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Problems of countering the spread of extremism through the Internet. The plan of the elective course "Ensuring the information security of the student's personality in modern conditions"

Prevention of extremism on the Internet

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The spread of youth extremism in Russia has become one of the most acute problems. Every year the number of crimes increases, the level of violence grows, its manifestations become more cruel and professional.

In a broad sense, extremism is understood as a commitment to extreme views and measures.

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Youth extremism as a mass phenomenon is expressed in disregard for the rules and norms of behavior in society or in their denial.

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Specific manifestations of extremism affect various areas life activity, therefore, several of its forms are distinguished: everyday, social protest, political, national-ethnic, religious and terrorism, as an extreme form of extremism.

What leads to the emergence of extremism among young people?

Among the factors of the emergence of extremism among the youth, several categories can be conditionally distinguished:

socio-economic

group

personal (psychological).

The group of socio-economic factors may include, for example:

peculiarities economic development society;

unemployment;

the collapse of the value system observed in the world, etc.

Among group factors the following can be distinguished:

attitudes, prejudices of parents;

views, beliefs of the reference group (including the peer group);

If we cannot exert the proper influence on society as a whole, then work with personal factors is in the area of our competence.

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What personal (psychological) factors can influence the involvement of teenagers in extremism?

Among them are:

individual psychological characteristics (increased suggestibility, aggressiveness, low sensitivity and a sense of empathy - the ability to empathize with another person);

emotional characteristics (state of mental stress, experience of loss, grief, etc.);

lack of life goals and values;

misunderstanding and conflict relations in the family.

What does a child do if he does not find solutions to problems on his own and does not turn to us adults for help?

Children often find answers to urgent questions on the Internet, where they try to falsely help them.

Currently, the Black Internet is a breeding ground for criminals and perverted people who are just a couple of clicks away from the regular Internet. And a teenager in a problem situation is a godsend for various kinds of criminals.

How is the involvement of young people in extremist organizations carried out?

Very often, in advance, before meeting for subsequent recruitment, recruiters can explore pages on social networks - this is a storehouse for psychoanalysis and the initial selection of personalities more suitable for recruitment.

Another way is groups that publish rude jokes with illustrations, demotivators - this is very popular among teenagers now. Extremist organizations create similar communities and start copying this information in them. Thus, a large number of people are recruited and they are already trying to offer some of their ideas to this public.

All such events are aimed at destroying traditional values and moral norms. Ultimately, the teenager turns off critical thinking, he does not perceive logical arguments, stops communicating with his family and friends - the only ones who understand him are other virtual people.

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It is important to remember that getting a teenager under negative influence is easier to prevent than to deal with this problem later.

Prevention of extremism lies in clarification and limitation.

Some simple rules will help to significantly reduce the risk of your child getting into banned religious organizations, extremist movements and terrorist organizations:

Chat with children about their Internet friends and what they do. Ask about people with whom teens communicate via instant messaging and make sure that these people are familiar to them.

Be interested in what groups the children are in, with whom they communicate.

Teach your child not to share personal information.

Insist that children carefully agree or not agree at all to personal meetings with friends from the Internet. Remind them of the dangers this may entail.

Help them protect themselves from spam. Teach teenagers not to give out their email address on the Internet, not to respond to unsolicited emails and use special mail filters

Constantly remind that guys should never use the network for hooliganism, spreading gossip or threatening other people.

IN younger age it is desirable to allow the use of Internet resources only in the presence of parents.

Spend time online with your child regularly. Transfer joint virtual hobbies to real ones.

Encourage your child to report any Internet-related threats or alerts to you.

Use parental control programs, Internet filters.

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And in conclusion, I would like to point out that we, adults, by our personal example must teach our children to observe the norms adopted in social society, live without violence.

And remember that the best prevention is attention and love for the child.

To write this article, the Federal Laws “On countering extremist activity”, “On information, information technologies and information protection”, the Criminal Code, the Code of Administrative Offenses were analyzed in agony; as well as the Resolution of the Plenum Supreme Court"ABOUT judicial practice on criminal cases about crimes extremist orientation»; Government Decree "On a unified automated system"Unified Register of Domain Names, Site Page Pointers in the Internet Information and Telecommunication Network and Network Addresses Allowing the Identification of Sites in the Internet Information and Telecommunication Network, Containing Information Distributed in Russian Federation forbidden". Naturally (who would doubt it!), some very significant contradictions between these acts were revealed. But first things first.

I. What is "extremism"?

In accordance with the Federal Law "On counteracting extremist activity", these are:
A) forcible change in the foundations of the constitutional order and violation of the integrity of the Russian Federation.
That is - in order to recognize actions / speeches / materials as extremist, they must be aimed at modifying the fundamental principles enshrined in Chapter 1 of the Constitution (secularism, democracy, federalism, the prohibition of ideology, etc.), through a bloody revolution associated with murders, violence and the like, not peaceful reform. MAY NOT be considered extremism, for example, proposals for the resignation of the President (if they are not associated with the need to kill him), or even for the establishment of a state ideology (“Orthodox Christianity”, for example, as G.L. Sterligov used to say), which at the same time do not combined with justification or calls for the use of violence to implement these proposals.
The union "And" instead of (or "together") "OR" is confusing. Is it really necessary for extremism both, figuratively speaking, to call for the establishment of an ideology by force, and, at the same time, to divide the country into parts? By the way, another question - will the accession of other territories to it be considered a violation of the country's territorial integrity? And should the violation of territorial integrity be “violent”? Will the opinion about the need, for example, the division of the Russian Federation into a confederation, or something like “give Sakhalin to the Japanese” be considered extremist? Or is it necessary to speak of forced separation?

B) public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities;

C) inciting social, racial, national or religious hatred;
Again, one phrase - and a lot of questions. What is "social" strife? By what criteria is it determined? Will “religious strife” include one that is manifested on the basis of atheism, and not the fact that an unbeliever professes a religion, but not that one? What is “discord” anyway? And how does it compare with the notorious “inciting hatred or enmity” in the notorious Art. 282?
Explanatory dictionaries consider "strife" as a synonym for "enmity". "Enmity" is defined as some negative actions dictated by a feeling of hatred.
That is: hatred is a feeling, hostility is a specific action dictated by it, and discord is a concept synonymous with hostility. It turns out, based on the literal interpretation of the law, in this case, only such “excitement” should fall under the signs of extremism, which leads (for the perfect form of the verb) to certain negative actions, and not just to “hatred” as a feeling.

D) propaganda of the exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion;
Here you can even rejoice a little - "attitude towards religion" speaks of the prohibition of these actions against atheists, agnostics, and also theists of all stripes.

E) violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion;

f) preventing citizens from exercising their electoral rights and the right to participate in a referendum or violating the secrecy of voting, combined with violence or the threat of its use;

G) obstruction of the lawful activities of state bodies, bodies local government, election commissions, public and religious associations or other organizations, combined with violence or the threat of its use;
That is, it turns out that we can boldly interfere with the illegal activities of state bodies, even by force! =)

3) the commission of crimes for the motives specified in paragraph "e" of the first part of Article 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;
With regards to such motives - see the post

i) propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols or paraphernalia or symbols confusingly similar to Nazi paraphernalia or symbols, or public display of paraphernalia or symbols of extremist organizations;
Here - see posthttps://vk.com/feed?q=%23Legal_subbotnik§ion=search&w=...

J) public calls for the implementation of these acts or the mass distribution of obviously extremist materials, as well as their production or storage for the purpose of mass distribution;
About such materials - see below.

K) public knowingly false accusation of a person replacing public office of the Russian Federation or a public position of a subject of the Russian Federation, committed by him during the period of execution of his official duties acts referred to in this article and which are a crime.
Question: the requirement of impeachment to Putin will be extremism? And phrases like "Putin is a murderer, he must answer for Beslan / Nord-Ost / Kursk", etc. (Underline whatever applicable)? How to distinguish between a "knowingly false accusation" from a just or "honest error"? And what should this "accusation" be - drawn up in the form of a statement, or simply expressed?

L) organization, preparation of these acts, incitement to their implementation, their financing or other assistance.
Here there are already purely legal issues about the distinction between these actions with complicity, I see no reason to dwell on them in detail in this material.

II. What are "extremist materials", how do they relate to "information whose dissemination is prohibited in Russia", and what to do with them?

Again, we look at the Federal Law "On countering extremist activity."
Extremist materials""" - documents intended for publication or information on other media:
(Immediately the question is: what is the disclosure? How many people must observe them for it to take place? 2? 5? 10? We have 146,544,710 “people” in Russia).

""" A) calling for the implementation of extremist activity, or substantiating or justifying the need for its implementation.
Well, that is, calling for / substantiating / justifying everything that was discussed above.

B) "including" the works of the leaders of the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, the Fascist Party of Italy.
Hence, it is categorically not clear whether all the works of Hitler and Co. will be considered extremist materials, or only those in which there are manifestations of extremism. Plus - what do you mean by "labor"? Are Adolf's paintings related to them? Why is this not work?

C) publications substantiating or justifying national and (or) racial superiority
But what about the social, or on the basis of the relationship to religion? Doesn't count?

D) publications that justify the practice of committing war or other crimes aimed at the complete or partial destruction of any ethnic, social, racial, national or religious group.

Materials are recognized as extremist only by the court, with their inclusion by the Ministry of Justice in the Federal List of Extremist Materials.
Next, we open the Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection", namely Art. 10: "It is prohibited to disseminate information that is aimed at propaganda of war, inciting national, racial or religious hatred and enmity, as well as other information, the dissemination of which provides for criminal or administrative liability."
Attention, question. How do materials containing information that call for / substantiate / justify the need to incite social, racial, national or religious hatred compare; with information aimed at inciting national, racial and religious hatred and enmity? Is it the same or not? What is the difference between arousal and kindling? Plus, the Federal Law "On Information" does not talk about social hatred or enmity - why?
It turns out that we can conclude that the concept of "forbidden information" is broader than the concept of "extremist materials", because those include it, among other things. It is not clear, however, why not simply indicate in the Federal Law: “It is prohibited to distribute following information: extremist materials, ..., ...”.
The answer to this question can be found by carefully studying the very law “On Information”, the Government Decree, and comparing it with the Federal Law “On Counteracting Extremist Activities”. Recognition of materials as extremist is made only by a federal court, on the basis of a prosecutor's application or in the course of proceedings in a relevant case of an administrative offense, civil, administrative or criminal case. That is, you understand - the process is long, dreary, and problematic. It is necessary to produce expertise, a lot of papers ... and who wants to bother?
Much easier with prohibited information, access to which can be restricted outside judicial order, in accordance with Art. 15.3 of the Federal Law "On Information". We read carefully: “In the event that ... on the Internet, information containing calls for mass riots, extremist activities, participation in mass (public) events held in violation of the established procedure, including the case of receipt of notification of the dissemination of such information from federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government, organizations or citizens, the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation or his deputies send a request to Roskomnadzor to take measures to restrict access to information resources disseminating such information.
Roskomnadzor, in turn, sends a request to restrict access to the telecom operator, which must immediately close everything. If the seditious information is deleted, access must be immediately restored. Deletion is not required if the owner of the information does not want to do it - just otherwise he will never have access to the resource.

ATTENTION: a contradiction between the Federal Law "On Counteracting Extremism" and the Federal Law "On Information"! Information containing calls for extremist activity is classified as extremist materials, therefore, it cannot be blocked extrajudicially (even if the prosecutor asks for it) - a court decision is required to recognize the materials as extremist and include them in the Federal List maintained by the Ministry of Justice, with subsequent restriction of access to the Internet resource on which it is posted.
In addition, we again seeCONTRADICTIONbetween the Federal Law and the Government Decree concerning the inclusion of the resource in the so-called "registry of prohibited sites". Article 15.3 contains no indication to that effect. Art. 15.1 - “general”, states (in short) that the grounds for inclusion in the register of information are:
1) decisions of the federal executive bodies authorized by the Government in relation to the following distributed via the Internet:
a) materials with pornographic images of minors;
b) drug information;
c) information about suicide;
d) information about a minor victim;
e) information about gambling and lotteries.
2) a court decision that has entered into legal force on recognizing information disseminated via the Internet as information whose dissemination is prohibited in the Russian Federation.
As we can see, there is nothing “extremist” here.
The Government Decree on the same Register in paragraph 5 states that the grounds for inclusion in the Register are (in short):
a) decisions of the following authorized federal executive bodies:
. FSKN - in relation to drug information
. Rospotrebnadzor - regarding information about suicide
. FTS - in relation to information about lotteries and gambling
. Roskomnadzor - in relation to:

material containing pornographic images of minors
information about drugs and suicide
information disseminated via the Internet, the decision to ban the dissemination of which on the territory of the Russian Federation was taken by authorized bodies or a court;

That is, formally this definition the information mentioned above - which is extremist and blocked in contradiction with the Federal Law extrajudicially at the request of the prosecutor - falls under this category. It is not clear, however, why there is no simple indication of this in the Federal Law.

In summary, let's summarize.Any kind of information containing something from “extremism” must be recognized as extremist material in the established judicial procedure, with inclusion in the Federal List of Extremist Materials maintained by the Ministry of Justice. The out-of-court procedure for blocking such information is formally illegal, since there is a conflict - that is, a contradiction between two federal laws - "On countering extremist activity" and "On information." The first law is special, and the second - general. Special laws apply.

III. On the issue of responsibility.

The Russian Federation provides for an administrative sanction for the mass distribution of extremist materials ALREADY INCLUDED in the published federal list, as well as their production or storage for the purpose of mass distribution.
Let's not dwell on the "mass character" and so on. I note that there is no criminal liability for a similar act, which of course is not.
Attention, question: how to delimit the distribution of extremist materials from the notorious "kopeck piece"? And in general, can extremist materials be distributed just like that, without the purpose of “inciting hatred or enmity”?
In this regard, the Plenum of the Supreme Court points out that the issue should be resolved depending on the direction of the intent of the person distributing these materials. In the event that a person distributes extremist materials included in the published federal list of extremist materials in order to incite hatred or enmity, as well as to humiliate the dignity of a person or a group of persons on the grounds of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, attitude to religion, as well as belonging to any social group committed by him should entail criminal liability under Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
I'm wondering - for what other purpose can a person distribute such materials? Introductory? Enlightenment? Well, maybe., For example, regarding the "works" of Hitler and Co. But how is this possible in relation to materials that “incite social, racial, national or religious hatred”?
It turns out that, in accordance with the law, the procedure for dealing with "extremist" content on the Internet should be as follows. Law enforcement agencies, having discovered on the Internet some content that gives reason to believe it is extremist (moreover, it is aimed at inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliating the dignity of a person or group of persons, and not, for example, demonstrating Nazi symbols), should, if possible, identify the author and the presence of his intent (which, again, go and prove it, but practice comes from the very fact of placing something seditious in the public domain) to bring him to criminal liability under Art. 280 or 282 (depending on the nature of the posted information). In the course of the proceedings, the court will recognize the materials as extremist and include them in the Federal List.
If the “extremist” content is of a different kind, the materials must be recognized as extremist in court and included in the Federal List. If there are grounds, the author may be held administratively liable for, for example, propaganda or display of Nazi symbols.
Summarizing,in this situation, I think, one can only rejoice at the illiteracy and laziness of the law enforcement officer - it’s better to just let them enter the Register ... We will create new communities, but new admins instead of those imprisoned are unlikely.

Julia Fedotova

Oleinikova Elena Alekseevna, Prosecutor of the Department for Supervision of the Execution of Federal Legislation of the Department of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District, lawyer of the 1st class.

The article highlights topical issues of the implementation of prosecutorial supervision in the field of countering extremist activities.

Key words: countering extremism, extremist materials, Internet monitoring, access restriction, dissemination of information.

Combat extremism on the Internet
E.A. Oleynikova

Oleynikova Elena Alexeyevna, Public Prosecutor, Division for Supervision over Implementation of Federal Legislation, Department of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation in the Far East Federal District, 1st Class Lawyer.

The article highlighted topical issues of prosecutorial supervision in the sphere of combating extremist activities.

Key words: combating extremism, extremist materials, the Internet monitoring, limit access, information dissemination.

The National Security Strategy of Russia until 2020, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2009 N 537, provides for the creation of a developed system for identifying and countering political and religious extremism, nationalism and ethnic separatism as a means and goal of ensuring state security.

One of the most acute problems of recent times is the placement of extremist materials on the Internet.
In order to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the foundations of the constitutional order, to ensure the integrity and security of the state the federal law dated July 25, 2002 N 114-FZ "On counteracting extremist activity" not only determined the legal and organizational bases extremist activity, but also established responsibility for the implementation of such activities.

Distribution on the Internet of extremist materials included in the published federal list of extremist materials, as well as providing access to them to users of file-sharing networks, entails administrative liability under Art. 20.29 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, the dissemination of materials containing calls for extremist activities, inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliating the dignity of a person or group of persons on the basis of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, attitude to religion, as well as belonging to any social group, calls for terrorist activities or justification of terrorism may also result in criminal liability under Art. Art. 205.2, 280, 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

In the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, countering extremism remains one of the priorities of the prosecutor's office. Despite the fact that in general the situation remained stable and conflicts that significantly affect the state of interethnic and interfaith relations were not allowed in the district, threats to the national security of the Russian Federation regarding manifestations of extremism do not lose their relevance.

In the district for 6 months of 2015, prosecutors noted the intensification of the operational-search activities of the territorial bodies of the Federal Security Service and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to identify extremist manifestations on the Internet. At the same time, in these bodies there is an increase in the number of cases of operational accounting in the area under consideration (the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - by 11%, the Federal Security Service of Russia - by 37%).
According to the prosecutors of the subjects of the Federation, in the law enforcement agencies of the district for 6 months of 2015, 86 reports of crimes of the analyzed category were registered, which is 95.5% more than in 2014 (44). Of the total number of reports received, 56 were registered with the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, 16 with the FSB, and 14 with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The number of reports of such acts committed using the Internet was 77, or 89.5% of the total.
District prosecutors constantly monitor the Internet for free access to extremist materials and prohibited information, and take measures to eliminate negative impact such illegal information.
For example, in 2014, the prosecutors of the districts of Primorsky Krai sent 8 applications to the courts for the recognition of information posted on the Internet as prohibited (with subsequent submission of court decisions to Roskomnadzor to block access to it throughout the country). All applications have been considered, the demands of the prosecutors have been satisfied.

In the first half of 2015, the Office of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation in the district took measures aimed at restricting access to information resources based on two appeals from citizens. Two applications were submitted to the court for the recognition of information posted on the Internet as prohibited for distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation, to the preliminary investigation bodies in accordance with Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure sent two materials on the grounds of a crime under Art. 319 of the Criminal Code (publicly insulting a representative of the authorities in connection with the performance of his official duties), on which 2 criminal cases have been initiated and are being investigated.

In the Sakhalin Region in July 2015, two criminal cases were initiated under Part 1 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code (commission of actions aimed at inciting hatred or enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity on the grounds of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, attitude to religion, as well as belonging to any social group).
Prevention of extremist activity in the subjects of the Federation can achieve the goal only if systems approach subjects of such prevention: authorities, law enforcement agencies, anti-terrorist commissions, interested ministries and departments and local governments.

Basically, materials subsequently recognized as extremist are revealed in the course of operational-search activities carried out by law enforcement agencies.
However, in 2014 in Primorsky Krai it was established that, despite the prevalence of extremist materials on the Internet and their significant impact on the growth of extremist sentiments among young people, the internal affairs bodies did not properly monitor the Internet, criminal cases and cases of administrative offenses were facts of extremist manifestations on the Internet were not raised, which did not correspond to the criminogenic situation in the region. After the presentation of the regional prosecutor, the work of the internal affairs bodies of the region intensified.

Ensuring public safety and countering extremism is the fundamental task of the authorized state bodies.
Meanwhile, inspections carried out by the prosecution authorities of the Kamchatka Territory and the Sakhalin Region in 2014 showed that the activities of the authorities Federal Service on supervision in the field of communications, information technologies and mass communications is not adequate to the current situation in the regions. Offenses under Part 2 of Art. 13.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (abuse of freedom of the media), Roskomnadzor bodies in the district were not detected.
At the same time, the departments of Roskomnadzor in the Kamchatka Territory, in the Far Eastern Federal District did not ensure proper monitoring of the media, control measures in the form of systematic monitoring were often carried out superficially, did not take measures to prevent violations in the field of control over the media disseminating information in addition to Russian in Korean , Nivkh languages.

In the Kamchatka Territory, only after the submissions made by the prosecutors to the editors (chief editors) of seven printed publications(newspapers "LDPR on Kamchatka", "Mediteks", "SKTV-Inform", "Housing Bulletin of Kamchatka", "Kamchatka Otdyzh", "Shamsa" and the magazine "ShoppingGIDKamchatka") to the Russian Book Chamber and libraries of the subjects of the Federation in accordance with the law mandatory copies of printed publications were sent.
In the Primorsky Territory and the Sakhalin Region, the work of the departments of the Ministry of Justice of Russia noted weak control over the activities of public and religious associations, including compliance with constituent documents the requirements of federal legislation, the submission of the necessary reports by them, the actual elimination of violations reflected in the non-profit organizations warnings. In addition, the bodies of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the district administrative offenses provided for in Art. 5.26 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations) was not detected. At the same time, the prosecution authorities of the Primorsky Territory established such violations in the activities of non-profit organizations.
For example, according to the Ussuri city prosecutor's office, three public organizations(National-cultural autonomy of the Koreans of the Primorsky Territory, Primorsky public fund social support and protection of military personnel, veterans of local conflicts "Soldat" and the religious organization "New Generation" Church of Christian Evangelical Faith in Ussuriysk and Ussuriysk region) took measures to provide and post on the Internet on the information resources of the Ministry of Justice of Russia reports on their activities and documents on goals spending Money and use of property.
In all subjects of the Federation of the district, prosecutors continue to identify shortcomings in the activities of public educational institutions who do not comply with the rules for connecting to a unified content filtering system for access to the Internet, in connection with which response measures were taken to eliminate the identified violations.

For example, in the first half of 2015 in the Magadan region, on the proposals of the prosecutor of the Omsukchansky district, the directors of four educational institutions (MBOU "Secondary educational school in the village of Omsukchan", "Basic educational school in the village of Omsukchan", "Secondary educational school in the village of Dukat" and SBEI primary vocational education Magadan region " Professional institute N 11"), restrictions on access to Internet sites containing information of an extremist and other illegal nature have been introduced, network filters have been installed on computers connected to the Internet.

Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 "On Combating Extremist Activities" defines propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols or paraphernalia or symbols that are confusingly similar to Nazi paraphernalia or symbols as one of the types of extremist activity. For these acts, administrative responsibility is established under Art. 20.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. District prosecutors systematically detect such violations in the course of monitoring the Internet.
In Primorsky Krai, the practice has been implemented of filing applications with courts for the recognition of prohibited information on methods of home-made production of explosives and explosive devices distributed on the Internet. Such applications were made in 2014 by the Prosecutor's Office of the Primorsky Territory, the prosecutors of the cities of Vladivostok, Artem and the Prosecutor of the Olginsky District (the applications were satisfied).
The dissemination of such information can be regarded as information aiding terrorism (since it can be used in the preparation and planning of terrorist acts) and entails administrative liability under Part 5 of Art. 13.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (dissemination in information and communication networks of information containing instructions for homemade production explosives and explosive devices).

In total, in the Far East region, prosecutors, when systematically monitoring the Internet in 2014 and the first half of 2015, revealed almost 1,500 such violations. In order to eliminate them, 306 submissions were made, the courts granted about 200 prosecutors' applications to stop Internet providers from providing access to materials included in the published federal list of extremist materials. Also, 35 applications were sent to the courts to recognize the materials as extremist. At the initiative of prosecutors, 49 persons were brought to administrative responsibility.

Along with this, there are problems when restricting access to Internet sites of this category. Setting such a limit does not guarantee that information materials will not appear on other resources.
We believe that the work of the prosecution authorities to suppress the activities of such sites will achieve the desired effect only with the interaction and active assistance of special units of the security agencies and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which are entrusted with the functions of identifying and suppressing the activities of Internet sites containing illegal information materials, including extremist, and persons involved in the placement of such information.

Modern society is characterized by a transition to a qualitatively new state - the information society, in which there is an active penetration and growing influence of new information and communication technologies in all areas. public life. The formation of the information society with varying degrees of intensity and effectiveness is taking place all over the world, including in Russia.

On the one hand, new technologies play a decisive role in industrial production, determine the economic and political dynamics, on the other hand, computers, the Internet and mobile phones have become an integral part of Everyday life a significant number of people. The technocultural environment of everyday life is rapidly changing under the influence of lower prices for various information and communication technologies, advertising of the modern lifestyle in the media, computerization of education, and the spread of electronic devices that provide comfort and convenience in the home and office.

Growing Influence global network The Internet has had a significant impact on youth extremism, greatly exacerbating this social problem especially among the youth. Using the global Internet and the possibilities of computer communication, the ideologists of extremist movements and groups actively influence the fragile consciousness, the unstable system of socio-cultural coordinates of Russian youth. As a result, in recent years there has been an aggravation of the problem of youth extremism, which at present can be considered as a problem of national importance and a threat to Russia's national security.

It must be admitted that today's Russian youth lives in a globalizing information society, a society of universal risk. In order to carry out an adequate managerial impact on young people, to help overcome deviations in the youth environment, it is necessary to study the socio-communicative conditions of their life.

In the context of globalization and informatization of society, when the barriers to control and management of information flows are practically removed, and the national borders of states are leveled, mainly in the communicative aspect, youth extremist movements received additional helping conditions for influencing the consciousness and behavior of young people.

If 10-15 years ago the activities of extremist movements, groups were localized by the spatial boundaries of the city, district, region, now, thanks to information and communication technologies, and, above all, the Internet, extremist activity is becoming an element of the media agenda across the country, and then and the entire Russian-speaking segment of the QMS (in particular, Runet). To this must be added the expanded possibilities cellular communication, multimedia, computer communication, which have transformed interpersonal and group communication to mass scale (forums, chats, blogs, etc. have become the property of a wide range of Internet audiences, and not just those who directly communicate).

As a result, members of extremist movements and groups got the opportunity to enter into discussions, argue, defend their ideology, beliefs in Internet resources, where the audience size can range from several tens to hundreds of thousands of people. Such resources for influencing youth consciousness are comparable to the potential of traditional media, only not controlled by the state and society. Under the guise of "exchange of opinions" on the Internet, extremists were able to conduct propaganda, recruit new supporters and increase the number of "sympathizers". This problem is currently underestimated in Russia.

Obviously, in the information society, mass media play an important role in the process of socialization. A young person “absorbs”, absorbs certain norms, values, principles of worldview in the process of interaction with “significant others”. The current generation of teenagers is given the freedom to choose forms, norms, the world, the space of socialization. At the same time, it is worth noting that the virtual world offers forms and norms of socialization that are similar, but not identical, to those accepted in the real world.

Extremism today is rare, only in extreme cases, is open in nature, it is deeply conspiratorial and adapts to modern conditions especially over the Internet. Now, in order to communicate with like-minded people, it is not necessary to gather in safe houses and join "secret circles", it is enough to have Personal Computer(or even just a modern mobile phone - "smartphone") and access to the Internet. This is how virtualized extremist solutions freely and uncontrollably penetrate into every home.

Today it is impossible to deny the fact that the Internet plays an increasing role in our lives every day. However, such a wide popularity of these communication networks has also led to negative consequences, one of which is the use of the Internet by extremist organizations as a kind of platform for promoting their ideas and recruiting new supporters.

Firstly, this is the placement of program documents of various groups containing information that encourages a violent change in the constitutional order and a violation of the integrity of Russia, propaganda of the exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of citizens on the basis of their attitude to religion, social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation and etc. The Internet allows for the “easy, safe, cheap and uncensored” spread of any ideology around the world (including the display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols), which contributes to the formation of a previously non-existent single neo-Nazi, racist community that inspires its members to commit acts of violence.

Secondly, members of terrorist and extremist organizations actively use the information resources of the Internet, which allow them to quickly and without additional costs find a variety of data on how to make improvised explosive devices, methods of committing crimes of a terrorist nature.

Thirdly, extremist groups use the Internet to finance their activities (funding sites through advertising, traffic to the site, etc.) or otherwise assist in planning, organizing, preparing and performing these actions (coordination of actions).

That is why the question of whether the Russian legislation the necessary means to combat manifestations of extremism on the Internet. The practice of recent years has shown that in recent years the fight against extremism has actively begun to move from the real world to online.

Today, the Internet's ability to disseminate information and influence information is no less than that of traditional media such as newspapers, radio and even television. Unfortunately, the vast possibilities of the Internet have been actively used by various extremist and terrorist organizations to promote national, religious and other forms of intolerance. There are a large number of information resources(websites) that promote the development of xenophobia and extremism. The rapid development of telecommunication technologies, observed over the past decades, has led to the emergence of fundamentally new system dissemination and exchange of information - the Internet, accessible to a wide range of users.

A serious danger to the international community, given today's realities, is represented by sites that directly disseminate the ideas of extremism, separatism and terrorism. Through such resources, international terrorist organizations practically unimpededly carry out propaganda of radical Islamic movements that preach the fight against "infidels", "the creation of a world caliphate", etc.

For our country, of course, the greatest threat is posed by information resources that provide information and financial support to representatives of international terrorist organizations. These sites call for terrorist acts, promote separatism, religious intolerance and ethnic strife.

It should be especially noted that through such resources, showing scenes of murder and torture of military personnel and civilians, a policy of large-scale information terror is being pursued. Suffice it to recall the numerous cases of the dissemination via the Internet of videos showing the explosions by terrorists of the Russian military equipment in Chechnya or the "executions" of foreign citizens in Iraq, which caused shock throughout the civilized world. It is noteworthy that most of these sites have Internet addresses (domain names) registered in other countries (in international "Internet zones" such as ".com", ".org", ".info").

According to the Egyptian newspaper Al-Sharq al-Awsat, Al-Qaeda has created a virtual university of terrorism on the Internet, where they teach "the sciences of jihad, its foundations and types." By the way, this information was posted on the website of the so-called World Islamic Information Center. According to Al-Sharq al-Awsat, Islamist extremist groups are increasingly expanding information and psychological warfare on the Internet. Internet resources that promote xenophobia and non-traditional religious teachings and sects, in particular, Wahhabism, pose a significant danger. Supporters of this trend in Islam instill in their adherents fanatical devotion and rejection of other religions, readiness to use terror and other violent means in their political practice.

The way out of this situation is seen in the adoption of a whole range of diverse measures aimed at effectively countering the existing threat.

In particular:

Increasing cooperation in the field of control and suppression of propaganda of terrorism and xenophobia on the Internet;

Unification and improvement of national laws governing the dissemination of information in public telecommunications networks;

Development of a system of signs of Internet resources that promote terrorism and extremism, and the creation on its basis of a single list of such sites in order to coordinate actions to neutralize them;

Carrying out joint activities to identify, bring to justice the real owners of the most odious Internet resources.

Today, a significant number of religious extremist sites operate on the Internet. They pose a danger to the countries of Central, East and Southeast Asia, the Middle and Near East, as they are campaigning for an armed struggle against religious dissent, calling for the overthrow of secular regimes and the establishment of theocratic states.

According to the well-known expert on religious issues Kadyr Malikov, agitation on the Internet by religious extremist organizations leads to the fact that when people go to the websites of these structures, they are imbued with the ideas preached there, download information of interest, video messages, then exchange them with friends. , acquaintances. As a result, people become carriers of extremist ideology, they look for like-minded people, unite in "jamaats". Several such groups may operate on the same territory, each of which functions independently of the others. Thus, a decentralized movement with a similar ideology and working methods is being formed. Separate groups begin to commit terrorist attacks, trying to fight against secular regimes. When one cell is detected and destroyed, the rest continue to operate, since each of them functions independently and does not have information about the others. The whole movement is very difficult to destroy, since there is no clear leader, and the structure is not hierarchical.

The activities of such a decentralized movement were mentioned in the report of specialists from the German Constitutional Security Bureau in 2007. They linked the preparation of terrorist attacks on the territory of Germany with the Internet propaganda of Islamic Jihad, whose existence is single organization German experts questioned. It can hardly be considered that the "Palestinian Jihad", "Islamic Jihad Union" and other similar structures exist as an organization with a common decision-making center. Otherwise, they would have been able to gather all their forces in one point on the globe and make a coup, create their own state and move on in this way.

In the CIS area, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Russia, which has developed the System of Operative-Investigative Activities (SORM), are actively fighting Internet sites that campaign in favor of religious extremist organizations. It uses the method of streaming copying of network traffic for subsequent use by intelligence agencies of the information received without control by the court and the prosecutor's office. In 2000, at the legislative level, an obligation was introduced for Internet providers to install SORM kits at their own expense. Then it became known about the delivery this equipment to Kyrgyzstan.

Despite these measures, practice has shown that the fight against extremism on the Internet has not led to the achievement required level security of national interests. Special forces in the territory own countries have the opportunity through the provider to determine the customer of the extremist site, to start an investigation against him. But this becomes possible only in relation to persons who register Internet pages on national domains.

An analysis of the addresses of religious extremist sites on the Internet shows that most of them are located on the "com" domain, owned by one of the corporations in the United States. A significant number of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in the territory of the CIS countries operate legally in most Western countries. This makes it impossible to organize prosecution of citizens who register extremist websites abroad and fill them with information.

In this case, the CIS states can only resort to blocking unwanted content with the help of a provider at the junction of the national network with the global one. The approximate number of blocked Internet pages in the CIS space can be judged from the work of the CSTO information center, which, in the period 2009-2010, restricted access to 600 terrorist sites, as well as about 2 thousand sites focused on inciting ethnic and religious hatred. The numbers are impressive, but the average user without special work can find the web page of interest. He can freely enter the websites of the most famous extremist organizations in the world: the IMU, Turkish religious radicals, Caucasian separatists and terrorists, Hizb ut-Tahrir and many others.

We have to admit that the special services cannot cope with the volume of work in the Internet space. And this is despite the help from the courts and the prosecutor's office, which, in accordance with the appeals of citizens, annually make independent decisions to block dozens of sites.

Reliable protection of the CIS states from propaganda by religious extremist organizations requires large financial outlays. In this regard, it is expedient either to form a common information center, which will be financed by all member countries of the Commonwealth in accordance with their economic capabilities, or it is necessary to strengthen the exchange of information between states on this issue. This problem is especially relevant for countries with weak economies that cannot afford large financial injections into the sphere of protection against the ideology of religious extremist movements on the Internet, but in which the threat of seizure of power by religious radicals is the strongest.

In Ukraine, there is no list of organizations officially classified as extremist at all. The most famous example of Islamic radicalism in Ukraine is the Hizb ut-Tahrir party, which is also banned in many countries, and in Russia it has been recognized as a terrorist organization by a court. Although the Hizb ut-Tahrir party has been denied registration in Ukraine, its official website continues to propagate the organization's ideology. “Attempts to limit the spread of the ideology of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Crimea were made by the Ukrainian security service when access to the websites of the party and the party newspaper was blocked in July this year,” the expert says. - It looked completely logical, given that the activity of this party in Ukraine is illegal, and its goals are unconstitutional. However, in this moment Both sites are working normally for some reason."

The United States, which, along with several non-European countries (Canada, Japan and South Africa), was among the 30 countries that joined the convention, which was the result of four years of difficult negotiations and negotiations within the Council of Europe, blocked attempts to include provisions in the treaty that would restrict freedom of expression on the Internet. nationalist, chauvinist views. And a similar position was taken by the United States just a month after President Bush signed a law, prepared extremely quickly after the September events, allowing the intervention of intelligence agencies in computer networks and individual computers where there is minimal suspicion that their owners are involved in terrorist activities.

Thus, an active fight against extremism on the Internet is being conducted in many countries of the world, but the question of the effectiveness of this work remains open.

The formation and rapid development of the transnational Internet system, to which all hitherto existing mechanisms and principles of control over the information environment turn out to be inapplicable, not only enriched extremists of various kinds (neo-Nazis, racists, skinheads, chauvinists, religious fanatics) with an extremely powerful tool for propagating their views and mobilizing like-minded people .

In order for the task of combating extremism to be successfully solved, a number of comprehensive measures are needed that provide for an effective social policy, the formation of a well-thought-out system of political education of citizens, especially young people, the creation of a socially oriented legal system.

The need for these events is quite obvious, since today there are threats of violence, both from the authorities and from the population. Today, the need to involve all branches of government, law enforcement agencies and the population in activities to eliminate the causes that give rise to extremist manifestations, as well as to coordinate their efforts, is obvious.

In terms of blocking extremism as a criminal manifestation, it is necessary to improve the legal framework, strengthen the activities of special services, and also intensify ideological work.

Resist information extremism necessary, using advanced scientific and technical developments. In particular, computer monitoring of the global Internet. Unfortunately, at present, such studies are practically not carried out in Russia, and the necessary budgets are not allocated in sufficient volume. In a situation of lack of funds, it is not possible to create a modern software for automated Internet monitoring of rumors, so our country will constantly lag behind the technologically advanced countries of the West and East.

This situation, in turn, has a negative impact on the information and national security of our country. It is no secret that the technological superiority of one country over another can lead to the unleashing of information wars, the use of tools of information terrorism, etc. Now the Russian segment of the Internet is dominated by almost complete permissiveness of provocateurs, aggressive communicators, extremists, isolated cases of criminal prosecution for information attacks on the Internet are not change the situation in better side. The problem requires an immediate solution with the involvement of scientists and practitioners.

Melnikova D.P., student, Mordovia State Pedagogical Institute. M.E.Evsevyeva

...

What is extremism on the Internet - an explanation to a minimum.
Extremism on the Internet on every page from top to bottom. Materials, after all, are published in languages. Languages are artificial. One of the means of deception imposed by extremists from childhood is the destruction of the “rudiments of self-consciousness”. The description of events and their explanation do not coincide with what is seen or seen - an independent awareness of what is happening.
Anything further kills everything: advertised products, long live something, go somewhere, articles about culture, about nature - nature has long been gone, etc.
No measures are taken by law enforcement agencies against malicious extremists. According to the Talmud, mosquitoes are allowed to bite. If you slap, the same authorities will accuse the defender of terrorism. They will undermine their health (“give them the nerves of the goyim” - Kat-s of a Jew in the USSR) or they will kill them legally. The guards and most of the "prisoners" are secret servants of Judaism. This, by the way, is widely known.
And how long will such a global concert continue?
The end will still come. Answer unbelted punks will not have to according to the laws.

...

I profess Islam. Am I an extremist? Why, at any mention of jihad, does everyone break down and start saying that I am an extremist, a terrorist? Jihad in our faith is the fight against ourselves, the fight against hypocrites and the fight against vices. I don't kill people, I try to put them on the right path. Why am I an extremist? We have a free country, a free religion. I can tell a man brother, you are wrong, you are not acting according to the will of Allah - this is jihad. Jihad is not extremism.

...

Well, don't tell me about Roskomnador
Now there are far fewer openly extremist sites than there were before the law on quick blocking without trial. But the fact that the arguments on extremist websites have increased is yes. Now you can’t catch the youth with empty slogans

Roskomnadzor?

And how do you evaluate the work of RosKomNadzor? Even the Russian-speaking part of the Internet is full of materials on extremist topics, not to mention the entire network, and even more so the darknet. Should be jailed for life for extremism. You can’t put your brains back in place for such people, they are lost for a normal civilized society

Based on recent events...

It seems that a lot of things have been banned by law and work on tracking and blocking is underway, but whatever one may say, Syria is a clear example of the fact that extremist propaganda will always find its audience. They strangle him, and he continues to climb from under the floor. One gets the feeling that this can be fought only by force - by exterminating the distributors in the bud.

Where is my 2012?

read this article and was surprised that there was not a word about Roskomnadzor. And then I saw a year of the article and everything fell into place ... In general, it seems to me that in four years a lot of things have changed regarding law enforcement practice for blocking sites with obscene content and "life has become more fun."

Poor Borchik, how I feel sorry for the "Fighter for Justice".

This is the data of our GUARDIAN for social justice(incomplete) from his tax return:
... in 2006, Nemtsov's total income amounted to only 516 thousand 943 rubles. In addition, Nemtsov had several bank deposits: 30 thousand 693 rubles 34 kopecks, 378 thousand 775 rubles 36 kopecks and 132 thousand 872 rubles 79 kopecks ... In 2008, untold wealth suddenly fell on the unemployed Boris Efimovich Nemtsov. According to the declaration filed by the then candidate for mayor of Sochi, Nemtsov, he became the happy owner of an income of 183 million rubles (!!!). This amount was brought to him by the Fund for Social Support of Civil Society and the Fund Public programs”(completely mysterious structures that are not even on Wikipedia), income from deposits in Alfa-Bank (how much money you need to keep there in order for such interest to run up) and securities purchase and sale operations (an exchange broker, however). Boris Nemtsov acquires a luxurious apartment of 172 square meters located in the super-luxury residential complex "Malaya Ordynka, 3", the minimum price per square meter in the residential complex "Malaya Ordynka, 3" in 2008 was more than 18,000 dollars or, respectively, 540 thousand rubles...

Well, what - let's fight for the FREEDOM OF THE BORGAN AREA ?????

If you post a picture of a cannabis leaf on the Internet, then from the point of view of the law you are promoting drugs - these words executive director organizations of graduates of the Institute of Law, Economics and Management of Tyumen State University Yaroslav Ilyin forced the students who came to the "Open School of Law" to quiet down. Not all of them knew about it, just as they did not suspect what kind of status "Russia for Russians" or a picture with a swastika posted in social network face administrative liability.
How to behave in the Internet space in order not to go beyond the law? And how to protect yourself and your loved ones from dangerous information on the Web? These questions were answered by the public educational project "Open School of Law", implemented within the walls of the Tyumen State University. At its May meeting, experts in the field of law, specialists from state and federal structures held a lesson in legal education, talking about the "black lists" of sites and prohibitions on the Internet.
It is believed that the Internet is a free space where there is almost no censorship. So, here you can behave as you like. However, free behavior often fits the definition of such a socially dangerous phenomenon as extremism.
- Today, extremism on the Internet has received new round development - images, videos and other materials of extremist content are presented as a joke, - sociologist Maria Puzankova believes. - Many users often do not understand the essence of such content, do not imagine that they are responsible for its distribution.
The understanding of extremism is constantly expanding. In the virtual space, for example, it exists in the form of propaganda. Everyone knows that the swastika is a Nazi paraphernalia. However, in some subcultures, it is considered a sign of the sun. But the law of the Russian Federation "On perpetuating the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945" the use of Nazi symbols in any form as insulting the multinational people and the memory of the victims suffered in the Great Patriotic War is prohibited.
- For propaganda you will be brought to administrative responsibility. And you will not only pay a fine, but also risk complicating your job search - not every employer will accept an extremist into the team, - Yaroslav Ilyin develops the topic.
Over the past four years, the phenomenon of "trolling" has spread on the Internet - virtual communication with a violation of ethics, expressed in the form of various forms of aggressive, mocking and offensive behavior to escalate conflicts. And this action falls under the concept of extremism, one of the points of which is the promotion of exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation. The platform for such communication is most often news sites, forums, conferences, where comments are not moderated.
Finding a "troll" and forcing him to delete offensive information is quite problematic, but possible. There is an article in Administrative Code, which provides for the right of citizens to demand in court a refutation of information that discredits the honor and dignity of a person.
Separately, we can say about the promotion of drugs. Although it is not included in the legal definition of extremism, reckless online activity can also result in punishment. Pictures, which depict powders with the signature of drug names, and a description of how their positive effect on the human body and psyche are regarded as an offense.
Many departments are working to ensure that dangerous information does not spread through the virtual space. Olga Balandyuk, head of the control department in the field of mass communications of the Roskomnadzor of Russia for the Tyumen region, spoke about the existence of a unified register of prohibited sites. If you come across information on the Internet that, in your opinion, is dangerous, you can enter it into this register on the website zapret-info.gov.ru. Your information will be verified. At the moment in single register domain names containing information, the distribution of which is prohibited in the Russian Federation, contains about 8,000 links.
- The girl who posted the swastika sign on the social network page claimed that it was a sign of the sun. A minor citizen was brought to administrative responsibility, - told a case from prosecutorial practice Yaroslav Ilyin. She did not suspect that her action was of an extremist nature.
Very often, offenses occur due to ignorance of the laws and thoughtlessness of their behavior on the Web. Therefore, in order to protect yourself on the Internet, it is enough to simply be critical of the information that is published there, analyze it and think about the consequences of your actions.

About 8000 sites are blacklisted.

Problems of countering the spread of extremism through the Internet. The plan of the elective course "Ensuring the information security of the student's personality in modern conditions"

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