How to make production efficient social science. How to make production efficient and profitable

The efficiency of production is the main condition of its activity and the purpose of its organization. It can only be achieved through effective management. The effectiveness of management, as well as of production itself, must ensure quality standards, this the most important criterion, by which one can judge not only the current state of affairs in this production, but also the prospects for its development, the viability and competitiveness of the enterprise.

Instruction

Include senior management in the process of managing the enterprise. It is in his hands that the possibilities of developing quality standards for this enterprise and the levers that will motivate employees for their strict implementation are in their hands. These may be measures of a repressive nature, but they should be used only along with incentive measures.

Staff and employees should also be included in the management process production and take part in production meetings on issues of improving the quality of products or services provided.

Consumers should also participate in the management of truly efficient production. Ultimately, it is they who determine the need for a given product and evaluate its quality. Adjust feedback with the consumer, and you will always be one step ahead of your competitors.

Ensure quality control of the services, goods or products provided at each production stage. Conduct training for middle managers and managers, create a system internal audit.

Analyze the factors that may affect the quality of your products. They are uncontrollable and those that can be controlled. The latter include the normal functioning of the equipment, the quality of raw materials, and the qualifications of personnel. Your task is to ensure a decent level of these factors and minimize the impact of uncontrollable ones.

For the most part, entrepreneurs are aware that the organization of production is a responsible step that requires serious preparation. To achieve the required profitability indicators, it is necessary to carefully plan the activities of the enterprise at each stage - from the search for suppliers of raw materials to the sale of finished products. But foresee everything possible options development of events is impossible, and therefore the influence of external or internal factors sometimes leads to an unexpected decrease in profits for the business owner.

In such circumstances, the entrepreneur inevitably raises the question - how to make production profitable? Obviously, the easiest way is to initially choose a line of business that is in demand and popular with customers, and then try to maintain your position by implementing a balanced and thoughtful management strategy. However, practice shows that due to properly carried out optimization measures, it is possible to significantly increase the profitability of almost any enterprise, while a frivolous attitude to this issue can bring even the most profitable business to the brink of bankruptcy.

How to improve production efficiency?

Almost all entrepreneurs in theory know how to make the production of services and goods efficient: for this, it is necessary to maximize profits while minimizing costs. It would seem that the most in a simple way increasing profitability is austerity, but after reaching a certain limit, it begins to bring only harm to the enterprise. Therefore, the problem must be solved comprehensively, using all available ways optimizations:

1. The search for suppliers should be done constantly. New companies often appear on the market, trying to attract customers with favorable conditions;
2. When choosing equipment, you need to give preference to used foreign lines. Foreign users carefully follow the rules of operation, because the condition of such machines may be close to the factory;
3. It is necessary to constantly engage in the optimization of personnel in order to reduce the cost of the payroll. It is recommended to outsource non-core operations, as well as to attract cheap labor to perform simple routine work;
4. Machines must not be idle. Since it is possible to make production efficient only with the continuous operation of the equipment, it is advisable to hire additional employees to organize shift work;
5. To motivate staff, a combined form of remuneration should be established - for example, in the form of a small rate and a bonus that the worker receives only when the production plan is fulfilled;
6. It is necessary to place production as close as possible to sources of raw materials and places of sale of products. This way you can reduce transport costs;
7. To reduce the cost of products, it is necessary to reduce their material consumption, replace individual components with cheaper analogues, and try to reduce the amount of waste;
8. The introduction of energy-saving technologies, reducing the consumption of electricity and fuel also helps to minimize overhead costs;
9. Considering how production can be made profitable, attention should be paid to the policy of reusing resources through their processing, recycling and regeneration;
10. To reduce operating costs, it is necessary to liquidate, sell or lease unnecessary or rarely used fixed assets;
11. Increasing production capacity can be achieved by modernizing and updating production lines, installing automatic machines.

What production is profitable to open?

Studying the most profitable lines of business, you can see that high level profitability is typical for the production of goods that are massively demanded by private buyers.

These include:

• Food;
• Clothes and accessories;
• Textile products for the home;
• Cabinet, upholstered and country furniture;
• Construction and finishing materials;
• Children's toys and attractions;
• Goods for pets;
• Souvenir products.

Moreover, small enterprises often perform better than large factories. economic indicators. The reason for this phenomenon is simple: such subjects entrepreneurial activity usually do not have extra funds, and therefore cannot afford to maintain unnecessary assets, hire a large number of support staff and divert resources.

Food

Why is food production so profitable? The need for food is the most important for any person, so eggs, dairy and bakery products, meat and fish, oil and vegetables are in demand regardless of the state of the economy and the political situation. Moreover, even exotic and unusual goods for the domestic consumer sometimes become in demand and find their buyers.

In this business, you can always find free niches: despite the high level of competition, the manufacturer of high-quality and inexpensive products will certainly take its place in the market. Also, recently there has been an increase in the interest of citizens in healthy nutrition, which leads to an increase in the popularity of small businesses that are guaranteed to comply with technology and use only organic raw materials. Which production is profitable to open:

1. . Due to the imposition of sanctions on the import of dairy products, free niches appeared on the domestic market. Therefore, there is a growing demand for products made at small cheese dairies in a handicraft way, according to foreign or old domestic recipes;
2. Cake baking. large factories, producing standard cakes from inexpensive raw materials, cannot satisfy the market demand for high-quality exclusive desserts. For this reason, small-scale production of cakes from natural ingredients on order or in small batches becomes profitable;
3. Production of pasta. Pasta, popular due to the wide range and affordable prices, can be found on the tables of absolutely all categories of consumers. Both budget products and expensive ones made according to special recipes are in demand;
4. Production of smoked meats. Is it profitable to engage in the production of smoked meat, fish and sausages as part of a small business? Undoubtedly: large factories widely used in technological process liquid smoke and other surrogates, which significantly worsen the taste and quality of the finished product.

Clothes and accessories

With a decrease in income, citizens massively begin to switch from branded goods to good-quality domestic products: this fact inspires aspiring entrepreneurs who want to start tailoring. However, opening a sewing shop requires a thorough preparation, as numerous tailors who previously worked in different ateliers are also trying to fill this niche. To compete with them, you need not only entrepreneurial, but also creative qualities.

At the initial stage, the company should not try to capture the widest possible segment or enter into competition With famous brands: such a policy requires the attraction of huge resources and the experience of managing them. It is better to single out a rather narrow target audience in the middle price niche, for which the quality of the product is more important than the logo on the tag. Which production is profitable in Russia:

1. Sewing factory. Consumers are no longer enthusiastic about Chinese or Polish products, which are massively imported by sellers: the quality of such products leaves much to be desired, and the dimensions do not meet the standards. Against this background, good-quality inexpensive clothes sewn at local factories look advantageous;

2. Sewing bags. When studying which production is the most profitable, it should be noted that every woman annually buys one or two new bags. Men also show interest in business briefcases, backpacks and travel cases. In addition to such a purchase will be made in a similar style:

• Purses and wallets;
• Cosmetic bags;
• Key holders, cases for glasses;
• Cases for mobile devices.

3. Tailoring of leather gloves. Gloves are used not only for protection from the cold, but also as a fashion accessory. In addition, athletes, motorcyclists and cyclists periodically buy special gloves. For the manufacture of such products do not need a large area and expensive machines;

4. Manufacturing of leather belts. Is the production of leather belts profitable? There is an abundance of cheap Chinese and expensive European products on the market, while the middle segment is less than half full. There is also a certain demand for exclusive products. self made.

Home textiles

Home textiles are a variety of fabric products intended for use in everyday life. This category includes towels, bed linen, tablecloths, covers and bedspreads, blankets, curtains and decorative draperies. According to buyers, such products should combine the original appearance, functionality and practicality: the hostess is unlikely to like a napkin that does not absorb moisture well, or a towel that sheds when washed.

Planning an organization textile production, you must first study the needs of the customers for whom it will be designed. Yes, in small settlements people prefer to focus solely on low price. IN major cities on the contrary, cost is a secondary factor, inferior in importance to high quality. The most popular, of course, is the middle price niche, however, due to high competition, it is quite difficult for a beginner to take a place in it. Which production is profitable to open in Russia:

1. Making decorative pillows. Throw pillows are easy to use in interior design in almost any style. In addition, bright and original products are used as gifts.

On small production you can sew:

• Pillows for decorating furniture;
• Souvenir pillows with images and inscriptions;
• Branded pillows for hotels;
• Pillows in the form of objects or letters.

1. Production of eurofences. Choosing a method of fencing their plots, owners of private houses prefer inexpensive structural materials that have an attractive appearance. Such properties are possessed by eurofences, for the production of which only a vibrating table, a concrete mixer and a welding machine are needed;

2. Production of aerated concrete blocks. Due to low weight, high strength and good thermal insulation aerated concrete blocks widely used in construction. Similar business with minimum investment, which does not require complex tools and technologies;

3. Foam production. Polyfoam is the most popular heat-insulating material that combines low price, light weight and durability. These characteristics determine its use for:

• Insulation of building structures and ceilings;
• Production of decorative elements;
• Insulation of pipelines, heating mains;
• Product packaging, electronics and medical products.

Production of SIP panels. Such a building envelope consists of two sheets of corrugated board or OSB, between which polystyrene foam insulation is glued. As a business, it involves the use of SIP panels as the main elements of walls and ceilings.

Toys and attractions

Structure studies Russian market toys show that practically in all its segments there are no signs of shortages, and the variety of goods is sufficient to satisfy any wishes of consumers. At the same time, the share of domestic producers in this industry does not exceed 15%. The remaining parts are high-quality, but expensive products of well-known world brands (40%), and cheap Chinese handicrafts from raw materials of dubious origin (45%).

Many parents demonstrate their readiness to buy toys of the middle price segment, produced by domestic entrepreneurs, but most often they do not find what they are looking for on the shelves. The problems here are boring design and a limited range, only occasionally replenished with interesting new products. Therefore, the business prospects for the manufacture of original and high-quality products from safe materials seem obvious. Which mini-production is profitable to open:

1. Sewing toys according to children's sketches. This idea is quite difficult to implement, since for each product you have to make your own patterns and patterns. However, parents who want to please the child with a character sewn according to his drawing are unlikely to refuse to spend 3,000–5,000 rubles on such a toy;

2. Sewing anti-stress toys. Toys are sewn from elastic fabric and filled with granular material, so it is pleasant to crumple and deform them. Why is this profitable production for small businesses attracting entrepreneurs? Basically, due to the simplicity of the technology and the high margin on finished products;

3. Manufacture of wooden toys. In the past, wood was massively used to make toys, but with the development of plastic processing technologies, the fashion for it has passed. Today, this material is once again becoming relevant, because:

• The tree is environmentally friendly and harmless to children;
• Toys are produced in small series with an exclusive design;
• In terms of strength, wood is not inferior to plastic, and in terms of tactile sensations, it surpasses it.

Trampoline manufacturing. As a business idea, it seems promising mainly due to the simplicity of the technology and the growing demand from customers who are disappointed in the low quality of Chinese products.

The most popular are:

• Inflatable air trampolines;
• inflatable slides;
• Inflatable advertising figures.

Goods for pets

Business in this area is characterized by fairly wide opportunities and a large number of types of products suitable for production. For example, you can implement your ideas in the segment of pet products - cats, dogs, fish, birds and other small pets. Obviously, the owners, trying to create the most comfortable living conditions for them, willingly spend money on special food, accessories, furniture and hygiene products.

No less interesting and promising direction is the production of goods for businessmen engaged in farming and industrial breeding of poultry and animals. The needs of such enterprises in feeders, drinking bowls, cellular batteries, heating and ventilation systems, compound feed and other similar products significantly exceed the volumes characteristic of the private market.

What kind of production is profitable for a small business:

1. Making food for pets. Such food does not need to be prepared, which greatly simplifies the process of feeding a pet. Canned food is made mainly from thermally processed and crushed offal, and dry food is made from meat processing waste with the addition of plant components and vitamins;

2. Making furniture for animals. Pet owners try to provide their pets with not only high-quality feeding, but also a comfortable existence in an apartment. Which goods are profitable to produce?

• Mattresses, rugs and hammocks for cats and dogs;
• Houses for cats and booths for dogs;
• Multi-level play structures for cats;
• Reduced versions of ordinary furniture for any pets;
• Claws.

3. Feed production. The idea is designed to meet the needs of businessmen engaged in livestock, poultry and fish farming. Often they are forced to order the delivery of compound feed from afar, since there are no producers of a quality product in the immediate vicinity of the farms;

4. Fabrication of mesh cells. Metal cages are bought mainly by farmers and owners of household plots that breed birds and animals. When choosing which production to open in 2020, you can study the demand among the inhabitants of nearby villages and start making such cages in your garage.

Souvenir products

The souvenir business includes a huge number of areas belonging to one of two categories - advertising or consumer. The first combines various goods used in the activities of enterprises and equipped with the customer's branding - image, promotional souvenirs and gifts for managers. The second is gift, tourist and commemorative items, as well as handmade souvenirs purchased by ordinary citizens for personal purposes.

Thanks to such a variety in the souvenir business, they can find their place as big players that manufacture products for corporate customers, as well as private workshops that produce gifts in small batches. The industry is constantly evolving, so new technologies, complex multifunctional machines and modern composite materials.

Which production is profitable now:

• Printing on mugs or t-shirts. Thanks to the technology of thermal transfer printing, such souvenirs can be made even in single copies. It takes a few minutes to apply an image, therefore, when a center is opened in a place with high traffic, an order is made directly in front of the client;
• Making souvenir magnets. In any small business, the most profitable production should be based on the mass and availability of the product. So, unusual souvenir magnets made of vinyl, wood, ceramics and rubber are in great demand as gifts for friends and souvenirs for tourists;
• Production of photocrystals. To make a crystal, a picture, photograph or company logo is printed on a transparent film, which is then glued with reverse side thick glass. This idea can be realized with small investment and a minimum set of equipment;
• Making business cards from wood. Represents a new production in Russia in 2020, which can become popular due to the increased availability of laser engraving machines. To get additional profit, you need to make not only business cards, but also postcards, wedding invitations.

Conclusion

In addition to those described above, there are hundreds and thousands of other lines of business, each of which, with the right approach, can become very profitable. For example, the production of polycarbonate greenhouses or the production of metal fasteners can bring significant profits to a successful entrepreneur.

Certainly the organization production activities seems difficult for beginners: the owner of such a company must simultaneously know the secrets of technology and the rules for operating equipment, understand personnel management and be able to sell. However, numerous examples of efficiently operating enterprises show that this large-scale task is quite solvable.

Before talking about how to make production efficient, how to create efficient production or how to improve the efficiency of existing production, it is necessary, in my opinion, to define what is "efficient production".

And the definition is very simple:

Efficient production, and indeed an efficient enterprise in general, is an enterprise that satisfies simple conditions:

• it earns more.
• it spends less.

All other indicators are a game of numbers.

An efficient business is a business that earns more and spends less. But how to do that? These questions are brilliantly answered by Goldratt's Theory of Constraints, the implementation of which at enterprises around the world (even Toyota notes this) has already proved this many times.

If these two simple rules to rephrase, it becomes clearer how to do it:

• it is an enterprise that produces what the market needs.
• it does it quickly and on time.
• it produces it qualitatively.
• it produces it at minimal cost (investment).

A very simple example that illustrates this:

Let's say you're making a product. For simplicity and clarity, let's assume that you produce it sequentially. That is, according to the principle “produced - sold - produced - sold”, etc. You earn n rubles on each product.

If the production rate is one week, then you will earn a maximum of 52n rubles per year.

If the production rate is a month, then you will earn 12n.

Obviously, increasing the speed of production is the key to increasing the level of production efficiency in particular and the enterprise as a whole.

How much are you spending?

Let's say your revenue is 1,000,000. And in your warehouses you have stocks (+ work in progress) for 10,000,000. And who said that your stocks cannot be equal to your revenue or even be less?

Stocks must be. There should not be many of them so as not to freeze working capital, they should not be small, so that production does not stop because of this.

How much do you need to spend to earn a ruble? This ratio reflects your productivity.

You can also spend in different ways. Your inventory is your cost. It's the money you tied up, frozen. Less inventory means less cost.

The speed of production is directly related to how much you earn. In other words, production rate is the time you lose before you earn.

You will say that you cannot influence the speed of production because your machines cannot run faster. It's not about the machines. It's about how many losses you have. Pick up any of your products. What is its net labor intensity (that is, the time of direct processing by machines, people)? Now compare the net labor input with real time production of this product. The speed of production is not the speed of processing some part by some machine or some person. The production rate is the time that elapses from the start of the first production order on the product, until the delivery of the FINAL product. The fact that one of your machines processes parts at an incredible speed does not change anything at all. The speed of not one section is important, but the entire production as a whole.

Let's say your production is a black box. On the one hand, it includes components (raw materials, materials), and on the other hand it comes out finished products. The time from the first event to the second is the speed of your production. And here everything is not at all as rosy as with the speed of processing a certain semi-finished product by one of the machines in the process of manufacturing the product.

The coefficient reflecting the ratio of net labor intensity and real production time can be tens or even hundreds. It could be a huge loss. All these losses lead to a significant increase in the volume of work in progress and a decrease in the overall speed of production and, as a result, efficiency.

Losses can be divided into several main areas:

• waiting for a resource (machine, human).
• waiting for components or related products.
• loss in logistics.

Waiting for a resource

When the part enters the site, it turns out that the site is occupied by some other task and will not be free soon. This situation is a consequence of the incorrect setting of priorities in the execution of tasks. This means that there is simply no system in production that clearly defines the sequence in which tasks should be performed on the site. What task in this moment time is the most important thing? Which task should be completed first, and which can wait?

Who and how decides which task to perform? What system does he use? What is the logic behind determining the importance of tasks?

If there is no such logic, then the necessary tasks will always, as luck would have it, be completed last. They will be somewhere at the bottom.

Just think about it. Take any section (painting, cutting, drilling, etc.). New assignments are coming to the site all the time. Find out on what principle the execution sequence is determined? I’m even interested, contact me through my LiveJournal, for example, and tell me. If you have the courage and you implement a system of priorities, then later you will tell what has changed and how.

Determining the priority of tasks should depend on the complexity of the task, the timing of the final product and the availability of components. Each area should simply have a list of tasks sorted by priority. This system is described in Goldratt's book That Same Goal. The priority system should not only determine the most important tasks for each site at the moment, but also determine which tasks to do no need.

This is a very simple system in logic, which is completely resistant to external factors. External factors is Murphy, who constantly haunts us all, breaking our plans and breaking them. I wrote about something similar. The system works extremely simply. You should always perform the highest priority task at the moment. If for some reason you cannot complete this task, just complete the next most important task.

It makes no sense to do the task if this semi-finished product will still lie for a week at the next section, waiting for the arrival of another semi-finished product or components. This approach does not affect the production speed in any way. It affects only the growth of work in progress. By completing a task in advance, you not only waste a resource in vain, but also consume components that would be very useful for a task that is actually important to do now. But now there are not enough components (you used them on a less important task), and the next task is waiting for components ...

Waiting for parts

One of the most embarrassing moments in production. You have everything: both machine resources and people. But no accessories. Sometimes the purchase can take weeks. This is a blow to the speed of production. Perhaps it is the waiting for components that can have the greatest effect in terms of increasing production time.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to support components. It should also be a system. Here, one component has a buffer in the amount of 10 pieces, but the second also has 10 pieces. And there and there there was consumption. The first in stock left five, and the second only 2 pieces. Replenishment of the buffer of the second component is more priority. This means that the purchasing department must also work according to a clear system. Not only should there be no “just in case” or “just in case” purchases, but all purchases should be carried out in strict accordance with the priorities of needs. First of all, you need to buy what is most needed now. Ask your buyers why they are buying this now, or why they are buying this right now and not in a week? What system do they use to determine what and when to buy?

But you can expect on the site not only purchased components, but also manufactured ones. It is wrong when a semi-finished product arrives at the site, and then lies there for a week, waiting for the second one. If the company has a clear system of priorities based on labor intensity and deadlines, then this should not be. And it won't.

Losses in logistics

I personally observed how the logistical movements of the product during the production process are not optimal. The production process should be like a flow. Enters on one side, exits on the other. It does not enter in the middle, then go to the end, then to the second floor, then return to the end of the first floor, then to the beginning, and end again in the middle.

And the transfer of semi-finished products between sites occurs through a warehouse, from which you can pick up only the next day, after filling out an application and waiting until the storekeeper is free. Well, you know these storekeepers - "I'm up to my neck without you," as they say.

5 steps

In the Theory of Constraints (in particular, in the book “That same goal” or “Goal1”), five main steps are described, the application of which will bring any production to a fundamentally different level. Subsequently, these five steps even received the common name "5 steps".

Step 1

Find the bottleneck. Find your boyfriend with the backpack from Goldratt's That Same Goal. I guess it's not the hardest thing to do. The bottleneck is the one with the most work (work in progress, blanks, whatever). It may happen that you have "heaps" in front of many production sites. So the weakest is the one in front of which there is the largest pile. But this is not always the case either. Heaps can be heterogeneous in essence (preparations that are completely different in essence lie in front of the sections). Then it's harder. But do not despair and do not rack your brains. Just assign one of these places as weak. The system will then correct you and help you determine this place accurately.

Step 2

Make the most of the weak link. The weak link should not work “for the warehouse”, only “for orders”. Eliminate the downtime of the weak link as much as possible. Minimize changeovers, shift changes, and anything else that stops this link. There is an opportunity to give part of the work of the weak link to the side - give it back.

Step 3

Coordinate and subordinate all other links to the weak one.

All sections of the production flow must work in the rhythm of a bottleneck.

Step 4

Zoom in throughput narrow link.

Step 5

Go back to step #1.


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The question of whether and effective worries almost all entrepreneurs. In fact, the prosperity and life of any production company directly depends on quality However, it is not necessary to consider problems with production separately from other processes in the enterprise. Since the business must always function as a whole, otherwise measures taken in only one sector may not bring the expected results.

The main problems of manufacturing enterprises

Virtually all organizations face similar challenges. In most cases, they are easy enough to identify, especially since many employees are well aware of them.

Considering that many enterprises suffer from such problems, it can be concluded that the cause of such phenomena is quite difficult to identify. Unfortunately, there are very rare cases when the solution to the problem lies in plain sight, or this solution is simple enough to quickly get rid of all negative manifestations.

Most of the time you have to do enough hard work, analyze and check all stages production cycle. Moreover, the analysis cannot be done in isolation from other processes of the company. So, the supply, sales, and accounting should be subjected to detailed study. To identify the weak link of any company, not only manufacturing, it is necessary to consider the entire path of the order under a magnifying glass: from the receipt of the application to the manager until the moment the goods are shipped to the client.

In fact, identifying the root cause that negatively affects the enterprise is the most important goal. And when deciding how to make production efficient, first of all, it is necessary to identify the root cause in order to focus efforts on it.

Causes of inefficient production

Very often, the identification of the main problems is complicated by the wrong formulation of the question. On the one hand, it is reasonable to reduce costs. The main expenses of any enterprise on which you can save:

• Save on rent.
• Save on raw materials.
• Save on wages.
• Save on material values.

However, these cost-cutting methods can lead to very negative consequences.

In turn, measures such as increasing staff or purchasing new machines can also have little effect on production efficiency. Its essence lies not in general or revenue. It is much more correct to calculate this parameter based on each person working in the enterprise.

This approach allows you to immediately see many weak points of production. In fact, the main problem of low profitability of any business quite often lies in the poor organization and coherence of all processes, as well as their opacity for the participants themselves.

What is needed for the success of production

The natural goal of every business owner is to maximize profits at minimum cost. Moreover, this issue is relevant for any sphere of production. Basic Methods achievements high profitability work in almost all industries. For example, how to make grain production efficient? Or how to increase the profitability of making school desks? When answering these questions, it is necessary to take into account similar performance indicators, as well as to carry out common basic optimization measures. Further work on improving production will come first to the specifics of the enterprise.

Considering that there is a reasonable limit to saving money, after which cost reduction can seriously harm the enterprise, the logical question arises: "How to make production efficient using other methods?"

Enhancement Methods

The most important method is to evaluate the effectiveness of each individual process and employee. It is possible to identify several necessary conditions, the implementation of which allows you to understand how to make production efficient:

• Each employee performs his duties. That is, you should not keep universal people who are responsible for many areas of work and eventually begin to make mistakes.
• Testing of all processes. This must be done in order to identify the most best options work.
• Remove repetitive actions. For example, when at the stage of working with a client, each person working with him enters data about him into his database. Usually this is a manager, then accounting, lawyers, etc.
• Transparency of all processes for employees. For example, the manager who accepted the application from the client must know whether he paid for it or not, at what stage the order is being fulfilled, etc. At the same time, the shop manager must also know what orders will arrive in the near future, whether there are any delays with raw materials.

Conclusion

Thus, the personal productivity of each employee comes to the fore, which allows you to get a truly efficient production. Russia has come a short way in terms of business development. Often, the lack of information makes it necessary to implement manufacturing enterprises methods copied from foreign companies.

However, this approach can have negative consequences, since many methods are simply not adapted to our realities.