Methods for studying the endocrine glands presentation. Biology presentation on the topic "endocrine glands"
1. Endocrine glands are called glands ...? A) having special ducts B) releasing substances into the cavity of an organ or on the surface of the skin C) A, C D) not having special ducts and releasing substances directly into the blood E) there is no correct answer among the given answers 2. What functions of the human body are regulated by somatotropic hormone? A) the activity of the adrenal glands B) the activity of the thyroid gland C) participates in the formation of sexual characteristics in adolescents D) regulates the function of the mammary glands E) regulates the growth and development of children and adolescents, the synthesis of proteins in the body 3. Hormones of the adrenal medulla have an effect, causing: A ) increase in blood pressure, accelerate the heart rate B) accelerate the heart rate, increase metabolism C) constrict skin vessels, slow down metabolism D) increase the body's resistance, increase metabolism, increase blood pressure, heart rate E) B, C
Diseases associated with the work of the pituitary gland The pituitary gland produces several hormones. One of them (growth hormone) affects human growth, with a lack of this hormone, growth slows down and the body length of an adult sometimes does not exceed 120 cm. It is curious that body proportions remain normal, mental abilities are preserved.
Robert Wadlow's height was 2m74cm. This disease led to a quick death, because. blood circulated poorly through his body and in the last years of his life he was forced to use crutches. The young man had a very calm and friendly character. Robert Wadlow with his grandmother
Myxedema ("mucous edema") is a disease caused by insufficient supply of organs and tissues with thyroid hormones. Due to a violation of protein metabolism, organs and tissues become edematous. In the intercellular spaces, the content of mucin and albumin increases. The basal metabolism in myxedema drops by 30-40%. Drowsiness, decrease in temperature, decrease in heart rate Facial expression - like a frozen mask.
Cretinism (from French cretín idiot, low-minded) is an endocrine disease caused by a lack of thyroid hormones, characterized by a pronounced decrease in thyroid function, delayed physical and mental development. One of the forms of congenital hypothyroidism. characteristic feature is growth retardation and mental retardation, sometimes reaching idiocy. Such patients with dwarf growth (90-110 cm, thyroid nanism) have an extremely disproportionate body structure: short limbs, large head, small slanting eyes, depressed bridge of the nose. The skin is thick and rough. Secondary sexual characteristics are underdeveloped.
INSULIN, an animal and human protein hormone produced by the pancreas. Lowers blood sugar by delaying the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and increasing the utilization of glucose by muscle and other cells. Lack of insulin leads to diabetes.
Addison's disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency, or hypocorticism, Addison's disease) is a rare endocrine disease, as a result of which the adrenal glands lose the ability to produce enough hormones, primarily cortisol. This pathological condition was first described by the British physician Thomas Addison Chronic fatigue, gradually worsening over time; muscle weakness; Loss of weight and appetite; Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain; low blood pressure, which decreases even more when standing (orthostatic hypotension); Hyperpigmentation of the skin in the form of spots in places exposed to solar radiation, known as "Addison's melasma"; Dysphoria, irritability, irascibility, dissatisfaction with everything; Depression; Craving for salt and salty foods, thirst, drinking plenty of fluids;
ADRENALIN, hormone of the adrenal medulla of animals and humans. Entering the blood, it increases oxygen consumption and blood pressure, blood sugar, stimulates metabolism, etc. With emotional experiences, increased muscular work, the content of adrenaline in the blood rises.
slide 2
- Human endocrine glands are small in size. They are abundantly supplied with blood and lymphatic vessels. The blood brings to them the necessary " construction material and takes away the hormones.
- The fibers of the autonomic nervous system are suitable for the endocrine glands.
slide 3
- The endocrine glands, as well as single endocrine cells scattered throughout various organs and tissues, have a different origin, unequal structure. However, all of them are involved in metabolic processes, in the humoral regulation of vital processes. Therefore, these glands are combined according to functional characteristics into a single endocrine apparatus.
slide 4
- Endocrine glands are divided into dependent and independent of the functions of the pituitary gland. The glands dependent on the pituitary gland include the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads.
- Parathyroid glands, pancreatic islets (pancreatic islets of Langerhans), adrenal medulla, paraganglia do not depend on the pituitary gland. The endocrine glands also include the pineal gland (pineal gland) and single hormone-producing cells (diffuse endocrine system).
slide 5
- The location of the endocrine glands in the human body:
- 1 - pituitary and epiphysis,
- 2 - parathyroid glands, 3 - thyroid gland,
- 4 - adrenal glands,
- 5 - pancreatic islets, 6 - ovary
slide 6
- The pituitary gland is a small gland. Its dimensions reach 10 - 15 mm, weight - 0.5 - 0.7 g. The pituitary gland is located in the pituitary fossa of the Turkish saddle of the sphenoid bone. The infundibulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
- The pituitary gland is a very important endocrine gland. It coordinates the functions of many other endocrine organs. In addition, the pituitary gland is both anatomically and functionally closely related to the hypothalamus, which regulates many vital functions.
Slide 7
- Being anatomically single, the pituitary gland is divided into three lobes - anterior, middle (intermediate) and posterior, having a different origin and structure. The anterior and middle lobes are united under the general name "adenohypophysis"
Slide 8
- The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is formed by epithelial tissue. A number of hormones are produced here: somatotropin, thyrotropin, prolactin, follitropin, lutropin and adrenocorticotropic hormone, which stimulate many processes in the body. Somatotropin has a wide spectrum of action - it stimulates bone growth, regulates metabolic processes in organism. Thyrotropin controls the functions of the thyroid gland. Prolactin affects the growth of the mammary glands and the secretion of milk. Follitropin and lutropin regulate the functions of the gonads, stimulate the release of sex hormones. Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulates the functions of the adrenal cortex, the release of steroid hormones.
Slide 9
- The middle lobe of the pituitary gland is narrow, built from epithelial tissue. The cells of the middle lobe secrete the hormones melanocytotropin, which regulates the synthesis of melanin pigment, and lipotropin, which activates fat metabolism.
Slide 10
- The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neuro-hypophysis) is formed by nervous tissue. It does not synthesize hormones. The biologically active substances oxytocin and vasopressin, produced by the nuclei of the hypothalamus, are transported to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, where they accumulate and are released into the blood. Oxytocin improves smooth muscle tone internal organs, vasopressin increases blood pressure, delays the release of water from the body.
- Considering the close morphofunctional relationship between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus, it is customary to distinguish the hypothalamic-pituitary system. The fact is that the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus secrete biologically active substances that enter the pituitary gland and affect its functions. The neurosecrets of the small cell nuclei of the medial hypothalamus (gray eminence) through small venous vessels enter the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland, where they control the hormone-producing function of the adenohypophysis. The neurosecretions of the large cell nuclei of the hypothalamus along the axons of these cells reach the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, from where they are carried with the blood to the periphery.
slide 11
- The thyroid gland is located on the neck in front of the larynx. It distinguishes two lobes (right and left) and the isthmus connecting them. The mass of the gland of an adult is 20 - 30 g. The gland is covered on the outside with a connecting capsule, which divides the organ into lobules.
- The lobules consist of follicles - closed spherical formations with a cavity inside.
- The walls of the follicles consist of a single layer of epithelial cells.
- Each follicle is surrounded by a dense network of blood capillaries.
- The cavity of the follicles contains a thick viscous colloid, which includes the hormone thyroxine. Thyroid hormones are rich in iodine, they have a great influence on many metabolic processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamins. The release of hormones from the thyroid gland is regulated by their concentration in the blood. This regulation is carried out at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
slide 12
- The adrenal gland is located above the upper pole of the kidney. This is a paired organ. The mass of one adrenal gland in an adult is about 12 - 13 g. Being anatomically a single organ, the adrenal gland essentially consists of two glands, represented by the cortical and medulla. In the cortical substance of the adrenal glands, according to the structure and function, three zones are distinguished: glomerular, fascicular and reticular. The cells of each zone synthesize their specific hormones.
- The adrenal medulla is formed by clusters of large rounded or polygonal cells. The cells of the medulla produce the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and affect cardiovascular activity.
slide 13
- The structure of the thyroid follicles:
- 1 - blood capillaries,
- 2 - follicle,
- 3 - artery,
- 4 - glandular cells,
- 5 - colloid containing thyroid hormones
Slide 14
- Endocrine part of the genital glands. The sex glands produce sex hormones. In the female gonads - the ovaries - the cells of the follicular epithelium produce folliculin (estrogens), the corpus luteum - progesterone. In the sex glands of men - in the testicles - special cells interstitial endocrinocytes (Leydig cells) synthesize testosterone (androgen).
- Under the influence of sex hormones, the development of the reproductive apparatus, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual reflexes occur. Female sex hormones also contribute to changes in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, as well as the implantation of a fertilized egg and the development of the fetus.
slide 15
- The endocrine part of the pancreas is formed by groups of pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) surrounded by dense capillary networks. The total number of islets ranges from 1 to 2 million, the diameter of each is 100 to 300 microns. Pancreatic islets are scattered throughout the pancreas, but their highest concentration is observed in the tail of this organ. The cells of the islets produce two hormones that have the opposite effect on blood glucose levels - insulin and glucagon.
- Insulin is released in response to rising blood glucose levels. It is the only hormone that lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood. Insufficient secretion of insulin leads to diabetes mellitus. In this disease, the blood glucose level exceeds the maximum level at which glucose can still be absorbed in the urinary tubules of the kidneys, and it begins to be excreted in the urine.
slide 16
- The epiphysis, or pineal body, is located in the groove between the superior colliculus of the quadrigemina of the midbrain. The pineal gland has a rounded shape, weighs about 0.2 g. Neurosecretory cells of the pineal gland - pinealocytes - produce and secrete into the blood melatonin and a number of other biologically active substances that act directly on the working organs, have a regulatory effect on the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and sex glands, on pancreatic islets and adrenal glands, as well as inhibit puberty and increase the level of potassium in the blood.
Slide 17
- Single hormone-producing cells (diffuse endocrine system) are cells or groups of cells that produce biologically active substances that have a hormonal effect. The diffuse endocrine system includes endocrinocytes in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, neurosecretory elements of the hypothalamus and secretory cells in some other organs of the human body. The hormones of the cells of the diffuse endocrine system have both a local effect on neighboring, adjacent cells and tissues, and on the general functions of the body.
View all slides
Hormones (from the Greek chorus - I excite, set in motion) biologically active substances secreted by the endocrine glands and affecting the functions of tissues and organs. All hormones are organic substances (formed from protein, amino acids, fat-like substances) They are formed in the glands, they are carried throughout the body through the blood.
Functions of the pituitary gland: 1) anterior lobe - growth hormone, regulates growth 2) other hormones of the anterior pituitary gland regulate the maturation of the gonads, milk production in the mammary glands; affect the growth of the adrenal cortex, the development of the thyroid gland; 3) hormones of the posterior pituitary gland reduce the excretion of urine from the body, change metabolism, increase the contraction of small arteries, and increase blood pressure.
Diseases of the thyroid gland Myxedema (with deficiency) Signs of the disease: - Up to 30-40% reduced metabolism, especially protein metabolism; - water accumulates under the skin, the skin becomes dry, swollen; - body temperature drops - the activity of the heart decreases; - there is sluggishness of movements; - thinking, speech slow down; - hair falls out, becomes sparse.
Comparative characteristics glands Signs External secretion glands Endocrine glands Presence of ducts Yes No Excreted substances Biologically active substances Hormones Where secretion is secreted On the surface of the body or into the body cavity Into the blood Amount of secretion Milligrams, liters (mg, l) Micrograms (mcg) implements implements
With a deficiency, calcium metabolism is disturbed. Bones become brittle and brittle. Teeth become susceptible to decay. Chalk-like spots appear on them. The excitability of the nervous system increases, convulsions appear. With an excess, the calcium content in the bones decreases. They become flexible and bend easily. Calcium accumulates in the blood, liver, kidneys, and brain.
slide 1
.
MOU teacher Secondary School No. 16, Balashov, Saratov Region Kurenkova T.A.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
slide 2
"has always been and will be the most curious phenomenon for man!" V.G. Belinsky
Human
slide 3
harmonies
Biologically active substances of various chemical nature, formed in the endocrine glands, regulating body functions.
slide 4
Functions of hormones.
The endocrine system regulates: - metabolic processes of the body, - growth and development (mental, physical, sexual) of the body, - ensures the constancy of the internal environment (homeostasis) and the normal course of all biochemical processes
slide 5
Properties of hormones
1. They act in small concentrations. 2. They have high biological activity. 3. Differ in specificity of action (some act only on certain target organs); 4. They act through the blood and lymph. 5. Regulate the metabolic processes that take place in the cell
slide 6
humoral regulation.
COORDINATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY THROUGH BLOOD, LYMPH, TISSUE FLUID, WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF HORMONES.
Slide 7
nervous regulation.
Regulation of the vital activity of the body with the help of the nervous system
Slide 8
Endocrine system
. Glands of internal secretion.
Slide 9
Find out the causes of anomalies in human development.
Target:
Problem:
What are the causes of various deviations from normal development?
Slide 10
Thyroid
Located on top of the thyroid cartilage. Structure: two lobes connected by an isthmus and consisting of vesicles.
slide 11
Pancreas
Located below the stomach in the abdominal cavity Structure: islands of cells located in the abdominal cavity Hormone: insulin
slide 12
Pituitary
Located below the bridge of the brain Hormones: a) growth b) regulatory
slide 13
adrenal glands
Location: Above the top of the kidneys. Structure: The outer layer is cortical, the inner layer is medulla.
Slide 14
Health Planet program
slide 15
Thyroid
With a lack of iodine in the body, endemic goiter develops - an overgrowth of thyroid tissue.
slide 16
Thyroid
Regulates metabolism and body development. The hormone is thyroxine. With hypofunction - myxedema With hyperfunction - Graves' disease
Slide 17
Basedow's disease
Slide 18
Slide 19
adrenal glands
They mobilize the body in extreme situations and increase its performance and endurance. The main hormones are adrenaline and norepinephrine. The amount of hormones released depends on the physiological and psychological state of the body.
Slide 20
Small in mass, the adrenal glands produce 28 hormones. They regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, affect the content of Na, K in the body, stimulate the activity of the cardiovascular system.
Adrenaline in extreme situations is produced in large quantities. The heart beats faster, blood vessels constrict. In a matter of seconds, he mobilizes all forces. With such doping, everyday difficulties and stresses are not terrible.
The adrenal glands produce the hormone cortisol, which relieves inflammation and pain. In extreme situations, it supplies the muscles with additional energy. With a lack of cortisol, the work of the adrenal glands is disrupted, which leads to bronze disease.
slide 21
Dwarfism.
slide 22
Yoti Amge from the Indian city of Nagpur is the smallest girl in the world, according to the Indian Book of Records. The 15-year-old schoolgirl is only 58 cm tall and weighs 5 kg.
slide 23
GIANTISM, abnormal growth of a person or animal, exceeding the norm characteristic of the species. It is caused by a violation of the activity of the endocrine glands (mainly the pituitary, thyroid and sex glands).
slide 24
Pancreas
Regulates the synthesis and breakdown of sugar in the body. The main hormone is insulin. With hypofunction - diabetes mellitus. With hyperfunction - dizziness, weakness, loss of consciousness.
Slide 25
Comparative characteristics of endocrine diseases of students of MOU secondary school No. 16
Total number of students
Students with impaired thyroid (2011)
50
0
400
250
Comparative diagram of endocrine diseases of MOU secondary school No. 16 for 2006-2007. and 2010 - 2011
slide 26
Conducting and analyzing a sociological survey of students in grades 5-11
Causes of thyroid disorders. Conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
Do not use
Slide 27
Recommendations for the prevention of thyroid disorders:
Eat right - and the medicine is not needed. Eat fish - there will be quick legs. Carrots add blood. Dinner without vegetables is a holiday without music. The thyroid gland needs vitamins. Eat lemons, apples, cottage cheese, dark bread, walnuts. Less nervous avoid worries, stressful situations. Eat seafood daily. Seaweed 220,000 micrograms, iodine per 100 grams, cod liver 800 micrograms, pollock 150 micrograms. Relax in the summer by the sea, take iodomarin, add mineral salt from the Dead Sea to the bath, go in for active sports.
slide 1
slide 2
slide 3
slide 4
slide 5
slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
slide 11
slide 12
slide 13
Slide 14
slide 15
slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
slide 21
slide 22
slide 23
slide 24
Slide 25
slide 26
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
slide 30
Slide 31
slide 32
Slide 33
The presentation on the topic "Internal secretion glands" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Biology. colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 33 slide(s).
Presentation slides
slide 1
Endocrine glands
Shadrina Yulia Vasilievna Biology teacher Highest qualification category
slide 2
Endocrine glands, or endocrine glands, are glands that do not have excretory ducts and secrete physiologically active substances (hormones) directly into internal environment body is blood. Hormones entering the blood, together with the nervous system, provide regulation and control of important functions of the body, maintaining its internal balance (homeostasis), normal growth and development
slide 3
Glands of mixed secretion
Exocrine glands
Lacrimal glands; Salivary glands; Digestive glands; sweat glands; Sebaceous glands; Mammary gland.
Pituitary; hypothalamus; epiphysis; Thyroid; Epithelial body; Thymus - thymus Pancreas; Adrenals; Sex glands (ovaries, testes)
Pancreas; sex glands; Liver, etc.
body glands
slide 4
slide 5
slide 6
Hormones are substances of various classes (amino acids and their derivatives, peptides, proteins, steroids, etc.), which are usually produced and secreted by specialized glands. Some hormones have a direct regulatory effect on some organ, while others may have a programming effect, i.e. at a certain moment, they change the cells of any tissues for the entire subsequent time of their life.
Slide 7
- lower cerebral appendage, located at the base of the brain above the midbrain in the bone notch - the Turkish saddle.
pituitary gland pituitary gland
Slide 8
13 - pituitary gland 14 - adenohypophysis - anterior lobe 15 - tuberous part 16 - intermediate part 17 - distal part 19 - neurohypophysis - posterior lobe 20 - infundibulum 21 - nerve lobe 22 - pineal body
The structure of the pituitary gland
Slide 9
Anterior lobe
Growth Hormone (GH); Regulatory: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic), TSH (thyriotropic) FSH (follicle stimulating) LH (luteinizing) LTH (lactagenic).
posterior lobe
Vasopressin (ADH) Oxytocin;
Average share
Intermedin (melanocyte-stimulating)
Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
Slide 10
slide 11
P E R E D N I A D O L I
Enhanced function
reduced function
Ensuring body growth at a young age
At a young age, it causes gigantism, in adults - growth, an increase in body parts - acromegaly
Delays growth dwarfism; body proportions and mental development are normal
ACTH TSH FSH LH LTG
Regulate the activity of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland, sex glands, genital organs, lactation
Strengthening the activity of the listed glands
Weakening of the activity of the listed glands
Impact on the body
slide 12
BACK LOB I MIDDLE I D O L I
Contraction of the smooth muscles of the vessels and uterus. Reabsorption of water in the kidney
Decreased excretion of fluid in the urine
Increased excretion of fluid in the urine
Distribution of pigment in the skin
Increased pigmentation
Pigmentation reduction
ADG Intermedin
slide 13
(subtubercular region) It is a formation located at the base of the brain and is responsible for the autonomous functions of the body. Located in the diencephalon. Manages the endocrine system by secreting releasing hormones. It receives information from almost all parts of the brain and uses it to control many processes.
Hypothalamus
Slide 14
Releasing hormones enter the pituitary gland through the bloodstream, where, under their influence, the formation, accumulation and release of pituitary hormones occur.
Hypothalamic-pituitary system
slide 15
Liberins Statins
Stimulates the production of anterior pituitary hormones
Hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary gland
Hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland
Inhibit the production of anterior pituitary hormones
The effect of hormones on the body
slide 16
(pineal body) Located above the quadrigemina (an appendage of the brain)
Hormones Melatonin and others.
They inhibit the production of pituitary hormones, which inhibits puberty. Adaptation.
Slows down puberty
Accelerates puberty. Decreased adaptability.
Slide 17
It has two lobes connected by an isthmus, consisting of microscopic vesicles - follicles
Located in front of the neck, to the outside of the windpipe - the trachea, under the Adam's apple
Thyroid
Slide 18
The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is necessary for the normal development of the body and metabolism. Iodine is required for the production of thyroxin.
T I R O X I N
Stimulates growth and development, enhances metabolism, excitation of the nervous system, heat release
At an early age - increased heat transfer, exhaustion. In adults - Graves' disease - growth of the gland (goiter), bulging eyes, increased heart rate, irritability. Increased appetite, weight loss.
At an early age - cretinism (dementia, mental retardation), dwarfism, delayed sexual development. In adults - myxedema (mucous edema), puffiness, lethargy, fatigue, drowsiness.
thyroxine
Slide 19
- pathological enlargement of the thyroid gland
Simple (endemic) Occurs when there is a lack of iodine, which is necessary thyroid gland for the formation of hormones
Types of goiter
Toxic Associated with an excess of thyroid hormones - hyperthyroidism, as in particular with Graves' disease
Symptoms - depends on the degree of enlargement of the thyroid gland. There may be thickening of the necks on the sides of the windpipe. With toxic goiter, increased fatigue, irritability, sweating, palpitations, trembling of the hands and the whole body are characteristic.
Slide 20
11 - superior parathyroid gland (right and left lobes) 12 - inferior parathyroid gland (right and left lobes)
Located on the back of the thyroid gland. Dimensions (with a grain of rice), total weight - 0.1-0.13 gr.
Epithelial body
slide 21
Parathyroid hormones regulate the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood as they are used by the body. Hypofunction of the gland - a decrease in the content of calcium in the blood - causes the intake a certain amount hormone into the bloodstream. Hyperfunction - increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys and a similar process in the intestines
slide 22
or thymus - an organ of the immune system. It is located in the thoracic region and undergoes regression after puberty.
23 - thymus 24 - lobe (right/left) 26 - thymus lobules
Regulates immune and growth processes (hormone thymosin), produces lymphocytes that affect other lymphocytes that secrete antibodies.
Thymus
slide 23
Located on the upper poles of the kidneys and consisting of two layers: cortical and cerebral.
29 - adrenal gland 30 - anterior surface 31 - posterior surface 32 - renal surface 33 - upper edge 34 - medial edge 35 - gate 36 - central vein 37 - cortical substance 38 - medulla
- paired adrenal glands
slide 24
Outer layer (cortical)
Inner layer (brain)
corticosteroids: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids. androgens and estrogens
epinephrine norepinephrine
Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands
Slide 25
Corticosteroids
Participate in the provision of immunity, adaptation. Regulate all types of metabolism
Decreased metabolism, body resistance to adverse factors
Addison's disease: muscle weakness, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, bronze skin tone
Androgens estrogens
Influence the formation of secondary sexual characteristics
Early puberty. Rapid cessation of growth
Late puberty
Andrenaline, norad-renaline
Increases strength and heart rate. Raises blood pressure. Enhances metabolism, especially carbohydrates
The heartbeat quickens. Blood pressure rises sharply. Hyperexcitability
slide 26
It is located in the abdominal cavity, behind the stomach. The cells that produce hormones are called islet cells.
Pancreas
Slide 27
insulin glucogan normal
Lowers blood sugar concentration - increases the synthesis of glycogen from glucose in the liver and muscles
Shock, accompanied by convulsions and loss of consciousness with a drop in blood sugar levels.
Diabetes is an increase in blood sugar. Metabolic disease.
Increases the concentration of sugar in the blood, promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
Practically not observed, since other hormones perform a similar function (adrenaline, glucocorticoids)
H O D E I S T V I E N A O R G A N I Z M
Pancreatic hormones
Slide 28
- a disease associated with a violation of the process of formation of insulin in the body
Types of diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus The pancreas produces a certain amount of insulin, or this amount is insufficient, or insulin is not used by the body due to reduced sensitivity to this hormone
Symptoms - increased blood sugar, the appearance of sugar in the urine, weight loss, excessive thirst, feeling of hunger, profuse urination. Impotence and changes in the menstrual cycle are not uncommon.
Diabetes
Slide 29
Paired oval-shaped organs Located in the pelvic cavity on the sides of the uterus
1 - uterus; 2 - fallopian tube; 3 - ovary
Microscopic structure of the ovary
16 - ovarian cortex 17 - ovarian medulla 18 - primary follicles 19 - follicles
female gonads - ovary
slide 30
External - cortical (follicular)
internal - cerebral
Temporary gland does not produce estrogen, progesterone
Formation of secondary female sexual characteristics: Enlargement of the genitals, Mammary glands, Hair on the pubis and in the armpits Development of the female type of the skeleton and muscles The appearance of sexual desire
early puberty
Delayed puberty, at an early age - the absence of secondary sexual characteristics
Decreased excitability, especially uterine tone during pregnancy, ensures gestation
female sex hormones
Slide 31
Paired oval-shaped organs Located in the scrotum - a skin-muscle sac, have a lobed structure
Testis and epididymis
Testicle (diagram)
1 - epididymis 2 - head of the epididymis 3 - body of the epididymis 4 - tail of the epididymis 5 - lobules of the epididymis 6 - duct of the epididymis 7 - testicle 10-11 - appendix of the testicle 26 - testicular septum 27 - lobules of the testicle 29 - convoluted seminiferous tubules 32 - efferent tubules of the testis
Male gonads - testis
slide 32
The formation of secondary male sexual characteristics: an increase in the genital organs, hair growth on the pubis, in the armpits, on the face, development of the male skeleton and muscles, breaking of the voice, etc. emergence of sexual desire
Early puberty - short stature- increased hair growth - early baldness - increased aggressiveness
Delayed puberty. At an early age - the reverse development of the genital organs and the absence of secondary sexual characteristics
The effect of male sex hormones (androgens) on the body
Slide 33
Biology. Basic outlines. – Moscow: INFRA-M; Novosibirsk: Siberian agreement, 2000. - 204 p. Biology. Allowance-tutor for applicants to universities. / ed. I.Yu. Pavlov, D.V. Vakhnenko and others - Rostov-on-Don: publishing house "Phoenix", 2001. - 608 p. 3. Biology. Human. Textbook for grade 8 general education schools/ ed. N.I. Sonina, M.R. Sapin. - Moscow: Drofa, 2000. - 216 p. 4. Biology in tables 6-11 grades. Help Guide/ author-compiler T.A. Kozlova, V.S. Kuchmenko. - Moscow: Bustard, 2000 .- 240 p. 5. Biology. Full course general education high school: tutorial for schoolchildren and entrants. - Moscow: Exam, 2002. - 448 p. 6. Biology. A person for the 9th grade of secondary schools / edited by A.S. Batuev, I.D. Kuzmina. - Moscow: Drofa, 2002, 240 p. 7. Pocket atlas of human anatomy / ed. H. Fenish. - Minsk: "The Highest School", 2000 8. Big Encyclopedia traditional medicine. - Moscow: Eksmo publishing house, 2005. - 1088 p. 9. Electronic manual. New collection abstracts and essays
Popular
- Owl as a pet How to distinguish the gender of an owl
- Birds of the Moscow Region (photo and description): large predators and small birds A bird that makes different sounds
- The Board of Directors of the PIK group of companies re-elected the board of the company Aleksey Kozlov Pik
- Presentation on literature on the topic "Acmeism"
- How to make a wooden photo backdrop
- Rules for slaughtering sheep and goats
- Project of local history activities “My small Motherland” Project for the local history library
- Full report (help) Anti-plagiarism Anti-plagiarism check protocol looks like
- Electronic configuration of an atom
- How to connect electricity to the house and the plot: where to go, what you need and how much it costs How to choose a Wi-Fi adapter for a computer: external and internal