular region and in what quantity, but such an assessment is necessary.

To do this, you can apply a system of targeted, specific planning. Tasks are set upon reaching a certain level of social services. Based on the assigned tasks, working groups are created at the ministries. A program for the provision of mini-grants is being developed and implemented, designed to create and put into practice innovative, social services for specific institutions providing social services. The developed program is transferred to regional social planning bodies: local self-government bodies and others.

Chapter 3. Social planning at the regional level

Social planning at the level of the territorial community is aimed at analyzing social conditions, setting goals and evaluating the activities of existing services in order to improve them and develop new institutions.

Social planning, together with local development and social action, is considered one of the three key models social work in local self-government bodies, aimed at balancing the living conditions of vulnerable groups of the population and achieving social stability.

The strategy of action within the framework of social planning proceeds from the fact that it is necessary to find facts that indicate the relevance of a particular problem for the population, and logically come to possible alternatives for solving these problems (defining appropriate services, programs and activities). The model of social planning provides for: involving the public in identifying needs and ways to solve them, in many cases - in the implementation of activities. It also includes an assessment of the needs of the population of the region; assessment of the resources and capabilities of local authorities in general, existing social services and organizations; development of plans that meet the key principles of organizing the provision of services in the territorial unit and which are supported by the local government itself; social contracting (social arrangement) aimed at attracting public and private organizations to provide services for budget resources(in many cases), the client's right to choose a social service.

All stages of work on social planning are coordinated by local authorities, which also implement their functions. For example, I involve non-governmental organizations in social planning, I implement the function of interaction with public associations.

Planning and initiating social programs in the regions also provides for determining the content of changes. Key elements of this process include: establishing an initiative planning committee, electing a local coordinator or facilitator; choice organizational structure that can ensure community participation: an advisory committee or oversight board, a working group or coalition, a lead agency or organization, an informal network, etc. As well as the search, selection and attraction of members for the organizational structure that will implement programs in the region; definition of the purpose and objectives of the program, distribution of roles and responsibilities, provision of training.

Social planning at the regional level lies in the fact that the territorial bodies get the opportunity to independently choose a method for determining a social problem, which the local authorities should work on. To do this, various methods of involving the public in the discussion of development plans can be used. locality, namely:

In-depth interviews of key individuals to identify specific issues to be worked on and build the basis for further consensus, establishment of a steering committee;

Selective and / or continuous surveys about attitudes towards a particular problem, which makes it possible to highlight the main problems and possible ways to solve them;

The next stage of social planning is the development of plans (local social programs that take into account both the needs and resources of the region, the general vision of members of the municipality of certain social problems, the vision of local officials). Often local programs are a regional organization of federal social programs developed in the process of nationwide social planning.

Social planning at the local level is classified according to the changes that it brings to the life of the population of the region when implementing social programs:

Passive planning (social programs being developed are aimed at maintaining the status quo, preventing possible or expected changes);

Reactive planning (social programs being developed should meet the identified social needs in the region);

Proactive, anticipatory planning (social programs are aimed at preventing social difficulties in the future);

Active planning (the purpose of the programs is to achieve in the future social justice, the focus on a significant change in the system).

At the same time, these plans should reflect certain principles for the provision of social services at the local level, subject to local legislative framework that governs social standards.

Important principles include:

1. Refusal of the biological and observance of the holistic approach (English whole - whole, holistic), i.e. such an approach that provides for treating users of social services not as pathological subjects, but, first of all, as individuals. According to this attitude, the provision of services should take place with the most complete consideration of all the needs of the individual.

2. Continuity of guardianship. This principle is to ensure

support of service users at all stages of their life, i.e. organizing schemes and programs according to the needs of people in each age group. The curator of one social service transfers the client at a certain stage to the curator of another organization.

2. De-institutionalization - narrowing the sphere of influence of social institutions.

3. Normalization (“social vaporization”) and integration into society. Based on the opinion that staying in closed institutions is undesirable for people with any type of pathology; almost all persons, even those with persistent disabilities, can and should have the most normal and fulfilling life in society.

Social planning at the local level makes it possible to implement the economic functions of the authorities. Since it provides an opportunity for members of the municipality to receive services in different organizations(diversification of social services), i.e. involvement in the implementation of local social programs of various representatives of social services, while saving budget funds.

In many European countries, there is a so-called "contract" system of relations between the state and government organizations. This means that among those organizations that are licensed by the local government, certain categories of the population can be entrusted with social service. In Russia, spending on social programs has increased in recent years, which confirms the presence of state management in the country. If in the USA the state management is a constantly modified function of the state, based on the federal budget, the federal contract system (FCS) and the federal tax system, then in Russia the state management should also be based on such mechanisms.

Chapter 4. Social planning in enterprises

Planning for the social development of labor collectives constitutes the third level of social planning. Different kinds production teams suggest different methods when planning their development. The experience of social planning suggests that at the enterprise level it is most effective to use plans that are based on the principles:

Principle 1. The abilities and capabilities of each employee, influencing the development of production and self-improvement, should be taken into account in the first place.

Principle 2. The effectiveness of social planning directly depends on the conditions created at the enterprise or in the organization for employees, individual advantages that they can receive in the distribution of material and intangible benefits. It is necessary to combine all the resources and efforts undertaken by the state to improve the living standards of workers and the resources that a particular region has. An equally important factor in the implementation of this principle is the improvement of material and moral incentives. In recent years, many proposals have been made and a number of experiments have been carried out to increase people's interest in the final results of labor.

Principle 3. The processes of human interaction with a production organization, city or district (and, consequently, with the whole society) should not proceed spontaneously, accidentally, spontaneously, but should be an expression of conscious activity.

The system helps to develop these principles and conduct social planning at the enterprise. labor law Russian Federation. The formation of labor legislation also belongs to the primary functions of the legislative authorities.

Conclusion

When performing this work, the concept of social planning and its essence were considered. As a form of regulation of social processes, social planning belongs to the components government controlled. The latter, in turn, is the main function of the state.

The powers of the state are vested in the authorities. They implement the entirety of its functions, including social planning. Thus, they influence the work of many institutions in the social sphere, realizing the internal economic and organizational functions of power.

Social planning is an integral competence of the authorities, as it affects the foundations of the life of society and cannot be decided by anyone else.

The system of social planning consists of nationwide planning, regional planning and social planning in the collectives of enterprises. Legislatures provide the regulatory framework for social planning. And the executive in the course of planning develop and control the implementation of social programs.

Federal social programs are also implemented at the regional level, where the municipality, carrying out social planning, processes them for local needs and the needs of the population in the regions.

The provision of social services to the population can be carried out by non-state organizations, but social planning is the prerogative of the state. Although the public is widely involved in it at the regional level to clarify urgent social problems and ways to overcome them.

List of literature sources

1. Economic dictionary. Ed. Arkhipova A.I. - M. Prospekt, 2001. - 624 p.

2. Kataeva V. Creative manager: strategy for success. – M.: Rusaki, 2003. – 280 p.

3. Marchenko MN Theory of state and law. – M.: Prospekt, 2008. – 648 p.

4. Citizens V.D. Sociology of Management, Textbook. – M.: KnoRus, 2008. – 512 p.

5. Tikhomirov Yu.A., Zenkov V.N. Social legislation. Scientific and practical guide. – M.: Infra-M, 2005. – 339 p.

6. Weil M., Gamble D.N. Community Practice Models//Encyclopedia of Social Work 19th ed, - Vol.1.- Washington: NASW, 1995. - 600.

7. Bracht, N., Kingsbury, L. Community organization principles in health promotion. (Eds), Health Promotion at the Community Level, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, 1990. - p.668.

8. Reshetnikov A.V. Process management in the social sphere. - M.: Medicine, 2001. - 503 p.

9. Semygina T.V. Community work: practice and politics. - K .: Academy, 2004. - 350 p.

10. Bukhalkov M.I. Enterprise planning. – M.: Infra-M, 2008. – 416 p.

Each organization can be seen as social organization, which

characterized by its territory, goals, leadership, social conditions.

The classification of social groups is carried out according to various criteria:

Conditional (uniting people on some basis for the purposes of analysis);

Formal and informal small groups. In a formal group for all its members

all positions, job descriptions are clearly defined, all roles are strictly distributed, structure

authorities. An informal group is formed and arises spontaneously, it does not have relationships according to

vertically, this group is formed on the basis of mutual likes or dislikes;

reference groups. They serve as a standard, performing comparative and normative

Each group is characterized by the main parameters: composition, structure, group

processes and norms, system of values.

The composition of the group is characterized by such features as age, profession, work experience,

the level of education..

The structure of a group can be characterized on the basis of features such as the structure

communications, preference structure, power structure.

Group processes of a socio-psychological nature include adaptation,

communication, identification and integration.

Group norms are the rules developed and adopted by the group. Regulations are closely related to

values ​​that are formed in each group on the basis of attitudes towards certain

social phenomena.

Social processes in the enterprise must be managed, these goals are served by social

planning or planning for the social development of labor collectives.

However, it should be noted that socio-economic instability in society,

characteristic of Russia in the mid-90s, the struggle of enterprises for survival in the new market

environment pushed the issues of planning social development at enterprises into the background. Tem

however, this does not mean that the need for such work has lost its relevance.

stabilization processes in the country will inevitably pose problems of managing social

development as a priority. This is evidenced by the experience of economically developed countries of the world.

Therefore, it is advisable to consider the issues of organizing the management of social development on

enterprises.

Changes in the social structure of the team are closely related to the movements of its workers,

some of which are planned in advance (retirement, study, etc.)

The most important process of social development of the team is the improvement

production area, which has a great impact on health and longevity

human life, his performance, socio-psychological climate in the team.

Improving working conditions creates the prerequisites for a more favorable course of social

processes in the sphere of work – adaptation, motivation, labor movements, team building.

The transformation of the Russian economy has affected the sphere of work, property, systems

wages, relations between the administration of the enterprise and employees.

The trade union and the collective agreement are becoming real instruments for protecting the rights and

the interests of workers.

Collective agreements usually include:

Wage;

Hiring and firing employees;

Operating mode;

Occupational Safety and Health;

Social sphere;

Protecting the interests of persons in this moment not working for

enterprise.

Social planning at the enterprise should be preceded by a comprehensive

sociological study of the labor collective, the purpose of which may be to study

the social structure of workers, identifying its weak links and areas for improvement.

The issues of people's attitude to work, factors of attractiveness and

the unattractiveness of labor in the enterprise as a whole and in each of its divisions.

Particular attention must be paid to:

1) the study of the degree of content of labor,

2) its conditions and level of payment,

3) staff turnover,

4) labor disciplines,

5) value orientations a team.

Sociological research ends with the development of evidence-based recommendations

on changing the social parameters of the workforce, as well as specific proposals for

various areas of work in the company's team. Similar recommendations and suggestions

become the basis of social planning for the current period (year) and perspective (3 - 5 years and

In parallel with the social development plan of the collective, many enterprises

the so-called social passports of enterprises were developed. This experience is useful

use at present.

The social passport of an enterprise is a set of indicators,

reflecting the state and prospects of social development. It is characterized by:

1) the social structure of the enterprise team,

2) its functions,

3) working conditions,

4) provision of employees with housing, preschool institutions,

departments of social infrastructure at the enterprise itself.

The passport reflects intra-collective relations, social activity of employees and

other questions. Data from the social passport is used in the development of a social

development.

In addition to social development plans, specialized

social programs such as "Health", "Women's Labor", "Youth", "Housing",

working conditions, etc.

Planning for the social development of labor collectives ensures the growth of social

efficiency, which, along with economic efficiency, is the most important

a prerequisite and condition for the well-being of the enterprise and its employees.

51. Social development plan

Availability in this section social development plan team will be, among other things, a clear confirmation of the effectiveness and prospects of your company (provided that your plans in this regard are not an empty phrase, which must be confirmed by the facts of previous periods).

The plan for the social development of the collective of the enterprise is a scientifically substantiated and financially secure system of measures aimed at the comprehensive and harmonious development of all members of the collective on the basis of progressive changes in the structure, living conditions of the labor collective, strengthening the social homogeneity of labor, and the most complete satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of the members of the collective.

The following main sections are included in the enterprise social development plan.

1. Improving the social structure of the workforce. This section provides for measures to improve the professional and qualification structure of an employee, reduce the number of workers engaged in manual, heavy physical and monotonous labor, as well as those employed in jobs with harmful working conditions, to improve the ratio between unskilled and skilled labor, which leads to an increase in the social homogeneity of labor .

2. Improvement of working conditions and health protection of employees of the enterprise. In this section, special attention is paid to measures to improve the working environment.

3. Improving wages, improving housing and cultural and living conditions for employees of the enterprise. This provides not only a general increase in the level of remuneration of workers, but also the establishment of the correct proportions in the level of wages of various categories of workers, the differentiation of the level of remuneration within the categories of workers, depending on the level of complexity and the final results of labor.

4. Education of personality, increase of labor and social activity of workers and expansion of their participation in production management. First of all, these are measures aimed at developing the social activity of workers and increasing their role in production management, its democratization; ideological and patriotic education, labor, economic, moral, legal. These types of education closely interact with each other.

The main task of this section of the plan is to determine the prospects for improving educational work, creating conditions for its high efficiency.

In this section of the business plan, you can also provide information on the legal aspects of the activity: information on registration, constituent documents, form of ownership, legislative restrictions, features of taxation, patent protection, etc.

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