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Abstract: The potential of the organization. Tools for the formation of the organizational potential of an enterprise Description and analysis of the technology for assessing the effectiveness of organizational potential

Keywords

ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY OF THE ORGANIZATION / SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING / RESOURCE POTENTIALS/ PRODUCTIVITY / CONTROL TECHNOLOGY / ORGANIZATIONAL POTENTIAL OF AN ORGANIZATION/ SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING / RESOURCE POTENTIALS / PRODUCTIVITY / MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Tretyakova Elena Petrovna, Kuvshinov Mikhail Sergeevich

The article presents the theoretical provisions that reveal the organizational potential as the ability of an organization to create a resource structure for the production of products and the maintenance of key values. By considering the properties, forms and functions of the organizational potential, the possibility of its use as a means of management has been established. sustainable functioning production organizations. To use the organizational potential in this capacity, the laws of its formation, functioning and development have been established, a model of the functioning of the organizational potential has been developed, the essence of organizational potential management has been determined, and an appropriate mechanism has been developed, including cycles of operational, tactical and strategic management using specialized technologies. Proposed and substantiated a set of productivity indicators for evaluation sustainability of functioning production organizations, as well as summary indicators of the status and effectiveness of organizational capacity. It has been established that the formation of the productivity of organizational potential occurs through education resource potentials organizations (industrial, financial, labor and market). The application of the above theoretical provisions makes it possible to ensure sustainable operation production organizations by harmonizing economic results with indicators and means of organizational activity that ensure their achievement.

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Organizational potential as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of industrial organizations"

UDC 658.338 DOI: 10.14529/et170317

ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY AS A MEANS OF MANAGING THE SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF PRODUCTION ORGANIZATIONS

E.P. Tretyakova, M.S. pitchers

South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

The article presents the theoretical provisions that reveal the organizational potential as the ability of an organization to create a resource structure for the production of products and the maintenance of key values. By considering the properties, forms and functions of the organizational potential, the possibility of its application as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of production organizations has been established. To use the organizational potential in this capacity, the laws of its formation, functioning and development have been established, a model of the functioning of the organizational potential has been developed, the essence of organizational potential management has been determined, and an appropriate mechanism has been developed, including cycles of operational, tactical and strategic management using specialized technologies. A set of productivity indicators is proposed and substantiated for assessing the sustainability of the functioning of production organizations, as well as summary indicators of the state and effectiveness of organizational potential. It has been established that the formation of the productivity of the organizational potential occurs through the formation of the resource potentials of the organization (production, financial, labor and market). The application of the above theoretical provisions makes it possible to ensure the sustainable functioning of production organizations by harmonizing economic results with the indicators and means of organizational activity that ensure their achievement.

Key words: organizational potential of the organization; sustainable functioning; resource potentials; productivity; control technology.

IN modern conditions the growing uncertainty of the business environment, the issues of maintaining the sustainable functioning of production organizations are of particular relevance. The traditional way of increasing profits by cutting costs does not always give the desired result, since in a competitive environment, reducing the costs of manufacturing organizations below a certain level is problematic. Therefore, the profitability of organizations is ensured by increasing income by expanding the range or constantly updating products, expanding the geography of sales, providing services, changing work with personnel, which requires the use of different forms of organizing activities, procedures and technologies for their creation.

Thus, the sustainable functioning of manufacturing organizations is achieved through organizational management, ensuring the conformity of organizations with their business environment through organizational actions. However, spontaneous organizational decisions may have a number of disadvantages, including fragmentation and imbalance, the lack of a single direction of action, their possible inconsistency with the state of the business environment, the presence of hidden unused reserves of an organizational nature. The solution to these problems, in our opinion, is the directed formation and application of organizational potential as the ability of an organization to organize activities, which consists in the selection

re and combination of compatible components based on the developed order of construction and establishment of links between components to ensure the strength of the system being created. This gives reason to consider the essence of the organizational potential of the organization and explore the possibility of using it as a means of maintaining the sustainable functioning of production organizations. To do this, a number of tasks should be solved: to state the author's idea of the essence of organizational potential in comparison with the prevailing ideas; identify and reveal the functions and basic processes of organizational potential as a system; substantiate the author's view on the essence of organizational capacity management; build and justify an adequate mechanism for managing organizational capacity to maintain the sustainable functioning of organizations.

Basic concepts I. Ansoff, as the founder of the concept of organizational potential, called organizational potential the total capabilities of linear and functional managers, expressed in terms of the amount of work that can be performed by general management. As the concept of strategic management developed, ideas about the essence of organizational potential also changed. Modern authors give different interpretations of this concept: the order of placement of elements of the total potential in time and space; organization system

labor and production; the ability to bring all interrelated and interdependent resources of the organization in full compliance with the chosen strategy; reserves extracted by directional change in the organization. These definitions reflect only certain aspects of organizational potential and do not allow to fully reveal its nature. Therefore, based on modern management concepts, we have proposed the following definition: Organizational capacity organization is its ability to form a structure of resources, united by a focus on the production of products and the maintenance of key values.

As an analysis of the literature has shown, the key values of the vast majority of Russian production organizations are aimed at maintaining sustainable functioning, which determines the purpose, the main function of the organizational potential of these organizations.

To substantiate the organizational potential as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of production organizations, we will clarify some concepts. According to the provisions of the resource approach, the ability of an organization to perform certain activities is expressed in procedures and algorithms of actions, and most importantly, in the principles and means of their creation. In the theory of organization, stability is the ability of a system to function in states close to equilibrium, under conditions of external and internal influences. Functioning in a general sense is defined as the process of performing a function determined by the purpose of the system, while maintaining the achieved level of organization and the main parameters of the organization. Concretizing the definition, a group of MSTU researchers proposed to consider the sustainable functioning of an organization as the ability to maintain or increase the volume of sales of products, works or services for a long time with various changes in infrastructure and with fluctuations in consumer demand.

Considering that, according to modern scientific views, the products of an organization are considered not only goods and services, but also knowledge, corporate culture, patterns of behavior in the business environment, etc., sustainable functioning will be understood as the preservation of the main processes and acceptable parameters of the organization in combination with adaptation to changes in the business environment due to the flexibility of supporting processes. In this regard, we believe that for an organization, as economic system, sustainable operation should be expressed in terms of profitability and compliance with the state of the business environment.

The concept of "value" is used by us in

the meaning of "priorities and standards of managerial activity", which are the criteria for the rationality of decisions made. We believe that in the conditions of uncertainty and dynamism of the business environment, it is the values that become stable strategic guidelines for the organization, and the goals are the means of measuring and controlling them.

According to the author's view, organizational resources form the basis of organizational potential, which, according to the homogeneity of components, can be grouped into the following groups: intellectual property, management system, corporate culture, information Technology, external Relations. The formation of organizational potential, as an ability, is carried out by searching, selecting and reusing a combination of organizational resources, subject to the conditions arising from the principles of building systems: value orientation, complementarity and interaction of organizational resources among themselves.

The essence of organizational potential as a system

We believe that organizational potential in the process of formation takes on different forms: a system of organizational resources, a model of organizational behavior and a quantitative expression of organizational potential (Fig. 1).

A behavior model is a dynamic form of organizational potential, a set of principles and methods of interaction between members of an organization and with objects of the business environment regarding the attraction, combination and use of resources. We consider the indicator of its state as a quantitative expression of the organizational potential. The sequence of occurrence and structural differences of these forms allow us to call them morphological forms.

Based on the author's definition of organizational potential, its functions can be distinguished: structuring, integrating, stabilizing, communicative, adaptive and developing. The structuring function consists in the selection and specialization of the monetary, material and property, labor and external resources involved in the production. information resources. This makes it possible to ensure their complementarity as a condition for interaction and integration in the course of product creation. Through the communicative function, links are established between the participants of the organization, as well as between the organization and the business environment. Thanks to the stabilizing function, a certain order of resource usage is maintained. The adaptive function ensures the current compliance of the organization with the state of the business environment, and the developing function ensures the strategic

Organizational Resources Conditions Organizational

Intellectual property -G> Correspondence of organizational resources with the core values of the organization Complementarity of organizational resources Interaction of organizational resources / System \ / organizational \ \ resources /

Control system

/ / Model \\ 1 / behavior \ ] 1 \ organization / 1

Corporate culture -( >

Information technology \/-*-\/ Y

External Relations

Rice. 1. Formation of the organizational capacity of the organization

compliance of the organization with the business environment through the restructuring of organizational capacity.

The management of the organizational potential of an organization should be based on the laws of its functioning and development, taking into account the influence of the business environment. We understand the functioning of the organizational potential as a process of its interaction with the resources involved in production, as a result of which products of a material and intangible nature are formed, which have a commercial and non-commercial nature (Fig. 2).

Marketable products give the organization a market and economic result. Organizational potential, as non-commercial products, is an organizational result, otherwise the ability of an organization to involve resources in a new economic turnover. This means that the impact of organizational capacity on economic and market indicators organization is the result of both single and multiple transformations. To develop a mechanism for managing organizational potential, let's consider the process of functioning in more detail. At the selection stage, the organizational potential acts as a kind of “filter”, with the help of which resources are selected based on criteria defined by the organization’s key values.

The structuring stage is characterized by a more active interaction of organizational potential with selected resources through the methods of differentiation, specialization, hierarchization, decomposition, integration, combination, shaping, formalization using rules and documents. As a result of structuring, the resource potentials of the organization (financial, production, labor and market) are formed. Resource potentials are the specific abilities of an organization

tion to the production of products in demand by the market with the help, respectively, of monetary, material and property, human and external information resources. Resource potentials, in our opinion, consist of components that are heterogeneous in material composition and role in production: structured resources, methods, tools, procedures and technologies for managing them. The formation of resource potentials proceeds through the mechanisms of selection and repetition of successful experience or through the mechanism of imitation. The selection includes consideration and analysis of alternative ways of combining organizational capacity with the resources attracted by the organization, assessment of their compatibility and regulation the best option selected according to the established criteria. The simulation identifies, tests and selects industry-specific organizational forms, structure, technology.

The stage of transformation consists in the transformation of resource potentials into products of material and intangible nature.

The development of organizational capacity, according to systemic concepts, is associated with its life cycle. The life cycle of organizational potential is the period of time during which an acceptable level of profitability and compliance of the organization with the state of the business environment is ensured. The introduction of the concept of "life cycle" is due to the way the organizational capacity is formed. Stages life cycle traditional: birth, growth, maturity and extinction. Inception means the selection of organizational potential components empirically. In the course of harmonization of components, the organizational potential grows, at the stage of maturity it stabilizes at the maximum level due to complementarity

Rice. 2. Model of the process of functioning of the organizational potential of the organization of the enterprise

components and the fit of the organization to the business environment. Fading occurs when the organizational potential of the business environment does not match due to the structural shifts that have arisen in it.

Development of a mechanism for managing the organizational potential of the organization

We propose to understand the management of the organizational potential of a production organization (OPPO) as a set of processes of direct and indirect impact on organizational potential, ensuring the sustainable functioning of the organization. Depending on the scale and complexity of tasks, the processes of operational, tactical and strategic management can be distinguished. We propose to consider operational management as the preservation of organizational capacity by monitoring its state and functioning. Tactical management, in our opinion, should additionally provide for the possibility of regulating and correcting the state and application of organizational potential. Strategic is the process of managing the life cycle of organizational capacity, in which we distinguish 3 phases: building, maintaining and transforming organizational capacity (Fig. 3).

We believe that each phase of the life cycle is autonomous, has a particular result, includes a number of stages, is characterized by a balanced toolkit and a certain composition of participants. The building phase consists of creating value

but-oriented structure of organizational potential and bringing its characteristics to the desired level. Building organizational capacity is carried out taking into account the state of the business environment and the results of the previous activities of the organization. The result of this phase is the formed organizational potential that meets the key values of the organization. The maintenance phase consists in maintaining the structure and productivity of the organizational potential by monitoring, analyzing, regulating (correcting) its state and applying it. The transformation phase means the formation new structure organizational capacity based on the new key values of the organization, which is the beginning of the next life cycle.

Strategic management begins with an analysis of the business environment and the development of core values. We consider market, economic and organizational values to be the key ones. Market value consists in the organization's compliance with the state of the business environment, economic value in profitability. Organizational values reflect priorities in the management of attracted resources. Considering the key values as strategic guidelines of the organization, we can formulate the requirements for the complex of their meters: perspective orientation; effectiveness; sensitivity to changes in the business environment; the clarity of the content of indicators; ease of calculation

Rice. 3. Model of the process of strategic management of the organizational potential of a production organization

and the availability of information; the ability to track indicators online. Based on these requirements, we consider sales growth and market capitalization as indicators of market value. As indicators of economic value, we offer profit before taxes and net cash flow.

Sales growth reflects an organization's ability to create and retain customers for a product. The high importance of sales growth is noted by foreign and domestic scientists, based on the results of empirical research. Some see sales growth as a substitute for value added. Others believe that growth in sales precedes the growth of assets and the number of employees, which is subsequently accompanied by an increase in market share and profits. But everyone agrees that fast growth can cause financial difficulties and even bankruptcy. Therefore, one of the strategic objectives is to ensure a balanced and sustainable sales growth that allows you to maintain the profitability and financial policy of the organization. Market capitalization reflects the response of investors to the behavior of the organization in the market. Profit and net cash flow characterize the organization's ability to use the demand for products in their economic interests. All these indicators are called indicators of productivity. Organizational meters

values and effectiveness of organizational potential management, we offer summary indicators: a composite resource index (CIR), which reflects the state of organizational potential, and a composite process index (CIP), which reflects the results of its application.

The nature, scale of management tasks and the requirements for the efficiency of their implementation determine the format of control. Operational management should include monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of organizational capacity management through performance indicators. In the context of tactical management, we propose to use additionally consolidated indices of organizational potential and indicators of the organization's resource potentials for control. The formation of composite indices is proposed to be carried out on the basis of the indicator method. In the course of strategic management, an expansion of the spectrum is required benchmarks by including, along with indicators, private indicators that characterize the state and effectiveness of the use of organizational potential, which are selected on the basis of the organization's key values.

Rice. 4. The mechanism for managing the organizational potential of a production organization

Based on the previously obtained results, we believe that organizational potential management should be carried out with the help of management technologies, since, due to the complementarity of the components, it is the technologies that make it possible to ensure the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the result. For strategic management, we propose to use technologies specialized in the phases of managing the organizational potential life cycle (technologies for building, maintaining, transforming). The building technology is aimed at building organizational capacity in accordance with the core values of the organization. Maintenance technology should ensure the preservation of organizational capacity by monitoring, analyzing, regulating and correcting its state and functioning in accordance with the basic values of productivity indicators, therefore it is also proposed as a tactical management tool. Regulation is defined as the elimination of deviations in the state and functioning of organizational capacity that exceed acceptable limits. Correction is considered as the improvement of the components of the organizational potential while maintaining the key values of the organization. The technology of transformation is aimed at restructuring the organizational capacity in accordance with the new core values of the organization.

Given the dominance of sales growth among productivity indicators, we believe that an organization operates sustainably if there is an increase or maintenance within acceptable limits of profit before taxes, net cash flow and market capitalization at a given level of sales growth. The acceptable level of variability in performance indicators is determined by the management of the organization.

Conclusion

In modern economic conditions, one of the dominants in the management of industrial organizations is the maintenance of sustainable functioning. A rational way to solve this problem, according to the authors, is to create a value-oriented organizational potential and use it as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of a production organization.

To substantiate this assumption, the author's idea of organizational potential has been developed in the light of modern concepts of strategic management, the patterns of its formation, functioning and

development. On this basis, the essence of organizational potential management is determined, a management mechanism and specialized management technologies are proposed.

We believe that the developed theoretical provisions make it possible to create a methodology for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of organizational capacity management, which makes it possible to link economic results organizations with indicators of organizational performance and prove the possibility of using organizational potential as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of production organizations.

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Tretyakova Elena Petrovna, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Marketing Department, South Ural State University (Chelyabinsk), [email protected]

Kuvshinov Mikhail Sergeevich, Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Finance, Money Circulation and Credit, South Ural State University (Chelyabinsk), [email protected]

DOI: 10.14529/em170317

ORGANIZATIONAL POTENTIAL AS A MEANS OF MANAGING SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS

E.P. Tretyakova, M.S. Kuvshinov

South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

Keywords: organizational potential of an organization; sustainable functioning; resource potentials; productivity; management technology.

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Elena P. Tretyakova, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Marketing Department, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, [email protected]

Mikhail S. Kuvshinov, Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Finance, Money Circulation and Credit, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, [email protected]

Received b June 2017

CITATION SAMPLE

Tretyakova, E.P. Organizational potential as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of industrial organizations / E.P. Tretyakova, M.S. Kuvshinov // Bulletin of SUSU. Series "Economics and Management". - 2017. - V. 11, No. 3. - S. 126-134. BO!: 10.14529/et170317

Tretyakova E.P., Kuvshinov M.S. Organizational Potential as a Means of Managing Sustainable Functioning of Industrial Organizations. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Economics and Management, 2017, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 126-134. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.14529/em170317

Organizational potential of the enterprise

Organizational potential is the total capabilities of the employees of the management apparatus, expressed in the volume and types of work that the management of the enterprise can perform.

The basis of organizational potential is the culture of the organization - a set of management personnel, value systems, systems and procedures. This part of the organizational potential is subject to the strongest influence from the chosen strategy of the company Spivak V.A. Corporate culture. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.

An increase in organizational capacity can be achieved by improving the organizational structure of management.

In the early 1970s American scientist I. Ansoff put forward a number of new ideas regarding approaches to understanding and developing organizational management structures. He identified two approaches to the formation of organizational structures.

The first one is the structural approach. The main emphasis in it was placed on the internal structure of firms, the division of functions and the rationalization of management. The second is a dynamic approach. It focuses on the analysis of the firm's links with the environment in which it operates and with sources of resources. With a dynamic approach, the analysis of managerial problems is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the firm is considered in conditions of stable external relations. Organizational problems are operational in nature. At the second stage, the impact on the organization of changes is studied. external environment. The organizational problems arising from this are considered strategic. Ansoff believed that the main task of the top management of a modern firm is to solve strategic problems in a changing external environment.

The main strategy of firms in the conditions of constant external relations was the reduction of production costs and price competition. The result was a divisional structure. Ansoff viewed this kind of organizational structure as " functional structure repeated several times." The formation of multinational companies has led to the need to bring marketing services closer to the national markets in which the company operates. It was divided and branches were formed in different countries. Ansoff called such a structure a multinational structure, a matrix of the branch-country type. Ansoff believed that the idea of a matrix is one of the main modern science on the formation of organizational structures.

The behavior of modern firms can be structured in three directions, i.e., three main strategies can be distinguished: achieving resource efficiency, ensuring competitiveness, and an active policy in the field of innovation. Depending on which strategy prevails, one or another type of structure is chosen. The use of multiple strategies requires the formation of matrices various types or a reasonable combination different types structures within the same company. One of the latest forms of multinational structure is the product-market matrix, which attempts to combine market policy with the development of a firm's strategy. Having considered the evolution of organizational structures, Ansoff identified the main trends in their development. The main trend can be considered the awareness of managers of the fact that any organization is a complex collection of a large number of interrelated elements.

Innovative potential depends on the parameters of the organizational structures of management, the professional and qualification composition of industrial and production personnel, external conditions economic activity etc. Therefore, the assessment of innovative potential is a necessary component of the strategy development process.

The structure of the innovative potential covers those elements of the organization that determine its readiness for change: decentralization in decision-making, low level of formalization and regulation managerial work, the ability of organizational structures to flexibly rebuild according to changes in tasks and conditions of activity. Centralized hierarchical organizational structures negatively affect the innovative potential, which contradict the creative nature of innovation activity: stable relations and management procedures actively resist any innovation.

The organization's readiness for change involves a detailed assessment of the innovative potential, using the "resources - functions - projects" scheme. This scheme is used at the justification stage. innovative project. It covers:

1. a description of the problem of enterprise development and the definition of tasks that are included in the problem solving program;

2. description of the environment for solving the problem (state internal environment, environmental factors that affect innovative activity);

3. assessment of the resource potential in relation to a certain innovative task (providing the project with the resources necessary for its implementation);

4. assessing the ability of personnel to achieve certain performance results (resource support managerial functions);

5. assessment of the level of providing the project with the functions necessary for its implementation (functional support of the project);

determination of an integral assessment of the organization's potential, its readiness to solve an innovative task;

6. determination of the main activities necessary to achieve a certain potential for the implementation of an innovative project (Lapin E.V. Economic, 2002).

Another way to assess the innovative potential of an organization is the SWOT analysis, which makes it possible not only to assess the organization's ability to implement innovations, but also to determine how this ability is affected by the innovative climate of the external environment. The standard SWOT analysis methodology is conceptualized in terms of the innovative opportunities that the business environment and the potential of the organization itself can provide. During the analysis, fix:

1. strengths the potential of the company, which will ensure it the use of opportunities that have appeared in the external environment; this helps determine the appropriate strategy for their use;

2. weak sides the potential of the firm, which deprive it of the chance to use new opportunities or create threats to its existence.

Thanks to the high innovative potential the organization can quickly respond to changes in the external environment, conduct innovative search and implement organizational changes. Low potential does not provide such an opportunity; innovations under these conditions are rarely introduced and only when the company begins to feel difficulties in marketing its products. However, development innovative solutions in response to the occurrence of a problem is ineffective. The innovation policy of the enterprise of the masses, to be the result of in-depth market research, constant monitoring of the actions of competitors, must resist the modern scientific and technological achievements in the relevant industry and effective use intellectual and creative potential of employees. This will enable top management to develop optimal innovation strategies that will shape strategic advantages enterprises in the long term (Lapin E.V. Economic, 2002).

3.4. organizational potential.

Organizational capacity - a connecting link for the implementation of management processes and part of the total potential of the organization. Elements of organizational potential are independent and serve as objects of study of management science. The elements of organizational capacity include:

Organizational structure of management;

Organizational system and management style;

leadership capacity;

Functional potential of the organization;

Organizational (corporate culture).

The organizational structure of management is a form of division and cooperation of management activities, within which the management process takes place, aimed at achieving the goals of the organization. The management structure is a set of elements, levels of management and links, the mechanism of functioning of which allows the organization to achieve its goals. The organizational structure is a reflection of the division of labor existing in the organization between departments, groups, employees.

The organizational system and management style consist of an object, subject, management process and social resources, and also include the accepted methods and methods of management.

Leadership capacity includes characteristics such as:

Qualification;

Professionalism;

Organization loyalty;

Learnability, etc.

The functional capability of an organization includes activities across all functions throughout the life cycle of a product, as well as production, distribution and consumption.

Organizational (corporate culture) - as part of the organizational potential is formed "at the exit" of the organization in the form of a system of rules and norms social behavior(artifacts), accepted (basic) values and perceptions, which contributes to the achievement of the goals of the organization.

Conclusion

Organizational management requires a variety of approaches and ways to use the overall potential of the organization. The potential of the organization consists of the resources and sources of their replenishment that it has, its connections, position and organizational system generally. The potential of the organization itself is a source of formation competitive advantage organization and that is why it needs constant development and improvement. The potential of the organization is a strategic resource of the organization, which ensures its stability in inadequate conditions of the macro environment, allows you to neutralize Negative influence external factors. The potential of any organization has the greatest impact not only on final results any of its activities, but also to the limits of growth and structural development of the entire organization.

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Theory of organizational potential. In the early 1970s, the American scientist Igor Ansoff put forward a number of new ideas regarding approaches to understanding and developing organizational management structures. He considers an industrial organization as a certain system that interacts with sources of resources and the external environment (sales markets, competitors, government, etc.).

Based on this, two historical approaches to the formation of organizational structures stand out.

The first of these - the structural approach - was characteristic of the period before the Second World War. The main emphasis in it was placed on the internal structure of firms, the division of functions and the rationalization of management. At its core, the approach was static, since it did not take into account the dynamics of changes in organizational structures under the influence of external factors.

The second, dynamic approach was most widely used in the post-war period. It focuses on the analysis of the firm's links with the environment in which it operates and with sources of resources. The dynamic approach is illustrated by the model of the firm presented in fig. 3.

Within the framework of this approach, the analysis of managerial problems is carried out in two stages. On the first one, the firm is considered in conditions of stable external relations (static aspect). The organizational problems that arise in this case are of an operational nature.

At the second stage, the impact on the organization of changes in the external environment (dynamic aspect) is studied. Organizational problems arising in connection with this, Ansoff calls strategic.

Ansoff believes that the main task of the top management of a modern firm is to solve strategic problems in a changing external environment. One of the main theses of the dynamic approach is the existence of a close relationship between the nature of external relationships and the behavior of the firm, on the one hand, and its internal organization- with another.

Ansoff emphasizes that any organization is a complex collection of a large number of interrelated elements.

The most important of them are: leaders, structure, information, systems and procedures, technological processes, values, organizational potential. A large set of these elements represents organizational capacity.

It is most expedient to start changing the organizational potential with people, with managers. This is followed by a change in the value system operating in the company, the restructuring of information flows, other elements.

It is believed that the basis of organizational potential is the so-called culture of the organization (the totality of managerial personnel, value systems, systems and procedures).

This part of the organizational capacity is most affected by the chosen strategy of the firm. There are cases when a small change in strategy may require a radical restructuring of the culture of the organization and when a change in strategy requires little or no change in the culture of the organization, and, consequently, organizational capacity. However, most often, changes in strategy are associated with certain changes in organizational capacity. The very nature of the transition essentially depends on the specific conditions. Within the framework of the theory under consideration, the influence of the product life cycle on the strategy for changing organizational capacity is revealed.

The theory outlined above is applicable only to organizations that are sensitive to all changes in the external environment. For each specific case, the optimal frequency of organizational restructuring should be established. The process of change itself is determined by external conditions. Experiments have been carried out when several possible management structures are worked out in advance in an organization and one of the options is selected depending on the conditions. Moreover, the choice of one or another variant can be carried out on a computer using formal methods.

The company management model (Table 2) shows that, depending on external conditions and the nature of the problems being solved, top management should focus on quite specific points indicated in the matrix.

Table 2 - The model of top management of the firm

	Sustainable external conditions (operational issues)	Changing external conditions (strategic issues)
Type of activity Character Problems	Making a profit (realization of potential)	Creation strategic potential
	Implementation market strategy	Strategic Capacity Development (1)
Interior	Economical use of resources	Organizational Capacity Development (2)

Note: Aggregates (1) and (2) represent the full potential.

We know that strategic management industrial enterprise provides for the creation and application of its potential, based on the resources available to the enterprise. In the context of the complexity and dynamism of modern economic life, the organizational potential acquires a leading role among the potentials of an enterprise.

The essence of organizational potential is determined by the essence of organizational activity, which in general terms consists in the selection and combination of compatible components based on the developed order of construction, the establishment of the nature of the links that ensure interaction between them, and the formation of a set of criteria for assessing the rationality of the constructed structure or process. Therefore, the organizational potential reflects the ability of the enterprise to organizational activities. A. Chandler defined the focus of this activity as meeting market requirements by producing tangible and intangible products that are in demand on the market.

Consequently, organizational potential characterizes the "viability" of an enterprise, otherwise its ability to exist, develop, adapt to life in a certain environment. This is what determines its dominant role among the potentials of the enterprise. The ability to act means a system of methods of action for the organization and implementation of work. In relation to the enterprise, the ability to act is a set of ways to act to change the internal or business environment in order to achieve compliance between them.

Comparing the essence of organizational activity, connection with organizational potential, taking into account its orientation and approaches to achieving a balance between an enterprise and its business environment, we propose a definition of organizational potential. The organizational potential of an industrial enterprise (OPPP) is its ability to form a structured design of resources, united by a focus on matching the business environment or changing it. These abilities are presented in the form of knowledge and skills of the enterprise, which are embodied in the procedures and algorithms of actions, but also in the ways and means of creating procedures and algorithms of actions. The ability to perform certain actions is formed by repeated repetition of a combination of purposeful actions, subject to the conditions arising from general principles building systems: the complementarity of components, their interaction with each other and their compliance with the values or goals of the enterprise. Therefore, a necessary component of organizational capacity is a structure that defines the principles of combining actions, ensures the development, replication and control of a combination of actions.

The sources of organizational potential are organizational resources of a static and dynamic nature, which form the organizational framework and organizational mechanism enterprises, which largely determines the attraction and use of other resources. Organizational resources are informational in nature and are presented in the following composition: intellectual property, management system, corporate culture, information technology, relationships with customers and other partners.

The compliance of the enterprise with the state of the business environment is ensured by the functions of the organizational potential, which can be distinguished based on the purpose and definition of the organizational potential: structuring, integrating, stabilizing, communicative, adaptive and developing. According to the first, the organizational potential acts as a structurizer of monetary, material and property and labor resources, which makes it possible to ensure their complementarity as a condition for integration and interaction in the course of product creation. The communicative function complements the integrating function and consists in establishing links between all company resources and the business environment. Thanks to the stabilizing function, a certain order of resource use is formed and maintained. The adaptation function is responsible for establishing the current compliance of the enterprise with the state of the business environment. In comparison with it, the developing function is aimed at achieving strategic external compliance. Thus, the organizational potential must ensure, on the one hand, the flexibility and agility of the enterprise, and on the other hand, stability, ensuring the preservation of the qualitative certainty of the enterprise.

The organizational potential has general economic for the potentials of the enterprise and characteristic properties. General economic properties include high level integration of components, orientation to the future, complexity of measurement and predictive nature of the assessment of the state and use of the potential. The characteristic properties of organizational potential are due to its intangible nature and orientation and are presented in the following composition: interaction and system-forming impact on other resources of the enterprise, various forms of manifestation of organizational potential (system of organizational resources, behavior, state), as well as specificity, flexibility and polystructurality.

systemic character. Organizational potential, according to the above definition, not only acts as a kind of matrix, structurizer for the resources at the disposal of the enterprise, but in the process of interaction sets them in motion for the production of tangible and intangible products.

The objectivity of the organizational potential is due to its importance for the viability of the enterprise.

The specificity of the organizational potential is determined by the predominance of resources in its composition, which have characteristics characteristic of the enterprise associated with the values and priorities of management. The most specific features are organizational structure, control technology and organizational culture.

The flexibility of socio-economic systems is the ability to move from one workable state to another at the lowest cost by redistributing resources. Since information is the most flexible resource of an enterprise, organizational potential, all components of which are of an informational nature, has maximum flexibility in comparison with other potentials. Polystructurality. Organizational resources differ in a number of characteristics that are important for management, including maturity, flexibility, belonging to the enterprise, and the role in adapting to the business environment. This causes a lot of connections that form the organizational potential, and, accordingly, the possibility of distinguishing different structures depending on the goals of management.

Summarizing the above characteristics of the organizational potential, we believe that it can be used as an enterprise management tool, especially in a changing business environment. The use of this tool creates a number of important analytical and managerial capabilities.

First of all, this makes it possible to establish links between the internal organization of the enterprise and models of its interaction with the business environment, to develop a productivity chain that links indicators of the state and use of organizational potential with the state of the business environment. In addition, there is a methodological basis for identifying incompatibilities and imbalances between the components of the organizational potential, assessing the rationality of using organizational resources, identifying unused organizational capabilities in order to concentrate efforts and resources on problems whose solution will improve the performance of the enterprise with minimal cost. The development of basic (normative) indicators and monitoring of the state of the organizational potential provides reasonable information for making decisions on adjusting or radically revising the foundations of building and functioning of an industrial enterprise. As a result, it becomes possible to develop a technology for managing an industrial enterprise by managing its organizational potential.

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Abstract: The potential of the organization. Tools for the formation of the organizational potential of an enterprise Description and analysis of the technology for assessing the effectiveness of organizational potential

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Tretyakova Elena Petrovna, Kuvshinov Mikhail Sergeevich

Related Topics scientific papers on economics and business, author of scientific work - Tretyakova Elena Petrovna, Kuvshinov Mikhail Sergeevich

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Organizational potential as a means of managing the sustainable functioning of industrial organizations"

Organizational potential of the enterprise

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