Internal affairs bodies in modern conditions. Internal Affairs Bodies in the Mechanism of the State

professional training expert competence

The scale of the reforms being carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation of the law enforcement system of the Russian Federation, in particular the internal affairs bodies - the police, also required a qualitative improvement in the image of the modern Russian policeman. At present, police officers are required to take great responsibility and professionalism in solving their tasks, the main of which is the fulfillment of the requirements public policy, federal legislation and departmental regulations, as well as the Directive of the Minister of Internal Affairs aimed at ensuring the protection of public order, observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens. The solution of such operational and service tasks is associated with the training of high-level professionals who are fluent in general legal and special knowledge.

In the process of reforming the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and reducing the total staffing level, the requirements for the level of professionalism of police officers are increasing. It is necessary to qualitatively form a new format of thinking, consciousness and professional culture among police officers, to train them in the forms and methods of work in modern conditions

The selection, training and use of personnel for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is an important part of the activity aimed at strengthening the rule of law in the state, improving the security of the population and developing a legal culture. The solution of this problem includes ministries and departments, scientific and educational establishments, as well as territorial bodies of the internal, acting as "customers" for the training of specialists with higher education. As part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, there are educational organizations that train specialists of various profiles for the recruitment of departments of internal affairs bodies. The system of higher educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia owns a sufficient number of educational organizations with branches, a good material base, has rich history its formation and development.

Improving the level and quality of teaching is of particular importance in the personal and professional vector of cadets, which will help cadets of higher educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to build up the necessary professional knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as determine the further service of graduates in specific units of territorial internal affairs bodies.

Thus, the created model of a modern police professional becomes a kind of tool for solving important operational and service tasks facing the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The starting point for achieving the goals of training specialists in departmental educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia can be the content of work programs, plans and methods used for teaching cadets. In this process, we lay down the qualification requirements for a specialist, which, in particular, define the job duties of the employee, the main nature of the activity, list what the employee should know, be able to and what personal qualities have.

In order to make timely changes to existing work programs, it is necessary to monitor the operational and service activities of a graduate of an educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia during the first three years. These events as feedback» enable control over vocational training staffing.

In order to successfully form a new image of a modern police officer, as it seems to me, it is necessary:

• - to expand the cooperation of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the territorial bodies of internal affairs, in order to improve the training of personnel;
• - for the educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to fix the basic components of the internal affairs bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• - improve the system for selecting candidates for training in departmental educational institutions, training specialists and ensuring unconditional observance of the specialization of graduates of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the further service in the territorial internal affairs bodies;
• - to strengthen the links between the departmental science of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the practice of territorial internal affairs bodies.

The result of high-quality training of professionals for internal affairs bodies in modern conditions will contribute to the organization of operational and service activities of territorial police departments at the proper level, optimization of the process of making managerial decisions on organizing the protection of public order and combating crime.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia had to act in a difficult economic and political environment, which led to a sharp increase in crime and ethnic conflicts, which posed a threat to the existence of Russian statehood as such. Keeping basically the same structure, the ministry was freed from a number of previously performed functions, which were transferred to other management bodies (the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Justice, the Migration Service, etc.). Its employees took part in the development of the Administrative, Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes, regulations and instructions necessary in the new environment; carried out military service to restore constitutional order in Chechnya. The formation of the legal foundations for the activities of the police in post-Soviet Russia was carried out on the principles of respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens, legality, humanism and publicity, embedded in the concept of the rule of law.

The challenges and threats of the 21st century have set new responsible tasks for the internal affairs bodies. In the context of the increasing complexity of the social structure of society and the growing threat of international terrorism, the need for reform of the internal affairs bodies became obvious. In the course of the reform launched in 2011, the police was revived in a qualitatively new form - both in form and content as an organ of a democratic, legal, social state.

The police is one of the oldest and integral institutions of the state, playing a major role in ensuring the internal security of any country. In this regard, one of the important measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the activities of executive authorities in the Russian Federation was the adoption of the Federal Law "On Police".

The Law “On Militia”, adopted in 1991, in modern conditions, in many respects, did not reflect the needs of modern society. As the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev, “law enforcement agencies in our country have been called the police since the time of the October Revolution. Thus, their national or worker-peasant character was emphasized, bearing in mind that, in fact, these are warriors in uniform. We need professional people, we need employees who work efficiently, honestly, and smoothly. Therefore, the time has come to return the police to its former name.

In addition, in recent times, the police have significantly differed from the one that was created back in the Soviet period. To a greater extent, she performed the functions of the police, but remained overloaded with a number of tasks that were not characteristic of the police of foreign states. There was a need to create an effective body of state power, carrying out in the conditions of modern realities precisely police functions, which was the need to develop and adopt a new regulatory act regulating its activities - the Federal Law "On Police".

The reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia should be considered in the context of the ongoing administrative reform of 2003. She determined the structure, topical issues of the functioning of executive authorities, set the direction for their further transformation. Although individual, including significant, changes occur constantly, a reform can be considered such changes that lead to significant transformations in the characteristics of the object being reformed and the corresponding social relations. In this case, the reform consisted in the systematic implementation of the tasks of reducing state functions, structures and personnel, increasing the efficiency of the activities of state bodies, understood as the simplification (minimization) of the relationship between state bodies and citizens.

Administrative reform can be defined as a process of revising the functions of the executive branch, consolidating the necessary and abolishing redundant functions, creating an adequate structure and system of the executive branch, as well as institutional changes in the system. government controlled. The purpose of the reform is to create a system for the efficient execution of state functions, ensuring high rates of economic growth and social development.

The organizational and legal basis of the ongoing administrative reform was Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 314 dated March 9, 2004 “On the system and structure of federal executive bodies”, by which the federal executive bodies were divided (depending on the functions performed) into 3 types - ministries (the main task - development of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the relevant area), federal services (the main task is law enforcement, the exercise of control powers in the relevant area) and federal agencies, as well as a list of these bodies.

At the end of 2009, the turn came to reforming the police - after a series of high-profile incidents involving police officers, a common understanding was formed of the need for fundamental changes in this structure.

Such a long postponement of the reform of the internal affairs bodies seems to be due to the fact that the reorganization should have simultaneously affected a single structure with more than 1 million employees, for which there were neither organizational, nor programmatic, nor financial resources. At the same time, the beginning of the reform was facilitated by the experience of a real reorganization of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 2008-2009, during which significant cuts were also made personnel and structural changes.

The reasons for the reform of the internal affairs bodies were set out in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2009 No. 1468 “On measures to improve the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation” - “Recently, cases of violations of the rule of law and official discipline by police officers have become more frequent, which cause justified negative reaction in society and diminish the authority of the authorities. The existing structure of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, the organization of their activities, the personnel, financial, material and technical support of the police do not meet modern requirements and need to be modernized.”

A number of legal aspects in the field of relations "police - citizens" require, on the one hand, the addition of existing legal guarantees in respect of human and civil rights, on the other hand, the construction of new legal mechanisms and means to ensure the effective operation of law enforcement agencies as a capable public law enforcement structure. authorities.

An important aspect here is that in recent years, the regulation of the activities of the police has been increasingly carried out in addition to the basic Law. As a result, its powers and especially duties were dispersed over a significant number of often competing regulatory legal acts. This, on the one hand, began to complicate law enforcement, on the other hand, it gave rise to an unjustified expansion of the "police presence" in the life of society. And as a result, unusual and redundant functions were assigned to the police.

So, by the onset of the second decade of the XXI century. The most preferred form of solving the problems that have arisen was not the introduction of regular amendments to the current Law "On the Police" and not its presentation in a fresh edition, but the development and publication of a new federal law.

As part of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated February 18, 2010 No. 208 "On some measures to reform the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation", the modernization of the Russian police system began.

In general, it must be said that the creation of the police is objectively caused by the urgent need for a large-scale reform of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, which, among other things, involves the integration of Russia into the world police community, and, it seems, will have a positive impact on the activities of the entire system of law enforcement agencies in Russia.

In many ways, the starting stage of work on the Federal Law "On Police" was the meeting held on August 6, 2010 under the President of the Russian Federation, at which the head of state proposed to transform the police into police and, taking into account this innovation, to develop a draft Federal Law "On Police".

The purpose of the development of the bill is to ensure a comprehensive modernization of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the police, aimed at bringing it into line with new social relations, increasing the efficiency of the mechanism of legal regulation, concentrating the main police activities on the tasks of combating crime and ensuring public order, as well as eliminating duplicative, redundant and non-police functions.

The following conceptual ideas formed the basis for the development of doctrinal provisions for the prospects for the organizational and legal construction of a modern and effective police force in Russia.

Firstly, the release of the newly created police from the performance of functions unusual for it, assigned at one time to the police.

Secondly, giving the police, as a state structure, organizational integrity and consistency, taking into account the peculiarities of building the executive power of a federal state. It's about on the creation of a federal police funded from the federal budget.

Thirdly, the organizational and legal differentiation of the state police and municipal public order bodies, taking into account the processes and problems of development in the Russian Federation local government, as well as the fact that Article 132 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation refers to the powers of local governments to protect public order.

In addition, one of the goals of preparing the draft Federal Law "On Police" was to address issues of legal and social protection state police officers.

The decision to rename implied profound changes in the nature and activities of the police, updating the content of its work. The rights and freedoms of citizens are at the forefront. Their protection and observance are the main goal of the police, it is the population that must evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of its activities.

Until recently, the legal regulation of public relations related to the police was quite difficult, especially for citizens to understand. It was carried out by a multifaceted system of legislative and other normative acts. In general, at the federal level, these are more than one thousand laws, decrees of the President and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, about ten thousand departmental documents.

This circumstance, undoubtedly, was taken into account when working on the Federal Law "On Police", when the following were taken into account:

firstly, the principles and approaches to the modernization of Russia, formulated in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of November 12, 2009;

secondly, the transformations that are being carried out in the law enforcement sphere;

thirdly, the achievements of science, domestic and Foreign experience functioning of police institutions.

In addition, international experience was taken into account. Foreign, interstate practice is more than important, since, being members of Interpol, an international police organization, we could not exist in isolation and simply had to use the existing experience of international cooperation.

In this regard, the Federal Law "On the Police" dated February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ adapted a positive experience foreign countries in the field of building police institutions, as well as the norms of a number of international documents related to law enforcement: the Code of Conduct officials on maintaining law and order, the International Code of Conduct for Public Officials, the Declaration on the Police, the European Code of Police Ethics, the General Standards for Combating Corruption in Police Departments and Bodies, etc.

The Law "On Police" is aimed at creating the legal foundations for the organization and activities of the police in the Russian Federation in accordance with the new social realities.

It is based on several conceptual ideas:

First, fixing the law enforcement purpose of the police in society;

Secondly, the idea of ​​humanizing the forms and methods of police work was reflected;

Thirdly, the Law establishes a new, partnership model of relations between the police and society, which implies not the dominant power over it, but serving it and focusing on cooperation with civil society institutions and citizens;

Fourth. The law proceeds from the need to unconditionally ensure the rights of citizens and organizations in the activities of the police, to establish effective guarantees for the legality of its activities;

The next fundamental idea of ​​the Law is to increase the requirements for police officers, the effectiveness of their activities 4

Sixth. The law strengthens the anti-corruption component in the work of the police, in which it is important to exclude as much as possible the very possibility of bribery, bribery and other manifestations of corruption.

The law "On Police" proceeds, and this is the next conceptual idea, from the organizational unity of the police and internal affairs bodies.

Eighth. The police are moving to federal budget funding.

Ninth. The law is distinguished by a more advanced legal technique. The new law will become more user-friendly due to its complexity.

At the same time, according to a survey conducted by VTsIOM on August 14-15, 2010, 63 percent of Russians believed that renaming the police to the police would not change anything, and everything would remain the same in the work of the department.

In general, the new Law was a continuation of the policy opposite to that which was carried out in the 2002 reform, that is, even greater centralization. The institutes of the public security militia and criminal militia have been abolished. Unlike the police, which are partially subordinate to the authorities of the subject of the federation, the police are not connected with the subject of the federation (according to the bill).

About 5 million people took part in the online discussion of the draft law “On Police”, which is unique for Russia. As a result, the bill, compared to its original form, has undergone significant changes related to the powers of the new structure. In particular, provisions were excluded that the police could freely enter the premises of citizens, land plots belonging to them, territories, land plots and premises occupied by public associations and organizations, as well as the “presumption of legality” of the police that caused the most criticism ( “The demands of a police officer addressed to citizens and officials, and the actions taken by him are considered legal until otherwise established in the manner prescribed by law), although, according to opposition politicians, this wording was only veiled, and not excluded.

Despite criticism from certain sections of society and a number of opposition political parties, the bill was adopted in the first reading on December 10, 2010. On Friday, January 28, 2011, the State Duma adopted the draft law "On Police" in the final third reading. Only United Russia voted for the adoption of the law - 315 deputies supported the law, 130 voted against, there were no abstentions.

It was originally planned that the new law would come into force as early as January 2011, but officially the police in Russia were revived again on March 1, 2011.

However, the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which was initiated by Dmitry Medvedev during his tenure as president of Russia, did not satisfy either society or experts.

During the reform, the number of employees of the internal affairs bodies was reduced by 22%. The administrative apparatus has undergone the greatest reduction. Social guarantees and monetary allowances for police officers were significantly increased.

According to VTsIOM surveys, the level of trust in the internal affairs bodies in matters of ensuring personal and property security increased from 33% in 2009 to 52% in 2011.

On October 12, 2012, Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev said that the results obtained in the first stage of the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were insufficient and "did not fully meet the expectations of citizens." As Kolokoltsev noted, a number of problems still need to be addressed. He referred to these as the "stick system", a system for recording reports of crimes and a system for evaluating the effectiveness of police work.

In October 2013, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs described the negative consequences of the reform: first of all, the reduction of the police staff by 22 percent, the closure of a number of specialized educational institutions, which reduced the quality of police training, and the failure to recertify its employees.

On June 24, 2013, at the traditional annual meeting of regional Russian ombudsmen, First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs Alexander Gorovoy announced the imperfection of the current Law on Police.

The Police Law Monitoring Working Group will start considering specific initiatives in July. According to Gorovoy, there are a number of hasty decisions made during the time of Rashid Nurgaliyev, in particular, in the organizational area. He noted that there were "certain mistakes made in the development of a new scheme for the placement of territorial bodies." As a result of the reform, the Ministry of Internal Affairs remained "the only federal executive body that has liquidated district administrations and departments in the capitals of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation." "A single territorial body has been created - the police department, and the police departments have lost the status of a legal entity," Gorovoy explained. In similar structures in the departments of the Investigative Committee, the prosecutor's office, the tax authorities, which were not affected by the reform, similar structures have been preserved.

At the first meeting of the working group, specific proposals for counter-reforming the police were discussed. There are more than 100 such initiatives. About 80 proposals for improving the Law on Police came from the regions.

An expanded working group of experts, formed under the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, prepared proposals for further reform of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Calling this document "Roadmap".

The Roadmap aims to make the Russian police a state institution enjoying high public confidence and capable of adequately responding to the threats and challenges of the 21st century. This process requires time and coordinated efforts of the entire system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, many state bodies and society. At the same time, it is proposed to define work with personnel as the main link in the further reform of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, considered primarily from the standpoint of consolidating the professional personnel core of the police, cleared of corrupt officials, violators of discipline and people random for the police.

The reform of the internal affairs bodies should ensure the real introduction into law enforcement practice of the most advanced achievements of science and technology, including the latest information technologies.

Mandatory conditions for organizing the work of the police will be openness, reliance on the population, effective management and optimization of law enforcement, ensuring proper internal and external interaction, reasonable resource savings.

The police are obliged to promptly respond to all statements and reports of crimes and other offenses, quickly and efficiently resolve other issues within their competence, implementing the full range of law enforcement services.

This is the only way to gain and retain the trust and respect of the general public.

It is proposed to reform the internal affairs bodies in the following areas:

1. Improving personnel professionalism and cleansing from corruption.

2. Openness and trust.

3. Improvement of the management system and optimization of the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs.

4. Availability of law enforcement assistance.

5. Prevention of crime and an adequate response to new challenges and threats.

Conclusion: An expanded working group of experts, formed under the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, prepared proposals for further reform of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Calling this document "Roadmap". The Roadmap aims to make the Russian police a state institution enjoying high public confidence and capable of adequately responding to the threats and challenges of the 21st century.

The main tasks of the ATS

• 1. Ensuring the security of the person on the territory municipality;
• 2. prevention and suppression of crimes and administrative offenses on the territory of the municipality;
• 3. detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes;
• 4. protection of public order and ensuring public safety on the territory of the municipality;
• 5. participation in ensuring road safety on the territory of the municipality;
• 6. participation in the organization on the territory of the municipality of the protection of property of individuals and legal entities under contracts;
• 7. providing, within the competence of the internal affairs bodies, assistance to individuals and legal entities in protection of their rights and legitimate interests;
• 8. consideration and resolution of written and oral appeals of citizens.

Under any socio-political system, regime of power, the internal affairs bodies, no matter how they are called, performed, among others, general tasks: the protection of public order, public safety, and the fight against crime.

One of the tasks is to optimize the management of internal affairs bodies. The administrative vertical in each subject of the Federation should be closed to one leader who takes responsibility for the state of affairs in the entrusted administrative territory. The second is the strengthening of accounting and registration discipline, and the third is a set of measures to increase the authority of the police and trust in it among the population.

At present, the improvement of the management of city railroad authorities is carried out in the following areas.

• 1. Clear setting of goals, objectives, identification of priority areas of activity.
• 2. Differentiated delimitation of powers and responsibilities for the management of subordinate units by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, the Internal Affairs Directorate, the constituent entities of the Federation, and the city district authorities.
• 3. The optimal ratio of the beginnings of centralization and decentralization in the management of ATS.
• 4. Strengthening the legal foundations for the organization and functioning of the police department.
• 5. Optimization organizational forms construction of the Department of Internal Affairs, expansion of the rights of ministers, chiefs of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, Department of Internal Affairs, city district authorities to adjust organizational structures and redistribute staffing.
• 6. Improvement of management processes.
• 7. Building a reliable system information support all links of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, especially the lower level, providing financial and material and technical resources in accordance with the standards.
• 8. Maximum use of positively proven forms and methods of operational, service, organizational activities.
• 9. Improving the style and methods of management.

At present, many priorities of the state-legal policy are radically changing in Russia, including those that determine the role and significance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, primarily as a repressive and punitive body, there is a process of reorientation of law enforcement agencies towards social service society. Varguzova A.A. Administrative and legal regulation of the activities of internal affairs bodies in the field of ensuring public security of the Russian Federation: Monograph. M., 2007.

The law enforcement policy of the Russian state is aimed at improving the fundamental areas of law enforcement. When determining its content, Russian legislators proceed from the most modern methods of organizing the entire system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It should be noted that generally recognized international standards are taken into account.

Thanks to the measures taken, a single centralized vertical of control has been restored in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, disunity and unreasonable duplication in the work of various services and departments of internal affairs bodies, both at the federal and regional levels, have been eliminated. The ministry is consolidating, getting rid of structural redundancy and imbalance. The staffing of the service is being strengthened.

In accordance with the current legislation, the local administration, within its competence, manages the internal affairs bodies and, with their help, ensures the protection of public order in the territory under its jurisdiction.

Public order is maintained by the local administration using the forces of the public security police (local police). The local police is part of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and operates at the local level as an independent unit of the relevant internal affairs body. In its activities, it is subordinate to the relevant body of internal affairs, as well as local governments within their competence.

The apparatus of the public security police includes various services and divisions: duty units, divisions of the patrol service (including detachments of the special police, the state automobile inspection, district inspectors, isolation wards for the temporary detention of detainees and persons taken into custody, special administrative arrests). It also includes units for the protection of objects under contracts, protection and escort, detained and arrested, licensing and permitting work and control over private detective and security activities, for the implementation of administrative legislation, for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, for the disclosure of crimes, in cases of which the proceedings preliminary investigation is not necessary, specialized units of inquiry, as well as other units and services necessary for the successful solution of the tasks facing it.

Within its competence, it has the right to receive from citizens and officials the necessary explanations, information, certificates and documents, to call them on cases and materials that are in the production of the police.

In accordance with the law, the police have the right to detain persons who have committed administrative offenses, draw up protocols on offenses and, within their competence, impose administrative penalties on the perpetrators; carry out the necessary criminal procedure actions in accordance with the law.

Based on the analysis of the causes and conditions for the commission of various kinds of offenses, the police have the right to submit to state authorities, public associations, enterprises, institutions and organizations, submissions and proposals to eliminate the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of offenses that are mandatory for consideration.

In the process of ensuring the protection of public order and public safety, the police have the right to detain and detain persons suspected of committing crimes evading the execution of criminal punishment and administrative arrest; military personnel suspected of committing a crime or administrative offense, until they are handed over to military patrols, the military commandant, commanders of military units or military commissars.

When performing their duties, police officers have the right to freely enter residential and other premises of citizens, to land plots belonging to them, to the territory and premises of enterprises, institutions and organizations and to inspect them when pursuing persons suspected of committing a crime. This right can also be used if there are sufficiently serious data that a crime has been committed or is being committed in the named premises and territories, an accident has occurred, as well as for the personal safety of citizens and public safety in case of natural disasters, catastrophes, etc. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that in all cases when the entry into the dwelling was carried out by police officers against the will of citizens living in it, the police are obliged to notify the prosecutor of the actions committed by it within 24 hours.

For travel to the place of a natural disaster, delivery to medical institutions of citizens in need of urgent medical care, prosecution of persons who have committed crimes, etc., the police have the right to use vehicles of enterprises, institutions, organizations, public associations and citizens, except for vehicles belonging to diplomatic, consular and other representations of foreign states, international organizations and special vehicles.

In cases prescribed by law, the police have the right to use physical force, as well as special means(rubber sticks, tear gas, handcuffs, light and sound distractions, obstacle destruction, forced traffic stop, water cannons and armored vehicles, special coloring agents, service dogs).

In the list of police rights, a special place is occupied by the right of its employees to use firearms. This right is used by police officers to protect citizens from an attack that is dangerous to their life or health; in case of repelling an attack on a police officer, when his life or health is in real danger; to free the hostages; to prevent escape from custody and in other cases strictly stipulated in the Law of the RSFSR "On the Police".

Service in the police has its own characteristics arising from the specifics of its tasks and activities. With this in mind, the procedure and conditions for serving in the police are regulated by the Regulations on Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation.

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Federal, state, government educational institution higher professional education

"Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation"

Course work

By discipline: "Management of administrative activities of city, district, linear Internal Affairs Bodies"

On the topic: "Goals and objectives of management in the internal affairs bodies in modern conditions"

Omsk, 2014

Introduction

Chapter 1. Basic methods in the ATS control system

1.1 Basics of management in ATS units

1.2 Planning as the basis of ATS organization

Chapter 2

2.1 Risk factors in IAB activities

2.2 Social problems of ATS organization

Chapter 3

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

One of the main ATS tasks is the regulation of civil conflicts. The social and political situation in the country depends on the success of this function. The activities of the Department of Internal Affairs affect the most extensive aspects and areas of public relations.

Citizen - priority subject of administrative law. The meaning of the executive, legislative and constitutional activities is the observance of his rights and freedoms, or their restriction in case of non-fulfillment or non-compliance with the requirements established by law. The constitutional principle of the priority of the rights and freedoms of a citizen is the basis of public service. The administrative and legal status of a citizen of the Russian Federation is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in the Law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation" and in other legislative acts. All citizens who are on the territory of the Russian Federation, in case of violation of the current legislation, fall under the jurisdiction of government bodies.

Administrative and legal status of a citizen is a set of rights and obligations of citizens, enshrined in the norms of administrative law, as well as guarantees for the implementation of these rights and obligations. In case of violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation, other citizens or private individuals, these persons are subject to administrative detention police officers(of the Internal Affairs Bodies), followed by recovery in the form of material compensation, or imprisonment for a period established by law. Varguzova A.A. Administrative and legal regulation of the activities of internal affairs bodies in the field of ensuring public security of the Russian Federation: Monograph. M., 2007.

Internal affairs bodies (ATS ). The main governing body in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. The internal affairs bodies (OVD) are subordinate to the ATC. There are several types of ATS: territorial (OVD of a district, city of regional subordination of the ROVD or GOVD), in this case, manages all activities to ensure law and order within the competence of the internal affairs bodies within the administrative territory; functional: for example, the Criminal Investigation Department of the Internal Affairs Directorate. On the basis of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, current organizational and legal norms and management activities of the Internal Affairs Bodies (OVD) are being built.

Organs internal affairs or Organs By police - territorial (less often - functional) division within the bodies or departments of internal affairs. .. Girko SI Scientific bases for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of internal affairs bodies to ensure public safety // Administrative law and process. - 2007. - N 5.

The structure of the Russian police department was developed a long time ago and has always occupied significant place in the government system. From the very beginning of its formation, it had a significant impact on the socio-political situation in the country. We can safely say that this organization is currently a very important subject of socio-political development.

The Department of Internal Affairs of Russia is constantly under close scrutiny of political power structures, ordinary citizens and the public, since the Department of Internal Affairs has significant capabilities and rights to resolve public and civil conflicts. Also, the scope of the ATS activities includes the design of a public security system and ensuring its effective functioning, as well as the fact that in modern realities, the ATS of Russia is one of the leading structures of crisis and anti-crisis management.

The issues dealt with by this structure are very extensive and varied. These include not only the regulation and resolution of public and civil conflicts, but also the security of citizens and their property, the strength of the entire state system, the stability of the economy, and the inviolability of the legal foundations of society and the state depend on the results of their activities. At the moment, a lot of techniques and methods have been used to collect and process information about social objects of management. Among them, the methods of collecting information include: interviewing, questioning, studying documents (work plans, personal plans of employees, minutes of meetings and meetings, personal files, letters and proposals from citizens, periodicals, etc.), observations; self-observation, experiments and some others.

Sociological research and collection of information can be useful for analyzing the current economic, ideological, political, religious and worldview features that affect the increase or decrease in the growth of crime in the country. Also, through this analysis, it is possible to identify problem areas in the field of management in state law enforcement agencies. One of them is the ATS. Based on the conducted research, it is possible to identify problem areas and make changes to the management structure, making it more perfect.

The consequences of the above miscalculations are: the weakening of legal control over the situation in the country, the merging of the executive and legislative authorities with criminal elements and structures, their penetration into the sphere of banking business management, large industries, trade organizations and distribution networks.

Goals: In this work, the structure of the Internal Affairs Bodies, methods and analysis of the work of these governing bodies is taken as a basis.

Tasks: In the course of the work, the following tasks were set: to consider modern methods of internal affairs management, to analyze its structure and modern methods of resolving conflict circumstances.

Object of study: Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Subject of study: Basic methods and structure of ATS management.

Chapter 1. Basic methods in the ATS control system

1.1 Fundamentals of management in the internal affairs bodies

The competence of the governing body includes the totality of its legal status, competencies, as well as the functions performed by him. This circumstance is reflected in the governing bodies and its separate links. Regulations on its individual links are instructions on the activities of the governing body and officials.

In relation to the field of management, the objectives of rule-making activities are as follows:

a) legally consolidate the relevant relations and ensure their legal regulation;

b) ensure the formation of new relationships that are absent on this stage, but necessary from the point of view of the implementation of promising tasks;

c) liquidate relations and sanctions that have become obsolete and hinder the development of new progressive tendencies.

The legal status and competence of the governing body resolve issues of public administration and the activities of the state apparatus.

The reason for the relevance of the problem of organizational improvement of the internal affairs bodies is the change in socio-economic relationships and ideological and ideological foundations that affect the growth of crime.

Management principles play an important role in the management of social systems. Management principles primarily characterize the display of an objective regularity management activities, its focus, trends and main goals. The principles of management activity are formed with the help of logical consideration conflict situations are of an objective nature. They are characterized by the laws of management activity, its direction, main goals and development trends. It is worth noting that the principles of management are by their nature quite subjective, since they are a reflection of people's views on sufficient, empirical and relative factors, which in turn are characterized by a certain periodicity and inconstancy. The dependence and structure of the principles is a reflection of real logical factors, but may vary depending on the socio-economic relationships and religious and ideological views of the public that affect the growth of crime. One pattern can form the basis or participate in the formation of a number of principles, therefore the principles and patterns are different.

The principles of management are: objectivity, specificity of goals, tasks and functions, efficiency, stimulation, relevance (not only the priority of the problem, but also the availability of forces and means capable of resolving them), a systematic approach, territorial and sectoral, optimality, etc.

TO organizational principles management should include:

the principle of differentiation and fixation of functions and powers (competence of the body and official);

the principle of responsibility of officials and bodies;

the principle of combining sectoral and territorial principles in management;

the principle of combining linear and functional principles in management;

combination of collegiality with unity of command in decision-making.

After analyzing the principles of management, the process of formulating the goal should be considered a very important circumstance. From point of view general theory management, any management process begins with the formulation of goals, that is, the determination of the result, such a state of the management object, to achieve which the subject of management strives. Under this circumstance, consideration of intermediate and final stages is considered very important.

The goals of management are determined by the requirements of the laws of economic and social development, as well as the characteristics of a particular environment and are an objective fact. But again, we come to the fact that management goals are also put forward by people, depending on current circumstances. Therefore, the subjective factor always matters. It is the people who embody the will of the subject who form tasks, set goals and rely on the principles and current circumstances, determine the content of the main types of management activities (functions), select management methods, organizational structures, recruit personnel, etc. Only a competent approach, employees managerial organizational activity is a decisive factor in the construction of goals and objectives.

The ability to correctly determine not only long-term, but also immediate goals, determine the order of tasks for the implementation of goals determine the flexibility and efficiency of the state administration apparatus. Goals should always be prioritized in the structure and order of management. It is necessary to clearly understand the order of their arrangement and resolution.

All goals are subordinate to each other (hierarchy of goals), general, strategic goals are specified in a variety of subgoals (branching of goals), some goals are more important, paramount than others (goal ranking).

Goals are set in a certain way, depending on their subordination, ranking and branching.

The goal ordering method has more than just theoretical aspect. It is a means of choosing the right, realistically achievable goal at any given moment. This tool should be used as a “benchmark” in establishing the achievement of goals, adjusting standards, allocating resources, etc.

The organic unity of setting goals and organizational work to achieve them at all levels and in all links of social management is decisive question in the target management approach.

The internal affairs body, as already noted, is a kind of social management system. Consider its main elements.

The control system contains the following elements:

subject of management (control system),

control object (managed subsystem),

direct and reverse links.

The specific types of activities carried out by a certain subject of management are the functions of the governing bodies, as well as its divisions or performers.

Planning presupposes the definition of goals, tasks of social systems for the forthcoming period of activity, means of their achievement and implementation. It is precisely this that is an organizational means of ensuring the planned functioning of social systems.

Planning management function lays the foundation future work taking into account various factors of development, both the system itself and the conditions of its activity. The result of the implementation of this function is the installation management decisions types of programs, directives, plans, etc. The features of the plan are:

in the complex nature of its content, which is a set of interrelated individual decisions; in its specific form and a clear definition of the calendar deadlines for the implementation of the planned activities; in the established procedure for its development.

1.2 Planning as the basis of the organization of ATS

At the moment, a very important fact in the implementation of the security activities of managing organizations is the development of long-term, current and special plans.

Long-term planning is carried out with a perspective of 5 or more years, taking into account the main directions of the social and economic development of the country and the corresponding republics. The strategic level of planning includes the development of long-term comprehensive targeted programs that provide for solving the most complex problems of combating crime, protecting public order, and improving the functioning of internal affairs bodies.

Current planning is carried out for a period of six months, a year, or several months and is carried out in determining the main tasks and directions of activity of the internal affairs bodies for the corresponding period, as well as specific organizational measures.

The general goal of the system of internal affairs bodies is the same for all its elements. The actual conditions of the activity of a particular body determine the obligatory specification of its tasks and functions, taking into account Girko S. I. Scientific bases for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of internal affairs bodies to ensure public safety // Administrative Law and Process. - 2007. - N 5. , Kurgeeva O. N. Activities of the internal affairs bodies to prevent offenses in the field of illicit trafficking in alcohol and alcoholic products// Law and law. - 2010. - N 4. for example, socio-economic, demographic and other features of the territory it serves. As a result of this specification, functional structure systems. At the same time, objectively necessary functions are specified and normatively fixed, the implementation of which by the internal affairs bodies in a changing environment ensures the achievement of their respective goals.

The formation of the organizational structure is the process of creating a system. Determination of the composition of the structural divisions of the internal affairs body, depending on the tasks performed by them specific functions. The formation of an organizational structure requires compliance with the following rule: absolutely every control element must specialize in the implementation of one function or a group of homogeneous or closely related functions (sub-functions). The strict specialization of the internal affairs bodies ensures the coordination of activities to solve common problems. The organization of the system involves the definition and formation of its links, the division of labor between them and the creation of conditions for their coordinated actions.

Management methods in the activities of the internal affairs bodies are in dialectical unity with the goals and objectives set. The goal and the tasks set determine the specifics of the use of methods, the choice of methods to a certain extent determines the reality of achieving the set goals. But if you look at this issue from the other side, then how the goals and objectives are achieved depends on the formulation of the methods by which conflicts are resolved. Methods determine the qualitative side of management, and the improvement of the management structure depends on their correct use.

To resolve conflicts, police officers use a number of effective and proven methods. To resolve public and civil conflicts, a number of methods, techniques and methods are used. Among them is the method of social management. This is a method that is carried out when the control structure acts on the control object. A control method is a method that is expressed in connection with the control action of the control subject on the control object. That is, with the direct impact of the managerial link on the team, or one citizen, a resolution method is achieved by analyzing the situation, identifying the essence of the conflict and its subsequent resolution. This technique is inherent in conflict resolution, both in the management team, and for its elimination in the environment of public relations. Management methods are alternative; in public administration, they are instruments of state policy that are used by the state apparatus to achieve political goals.

Regardless of the content and method of application, a number of characteristic features of the conflict resolution method can be distinguished, which have certain properties for them:

Individual prescription (order) or norm (rule) of behavior;

The nature of the impact (direct impact, indirect impact

By creating stimulating or restrictive conditions);

Method of influence (single, collegial, collective);

Time characteristic (short-term and long-term);

Tactical and strategic in nature.

It is important to distinguish social management methods from other concepts that are close in their significance: methods for studying management processes, methods for implementing individual management functions, methods for resolving management issues, cognitive programming methods (system analysis, operations research, modeling, organizational design, network planning).

The essence of management methods in the ATS system depends on the social nature, causes, and nature of the conflict that has arisen. The main task of the Department of Internal Affairs is the correct application of methods to achieve the work of various state, public, social, economic, defense, law enforcement structures. Girko S. I. Scientific bases for evaluating the effectiveness of internal affairs bodies in ensuring public safety // Administrative law and process. - 2007. - N 5.

Sociological management methods are characterized by individual-personal behavior. It consists in the formation of an optimal management system (organizational structure, types of control, the availability of appropriate job descriptions, etc.); proper organization of educational work; creating a favorable psychological climate in the team; creation favorable conditions labor for employees (the optimal degree of workload, rhythm, the presence of elements of creativity in labor, etc.).

According to Article 35 of the Regulations on Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation, the head of the body, along with high demands on his subordinates, is obliged to:

Create the necessary conditions for work, rest and advanced training of subordinates;

To instill in subordinates a sense of responsibility for the implementation official duties;

Ensure transparency and objectivity in assessing the performance of subordinates;

Respect the honor and dignity of subordinates;

Prevent protectionism in work with personnel, persecution of employees of internal affairs bodies for personal reasons or for criticizing shortcomings in the activities of internal affairs bodies.

For the development of the ATS management structure, first of all, social information is used, which means methods professional selection and learning. These methods, first of all, include: selection of employees with such psychological characteristics that are most appropriate for the work performed (position held); developing the necessary psychological characteristics for the successful completion of assigned tasks.

The management process does not exclude the possibility of conflicts between team members in the structure of the organization. Therefore, it is very important for the head of the department to understand the essence and cause of their occurrence and, in accordance with certain circumstances, take measures of a certain nature to regulate them, or in the case when an employee refuses to understand the reason why this conflict arose, take measures to dismiss him.

Chapter 2

2.1 Risk factors in IAB activities

The growth of negative phenomena in the social situation causes an increase in the role of the police department in Russia. The sharp increase in the criminal situation in Russia was the result of the fact that the crisis in the economy and politics could not but affect the level of public order and public safety. Weakening the system state control and management was the result of mistakes made in the reform of law enforcement, economic and military spheres of management. Also objective factors today that affect the growth of criminality and crime are: the imperfection of the legal framework and the lack of a strong state social policy, the decrease in the spiritual and moral level of society, the weakening of the system state regulation. Kurgeeva O. N. Activities of internal affairs bodies to prevent offenses in the sphere of illegal circulation of alcohol and alcoholic products // Law and Law. - 2010. - N 4.

It should be noted that many operational activities put the employee of the internal affairs bodies in a risk situation. If we analyze some of the forms of risk, we can distinguish:

1) the risk of violating the law, rights and legitimate interests of citizens during operational work (for example, during search activities to identify eyewitnesses of a crime, as well as persons suspected of committing it, citizens who are not related to the case may be mistakenly detained, but in a row external signs- traces on clothes, behavior, signs - similar to wanted persons);

2) risk in the process of using weapons - many situations of professional activity associated with the emerging possibility of exceeding the limits of necessary defense, when responsibility arises for the legitimacy of such actions of employees;

3) the risk of biased, erroneous assessment of information, making wrong decisions - a huge number of "dead" versions, misinformation skillfully presented by criminals, etc. jeopardizes not only the very fact of solving the crime, but also the prestige of the bodies of inquiry;

4) risk in the application of methods to combat those types of crime that have not yet been reflected in legislative acts - conducting dynamic, "sharp" actions in conditions of non-standard neutralization of extreme situations is fraught with the danger of violating the law, and therefore it is important that the applied risk is justified, that is, well timed, well secured and organized.

Social risks imply "a measure of the expected consequences of a certain phenomenon, the onset of which contains the likelihood of loss or restriction of economic independence and social well-being", "accounting and regulation social factors and consequences that are undesirable, socially unacceptable, threaten the life and health of people ". Borisov A.N. Powers of the police transferred from the federal bodies of the tax police // Law and Economics. - 2003. - N 10.

Risk assessment includes the determination of the probability of harm, the severity of the consequences is carried out by identifying risk factors, their intensity, the magnitude of damage. A risk factor is understood as a source of danger, loss or restriction of economic independence and social well-being of a person. The scheme for assessing social risk factors includes their ranking on the basis of qualitative and quantitative comparisons, which requires at least natural indicators that characterize the danger.

The intensity of the risk is the probability (frequency) of the realization of the danger for a given period of time, i.e. the number of cases under consideration (for example, the death of employees, diseases, etc.) per unit of time, related to the number of contingents.

The amount of damage is characterized by a list of resulting indicators that can be grouped as social and economic.

Indicators of social risk - indicators indicating its presence or likelihood of occurrence. Indicators of social risk can be both objective and subjective indicators that characterize the characteristics of professional activity and working conditions, relationships between colleagues and with potential clients (users of goods and services provided), a person’s satisfaction with the position held and the professional duties associated with it, legal security and intra-family relationships, and much more.

Social indicators of damage are indicators of mortality or consequences that cause restrictions on a person’s life, leading to a complete or partial loss of the ability to carry out self-service, education, work, movement, orientation, communication, control over one’s behavior for health reasons and (or) socio-economic circumstances. Economic indicators damage is the forced costs of a person, family, society to compensate for the consequences of the realization of a danger caused by social risk.

Social indicators help to assess the level of social protection of people, and economic indicators allow comparing the levels and significance of social risk, the possibility of minimizing damage from it.

All social risk factors for employees of internal affairs bodies can be determined using the following indicators (indicators).

1. Marital status of the employee and the nature of intra-family relations. The employee's family is "a kind of rear that ensures his work." The specifics and content of the work, as a rule, to a certain extent separates the employee from the family. If we add to this poor living conditions, lack of housing, insufficient material and financial support, etc. - in the aggregate, this can lead to an undesirable conflict in the family, its disintegration.

2. Housing and living conditions of the employee. The quality of housing and living conditions, as well as the availability of permanent housing, indirectly affects the success of employees in fulfilling their tasks. professional duties. Meanwhile, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, from 30 to 40% of employees of the internal affairs bodies are on the waiting list for improving their living conditions. For the most part, these are young specialists who have graduated from educational institutions or served in the army and currently live in dormitories, rented apartments (rooms). Approximately 10% of employees live in emergency or demolished houses.

3. Financial position employees (employee families). During the 1990s, the purchasing power of monetary allowances and pensions for employees of internal affairs bodies sharply decreased. A downward trend in the income of police officers has also been observed in recent years: the average salary of an ordinary policeman is 10,000 - 12,000 rubles, a special officer. units with the rank of senior lieutenant - about 20,000 rubles, the head of the special. units with the rank of lieutenant colonel - 25,000 rubles. Pensions and salaries of employees of the internal affairs bodies, with a 5-10-fold increase in prices across the country, increased only 2 times. With the existing burden on the internal affairs bodies, such revenues are considered meager. management internal police social

4. Working conditions. Employees of internal affairs bodies are forced to perform their professional duties without required amount special equipment and means personal protection working in unsuitable cramped spaces. The logistical support for business trips of police officers to "hot spots" is at the lowest level, almost everything you need is food, drinking water, bedding, etc. and so on. - you have to take it with you.

5. The intensity of labor. A significant increase in the intensity of work of employees can have a negative impact on the moral and psychological state of employees and the effectiveness of their professional activities. So, in recent years, the workload on the employees of the criminal investigation department has increased by 2 or more times, the work of employees of the bodies to combat economic crimes has become noticeably more complicated. A similar situation is developing in the PPS, the traffic police and other units of the criminal police and the public security police. In addition to their other duties, police officers are increasingly involved in maintaining public order (including on weekends and holidays). In the event of the departure of a number of employees to the republics of the North Caucasus, other "hot spots" to protect the constitutional order and preserve the territorial integrity of Russia, the burden on the remaining employees of the departments and subdivisions of the internal affairs bodies increases.

6. The level of physical fitness and health status of employees. One of the requirements for employees of the internal affairs bodies is a mandatory medical examination, as well as the passage of annual medical examinations. inspections. If deviations in the state of health are detected, police officers are transferred to work with less workloads or are subject to dismissal. The level of physical fitness of the personnel is also checked during scheduled inspections. Therefore, the vast majority of police officers do not have serious chronic diseases or physical injuries, and the state of health and physical fitness can be recognized as satisfactory and corresponding to the requirements for service in the internal affairs bodies. In cases of injury or injury in the performance of official duties, a military medical commission is convened, which determines the timing, nature of treatment and decides on fitness for service in the internal affairs bodies and payment of insurance.

7. Stressfulness of professional activity. The increased stressful danger of the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies is caused, firstly, by the nature of the object of activity - a special category of the population prone to criminal (illegal) activities; secondly, the risk to the personal safety of the employee (and [or members of his family, relatives and friends) caused by the nature of the professional activity and the likelihood of the use of weapons by offenders; thirdly, an irregular working day (week), overtime work, fatigue, the effect of the "emotional burnout syndrome" leads to disruption of interpersonal relationships, conflicts and divorces among law enforcement officers.

8. Legal security, including observance of the legal rights and freedoms of employees. Legal guarantees and benefits for employees of internal affairs bodies, enshrined in Russian legislation, currently do not receive proper material and financial support, and therefore are predominantly declarative in nature or are implemented at the local level.

2.2 Social problems of ATS organization

These indicators of social risk were used by the author to study social well-being employees of the internal affairs bodies of Blagoveshchensk (Appendix A, B), that is, "a person's feeling of satisfaction with his state of health, financial situation, social status, professional activities, legal security, well-being of the family and life, interpersonal relationships, as well as other factors ".

In the course of the study, 142 employees of the internal affairs bodies working in the city of Blagoveshchensk were interviewed.

The study showed that the social well-being of the Blagoveshchensk police officers is satisfactory - there are problems of a financial, logistical, organizational nature, but in general, work is being done to solve them in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Amur Region.

Thus, the majority of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the city of Blagoveshchensk are generally satisfied with the state of their health (one of the requirements for professional suitability is compliance with the service in the internal affairs bodies for health reasons).

Among the surveyed employees, 85% (120 people) are satisfied with interpersonal relationships with colleagues (performing professional duties in the internal affairs bodies involves the formation of a single professional community with established social ties and relationships).

The existing level of legal protection is also completely satisfied by the majority of the interviewed employees (since in the last 5-10 years a large number of laws and other by-laws have been adopted and supplemented regarding various aspects of organizing the work of law enforcement agencies, as well as measures to improve the legal status of employees of internal affairs bodies).

Meanwhile, almost 60% (85 people) of employees who took part in the study note dissatisfaction with the current practice of implementing the provisions of legislative acts on social protection of employees of internal affairs bodies (due to a lack of allocated financial resources or for other reasons, assistance cannot be provided to all those in need in it).

Concerning financial situation police officers, then all the interviewed employees (regardless of gender, age, work experience and position) were dissatisfied with them. The monetary allowance given out, as well as the average size wages in the region, below or not much more than the established subsistence level.

More than 50% (72 people) of the polled police officers are dissatisfied with the arrangement of their life (low incomes do not allow them to improve their living conditions, purchase the necessary things and household appliances).

Among the interviewed employees of the Blagoveshchensk militia, almost 58% (82 people) point to an increase in the intensity of their work as one of the unfavorable factors of work in the internal affairs bodies (loads and professional risks are growing, the range of professional duties of individual employees is rapidly expanding).

Also, more than 75% (106 people) of employees are dissatisfied with the attitude of the public towards the activities of law enforcement agencies and the police officers themselves (due to the traditional negative attitude of Russians towards representatives of "power" structures).

According to the respondents, the most pressing social problems that employees of the internal affairs bodies face are material (low incomes and poor living conditions) and socio-psychological (increased workload, stress at the workplace, conflicts in the family).

It can be concluded that the study of the social well-being of employees confirmed the thesis that professional activity in the internal affairs bodies, which is associated with many risks, is also characterized by the presence of social problems of various nature and severity among employees. Vasiliev F. P. Features of the activity of non-departmental security at the territorial body of internal affairs // Law and State: Theory and Practice. - 2009. - N 8

Summing up all of the above, we can talk about the following groups of social risk factors in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies:

1) legal - imperfection of legislation (including criminal procedure and social), unclear regulation of operational work, lack of clear legal guarantees restricting employees of internal affairs bodies from illegal orders and instructions from superiors;

2) economic - lack of clear economic incentives, wage equalization, inefficiency of "ceiling" titles, the possibility of extracting side material and other benefits in everyday work, insufficient technical equipment and the lack of a perfect material and technical base;

3) organizational - poor recruitment and placement of personnel, poor control by management, specificity of the work of internal affairs bodies, poor organization of internal accounting and control (including incorrect criteria for evaluating work), insufficient measures to improve the professional qualifications of employees, incompetent management intervention to work;

4) intellectual - low level of professional knowledge, insufficient level of political, legal and general culture, shortcomings in the education and self-education of employees;

5) socio-psychological - rudeness and imbalance of leaders, social, group, national intolerance, excessive self-confidence, vanity and careerism, low self-control and more.

It is customary to think that "the impact of negative factors in professional activities (physical and emotional stress, stress, observation of factors of criminal, immoral behavior, and so on) is an integral, and therefore objectively necessary, side of the work of employees of internal affairs bodies."

However, to consider social (including professional) risk factors as an unavoidable cause of low social well-being of employees as a result of this means making a concession to fatalism and unprofessionalism, and therefore it is necessary to take measures to minimize the adverse impact or completely eliminate the named social risk factors, and this can be done in during the organization and implementation of social protection of employees and members of their families in the internal affairs bodies.

Thus, in the professional activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies there are many factors of social risk (economic, legal, intellectual, socio-psychological), which, in turn, entail the existence of various social problems. The reasons for this lie in the specifics of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, which consists in increased danger to the physical, psychological and material well-being of police officers, their relatives and friends. Indicators of social risk in the work of employees of internal affairs bodies can be various indicators of an objective and subjective nature. Ignoring social risks, as well as the factors that cause them, can lead not only to a deterioration in the social well-being of employees of internal affairs bodies, but also, as a result, to an aggravation of the criminal situation in our country.

One of the main tasks of the Department of Internal Affairs is to improve the structure and methods of preventing negative and criminal factors.

One of the main current tasks of the Department of Internal Affairs is to conduct both current and long-term planning based on a structural display of priority goals and objectives in the field of law enforcement and management.

Planning is one of the main tasks of the ATS structure. Planning is based primarily on analytical activities. Thanks to planning, it is possible to make significant changes in the management structure of the Internal Affairs Bodies and to consider the main goals and objectives.

Planning determines the development perspective and the future state of the system, both the object and the subject of management, taken together. Being an active management process of influencing the system, it enhances the pace of development of the organization, contributes to the discovery of additional reserves, material sources, requires the use of advanced methods and forms of influence on the entire system of the organization. In order to reduce the risk of making the wrong decision due to erroneous or unreliable information, management takes reasonable and systematic forward-looking planned decisions. Planning for the short term helps create a unity of common purpose within the organization.

The quality and relevance of planning depends primarily on: the qualifications of employees of management bodies; the presence of an information base of information and computer networks; competencies of the organization's management in all management structures. Shevtsov A.V. Features of the powers of the internal affairs bodies for the implementation of regional legislation on administrative responsibility // Russian investigator. - 2010. - N 4.

A systematic analysis involves: defining a policy of action; sound management methods and priority setting of goals; development of measures, methods and activities; providing a basis for subsequent long-term decisions.

Program-targeted planning is practical application systems approach to management. Its features are: unity of purpose; fixing a set of tasks and activities determined by the goal; provision of the latter with resources; regular implementation; specific deadlines; complexity of tasks and their solutions. At the first stage of program-targeted planning, the forecasting of the main factors influencing the activities of the body in deciding specific tasks, goals are determined and resources are estimated, final and intermediate goals and time periods for their achievement are determined. At the second stage, the specific activities of the plan are formulated, and the specific required resources and sources of their receipt are determined. At the final stage, the planned activities are specified in terms of the scope of work, time, place and subjects of execution.

Specific is the content of the operational plan of action of the internal affairs body and its divisions in emergency situations and emergencies of a criminal nature. It includes the following sections: main tasks; forces and means involved in actions in case of emergency; logistic support; procedure for alerting forces and means; management of forces and means; organization of communication; interaction.

The sectoral nature of ATS planning includes: introduction of best practices; information and analytical work; provision of technical and information communications and their protection; work with personnel, observance of the rights of citizens and strengthening the rule of law; improvement of control and strengthening of executive and accounting and registration discipline; interaction with departments of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, ensuring the implementation of measures civil defense; development of legislation in the field of application of measures of administrative detention, penalties and measures of deprivation of liberty; security and security activities; development of border measures, registration and visa regimes; investigative measures and measures used to combat crime. Akimova N. V. Organizational legal framework activities of internal affairs bodies to prevent crimes related to the use of firearms // Russian investigator. - 2005. - N 12.

At present, there is a fairly coherent planning system in the internal affairs bodies, which makes it possible to provide organizational support for all the main directions of their operational and service activities.

The entire set of plans developed in the system of internal affairs bodies at all levels is usually divided into four types - strategic, organizational-tactical, organizational-operational and personal plans for the work of middle and senior commanding staff.

The main departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for federal districts are district divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Their main tasks are:

Coordination, control and analysis of the activities of internal affairs bodies in the relevant federal districts;

Organization of the activities of the internal affairs bodies in the relevant federal districts to combat organized crime, which is of an interregional nature;

Organization of interaction of internal affairs bodies with authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in the relevant federal districts.

The heads of the main departments in the federal districts are appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister of Internal Affairs.

City police departments carry out their activities in a dynamic, rapidly changing operational environment. This is due to the mobility, mobility of the population, the concentration of a significant number of citizens in public places, on transport, a high level of migration, the concentration of marginal elements, from which, with a high degree of probability, crimes can be expected.

The implementation of the tasks solved by the GOVD requires resource support from both traditionally existing and newly created services and divisions, as well as temporary structural target formations.

The main activities of the police department in cities are implemented using various organizational and tactical forms. These include: the integrated use of forces and means for a single deployment; involvement in the protection of public order and public safety of military personnel of the Ministry of Defense, internal troops, OMON, Cossack and other public formations; ensuring public order and public security during socio-political, cultural, entertainment, sports and other mass events.

The specifics of the operating environment leaves its mark on organizational structures GOVD. Here it is possible to single out the GOVD serving the cities that are republican, regional, regional centers, as well as intensively developing resort, tourist centers, port, border cities,

The organization of the activities of urban police departments operating in cities with district division has its own characteristics. This is, first of all, the centralization of a number of functions at the level of the city’s ATC and their decentralization in the district police departments, raising the status of the city’s police department as a coordinator of activities, an organizer of the interaction of district police departments in the face of a complicated operational situation, emergency circumstances, the optimal ratio of the structure of the city’s police department and district police departments, reasonable a combination of executive and managerial activities of the City Department of Internal Affairs.

In the broadest sense, management means leading something (or someone). However, it is not enough to confine oneself to such a statement. The content of this manual, its functional purpose should be disclosed. From the point of view of cybernetics - the science of control - we can draw the following conclusions:

1. Management is a function of organized systems of various nature (biological, technical, social), ensuring their integrity, i.e. achievement of the tasks facing them, preservation of their structure, maintenance of the proper regime of their activities.

2. Management serves the interests of the interaction of the elements that make up this or that system and represent a single whole with tasks common to all elements.

3. Management is the internal quality of an integral system, the main elements of which are the subject (managing element) and the object (managed element), constantly interacting on the basis of self-organization (self-management).

4. Management involves not only internal interaction elements that make up the system. There are many interacting complete systems different hierarchical levels, which involves the implementation of managerial functions of both intra-system and inter-system nature. In the latter case, a higher-order system acts as a subject of control in relation to a lower-order system, which is an object of control within the framework of interaction between them.

5. Management in its essence is reduced to the control action of the subject on the object, the content of which is the ordering of the system, ensuring its functioning in full accordance with the laws of its existence and development. This is a purposeful ordering influence, implemented in the relations between the subject and the object and carried out directly by the subject of management.

6. Control is real when there is a known subordination of the object to the subject of control, the controlled element of the system to its control element. Consequently, the control (ordering) influence is the prerogative of the subject of control.

These are the main features that characterize the general concept of management. They are also fully acceptable for understanding management in the social (public) sphere, where people and their various associations (for example, the state, society, territorial entities, public associations, production and non-production facilities, family, etc.) act as subjects and objects of management. .).

Of course, this takes into account the peculiarities of the social sphere, the most important of which is that managerial ties are realized through people's relations. Society is an integral organism with a complex structure, with various kinds of individual manifestations, as well as with functions of a general nature. Hence the need for the expression general connection and unity social processes, which finds its expression in the implementation of social management. The latter is one of the leading conditions for the normal functioning and development of society.

Social management as an attribute of social life is expressed in features predetermined by common features inherent in management as a scientific category, as well as by the features of the organization of social life. The most important are the following ones.

Firstly, social management exists only where there is a joint activity of people. By itself, this kind of activity (industrial and other) is not yet able to ensure the necessary interaction of its participants, the uninterrupted and effective implementation of the common tasks facing them, the achievement of common goals. Management organizes people specifically for joint activities into certain teams and organizationally draws them up.

Secondly, social management, with its main purpose, has a streamlining effect on the participants in joint activities, giving organization to the interaction of people. At the same time, the coordination of individual actions of the participants in joint activities is ensured, as well as the general functions necessary for regulating such activities and directly arising from its nature (for example, planning, coordination, control, etc.) are performed.

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A.A. BABANOV, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Volga Institute of Economics, Pedagogics and Law, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor The rapid process of Russia's entry into the market economy has led to new qualitative changes in all spheres of public life. The criminogenic situation sharply aggravated, manifestations of various forms of negative social deviations began to acquire a mass character, significantly complicating the functioning of social institutions and organizations. As an instrument of political power to ensure the internal security of the individual, society and the state, the internal affairs bodies are a kind of social organization in the system of power, and in the structure of law enforcement agencies - the central link in ensuring law and order and combating crime.

A.A. BABANOV,

Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Volga Institute of Economics, Pedagogics and Law, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor

The rapid process of Russia's entry into the market economy led to new qualitative changes in all spheres of public life. The criminogenic situation sharply aggravated, manifestations of various forms of negative social deviations began to acquire a mass character, significantly complicating the functioning of social institutions and organizations. As an instrument of political power to ensure the internal security of the individual, society and the state, the internal affairs bodies are a kind of social organization in the power system, and in the structure of law enforcement agencies - the central link in law enforcement and the fight against crime.

Changing economic, social, political, legal, spiritual and moral conditions are a feature of the functioning of social institutions and organizations, including internal affairs bodies. Living conditions make adjustments to the goals and objectives of their activities, cause a change in the mechanism of functioning, evaluation of the effectiveness of work. The Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation and the Concept for the Development of the Internal Affairs Bodies and Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, have become a reflection of the objective need for reforming the internal affairs bodies.

Internal affairs bodies have a complex, multi-level structure. Determining its role and place in the system of ensuring national security, establishing the starting positions from which the process of its qualitative transformations begins, the reasons that caused them, as well as the very course of introducing innovations become the subject of study for specialists in the field of management theory, administrative law, theory and history of the state and law, as well as philosophy, sociology of organizations, political science.

At present, the development of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia lags behind the requirements that are imposed on it in connection with the general change in the political, economic and social situation in Russia. Characteristic in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are still the predominance of a repressive orientation, disregard for the rights and interests of citizens and entrepreneurs. This is primarily due to the fact that the selection of personnel for internal affairs bodies is still not carried out at the proper level.

The system of units for working with personnel that currently exists in the internal affairs bodies does not have the proper impact on the morale of employees, strengthening discipline and the rule of law. Many employees have lost confidence in the necessity and usefulness of the profession they have chosen for society, and their interest in conscientious performance of their duties. The prestige of the internal affairs bodies and the public's confidence in their work have drastically declined. The priority direction in work with personnel was occupied by material incentives. A significant number of employees began to combine service in the internal affairs bodies with work in commercial organizations, state structures, which negatively affected their attitude to the performance of official duty, executive discipline and compliance with the law.

HR departments are facing new challenges associated with fundamental changes in the forms and methods of working with personnel. Many tasks related to the protection of society and the state cannot be solved without appropriate moral prerequisites and conditions. It is important not only to correct the state and public criteria for ensuring the rule of law with moral criteria, but to give a humanistic content to this entire process, means and methods, that is, to bring their content in line with moral requirements. The rating of confidence in the police on the part of the population remains one of the lowest in comparison with other law enforcement agencies, state and public institutions. This disappointing conclusion is confirmed by the results of numerous surveys of citizens conducted by independent sociological centers in almost all regions of the country.

According to the results of polls by the independent research center ROMIR and the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, the last surge in trust in the police was recorded in October 2000: the number of those who trusted by 0.1% exceeded the number of those who did not trust (47.5 and 47.4%, respectively). ), and six months later, the trust rating dropped sharply. From November 1996 to September 2002, the rating of trust in the police practically does not change and fluctuates at the level of 35-40%.

However, one problem is clearly ignored in scientific research and journalism. Meanwhile, it concerns the formation of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies, the psychological content of his life, the motivation and meaning of professional activity in new sociocultural conditions, as well as emerging professional deformations.

Due to the high social significance of the activity, the policeman for the main categories of citizens appears only as the bearer of a certain social function. This function is studied, analyzed and evaluated, and the person himself, as a rule, remains in the background.

At the same time, each person, regardless of the uniformity of the form, is still an individual, having his own unique inner content, associated with the desire to assert himself in life. The idea of ​​one's individual significance in society gives rise to a contradiction between individual needs and social conditions.

One of distinctive features activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies is that the contradiction gives rise to the phenomenon of duty as a necessary condition for maintaining its social significance. The development of this phenomenon, the formation of a legal system of values ​​should become the main tasks.

The activity of employees of internal affairs bodies is an organized practical interaction of people in a social system, partially closed from the rest of society, which limits them to strict legal and moral standards. A special place in the regulation of service relations in the internal affairs bodies is occupied by service discipline. In accordance with Art. 35 of the Regulations on Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies, responsibility for the state of service discipline among subordinates rests with the head. Along with high demands on subordinates, he is obliged to:

create the necessary conditions for work, rest, advanced training of subordinates;

To instill in subordinates a sense of responsibility for the performance of official duties; ensure transparency and objectivity in assessing the performance of subordinates;

respect the honor and dignity of subordinates;

Prevent protectionism in work with personnel, persecution of employees of the internal affairs bodies for personal reasons or for criticizing shortcomings in the activities of the internal affairs bodies.

The internal regulations in the internal affairs bodies are established by the immediate supervisors in accordance with the law and based on the characteristics of their activities. When determining the mode of working time, the manager must take into account that the employees of the internal affairs bodies are subject to the duration of working hours established by labor legislation. Employees of the internal affairs bodies may, if necessary, be involved in the performance of official duties in excess of the established time, as well as at night, on weekends and holidays. In these cases, compensation must be provided in the manner prescribed by labor legislation.

The criminal situation in the country, armed conflicts, acts of terrorism, etc. make it necessary to maintain a constantly increased combat readiness of the personnel of the units and services of the internal affairs bodies. The introduction of enhanced service options has become a normal phenomenon. Overtime continues to take place, significantly exceeding the annual limit, the regime of work and rest is violated. In connection with the unsatisfactory material support of the internal affairs bodies, to compensate for work in excess of the established duration in monetary terms is not possible, the provision of additional days of rest during the period of the introduction of the enhanced version of service is not allowed.

Service relations are regulated by Federal Law No. 119-FZ of July 31, 1995 “On the Fundamentals of Public Service in the Russian Federation”. The law also applies to employees serving in the internal affairs bodies, although it does not mention such a type of public service as civil service in the internal affairs bodies. It contains the main provisions on the passage of public service. Features of the civil service in individual state bodies are established federal laws(Section 2, Article 4). Unfortunately no regulatory framework, regulating the civil service in the internal affairs bodies, which implies some difficulty in determining the place and role of this type of public service, as well as the legal status of employees of the internal affairs bodies.

According to its content, the civil service is one of the activities of the state in the formation of a professional personnel core in order to fulfill the tasks of the state in the implementation of the function of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring law and order. In more detail, service relations in the internal affairs bodies are regulated by a set of regulations. The process of forming the legislative base for the legal support of the functioning of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the procedure for serving in the internal affairs bodies has not yet been completed and needs to be improved.

The successful professional activity of employees of internal affairs bodies largely depends on their legal position (status) in the public service system. The effectiveness of the functioning of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia depends on the nature of the legal framework.

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