home » Ideas » What to plan and how to make. How to make a plan for the text? Principles of text rubrication

What to plan and how to make. How to make a plan for the text? Principles of text rubrication

The point of making a plan for the year is to live a happier year than without a plan. The plan must guide us along the way happy life. Support our growth above ourselves. Expand our capabilities and grow our self-image.

Plan for the year - structures our development and slightly pushes in the back when we stop. It should have goals, the achievement of which is significant for us. It is overvalued to be effective, the plan for the year serves this task.

And “keep the goals in mind” is a slingshot, smoothly turning into a remote control from the telly.

I've been planning goals for 5 years now. To convince you of the benefits of drawing up a plan and not clog the article, it’s hard for me to give not hundreds, but just one strong argument. Heard everyone wants to "travel and lie under a palm tree." Without work is a boring fairy tale. So I work and live in the palm countries 260 days a year.

The plan is to expand our freedom, and not to squeeze us into the framework of old and imposed goals. If our life is shackled: the obligation to earn a living or work for other people's goals, then it will be more far-sighted to make a plan to change our lives.

Basic principles of life planning

The first step is to make a draft list of goals. It is convenient from December to start collecting goals, to look closely at them. You can check them for compliance with yourself, if it is vocal - go to a trial lesson.

But even before you start making a plan, it's helpful to adopt the principles to make it fun to follow the plan:

Goal Sources

The main source of goals for the year is our personal meaning of life. If we have compiled it, it will be much easier for us in the future: to determine what is valuable for us in the year, and what to discard. Or we will proceed from the idea - what we want to achieve in 5 years. I'll give you abbreviated examples.

My draft version of the personal meaning of life: figure out "Who am I?" and where I am.
Goals for the year: read books on psychology, philosophy, religion. Expand "I" - unusual behavior, roles, habits, self-image, travel.

Year planning results

We don't know what will happen in a year. We can be wrong about our desires. Example - planned to move to the city center, but left abroad. The plan didn't work - we just changed.

On New Year we make a plan. If it is implemented, we will be delighted. And an unfulfilled plan will remain in our head - an unpleasant burden. Therefore, we are cunning.

The plan for the beginning of the year is taken as 100%. Those 25% of free space - we fill with new goals. We consider everything based on the original plan, and additional goals as overfulfillment of the plan.

The plan is necessary for us to feel better, so that it fills us with the will to move forward, and not slow us down. In life, an order of magnitude more will happen than is written in the plan. Unplanned meetings with friends, emotional gatherings, some joyful moments. But they will not be taken into account in the plan. Remember that following a plan is a part of life, not all of life.

It is important not to draw up a plan correctly, but the planning of life itself is significant.

Completing this task involves:

1) the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to a given topic;
2) completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
3) compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type;

The main condition for completing this task is a systematic, deep, fairly voluminous and versatile knowledge of the topic, which requires the involvement of social science material, as well as knowledge from related academic disciplines and, where possible, operational knowledge from the media.

When completing assignments, graduates will:

A) on the one hand, in the given formulation of the topic, to find the content material known to them;
b) on the other hand, build the logic of presentation of knowledge on the topic in the form of points complex plan;

When drawing up a complex plan, you can use the following recommendations:

1) present the content of the social science course, revealing this problem;
2) divide this content into semantic parts, highlighting the main idea in each of them;
3) title each part;
4) in each part, highlight several provisions that develop the main idea;
5) check whether the points and sub-points of the plan are combined, whether the next point of the plan is connected with the previous one, whether the main content of the topic is fully reflected in them;
6) make adjustments if necessary;
7) remember that the plan should cover the main content of the topic;
8) in headings (paragraphs or subparagraphs of the plan), it is undesirable to repeat similar wording.

Is there a model for making a plan?

The main thing is to mentally present the studied material and consistently state the content of the proposed topic.

Remember that everything depends on the topic proposed to you. Some of the points listed below may not apply to some topics. I have tried to write only a general scheme that can help you when drawing up a plan.

1. First you need to identify the subject of the proposed topic. There are several options for this. For example:

1) What is…
2) The concept ...
3) Definition…

2. Then, if possible, highlight the following points:

1) Causes of occurrence (appearance, development) ...
You can detail this point in separate sub-points, listing these very reasons.

2) Approaches to the definition of the concept ... (essence ...). For example:
- Origin theories...
- Views of thinkers on ...
You can detail this point in separate sub-points, listing these very approaches.

3. Next highlight character traits(features; features; main elements, etc.) ...
You can detail this item in separate sub-items, listing these very characteristic features (signs; features, main elements, etc.).

4. Functions…
You can detail this item in separate sub-items, listing these very functions.

5. Types (types, forms, structure, classifications, criteria, factors) ...
This point can be detailed in separate sub-points.

6. Meaning (role, consequences, trends, purpose)…

7. Features (problems, traditions, etc.) ... in modern society(world).

8. Solutions

It is better to detail in separate subparagraphs somewhere around 2-4 points.

The wording of the points of the plan is correct. Together, the points of the plan cover the main aspects of the topic and reveal it in a certain sequence.
3 points

The plans are correct. Separate essential aspects for this topic were not reflected in the plan. The theme is not developed sequentially.
OR
The wording of the points of the plan is correct. In the aggregate, the points of the plan cover the main aspects of the topic, but are not presented in a specific, adequate topic, sequence.
2 points

Certain wordings of the points of the plan are correct. The plan does not provide a holistic and consistent disclosure of the topic.
1 point

The wording of the points of the plan does not correspond to the topic.
OR
Wrong answer.
0 points

Examples of task C8

1) You have been instructed to prepare a detailed plan on the topic "Biological and social in man." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1) Activity as a way of being human
2) Specific features of human activity
3) Activity structure:
a) subject
b) object
c) goal
d) funds
e) result
4) Motives of activity
5) Two main types of activity
A) Practical activities
b) spiritual activity
6) Leading activities in human life:
a) game
b) teaching
c) labor

2) To speak at the seminar, you need to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Interpersonal conflicts and ways to resolve them." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1) The concept and specific features of interpersonal conflict
2) Participants in the conflict
3) Causes of interpersonal conflict
4) Cause for conflict
5) basic concepts that reveal the essence of the conflict
6) Conflict functions
a) positive
b) negative
7) Classification of interpersonal conflicts:
a) direction
b) based on
c) by consequences
d) by the emotional strength of the impact on the conflicting
e) by the scale of impact
e) according to the duration of the flow
g) according to the form of manifestation
h) by source of occurrence
8) The relationship of interpersonal conflicts with other types of social conflicts

3) You are a participant in the competition of research papers for high school students with a report on the topic "Multivariance and driving forces for the development of society." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1) Sources and driving forces of the development of society:
a) the transformational activity of people
b) natural and climatic conditions
c) prominent people
2) The concepts of "progress" and "regression"
3) Modern approaches to the development of society:
a) formational approach
b) stage-civilized approach
c) locally civilized approach
4) Shape social change:
a) evolution
b) revolution

Plans and dreams are an important part of every person's life. But do people always reach their goals? What's stopping them? Of course, everyone individual person There are plenty of reasons why this or that dream never came true. However, the root of most of them lies in one simple word- planning. As many managers argue, it is without this process that the achievement of goals most often ends in failure. In this article, we will learn how to make a plan for the year and stick to it.

Why is it necessary

One Italian aphorism says:

Only dead fish, go with the flow.

If you have a question not “how to make a plan for the year”, but “why is this necessary?”, then all your conscious life you just went with the flow. On the one hand, it's not so bad. But when uncontrollable situations arise, a person begins to realize that he is not the “owner of his life”, but other people or some circumstances. Planning is an important and very responsible process, which not only allows you to structure dreams and desires, but also helps to find solutions for the implementation of goals. It's time to take the reins of government into your own hands. Then you can confidently say that you are in complete control of your life.

When to Plan

Of course, the most suitable time for this is the end of the year and the beginning of the next. It is during this period that it is useful to analyze past mistakes and think about what you really want. If the question “how to make a plan for the year” became relevant in the middle of summer, then this is also not a problem. In this case, it would be best to make a list of goals before the end of this year. And then make a new one, already for all 365 days. In fact, planning should be done exactly when you are really ready for it. The main thing is not to put off this matter, because because of the fuss you can forget about your goals and intentions.

Analysis of the past

Before you start drawing up a plan, you need to remember the previous year. It is very important to have a pen and paper handy at this time. You can write for yourself:

What goals did you set for last year?
What has been achieved? Why?
What didn't work out? Why?

Carefully analyze for yourself all the questions. Were these goals really important to you? Was the effort worth the result? Only after a clear picture of the past year has formed in your head, you can proceed to next paragraph.

Work on mistakes

Do you remember how at school everyone was forced to do “work on the mistakes”? Now let's remember this time a little. The data obtained from the last paragraph must be usefully applied for future purposes. How to make a plan for the year, taking into account past mistakes? On a piece of paper, you need to make the following diagram:

On the left side, you need to indicate all the goals that have been achieved, on the right side, the plans that could not be achieved. Under each item, briefly indicate why this happened. Now, with this diagram, it will be very easy to answer the question: “how to plan for the year, taking into account past mistakes?” Particular attention should be paid to the right column. Analyze the need for these goals. If their significance has not decreased, then they need to be rewritten in next year. However, to such a goal, one of the sub-points will be the task of achieving it. So, for example, in the scheme above, the girl failed to buy new car, as she was unable to save and raise the necessary finances. To such a goal, the task will be as follows: set aside n-amount of money every month.

How to formulate

The way goals are written matters a lot. The wording should be short and accurately reflect the task. In addition, it is desirable that the goals that you will write be tied to certain images. So, it will be easier for you not to forget about them. Some people even make collage plans. They display not only the target, but also its image.

How to make a work plan for the year if there are no specific goals? Sometimes it really happens that a person himself does not know what he wants. Many management experts argue that the plan should be designed depending on the areas of life. For each, you need to choose one important goal and paint tasks for it.

Spheres of life

So, there are 6 main goals, but there can be many more:

self-development,
finance,
health,
family,
Job.

For each of the areas of life, you need to choose a goal that is the highest priority for you. Moreover, in order to make it much easier to complete the goals, they are divided into tasks by months or even by weeks. For example, if the goal in the field of "self-development" is to learn English, then the tasks may be the following:

Sign up for courses in English.
Get a study notebook.
Exercise at least 3 times a week for 60 minutes.
Learn the verse in English.
Write a story about yourself.

Before making a plan, you need to ask yourself in turn: what do I want to achieve in the field of work, health, and so on? The answers that come to mind, you should consider whether you really need it. So, step by step, a plan of goals will be formed.

How to properly structure goals and objectives

In order to make dreams come true as simply as possible, the formulated goals should be placed in the correct order. First, such a plan will be much easier to read. In addition, most likely, you will remember it well and will follow it. There are many ways to make a plan. Each person should do as he pleases. It is especially important that you like the plan.

For example, you can often find collage plans. In them, each goal is supported by a vivid illustration. For those who like a strict style, a plan in the form of a table is suitable. In a word, we can say that in this case the flight of fancy is limitless. It is only important that all targets are clearly visible on the plan, and they do not have to be searched for a long time with the eyes.

Separate item

In the plan, you can create another important and very necessary item. It's about about things or things that you constantly put off indefinitely. In the life of every person there are such tasks that he does not want to perform and constantly transfers them to later. It is in the plan for the year that they should take pride of place. Unresolved cases affect all areas of a person's life. They, like dirty garbage, litter the head and take away energy. Agree that from time to time you remember them, start to get nervous that you won’t do it in any way, tell yourself: “Well, that’s it, I’ll definitely do it next Monday” and forget again. The situation repeats itself with regular cyclicality, but is not solved in any way. Be sure to write down all “things like this” in your plan for the year. Allocate a specific month or day for them and do as planned.

This paragraph should also include what you have wanted to get rid of for so long. These are things that no longer bring income or people who strain with their communication. Always and in everything set priorities, then it will be easier for you to navigate: what needs to be thrown out, and what to pay attention to.

Also, very often people have plans and goals that they dream about for years, but do nothing about it. How to make a life plan for a year if there is no clear understanding of the importance of a particular dream.

In this case, it is also very important to determine whether you really need it? If the answer is no, then cross it out, forget it, and never remember it. Don't waste your time and energy on things that will never come true. If the answer is yes, be sure to write it down in the plan and implement your plan.

Monitoring progress

We have already learned how to make a plan for the year to change your life for the better. But how to check its effectiveness? Of course, in order to achieve all the goals, all this must be constantly monitored. There are two ways to do this.

Yes, you can on general plan celebrate all the successes and failures for a year. In particular, it is important to mark what has already been achieved. Then, around the middle of the year, when the fuse becomes smaller and the thought “yes, this plan can creep into your head”, you will take it and see how much you have already achieved. This will be a kind of motivation that will not allow you to take a step back.

If the plan turned out to be so beautiful that there is no desire to write anything on it, then additional ones can be drawn up. For example, one of the goals was to make purchases. So, you roughly painted what and how much you need to buy. Now take another sheet. How to make a purchasing plan for the year? Everything is very simple! Divide it into 12 months and in each write down how much and what you will need to buy. Now, when you look at the main plan and see the goal "make purchases" there, you will open the additional one and see all the details. So they don't need to be kept in mind.

Other types of plans

Planning is an amazing and fascinating thing. Any event or goal can be described to the smallest detail - this is called an algorithm. This is exactly how computers work. Interestingly, some people make plans for several years. Most often this is done by entrepreneurs and businessmen. For them, it is vital.

Making a plan for 3 years or 5 years is not difficult at all. All you need to do is to define the main goals and write tasks for them. The most difficult thing is to stick to such a plan rigorously.

It is very important that the goals in the plan correlate with the capabilities of the person. Do not confuse an unattainable dream with clearly set goals. If you are not sure that you can achieve a certain task yourself, then you should not write it down. On the sample “how to make a plan for the year”, presented above, you can see that all goals should depend only on the person himself, his desires and abilities. They have no place for other people or random events. You should always rely only on yourself.

To sum up, it can be said that it is not difficult to make a plan. To do this, you need to carefully analyze your life, draw the necessary conclusions and write them down in the form of a table or list.

The plan is a logically connected, consistent list of the main thoughts of the author. The systematization of textual material not only facilitates memorization and work with it, but also helps to understand the meaning and purpose of writing, to highlight the main thoughts put into the text by the author.
Basic requirements for a complex plan:

structuredness - the plan must correspond to the structure of the text, have a beginning and a conclusion;
competent wording of thoughts - the title of paragraphs and subparagraphs should reflect or complement the main topic, not overlap or duplicate each other;
informative - the title should contain necessary information for later playback, do not be too general;
sequence - each paragraph or subparagraph follows from the previous one, without violating the logic and integrity of the presentation of thoughts.

The procedure for drawing up a complex plan

When drawing up a complex plan, it is necessary to pay attention to the paragraphs and the most vivid images described by the author - focusing on them helps to facilitate the process of completing this work:

read the text, identify the main topic;
highlight the main semantic text parts and title them - they will become points of the plan;
among the large semantic parts, highlight the thoughts invested by the author, and also title them - these are subparagraphs. Each paragraph must contain at least two subparagraphs;
check the wording of the titles of paragraphs and subparagraphs - they should not be excerpts from sentences, but headings formulated independently for the semantic parts of the text material;
check whether the plan reveals the main idea of the text and displays its structure.

For example, one of the options for the plan on the topic "Feudal fragmentation of Rus'":
1. Reasons for the emergence of feudal fragmentation;
a) socio-economic reasons;
b) political reasons.
2. The development of Rus' in a period of fragmentation;
a) the specifics of the development of Russian principalities;
b) the culture of the fragmentation period;
c) the fight against foreign invaders.
3. Consequences of feudal fragmentation.

The text plan is drawn up not only in schools, but also in universities. Sometimes it is necessary for speakers to draw up a text plan before a speech, scientists, when writing abstracts of articles. They write both plans for finished texts, for example, excerpts of prose, and those that have yet to be created. At school, they are taught to correctly highlight the main thing in the text, to briefly draw up a plan, since this is necessary for students in the process of writing summaries and essays. It is with the preparation of the plan that they also begin work on an essay, term paper or thesis. It is best to write down the plan on paper rather than keep it in your head. Perceiving the structure of the future text visually, you will quickly find shortcomings in it, you will be able to supplement it. Drawing up a plan can significantly facilitate the memorization of voluminous materials. When preparing for exams, it is good to plan answers to questions, briefly reflecting all the main theses there. It will be much easier to repeat materials this way. With the preparation of the plan, they begin writing an essay, a report. It is important to follow simple recommendations, follow the instructions, then you can easily plan the text correctly.

We plan the text correctly and accurately. Helpful Hints

Before drawing up a plan, be sure to carefully read the text twice. Read slowly, don't rush, and don't get carried away by the story line or interesting descriptions. Now your task is to carefully study the text, objectively highlight the main thing in it, trace the logic of the narrative and the connection of sentences and paragraphs.
Please note that the smallest details should not escape you. Even if something seemed insignificant to you, do not rush to exclude the fragment. Usually, very informative, capacious and concise texts are given for presentation. Do not skip words, phrases if their meaning is not entirely clear to you. It is better to consult a dictionary and clarify any unclear points.
After reading the text, determine its main idea, theme. The idea, or main idea, determines why the text was created. The topic is what the text is about. Write down the theme and idea. Think about which fragments are most important for their disclosure and highlight in the text with a pencil. In the future, when drawing up a plan, pay special attention to these parts of the text.
There are different types of text plans. The choice of type largely depends on the volume of the text, the purpose of writing the plan.
- Thesis plan is a brief reflection of the main essence of the text in the form of short sentences. Each sentence contains the main idea of a part of the text. Abstracts are well suited for memorizing small amounts of information. You can use them when you are learning some material: first study it, then write down the thesis, and then look through the abstracts and remember all the information. They also write down the main content of scientific reports, articles. Abstracts in this case should not be fragmentary, reminiscent of a listing point by point: they are linked together, drawn up as a coherent, logical text.
- Simple Plan is a list of key points. Often it consists of nominal sentences, rather concise. A simple plan is often used by speakers, lecturers, since it is he who is most suitable for reflecting the key points of an already well-known text. You will be able to refer to such a plan so that you give information consistently, do not miss anything, and state the main material in your own words. If you plan the text correctly, it will provide a good, connected and logical speech.
- complex plan the text most often needs to be compiled in the classroom at school, working on essays and presentations. The possibilities of a simple plan in such cases are not enough, since the student needs not only to briefly outline the most basic points, but also to supplement them, divide them into sub-points, and reveal their content in more detail.
When you learn to write an outline, try to practice writing both short, simple, and extended complex outlines. All types of plans are effective in their own way. It is better first of all to master the writing of a complex plan in order to be able to clearly and consistently reflect the key points in it, the structure of the text, without missing or confusing anything.
If this is your first time planning a text, you can use the most in a simple way. Pay attention to dividing your text into paragraphs. Briefly highlight the main idea of each paragraph. Write them down sequentially, point by point. Here is a formal outline of the text. Of course, paragraphs do not always reflect the semantic division of the text. Consider which points can be combined and which can be divided. Often volume can suggest the right decision: large paragraphs usually include several main thoughts, and small ones lend themselves to being combined into a single semantic fragment. Watch the content and do not try to reduce or increase the number of points in your plan as much as possible. The main thing is that it reflects the essence of the text well.
After determining the topic and idea of the text, choosing the type of plan (it is better to stop at the detailed view), proceed directly to drawing up your plan for a specific text. Divide the entire text into main semantic parts. It is very convenient to use a thin pencil, making neat notes directly in the text, in order to erase them later. If your text is very voluminous, and you want to outline it for better memorization of information, make abstracts, use paper bookmarks, separating large semantic fragments with them. Remember that each correctly highlighted part will have its own main idea.
Try to name all the parts you find as accurately as possible and do not forget to mark their boundaries so that later they are not shifted and confused with each other.
Write down all the points of your plan on a piece of paper. Evaluate how consistently and logically they reflect the semantic content of the text, correspond to its idea and theme. Be sure to remember the main mistakes that are made when drawing up a plan, and try to avoid them:
- the logic of the narrative is often violated;
- the points of the plan “layer”, exclude each other (this happens when the boundaries of semantic fragments accidentally shifted during the analysis);
- the plan does not correspond to the theme of the text, its main idea (most likely, this indicates that the person failed to correctly highlight the main thing, was distracted by secondary information, details);
- there is no introductory and final part;
- the points of the plan are not well disclosed, written down too briefly and do not give an idea of the text;
- paragraphs are too voluminous, already reminiscent of the presentation of the text;
- paragraphs are disproportionate: some are very brief, while some are detailed, voluminous.
If you have a list of these common mistakes in front of you, you will be able to more successfully avoid them, plan the text correctly and accurately.
Reread your plan and compare it with the text again. IN good plan there should be an introduction and conclusion, it reflects the sequence of presentation of the text, all key points, theme and idea. The wording in right plan accurate, and each title is original. Avoid details, clarifications, details, do not let descriptions, author's digressions take you away from the main idea of the text.

How to plan the text correctly? Step-by-step instruction
Use this algorithm to correctly plan the text.

Read the text carefully at least twice. Get into the content.
Highlight the main topic and idea of the text.
Divide the text into semantic parts. Carefully highlight them by marking the boundaries.
Find keywords and phrases in each part, underline them.
Determine the main idea of each semantic fragment and title it.
Write down all your headings paragraph by paragraph in a draft. If necessary, make clarifications, highlight subparagraphs, make the plan more detailed and detailed.
Check your plan again with the text. Do not forget about common mistakes, try to avoid them.
Headings should be concise, most accurately express the author's idea. The plan should consistently recreate the content of the text. Follow the logical connections. It is important that the plan matches the theme and idea of the text.
Correct all the shortcomings that you found in the plan, supplement it, reduce places that are not so important for main idea text.
Carefully rewrite your outline of the text in a clean copy.

To correctly plan the text, follow the tips, do not forget about possible mistakes, carefully check your plan and compare it with the text, work according to the instructions.