home » Calculation » Management of housing and communal services at the municipal level. Abstract: Municipal management of housing and communal services

Management of housing and communal services at the municipal level. Abstract: Municipal management of housing and communal services

Features of the development of the housing and communal services system in the municipality (on the example of the Committee for Housing and Communal Services of the Administration of the municipality "City of Dudinka")

The problem of housing and communal services is an all-Russian one. Today, every region or municipality faces problems in this area. This chapter is devoted to the features of the reform and development of the housing and communal services system in the city of Dudinka.

The structure of the housing and communal complex of the municipality "City of Dudinka"

The housing and communal complex of the municipality is a complex multifunctional technical complex, which includes all the types of services necessary for life. Four housing and communal services enterprises (2 private enterprises and 2 open joint-stock companies with 100% ownership of the Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets municipal district and property of the Krasnoyarsk Territory) provide the population of the city of Dudinka and five settlements of the municipality with electricity, heat, water, maintain and repair housing and communal services, serve municipal engineering infrastructure and utility facilities (in the city - on a lease basis, in settlements - under contracts leases and gratuitous use agreements).

The total area of housing and communal services facilities under the jurisdiction of the authorities local government, is 475.7 thousand. m 2 or 10807 apartments and 4 hostels.

The average provision of the population with housing per person at the end of 2007 is:

19.2 m2 in an urban area,

From 6.3 m2 to 16.2 m2 in rural areas.

In 2002, 6 residential buildings with a total area of 666 m2 were put into operation on the territory of the municipality: 3 houses in the village of Khantayskoye Lake and 3 houses in the village of Potapovo. 12 families have improved their living conditions.

Since 2003, housing construction in the municipality has been reduced to a minimum, which is primarily due to:

lack of budget funds;

high cost of construction;

complex transport scheme of delivery building materials to the villages;

lack of local contractors licensed to perform construction and installation works.

In 2007, the volume of dilapidated and uninhabitable housing (according to statistical data) amounted to 6.7 thousand m2, including: in urban areas - 6.1 thousand m2. m 2 and rural areas - 0.6 thousand m 2.

The level of improvement of housing and communal services is provided by the following types of services:

central heating - 95.4%,

hot water supply - 94.4%;

water supply - 95.2%;

sewerage - 95.2%;

floor electric stoves - 84.9%;

In urban areas, the level of improvement is about 100%; in rural areas, housing and communal services facilities are equipped with central heating in only one village by 34.4%. There is no centralized hot water supply, cold water supply and sewerage in rural areas.

The average wear of the main structural elements of housing and communal services in the city of Dudinka is 18.2%, including:

metal roofing - 52%;

soft roof - 25%;

attic floors - 66%;

Power supply

The production and transmission of electrical energy to the city of Dudinka is carried out by OJSC Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company.

Maintenance of intracity networks is provided by JSC "Taimyrbyt" and JSC "Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company". The length of electrical networks (cable and air) is 563 km, of which 223 km are in municipal ownership, depreciation - 45%. The number of transformer substations is 45 units, of which 32 are municipal substations, including 8 transformer substations located in residential buildings, the average physical deterioration is 50%. The installed capacity of the city's existing substations is 238,060 kW. Electricity losses in networks and transformers - 4%.

Power supply of 5 settlements is carried out from autonomous diesel power stations in the amount of 6 units. The length of overhead power lines is 21.4 km, wear - 60%.

The existing power supply systems of settlements are characterized by large losses in the networks, a low level of efficiency in the use of fuel and energy resources. Electricity generation is usually carried out by one or two diesel generator sets (DGU) with a total capacity not exceeding 300 kW/h. The electrical load in an autonomous power supply system is a constantly changing value, during the day it can change 3-4 times, so the installations operate with a load of 50% to 110%. This leads to a decrease in the service life of the DGU, as well as an increase in the level of specific fuel consumption and, accordingly, an increase in the cost of electricity. As of January 01, 2008, the average wear of diesel generator sets is 65%.

In settlements, buildings for diesel power plants are used in premises that do not meet safety standards. This indicates a low culture of operation of generating capacities, leading to a sharp decrease in the service life of DGUs.

Heat supply

The heat supply of the city of Dudinka is carried out centrally by the boiler house of the PTES in Dudinka of OJSC Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company, which is privately owned by OJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel.

Maintenance of urban heating networks is carried out by JSC "Taimyrbyt" The length of urban networks is 39.994 km in one-pipe terms, wear - 40%, 24 km of networks are in dilapidated condition and need to be replaced.

Large physical deterioration of pipelines affects the flow rate of make-up water in heating networks, which exceeds the standard flow rate. As a result, a significant part of the heat energy is spent not on heating consumers, but on heating make-up water in networks. The actual service life of heat networks before the first corrosion failure is 3-5 years due to the lack of a water treatment system.

The length of settlement heating networks is 1.6 km (the village of Khantayskoye Ozero - 1.3 km; the village of Ust-Avam - 0.3 km). Depreciation of thermal networks is more than 60%. Of the total length of heating networks, 30% have been in operation for more than 20 years.

Water supply

The adopted water supply scheme for the city of Dudinka is based on diverse sources of water supply: lakes, r. Dudinka and r. Yenisei, i.e. is combined. Operating water sources for the city of Dudinka - about. Samsonkino and Trekhozerka function by providing measures for year-round withdrawal (accumulation of the summer runoff of freezing streams in lakes, deepening due to the construction of dams or dams);

The existing system of utility and drinking water supply in the city of Dudinka is quite extensive, the length of the city's water mains is 20.14 km, including 11 km that need to be replaced. The total depreciation of equipment and engineering networks is 55%.

Water is supplied from pumping stations (4 units) through conduits that have been in operation for more than 25 years, and by now have drastically reduced their capacity, both in terms of water flow and pressure. Support structures require replacement or major repairs. A further increase in the deterioration of networks and structures leads to a sharp increase in accidents, especially in winter, the damage from which significantly exceeds the cost of preventing them.

In rural settlements, water is taken from reservoirs within the boundaries of settlements. Water is delivered to consumers in 200 liter metal barrels, and individual disinfection is carried out.

Water disposal and wastewater treatment

The total length of the sewerage system of the city of Dudinka to the treatment plant is 36.94 km.

Of the total length, 30% of the networks have been in operation for 25 years or more, 21.3 km need to be replaced, and the total wear and tear is 65%.

The city's main sewage pumping station and two wastewater pumping stations act as a pressure-pumping unit of the city's central sewerage system, through which all domestic sewage waste undergoes primary processing in crushing chambers and is fed through a pipeline system to the city's wastewater treatment plant.

Currently, the building of the main sewage pumping station is in disrepair, with the threat of collapse, wear is 100%.

The collected effluents are processed at treatment facilities with a total capacity of 5800 thousand cubic meters. in year. The capacity deficit of facilities is about 18%.

There are no sewerage networks in rural settlements.

In the settlements of the urban settlement of Dudinka: Khantayskoye Lake, Ust-Avam and Levinsky Sands there are 3 municipal baths. The cost of their maintenance is quite high, therefore, to ensure the availability of services, losses in the maintenance of baths are compensated to service organizations from the city budget. There are no baths in the two villages of Volochanka and Potapovo.

landscaping

The improvement of the urban settlement of Dudinka is characterized by the presence of the following objects of external improvement (table 1).

The maintenance of landscaping facilities in the city of Dudinka is carried out by OOO PO "Ekolog" with a private form of ownership, the open joint-stock company "Taimyrbyt". Part road section includes 2 motor graders, 2 bucket loaders, 2 snow plows, 4 bulldozers, 1 excavator, 1 snow blower, 1 gritter, 4 sidewalk sweepers and 10 KamAZ dump trucks. The number of employees at the site is about 30 people, the average monthly salary in 2006 was 32,524 rubles.

Table 1

Analysis of the main indicators of improvement

Objects of external improvement	Quantitative characteristics of objects
Length of streets and driveways with improved coverage, km
Length of unpaved streets in rural areas, km
Length of sidewalks and footpaths with improved surface, km
Number of bus stops, pcs.
Area size, m2
Bridge length, m
Length of storm sewers and drainage devices, m
Number of traffic lights, pcs
Number of road signs, pcs.
Length of street lighting, m
Landscaping area, m2
Area of burial sites, m2

In rural settlements, landscaping and sanitary cleaning of territories common use three contracting organizations with a private form of ownership are engaged. The maintenance of the burial sites is carried out by MUP "Ritual".

table 2

Analysis of the financial and economic state of housing and communal services

The name of indicators
Federal standard for the marginal cost of housing and communal services per 1 sq. meter installed, rub. / _IN. m
The actual cost of housing and communal services per 1 sq. meter, rub. /_IN. m
The established level of household payments is, %
Actual level of household payments, %
Income from the housing and communal services sector, thousand rubles
Expenses for the housing and communal services sector, thousand rubles
Profit (loss), thousand rubles
Actual amounts of financing from budgets of all levels, thousand rubles
Subsidies accrued to the population to pay for housing and communal services, thousand rubles
Repaid subsidies to housing and communal services from the budgets of all levels, thousand rubles
Provided citizens with benefits for paying for housing and utilities, thousand rubles
Reimbursed costs for the provision of benefits, thousand rubles
Accounts payable of housing and communal services enterprises, thousand rubles
Accounts receivable of housing and communal services enterprises, thousand rubles

At the enterprises of housing and communal services of the municipality, disposal Money exceeds their income, which negatively affects the current economic activity and solvency.

The presence of receivables and payables indicates the unstable financial condition of housing and communal services enterprises. The increase in accounts receivable is significantly affected by the growth of household debt.

According to the analysis of the Comprehensive Program of Social economic development municipal formation "City of Dudinka" in the field of housing and communal services today there are the following problems Comprehensive program of socio-economic development of the municipality "City of Dudinka" for 2008 - 2017 // Consultant plus. Krasnoyarsk region. :

The crisis state of the engineering infrastructure, which is due to the high level of costs in this industry;

Lack of a competitive environment in the market for the provision of services to the population;

High degree of depreciation of fixed assets for generating and network equipment;

Deterioration of the technical condition of housing and communal services;

Physical and moral depreciation of the residential sector in settlements;

A high degree of wear and tear of power equipment and electrical networks, the city's collector facilities, water supply, sewerage and wastewater treatment systems;

Unsatisfactory technical condition of the structural elements of the main sewage pumping station;

Difficult financial situation of housing and communal services enterprises, lack of working capital;

Non-payment for consumed services;

Lack of devices for water intake and purification of drinking water in the settlements of the municipality;

Lack of normal conditions for the maintenance of equipment used in water supply and improvement of settlements;

The absence of baths in some villages;

Lack of normally functioning storm sewers, lack of drainage devices;

High wear of the road surface of the street - road network of the city, courtyard areas;

Lack of street lighting;

The presence of undeveloped areas that give the city an unaesthetic appearance;

Lack of space for burials.

The main goals of the development of housing and communal services Comprehensive program of socio-economic development of the municipality "City of Dudinka" for 2008 - 2017 // Consultant plus. Krasnoyarsk region. are: improving the efficiency of the functioning of housing and communal services; ensuring the reliability of the operation of engineering life support systems; improving the quality of providing housing and communal services to citizens; ensuring favorable and safe living conditions for citizens.

The implementation of these goals is possible through the Comprehensive Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Municipal Formation "City of Dudinka" for 2008 - 2017 // Consultant Plus. Krasnoyarsk region. :

Introduction of market mechanisms for the functioning of housing and communal services, creation of conditions for a competitive environment;

Use of budgetary funds, including through the implementation of targeted programs in priority areas;

Development of the initiative of the owners of the premises apartment buildings;

Timely provision of fuel and energy resources to the population, institutions social sphere and housing and communal services of the municipality.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

Biysk Technological Institute (branch)

state educational institution of higher professional education

"Altai State Technical University

named after I.I. Polzunov"

Monograph

HOUSING AND UTILITIES MANAGEMENTSTVOMMUNICIPAL IMAGESANIA

D.R. Mamashev, E.A. Vyatkina

Publishing house of the Altai State Technical University. I.I. Polzunova

UDC 332.8 (02)

Reviewers:

Deputy Head of the city of Biysk A.B. Lyamkin;

Candidate of Economics, Professor V.N. Klyukovkin (BTI AltSTU);

housing management company director

"BiKO-CENTER" V.G. Nebogin (Biysk)

Mamashev, D.R.

M 221 Management of housing and communal services of municipal government: monograph / D.R. Mamashev, E.A. Vyatkin;

Alt. state tech. un-t, BTI. - Biysk: Alt. state tech. un-ta, 2008. - 105 p.

ISBN 978-5-9257-0122-5

Under the scientific editorship of Doctor of Economics, Professor Povarich I.P.

The monograph analyzes the theoretical and methodological problems of managing the housing and communal services of the municipality in the context of its reform. It is proposed in the transitional period of the reform of housing and communal services, the development of professional management of the housing stock, the creation of a municipal management company and the structure of information and analytical support as mechanisms for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal services of the municipality.

Of interest to scientists, specialists of local self-government bodies, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions.

INTRODUCTION

1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITY SERVICE OF THE MUNICIPALITY

1.1 Essence, goals, functions and features of housing and communal services as a subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system

1.2 Theoretical aspects of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system

1.3 Basic principles and directions for reforming the housing and communal services management system in the Russian Federation

2. ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITIES OF THE MUNICIPALITY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF BIYSK, ALTAI KRAI)

2.1 Structural and dynamic analysis of the state of housing and communal services of the municipality "City of Biysk"

2.2 Analysis of the management system of housing and communal services of the municipality "City of Biysk"

3. IMPROVEMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND UTILITIES OF THE MUNICIPAL FORMATION "CITY OF BIYSK"

3.1.1 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the area of external government factors

3.1.2 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the area of the impact of external economic factors

3.1.3 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the field of managing internal financial and economic factors

3.1.4 Measures to improve the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the city of Biysk in the field of managing internal technological factors

3.2 Development of a system of professional management of the housing stock of the housing and communal services of Biysk (on the example of LLC Management Company Tsentralnaya)

3.2.1 Analysis existing system management of the housing stock (on the example of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise of Biysk "Housing and Operational Trust No. 1")

3.2.2 Development of proposals for improving the system for setting tariffs for housing and communal services

3.2.3 Organization of a municipal management company as a way to improve the efficiency of housing stock management

3.3 The structure of information and analytical support as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (on the example of the city of Biysk)

3.3.1 Analysis of the awareness of the population of Biysk about the reform of housing and communal services

3.3.2 Creation of the structure of information and analytical support as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (on the example of the city of Biysk)

LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

Housing and communal services (HCS) is one of the largest and most important sectors of the Russian economy. Due to the fact that more than 52 thousand enterprises of this industry with more than 3 million employees provide the services necessary to form the living environment of the population, the problem of effective management of the housing and communal services system is of high relevance. The introduction in 2005 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation led to the process of transformation of the housing and communal services management system and led to the need to form effective mechanisms economic relations subjects of the housing and communal services market at the federal, regional and municipal levels.

Of particular importance at present is the development of an effective system for managing housing and communal services at the level of Russian municipalities, since the current Russian legislation, in particular Federal Law No. 131-FZ "On general principles organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation”, refers the tasks of organizing electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, sewerage, fuel supply to the population, as well as other housing and communal services, to issues of local importance of the municipality.

At present, a number of detailed works are devoted to the study of the problems of the functioning of the housing and communal services in Russia. However, these works are more focused on aspects of managing individual business entities operating in the housing and communal services sector, and such important issues as ensuring the interaction of enterprises and organizations of the industry with the population, local governments, developing a housing and communal services management system at the municipal level are often studied. insufficiently.

In addition, the current methodology of municipal management does not allow for a comprehensive solution of tasks related to improving the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal systems of a municipality in a crisis situation, since it has been developed to a greater extent at the level of individual methods, rules and techniques that are effective only under certain prevailing conditions.

However, despite the presence of a significant number of scientific papers devoted to the problems of state and municipal administration, as well as the economy and management of housing and communal services, at present there are practically no interdisciplinary studies related to the development of a system for managing housing and communal services in municipal level.

1 . THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITY SERVICE IN A MUNICIPALITY

1.1 Essence, goals, functions and features of housing and communal services as a subsidyWiththemes of the municipal socio-economic system

Housing and communal services is one of the largest and most important sectors of the Russian economy. Thus, the share of housing and communal services as a branch of the national economy in the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation is about 5.9%. At more than 52 thousand enterprises of the industry with a total value of fixed assets over 1 trillion. rubles (about 26% of the total value of fixed assets Russian enterprises) employed more than 3 million workers. At present, the municipal economy consumes more than 20% of electricity and about 45% of thermal energy produced in Russia, and includes 56 thousand heating boiler houses, 179 thousand km of heat, 500 thousand km of electric, 444 thousand km of water and 176 thousand .km of sewer networks .

Thus, the problem of increasing the efficiency of management of enterprises in the housing and communal services sector is of great national economic importance and is currently becoming highly relevant.

Despite the fact that the term "housing and communal services" is widely used by scientists and practitioners, there are still disagreements in its interpretation. Most often, the concept of "housing and communal services" is considered in the following aspects that are close in semantic content, but not identical:

As a complex of industries of non-material production, producing services "necessary for the functioning of the housing stock", or more broadly - "forming the human environment";

As a complex of enterprises, services, engineering structures and networks necessary to meet the daily household, socio-cultural and communal needs of the population;

As a social territorial-sectoral system, which is a combination of housing and communal sectors of the municipal economy and the investment and construction complex.

Thus, at the level of the Russian economy as a whole, housing and communal services can be considered as one of the branches of the national economy that produces services necessary for the formation of the living environment of the population.

Currently, the current Russian legislation, in particular the Federal Law No. 131-FZ “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, assigns the tasks of organizing electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, sanitation, supplying the population with fuel, as well as other services of a housing and communal nature to issues of local importance of the municipality.

In this regard, housing and communal services can be considered as territorial and sectoral subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system, further considering the concepts of "housing and communal services of the municipality (housing and communal services MO)" and "housing and communal subsystem of the municipal socio-economic system (housing and communal subsystem of MSES)" to be identical.

The main goal of the municipal socio-economic system is "the most complete satisfaction of the individual and social needs of the population in accordance with applicable law and generally accepted moral standards" .

The economic basis for achieving this goal is the municipal economy. There are two main approaches to the definition of the municipal economy.

In accordance with the first approach, the municipal economy is limited to a set of enterprises and institutions that are in municipal ownership. In our opinion, this approach leads to a narrowing of the field of study and does not fully comply with the norms of the current legislation in terms of equal rights for enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership to operate in the market.

The second approach is a broader interpretation of the municipal economy as the totality of all entities that carry out economic activity on the territory of the municipality. Thus, this approach provides certain opportunities for local governments to regulate the municipal economy in order to achieve the main target - the most complete and effective satisfaction of the needs of the population.

Thus, housing and communal services MO is part of the municipal economy, including a set of economic entities of various forms of ownership, operating in the territory of the municipality in order to most effectively and fully meet the needs of the population in services related to the formation of a comfortable living environmentAnia.

Being an important structural element of the MSES, the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, in turn, is a complex socio-economic system that includes a set of elements interconnected by the laws of interaction, functioning, structure and development.

In our opinion, the essence of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a complex socio-economic system can be revealed through a set of structures and tasks of its subsystems (Table 1).

Table 1 - Functional subsystems of housing and communal services of MO as a complex socio-economic system

Subsystem	Structural-functional constituents	Main goals and objectives

Economic	Legal entities providing housing and communal services and related services	1 Meeting the needs of the population in services related to the formation of a comfortable living environment. 2 Making the most efficient use of resources. 3 Provision of jobs with appropriate working conditions and wages. 4 Ensuring tax revenues to the budgets of all levels
Production and technological	Housing stock; Network engineering; Objects of communal infrastructure; Housing construction	1 Ensuring stable and trouble-free operation: Housing stock; Objects of electricity, heat, gas, water supply to the population, supply of the population with fuel; Sewerage systems, as well as other housing and communal services
		2 Organization of measures for environmental protection
Social	Institutions: culture; Social protection of the population, etc.	1 Ensuring the stability of MSES. 2 Preparation and maintenance of the conditions necessary for the development of other subsystems of MSES (through the formation of high-quality labor resources). 3 Organization of library services to the population. 4 Creation of conditions for the organization of leisure and mass recreation of the population and organization of arrangement of places of mass recreation. 5 Participation in development planning, territorial zoning of land. 6 Protection and preservation of cultural heritage sites of local importance
Labor resources	Labor resources employed in the housing and communal services system	Maintaining the necessary employment structure
Management and information	Executive and legislative authorities, mass media, etc.	1 Implementation of the process of management and regulation of housing and communal services. 2 Formation of a public information base. 3 Quality information service

In general, the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, as a complex socio-economic system, are characterized by the following properties:

Integrity (the possibility of changing the structure of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is limited);

Communicativeness (housing and communal services MO is interconnected with external environment, which can be characterized as a set of complex systems of a higher level (municipal formation, region, state, market), as well as systems of the same level (production, financial and credit, commercial and other subsystems of MSES));

Historicity (in order to avoid the termination of existence, a regular transformation of the structure of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is necessary, depending on the changing conditions of the external environment);

Equivalence (the maximum efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the Moscow Region is determined only by its ability to satisfy certain social needs);

Self-organization (in the structure of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES there are active elements that provide the possibility of self-development).

Main features Housing and communal services MO as a socio-economic system are:

1) autonomy. Housing and communal services MO is an autonomous subsystem of MSES, the isolation of which is due to the following reasons:

The location of housing and communal services in a limited area to meet the needs of the population of a particular municipality;

Financing programs for the functioning and development of housing and communal services mainly at the expense of municipal resources;

Regulation and management of housing and communal services by local governments (LSG);

2) high social significance. The housing and communal subsystem of MSES objectively fulfills a social mission, participating in the implementation of a significant part of the life support functions of the population through the provision of services related to the formation of a comfortable living environment.

The multiplicity and heterogeneity of the tasks facing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a subsystem of the MSES necessitated their differentiation into the following groups:

1) tasks aimed at ensuring the safety and development of housing and communal infrastructure (repair, maintenance, construction, etc.);

2) tasks directly related to the functioning of the housing and communal infrastructure (electricity, heat, gas, water supply to the population, sanitation, etc.);

3) tasks that ensure the satisfaction of the needs of the population in the field of social services (communication services, public catering, trade, library, consumer services, etc.).

Housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, as an important element of MSES, ensures the implementation of these tasks through the provision of housing and communal services to consumers. In accordance with Russian law, housing and communal services (HCS) are "services to maintain and restore the proper technical condition of buildings, structures, equipment, communications and housing and communal facilities, the removal of household waste and the supply of electricity, drinking water, gas, thermal energy and hot water to consumers" .

At present, the term “service” most often characterizes “non-material benefit activities to meet the needs of an individual and society as a whole”, which allows us to consider services as a specific result of an economically useful activity, and therefore an object of trade.

For all their diversity, services in general, as well as housing and communal services in particular, have the following common characteristics that distinguish them from goods:

- intangibility, manifested in the intangible nature of services;

- continuity of production and consumption, which consists in the impossibility of creating reserves, and therefore, developing a strategy that ensures a balance between supply and demand;

- variability, due to the dependence of the quality of the provision of services on the degree of competition, the qualifications of the service provider, etc.

Along with the above general features of services, housing and communal services, due to industry specifics, also have the following properties:

Systemic and constant demand from the population, as well as enterprises and institutions;

High social significance due to being included in the life support system of the population;

Low degree of substitution by other services;

Seasonal nature of the provision of some housing and communal services.

Thus, housing and communal services are a public good, since their provision satisfies the following basic principles:

1) principle of indivisibility, which defines the interdependence between the availability of a service to an individual consumer and the availability of the same service to other consumers. In such a situation, individual consumers are depersonalized, acting as representatives of a particular group. The principle of indivisibility also leads to the impossibility of identifying the end customer, since the service is publicly available (for example, the maintenance and improvement of public infrastructure, etc.);

2) principle of non-rivalry, according to which the consumption of a service by one consumer does not reduce its availability for other consumers (for example, electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, sanitation, etc.).

Due to the fact that the organization of an effective system for meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services largely depends on the possibility of individualizing consumption, it is proposed to distinguish the following types of housing and communal services.

1. ANDindividually-consumed housing and communal services, the volume of consumption of which can be reliably determined at the level of an individual consumer using physical measurements or average standards (electricity, heat, gas, water supply, household waste disposal, etc.). In turn, individually-consumed housing and communal services can be divided into:

- onconditionally mandatory which the consumer cannot refuse due to technological, social or other external conditions (heat supply services, household waste removal, etc.);

- onconditionally voluntary, from which an individual consumer has the opportunity to refuse (electricity, hot water, etc.). The fact of using this type of service can be recorded by the installed metering devices, however, even if they are not used, the consumer is obliged to bear certain costs to maintain the relevant infrastructure in a condition suitable for potential use.

2. Publicly consumed housing and communal services, the need for which cannot be directly determined for each specific consumer (urban lighting, landscaping and gardening, etc.).

In our opinion, in the situation of reforming the housing and communal sector, individual public consumption services (for example, intra-quarter lighting, maintenance and repair of intra-quarter roads, etc.) will increasingly be transformed into the category of conditionally mandatory individually consumed housing and communal services with the establishment relevant consumption standards.

In view of the above, in general, it is advisable to single out individual, group and impersonal forms of consumption of housing and communal services (Table 2).

Table 2 - Forms of consumption of housing and communal services

Housing and communal services properties	Form of consumption of housing and communal services
	individual	group	impersonal

The nature of the need		Collective	Public
The nature of the relationship between the supplier and the consumer of housing and communal services	Direct	Mediated	Impersonal
Reimbursement Form	Individual		Tax payments
	Water, gas, electricity, heat supply, communication services, etc.

Based on the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1) the structure of housing and communal services is heterogeneous, however, regardless of the degree of individualization of consumption, all housing and communal services are of a public nature;

2) the degree of divisibility and accessibility of housing and communal services is of decisive importance in the formation of the price of housing and communal services.

The public nature of housing and communal services, the need to ensure access to relevant services for all categories of the population of the municipality lead to the expediency of using in practice the classification of housing and communal services, depending on the level of satisfaction of the needs of the population, in accordance with which it is necessary to allocate the following levels of housing and communal services (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Classification of housing and communal services depending on the level of satisfaction of the needs of the population

Housing and communal services that ensure the safety of living in the housing stock(minimum standard) are associated with the performance of only those works that ensure trouble-free operation and guarantee the reliability and non-failure of the provision of life-supporting services. The minimum standard determines the level of provision of the entire set of social needs of the population in housing and communal services, below which normal life support and reproduction are impossible. In the absence of a minimum set of services, payment for housing and communal services cannot be charged.

Housing and communal services that provide a normal level of living, include all services provided to the population in full compliance with their volume, quality and required frequency. In our opinion, the achievement of this level of housing and communal services should be the main guideline of state policy at the federal, regional and municipal levels in the field of regulation of relations in the field of housing and communal services.

Housing and communal services providing increased comfort of living, include not only life-supporting services, but also a range of additional services associated with increased comfort.

The interaction of sellers and buyers of housing and communal services is carried out in the housing and communal services market. The main subjects of the housing and communal services market are:

1. On the demand side for housing and communal services:

A) population as the main consumer and buyer of housing and communal services. The monograph proposes differentiation of this segment of consumers depending on the level of income:

Consumers whose income level completely deprives them of a free choice of services in the housing and communal services market;

Consumers whose income level provides a potential opportunity for a limited choice of services in the housing and communal services market;

Consumers whose income level determines the potential possibility of a free choice of services in the housing and communal services market;

b) enterprises and organizations all forms of ownership, acting mainly as consumers of public services;

V) state, stimulating the demand of the population for housing and communal services by providing social guarantees to the population.

2. On the supply side for housing and communal services:

Enterprises - producers of communal services belonging to the category of natural monopolies;

Enterprises - producers of housing services, as well as enterprises economically connected with natural monopolies, operating in a competitive environment;

Organizations specializing in professional asset management in the housing and communal services market.

The economic interests of market entities are the main factor in the self-regulation of the market through the mechanism of competition. However, this mechanism cannot be fully manifested in the housing and communal services market due to the following reasons:

Consumption of housing and communal services is essential;

The need for housing and communal services is universal;

Consumption of housing and communal services is urgent;

The need for housing and communal services is mandatory;

HUS needs are not interchangeable.

The above features of the housing and communal services market lead to the following consequences of the development of competitive relations in the market:

1) violation of the equality of the positions of the seller and the buyer in the market, which provides an opportunity for sellers to dictate their pricing conditions to buyers;

2) the price of housing and communal services ceases to experience the action of the law of supply and demand, losing its objective character and breaking away from the factors expressing consumer tastes and preferences. In this regard, the pricing mechanism in the housing and communal services market begins to focus on production costs.

In general, the degree of development of competitive relations in various segments of the housing and communal services market can differ significantly.

Singling out the market of housing services and the market of communal services in the housing and communal services market, from the standpoint of the development of competitive relations, the housing services market is more attractive, since consumers get the opportunity to independently form relationships with service providers. The communal services market presents much less opportunities for the development of competitive relations, since the communal subsystem of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, due to technological features, is characterized by the monopoly position of most enterprises in local markets, which, as a rule, geographically coincide with the boundaries of municipalities.

The rigid nature of the links between the production and consumption of services in the communal subsystem of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is also one of the reasons for the emergence in the indicated sector of the housing and communal services market of natural technological monopolies, the main characteristics of which are:

Significant economies of scale (as the volume of utilities grows, the cost per unit decreases significantly, and the greatest effect is achieved when one producer covers the entire market);

Low price elasticity of demand (due to their urgency, generality, urgency and obligation, demand in the public utilities market is weakly dependent on the price of goods and services set by enterprises of the utility subsystem of the housing and communal services);

Low substitution effect (utilities are unique to the consumer and cannot be replaced in consumption by other goods or services).

Since the majority of enterprises of the communal subsystem of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region satisfy the specified characteristics, in practice there is a need for state regulation and control over prices for housing and communal services. In general, the main specific features of the housing and communal services market from the standpoint of state regulation are:

- high social importance. Due to the fact that the housing and communal services market covers the sale and purchase of vital goods of great social importance, this market segment especially needs the use of selective measures of state regulation;

- presence of natural monopolies, which necessitates the use of specific instruments of state regulation, especially in the field of pricing (tariff policy);

- high degree of attachment to a certain territory, which leads to the expediency of regulating the housing and communal services market by local governments.

Currently, state regulation of the housing and communal services market in the Russian Federation is carried out by direct regulation of utility tariffs by the federal tariff service, regional authorities, and local governments.

It should be noted that in the communal subsystem of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, there are certain opportunities for creating a competitive environment in certain technological segments of production and providing the corresponding housing and communal services (purchase of materials and fuel, repair of equipment and infrastructure facilities, etc.) based on the competitive involvement of executing organizations.

Thus, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES should be carried out taking into account the following characteristic features of the housing and communal services market:

Almost all housing and communal services are aimed at meeting the primary needs of the population, which determines the high social significance of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

Consumption of housing and communal services is a constant process for the population, which is everyday and continuous;

There is a territorial monopoly on the housing and communal services market (as a rule, within the boundaries of the municipality), since the delivery of housing and communal services from outside, from other territories is practically impossible;

The production and consumption of housing and communal services either completely coincide in time or have an insignificant time lag (water supply and sanitation, passenger transport and road facilities, etc.);

Non-compliance by enterprises of housing and communal services MO production program in a certain period of time, it cannot be compensated without damage to consumers either by the subsequent overfulfillment of the production program, or by the provision of similar services in excess of the planned quantity in other settlements;

There is a close relationship and interdependence between the constituent elements of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

There are natural local monopolies in certain large segments of the housing and communal services market (water supply and sanitation, heat and power supply, etc.);

Housing and communal services enterprises of the Moscow Region have a special character economic activity associated with the homogeneity of products, the difficulty of forming stocks, the absence of work in progress, the seasonality of production and other factors.

1.2 Theoretical aspects of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the municipalOsocio-economic system

Identification and theoretical substantiation of the features of management of the housing and communal subsystem at the level of municipalities is an important methodological problem of modern science. At present, the study of methods and principles of managing the housing and communal subsystem of MSES is becoming highly relevant in connection with the reform of the housing and communal services sector, as well as its high social significance.

In our opinion, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is a rather complex process that it is advisable to describe through the totality of the existing terminology in the field of management.

Thus, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES it is necessary to consider as a process of development and implementation of targeted control actions on the corresponding control object, including such interrelated stages as modeling the state of the control object based on the analysis of existing information; development and adoption management decisions; organization of the implementation of decisions made, etc. .

On the other hand, it is equally important to study the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES by describing the implemented management functions to achieve the goals.

Due to the fact that “management is an inseparable, inherent property organizational systems» , the monograph attempts to apply a systematic approach to the study of certain aspects of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES. In our opinion, the use of a systematic approach allows not only to design a mechanism for the interaction of the managing and managed subsystems of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, but also ultimately provides the possibility of developing and implementing an effective program for reforming the housing and communal subsystem of a separate municipality.

Taking into account the essence, purpose, functions and features of the housing and communal services as a subsystem of the MSES, it is advisable to consider the management of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a management system that allows you to develop and make effective management decisions aimed at achieving the strategic goals of the municipal socio-economic system in the field of life support for the population through the provision of services related to the formation of a comfortable living environment.

From the point of view of systematic implementation, the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES provides for the presence of structural features of the type of system, among which it is necessary first of all to single out the managing (subject) and managed (object) parts, as well as management relations (interaction between the object and the subject of management, as well as also other components of the environment to achieve synergistic properties of unity) . Management relationships are aimed at achieving a specific goals(for the housing and communal subsystem of MSES - the formation of a comfortable living environment for the population of the Moscow Region) and are implemented through the performance of a number of management functions that are cyclical. At the same time, the process of managing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region can be reduced to purposeful changes in the values of controlled variables in order to achieve the specified values of indicators (indicators) that determine the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES.

The subject area of management of housing and communal services MO is a conglomerate of relationships and connections of management systems different levels, whose interaction cannot be provided functionally from a single center. The creation of a single field for managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, which includes many interacting entities, is hampered by the fact that public authorities, local governments, the population, public and political organizations, etc. are involved in the circulation of relations.

In general, the most important properties of the management of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES are the activity nature of management (activity, purposefulness, awareness, impersonality, objectivity, effectiveness), process nature, as well as continuity, cyclicity, variability, situational and systematic management.

The subject of study of the management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is the process of transformation of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES, taking into account the impact of changing environmental factors to ensure the preservation of the integrity and basic properties of the subsystem, as well as the achievement of its targets.

In connection with the above, the object of management of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, and the subject of management is both local governments and governing bodies of supersystems (regional and federal).

Features of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES as an object of management are determined by its specificity and structure, which combines a complex and diverse set of elements that are closely interconnected by common economic and social problems, goals and objectives. The most important feature of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is its focus on meeting the urgent needs of the population, which leads to the dominance of social factors in the management process and, in addition, determines the specificity of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES as a whole, as well as its individual structural elements. Another feature of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is the stochastic nature of the processes occurring in it, associated with the impact on the functioning of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES of a significant number of random factors of an economic, technogenic, as well as natural and climatic nature.

Management entities, primarily local self-government bodies, which, in accordance with the current legislation, are responsible for providing the population of the municipality with housing and communal services, ensure coordination and regulation of the activities of enterprises and organizations of housing and communal services as structural elements of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES, using administrative and economic mechanisms taking into account:

Roles and places of the corresponding element of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

The relationship of elements within the housing and communal subsystem MSES.

It should be taken into account that relationships in the management structure of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region are based on two types of relationships: subordination and interaction. Subordination links arise between higher and lower management bodies of the housing and communal subsystem, interaction links are closed within one level of this control system.

The analysis of publications made it possible to reveal the existence in the world practice of the following models of housing and communal services management:

1) socially oriented model, the main purpose of which is the determining role of the state in meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services;

2) liberal model, aimed at meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services with the involvement of private structures with minimal participation of the state, whose tasks are limited only to the development of regulatory frameworks for regulating the market and creating the necessary conditions for competition.

In our opinion, in Russian practice it is most expedient to use model statenbut-private partnership, which occupies an intermediate position between the above models and ensures close interaction between state, regional and local authorities with enterprises-investors of the private sector in the field of financing the construction and operation of housing and communal infrastructure.

Due to the fact that the main goal of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is to create a comfortable living environment for the population of the municipality, the most significant goal of the subjects of management of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is to achieve the established values of indicators (indicators) of the housing supply of the population, housing and communal services, the state of housing and communal infrastructure, reliability and sustainability of its functioning, etc.

Thus, the main tasks of the management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region are:

Implementation of programs to increase the level of provision of the population with housing on the basis of regulatory needs and quality standards;

Ensuring the rational placement of new housing construction facilities and organizing work related to the renewal of the existing housing stock development;

Ensuring the safety of the housing stock, the uninterrupted operation of engineering communications based on the organization of their maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction in accordance with established rules, regulations and technical specifications.

To solve these problems in the process of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, the activities of local self-government bodies should be directed to:

For the development and implementation of programs for the development of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, taking into account the characteristics of the municipality;

On the optimal distribution of own and borrowed financial resources for the overhaul of the housing stock and the development of engineering infrastructure, the formation of funds to support the development of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region;

To establish minimum social norms for the consumption of housing and communal services, the development of regulations governing the provision of housing and communal services, benefits, subsidies, etc.;

To provide the necessary conditions for the stable functioning of enterprises and organizations of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, as well as life support systems for the population.

Effective implementation of the tasks of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is impossible without the application of the project approach, which consists in initiating the impact on the structure of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region within the project space based on the formation of the structure of indicators of the state of the housing and communal subsystem, its monitoring and analysis. The following basic principles should be taken as the basis for improving the efficiency of the housing and communal services management system of the Moscow Region:

- goal setting(provides for a purposeful change in the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES to achieve the global goal - to ensure the comfort of living for the population of the Moscow Region);

- multi-level(consists in describing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region as a subsystem of the MSES, establishing links between the elements of the subsystem and the external environment, as well as studying the elements of the subsystem on required level detail);

- functionality(dictates the need to develop a rational organizational structure for managing the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, which ensures the effective implementation of all the goals, functions and tasks facing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, taking into account changing environmental factors);

- the need to take into account social significance (requires adjustment of management methods, indicators for evaluating management effectiveness, etc. due to the high social significance of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES).

One of the promising approaches to the management of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region is also cluster approach. Based on the definition of M. Porter and correcting it, it can be argued that the elements of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES can be studied as groups of geographically neighboring (within the boundaries of the Moscow Region) interconnected enterprises and organizations, as well as related public, political and other organizations operating in the field of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region and characterized by common activities and complementarity.

Thus, clusters in the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region are groups of enterprises and organizations located on the same territory, representing various sub-sectors of the housing and communal services, characterized by the commonality and interconnectedness of their activities and their focus on meeting the needs of the population in housing and communal services. Housing and communal clusters can have different configurations and forms (depending on the coverage of territorial life support systems, the specifics and complexity of production and technical systems, etc.), however, “a “key link” can be distinguished in the structure of each cluster” .

In connection with the systemic homogeneity of clusters, the cluster approach opens up new opportunities for improving the efficiency of housing and communal services management in the Moscow Region. In particular, the presence in the cluster of technically advanced highly competitive enterprises with effective management inevitably has a positive impact on the state of all other enterprises and organizations that are part of the cluster. A significant role in this process is played by the relative internal information openness characteristic of housing and communal clusters, due to the common territorial location of diverse economic entities, the development of formal and informal contacts of their managers.

In general, the process of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES is a complex process aimed at ensuring the functioning and development of the management object within the framework of using a system-cluster approach, taking into account the influence of external and internal factors.

The study of publications made it possible to identify the following main factors of the external and internal environment that have a favorable / unfavorable effect on the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES as an object of management of the housing and communal services of the municipality.

When studying the impact external factors on the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, it is advisable to carry out their structuring as follows.

1. Government factors:

a) political factors influence the intentions of state, regional and municipal authorities regarding the development of territories, the methods and forms of pursuing state policy (political stability, the impact of political parties, public organizations, etc.);

b) regulatory and legal factors characterize the features of regulatory regulation of the housing and communal services sector, affect the forms and methods of activity of local self-governments and business entities (the state of the regulatory legal framework, the dynamism of the legal system, the features of federal, regional and municipal legislation in the field of economic, financial, tariff policy, etc. .).

2. External economic factors:

a) macro-environment factors affect the processes of formation and distribution of resources at the state, regional and municipal levels, determining the general market situation for the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (general level of economic development, cost of capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, budgetary, tax, industrial, investment, innovation policy, etc.);

b) factors immediate environment associated with consumers of housing and communal services (the level of financial and economic condition, the level of expectations and satisfaction of needs, etc.), as well as with resource providers.

3. External technological factors characterize the change in the state of the housing and communal subsystem of MSES due to the emergence of innovative technologies in the field of construction, infrastructure, management, etc.

4. Other external factors are due to the likelihood of negative, force majeure situations (emergency situations of natural and climatic, man-made nature, etc.).

Internal factors, affecting the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, must be classified into the following groups:

1) internal financial and economic factors characterize the current state and economic potential of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES as a whole, as well as individual economic entities that are part of the housing and communal cluster (the state of the financial and economic structural and functional components of the subsystem: the level of profitability, business activity , liquidity, solvency, etc.);

2) internal technological factors reflect the technical and technological state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES (production parameters, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets, etc.);

3) internal organizational and managerial factors are related to the state of the housing and communal services management system of the Moscow Region (quality of management, professionalism of managers, specialists and employees, availability and effectiveness of the information base, etc.);

4) other internal factors reflect the socio-psychological and other aspects of the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES.

In our opinion, taking into account the study of the influence of these factors that affect the state of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES, when developing an effective management system for the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, special attention should be paid to a detailed analysis of the processes occurring in the supersystems of the MSES and related to the reforms of the housing and communal services carried out at the level of the Russian Federation.

At present, the housing and communal services management system that has developed in most municipalities of the Russian Federation has a number of negative signs, the main ones being:

Chronic underfunding of measures for the modernization and development of housing and communal services of the Moscow Region, manifested in significant physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets;

Insufficient development of the regulatory and methodological framework, including models, methods and tools for the effective implementation of the process of managing the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES;

Application predominantly administrative methods management, which is an obstacle to attracting private investment in the housing and communal services sector of the Moscow Region, to develop competition in the housing and communal services market;

Imbalance of interests of the population of MO, local self-government and housing and communal services market operators; insufficient assistance to the development of the system of self-management of the owners of the housing stock.

In our opinion, the optimal management structure of the housing and communal services of the Moscow Region will be created only if responsibility is shared:

Local self-government bodies for achieving the goal of the housing and communal subsystem of the MSES - ensuring the comfort of living for the population of the municipality;

Owners of the housing stock for the maintenance of their property;

Manufacturers and suppliers of housing and communal services for the quantity and quality of rendered housing and communal services.

1.3 Basic principles and directions of reformhousing and communal services management systemsIn Russian federation

At present, the situation that has developed in the housing and communal services of most Russian municipalities is a source of a number of threats to life, health and property of the population, as well as the environment. Therefore, the reform of the housing and communal services management system should consist in solving the following main tasks.

1 . Povercoming the critical depreciation of fixed assets. According to the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, on average in Russia in 2007, the physical deterioration of boiler houses amounted to 55%, water supply networks - 65%, sewerage and heating networks - 63%, electrical networks - 58%; in some municipalities, the amount of depreciation of the communal infrastructure has reached an almost critical level of 70-80%.

Significant depreciation of fixed assets leads to an increase in resource losses during the operation of housing and communal infrastructure facilities, as well as to a high accident rate of housing and communal infrastructure facilities.

In general, the restoration of fixed assets used in the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation to the standard values currently requires funding in the amount of at least 2 trillion rubles. 140 billion rubles.

2. Atimprovement financial condition enterprises and organizations operating in theTgrew. Currently, the financial results of enterprises and organizations of housing and communal services remain unsatisfactory. Thus, at the beginning of 2007, the accounts receivable of the housing and communal services enterprises of the Russian Federation amounted to 333 billion rubles, and the accounts payable increased to 324 billion rubles. According to the results of 2006, the balanced loss of enterprises engaged in the management and operation of the housing stock amounted to 4,582 million rubles. .

3 . Pimproving the quality of housing and communal services provided to the population. The insufficient development of competition in the production and provision of housing and communal services leads to the fact that consumers do not have the opportunity to influence the quality of the provided housing and communal services.

...

Similar Documents

Charter of the municipal enterprise of housing and communal services of Bolshebukorsky rural settlement. Income of the organization from the activities of water disposal, heat supply and water supply. Ways to improve the organizational structure of housing and communal services.

term paper, added 05/27/2016

Features of the development of the housing and communal services system in the municipality (on the example of the Committee for Housing and Communal Services of the Administration of the municipality "City of Dudinka"). Characteristics of the housing and communal services system at the stage of reform. Problems of the housing and communal services industry in Russia.

thesis, added 07/21/2011

Theoretical questions management of housing and communal services on the territory of the Russian Federation. The essence of the formation of the condominium management system. Municipal management of housing and communal services. Measures to solve the problem of non-payments.

term paper, added 02/21/2014

Economic and organizational bases for reforming the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation. New approaches to pricing within the housing reform. The problem of capital repairs of apartment buildings. Analysis of the process of reforming the economy.

thesis, added 06/25/2013

Management of the municipal sphere of housing and communal services. Features of foreign experience. Analysis of the internal environment of LLC "Kuibyshev engineering company" as a management object. Measures to improve the department for work with the population.

thesis, added 06/02/2011

The main stages and directions of reforming the housing and communal services of Russia in the post-Soviet period. Legal basis for functioning, as well as state and municipal regulation of the housing and communal sector on the example of the Astrakhan region.

attestation work, added on 01/14/2011

Basic concepts and principles of reforming the housing and communal services in the Russian Federation. The state of housing and communal services. Analysis of normative legal acts regulating the reform of housing and communal services in the city of Moscow.

thesis, added 03/27/2012

State and problems of housing and communal services in the modern period. Creation of economic mechanisms in an economic entity. Market structure of functioning of public utilities: competitive environment and reforming the tariff system.

term paper, added 11/28/2010

Classification, regulation and procedure for the provision of public services in the process of public utilities management. Maintenance, operation and repair of buildings and structures. The structure of public utilities management in the Kirov region.

thesis, added 04/13/2012

Analysis of the state and development of housing and communal services in Yekaterinburg - the external environment of the sphere of resource accounting. Description of the main ways of reforming the housing and communal services and the study of the stages of the housing and communal reform in Yekaterinburg.

The formation of the housing market and housing and communal services in Russia is one of the most difficult areas of socio-economic reform. For many years, housing and communal services have been formed as a complex, diversified system under centralized management, covering more than 30 different types of activities. Russia, as a country with a high level of urbanization (more than 70% of the population lives in cities), has a housing stock and communal infrastructure that, in terms of scale, make up a significant share in the national wealth, however, their condition does not correspond to the technological and economic potential of the country.

The level of providing the population with housing and communal services (HCS) is one of the most important indicators of the quality of life in the territory of the municipality. Management of housing and communal services, according to the Federal Law "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation", refers mainly to the competence of settlements.

Municipal management of the housing and communal complex is mainly within the competence of the settlements. Municipal districts are entrusted with inter-settlement functions: organization of electricity and gas supply within the boundaries of the municipal district, maintenance and construction of public roads between settlements municipal district with appropriate engineering structures, organization of disposal and processing of household and industrial waste, maintenance of inter-settlement burial sites and the provision of ritual services.

Housing and communal services management is the organization of maintenance and repair of housing, as well as the provision of public services independently or under contracts with contractor housing and operating organizations.

The most important aspect in the management of housing and communal services is the principle of competitiveness, determined by the presence competitive advantage from enterprises and organizations providing services, which should be provided with resource-saving and innovative approaches, the development of competition and the formation of a socially oriented policy, as well as the conditions that determine the quality of the management system for housing and communal services.

At the present stage of development, taking into account the potential of individual sub-sectors of housing and communal services, the typology of private and public services provided, the degree of competitive relations, the presence of various forms of ownership of property, the features of economic mechanisms for the functioning of enterprises, should be considered as separate areas housing and the communal complex, which have different management systems and principles for their reform.

The housing sector includes residential and non-residential buildings with a network of enterprises and organizations operating and servicing them. The communal complex includes engineering support systems for settlements (electricity, heat, gas, water supply and sanitation) and citywide utilities (roads, landscaping and landscaping, removal and processing of household waste and a number of other facilities).

Reforming and technological modernization of housing and communal services, increasing the competitiveness of the services provided, enterprises involve the use of new, more advanced organizational, economic and information management methods that are fundamentally different from those used until recently in the housing and communal sector.

However, the introduction of effective forms and methods of management is complicated by the specific features of the transformation of property, economic relations and the economic mechanism of the functioning of housing and communal services, aggravated by the socio-economic situation in various regions.

The crisis state of the housing and communal complex in most municipalities of Russia has become a problem of national importance. The causes of the crisis were many years of underfunding and inefficient tariff policy, which predetermine the subsidization of the industry, high costs for the provision of services, the lack of economic incentives for service enterprises to reduce costs, and for recipients of housing and communal services - the ability to influence their quantity and quality, an inefficient management system, an underdeveloped competitive environment, a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets, large losses of heat energy, water and other resources.

The emergence of new types of owners is due to the need for other forms and methods of investing in the development of housing and communal facilities in conditions of limited budgetary funds.

At the same time, along with the dialogue "customer - contractor (housing and communal services enterprise)", complex multilateral relationships are formed, the participants of which are:

Investment, construction and operating organizations of various forms of ownership that carry out financing, construction, maintenance and management of housing and communal services;
- owners of housing stock and communal facilities, representing their bodies and management companies;
- consumers of services - owners, tenants and tenants of residential premises, associations of homeowners, other organizations.

It should be borne in mind that the reform of the housing and communal services is aimed at increasing the role of local governments, the independence and responsibility of business entities of various forms of ownership that provide direct service to consumers of housing and communal services and have legal and financial opportunities not only for the implementation of current operational activities, but also for the development of housing and communal facilities.

When solving these problems, special attention should be paid to:

Carrying out by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities of the necessary transformations in the field of management, financing and pricing, aimed at ensuring more efficient functioning of the housing and communal services;
- formation of structures (customer services, managing organizations, associations of homeowners and others) representing the interests of all homeowners and protecting the rights of consumers of housing and communal services;
- introduction of contractual relations at all stages of production and provision of housing and communal services, including the owner - the homeowner, the service provider and their consumer;
- completion of the process of transferring departmental housing and communal facilities to municipal ownership.

The system of municipal management of housing and communal services can be based on a rational division of functions and organization of relationships between the owner - the homeowner, managing organization, contractors of various forms of ownership that maintain housing stock and engineering infrastructure facilities, and a body authorized to carry out state control for the provision of housing and communal services of the required quality to the population, for the use and preservation of the housing stock, regardless of its ownership.

When choosing a management option, it is advisable to be guided by the principle of giving the owner - the homeowner the right to decide who will maintain and manage the property he owns.

Local self-government bodies, as owners of housing and communal services, should strive to form a unified social and financial policy in the field of housing and communal services on the territory of the municipality. Contracting housing and communal organizations are responsible for compliance with regulatory and technical requirements for the maintenance and use of housing and communal facilities, for the efficient use of limited financial resources with high-quality and reliable customer service, ensuring the safety of the housing stock and communal facilities.

At the municipal level, the process of delimitation and registration of property rights to housing and communal services should be completed. At the same time, it is recommended to transfer the right of further management of the municipal housing stock to the customer's services.

The fixed assets of sub-sectors of public utilities should be divided into two groups. One (the so-called technological funds) includes engineering infrastructure - networks, boiler houses, pumping stations, treatment facilities and the like. The second (production assets) consists of facilities that provide services to the assets of the first group. This includes garages, workshops, production buildings and the like.

The owner of communal facilities may transfer these funds for economic management or operational management to communal organizations - contractors.

Public utility facilities are serviced by municipal enterprises or joint-stock companies while maintaining a controlling stake in the local government. When corporatizing enterprises of housing and communal services, it is necessary to take into account the different procedure for privatization of the production and technological parts of fixed assets.

The starting point is the provision that its owners are responsible for the condition of the housing stock. They form the procedure for managing the housing stock, conclude contracts for the rental and lease of housing, and finance its maintenance.

Municipal bodies in the management of housing and communal services combine administrative and economic functions, administrative resources and contractual relations. They manage and manage the housing stock, departmental and municipal utilities; ensure the operation of economic mechanisms in the housing sector and contractual relations in housing and communal services.

The organization is directly assigned to local self-government:

Management of municipal residential buildings, premises (accounting for housing, transfer of residential premises to non-residential and vice versa, coordination of the reconstruction and redevelopment of housing, recognition of housing as unfit for habitation, control over the use and safety of the housing stock);
- management of specialized housing stock, including service housing, dormitories, houses for refugees and migrants;
- management of common property in apartment buildings on the right of the owner of the premises;
- competitive selection managing organizations.

Organizations specializing in the field of management, among other things, carry out a rational distribution of financial resources between the producers of certain housing and communal services. The owner - homeowner can perform these functions himself or hire a specialized management organization, which may be municipal (customer service), or a third-party management organization, including a private one. The managing organization, on behalf of the owner, may also collect payments, conclude contracts with contractors and control their execution, as well as conclude lease agreements.

Municipal managing organizations act as a service of the customer, another municipal institution, diversified or specialized enterprise. The housing stock is transferred to the management of municipal unitary enterprises on the basis of economic management or municipal institutions on the basis of operational management. At the same time, the conclusion of management contracts is not mandatory.

Housing and communal services as the most important area of management in society

Housing and communal services is an important sphere of life of human society. Without its effective functioning, it is impossible to ensure normal conditions of existence. The housing and communal services system should work smoothly, constantly and taking into account the requirements of the population paying for the relevant services.

Among the most important areas of socio-economic transformations in the country is the reform and development of the housing sector, which creates the necessary conditions for human life. The leading sectors in this area are housing construction and housing management, which ensure the reproduction and maintenance of the housing stock, as well as bringing housing and communal services to direct consumers. In Russia, the level of development of the housing sector does not meet the requirements: the tasks assigned to it are far from being fully implemented, which significantly affects the decline in the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the housing problem remains one of the most acute social problems in the country.

The housing sector is experiencing significant difficulties associated with an acute shortage of finance, a weak material and technical base, insufficiently qualified personnel, a lack of a well-thought-out housing policy, and insufficient elaboration of the regulatory and legal aspects of the activities of organizations in terms of their relationship with authorities and consumers.

The housing and communal services system is represented by residential, public buildings, maintenance, repair and construction, transport, energy and other enterprises that have an extensive field of activity and the development of urban facilities and the state of the living environment of city residents depend on the effectiveness of their functioning.

The specificity of housing and communal services lies in its multi-profile, diversified structure, which requires appropriate organizational, legal and economic foundations.

Housing and communal services is the most important area of the social structure of society. The quality of its functioning on the basis of equal existence in this area of all forms of ownership makes it possible to create a field for the quality of economic relations between owners of housing and communal services and create a network environment for the implementation of the principles of a socially oriented market economy.

The housing and communal services of the city is an independent sphere in the system of the national economy, the main purpose of which is to meet the needs of the population and enterprises in services that ensure normal living and working conditions.

In accordance with the subject area of research, a service is an expedient human activity, the result of which has a beneficial effect that satisfies any human needs.

The ability to satisfy human needs is called utility. The Austrian school of value theory emphasizes that utility is always subjective. Everything that has utility is commonly called a good (material and non-material carriers of utility that serve to satisfy needs). Housing and communal services are activities, work of housing and communal services, in the course of which a new, previously non-existing product is not created, but the quality of an already existing, created product is changed.

These are benefits provided not in the form of things, but in the form of the state of the functioning of housing and communal services.

The need for housing and communal services increases under the influence of the intensity of labor, with the need to improve the quality of human capital, the law of increasing needs.

Under the influence of the objective law of the rise of needs, the needs of the population in improving housing conditions are developing. The share of housing expenses in the family budget is constantly increasing.

The process of production and consumption of most housing and communal services coincides in production-time coordinates. In the housing and communal services market, the equality of supply and demand in terms of the volume and structure of services provided must be constantly observed. At the same time, the production of housing and communal services should be preceded by a social order in individual, collective or public forms, acting as an act of their social recognition and a guarantor of the exchange of labor.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that housing and communal services occupies an important place in the sphere of municipal management of society, since without its functioning it is impossible to ensure normal conditions for the existence of the population.

Housing and Public Utilities Department- complex work, including many directions. The level of comfort of residents, consumers of housing and communal services depends on how well this work is done. Management companies have sufficient experience in the field of housing and communal services, understand the various intricacies of housekeeping and are ready to take care of a house in order to make the life of residents in it more convenient and easier.

Municipal management of housing and communal services is part of the system of city self-government, is the governing body in the field of housing and communal services.

The main goal of the municipal administration is the formation and implementation of a unified sectoral policy aimed at creating safe and comfortable living conditions for the population in the housing stock, creating conditions for the provision of public services of established quality standards.

The main tasks of the housing and communal services management:

F organization of electricity, heat, gas and water supply to the population, water disposal, fuel supply to the population;

F organization of maintenance of municipal housing stock;

F creation of conditions for the management of apartment buildings;

F ensuring the functioning and development of the city's housing and communal services.

Figure 2. The classic structure of the housing enterprise

Today, there is a serious lack of incentives to improve production efficiency and improve service quality. This is due to the impossibility under the current conditions of full-scale implementation of full-fledged contractual relations in the housing and communal services sector and the poor financial situation that has developed as a result of inefficient and often non-transparent budgetary policy and decision-making, administrative methods of management.

Strategic planning and modern management practices are being implemented in the utilities sector at a slow pace, but they are essential for further development sectors of the housing and communal services. This also leads to a suboptimal distribution of financial resources in the industry. Tariff structures are still skewed and do not fully reflect the economic costs of utilities. In addition, cross-subsidization continues to operate. Tariff revision procedures are often missing, as are public participation mechanisms. This contributes to the persistence of the current difficult situation and hinders the implementation of work on the restoration and modernization of systems, as well as financial independence housing and communal services

Under Control Methods in a broad sense means techniques, methods or manner of managerial actions. Under the methods of effective management of housing and communal services in the territory of the municipality should be understood as a set of actions, methods and techniques of management for coordinating labor resources, subjects and objects of management, aimed at achieving the best result in socio-economic activity.

Private business and public or municipal organizations act as subjects of management in the housing and communal services system. As already noted, the interests of business and society do not always coincide: private economic interests are inversely proportional to municipal interests: some seek to maximize profits, while others seek the common good.

According to the degree of participation of local governments (CBOs) in the management of housing and communal services and the performance of works and services, the following methods are distinguished:

F direct management - directly by local governments;

F management through departments of compulsory medical insurance, having an independent budget;

F management through municipal enterprises and organizations;

F municipal contracting, contract management - at municipal tariffs by private contractors;

F municipal rental management - by private tenants at their own rates with payment of rent and appropriation of income;

F municipal concession management - a formal concession with the actual preservation of the ability to manage the municipality;

F concession management - by private enterprises for a fixed period on contractual terms;

F private enterprise management of privatized property.

Choosing a specific control method Housing and communal services on the territory of the municipality is always strictly individual in nature and depends on external factors, local conditions and expected effect.

Management techniques, by definition, include a set of methods, techniques for the expedient conduct of any activity. There are general and special management techniques. An example of a general methodology is the author's Methodology for the effective management of housing and communal services in the territory of municipalities. She wears complex nature and includes the following sections:

F The essence and socio-economic basis of effective management of housing and communal services in the territory of municipalities.

F Methods of effective management of housing and communal services in the territory of municipalities.

F Comprehensive analysis of housing and communal services of the territory.

F Forecasting in the system of effective management of housing and communal services.

F Planning and control in housing and communal services.

F Tariff policy as a tool for efficient management of housing and communal services.

F Economic and managerial modeling of systems for effective management of housing and communal services in the territory of municipalities.

F Information Systems- a factor in increasing the efficiency of housing and communal services management in the territory.

F Modern management technologies in housing and communal services.

F The system of personnel policy in the field of housing and communal services.

This provides for a comprehensive analysis to determine the actual state of affairs in the housing and communal services at various levels of territorial administration (from municipal to regional). The analysis can be carried out both for individual components and sectors of the housing and communal complex, and for the entire complex. Depending on the volume and parameters of the analysis, the quantity and quality of subsequent management decisions are determined, the final result ongoing work. The scope and parameters of the analysis are fundamental in the proposed recommendations.

An objective assessment of the state of the housing and communal complex forms the basis for predicting trends. In turn, the forecast of trends, options and development scenarios is the basis for the implementation of operational, strategic and business planning. The coverage of these issues is an integral part of the methodological recommendations.

The process of planning and forecasting is associated with the choice of tools, technologies, and, in a general sense, means of effective management of housing and communal services. The most remarkable and promising plans are rendered unrealizable in the absence of adequate means for their implementation. The guidelines describe various tools and tools that help create conditions for the effective management of housing and communal services.

The efficiency of housing and communal services management is increased due to an objective, systematic analysis, a good planning and forecasting system, adequately selected means, internal and external management conditions, implementation tools and the skill level of specialists implementing management tasks.

Consideration of issues of personnel policy, training and retraining of personnel for the housing and communal services sector implies the methodological completeness of a set of management measures to achieve effective management of housing and communal services in the territory.

The management system for housing and communal services should be based on a rational division of functions and organization of relationships between the owner-homeowner, the managing organization, contractors of various forms of ownership that service the housing stock and engineering infrastructure facilities, and the body authorized to exercise state control over the provision of housing and communal services of the required quality, for the use and preservation of the housing stock, regardless of its ownership. When choosing a management option, it is advisable to be guided by the principle of giving the owner - the homeowner the right to decide who will service the property he owns and manage it.

The housing market began to function, the structure of the housing stock by form of ownership changed. However, the housing problem remains relevant, especially in the housing and communal services system of municipalities. The essence of the housing problem lies in the acute shortage of housing that meets regulatory and consumer requirements for a significant part of the population.

The housing problem has several important aspects:

housing shortage - quantitative aspect;

F discrepancy between the structure of the housing stock and the demographic structure of families - a structural aspect;

F non-compliance of the existing housing stock with the requirements for consumer qualities of housing - a qualitative aspect;

F non-compliance with the requirements for the technical maintenance of the housing stock - an operational aspect.

One of the main social problems that has been and remains the focus of special attention in the formation of market relations in the Russian Federation is the implementation of transformations and the construction of market mechanisms in the housing and communal sector. Today we can already conclude that the past period has confirmed the correctness and effectiveness of the ways chosen by the state in the early 90s to reform the housing and communal services. Therefore, it is very important to continue work on putting things in order in the housing and communal services. Without this, the effective operation of the industry is impossible. The meaning of the ongoing transformations is to reduce the cost of producing housing and communal services, to create a reliable system social protection population and guarantees.

Today, housing and communal services are experiencing great difficulties and are far behind modern requirements. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of funds allocated from the budgets of all levels, as well as widespread non-payments and late payment of housing and communal services by the population. Yes, and investment bypasses this industry. And yet the most important, "crisis-forming" problem is the existing structure of housing and communal services management. The lack of specialists in management and marketing hinders the development of a competitive environment in the housing and communal services. The combination of these two factors - the lack of funds and qualified managers - in combination with the morally and physically obsolete scientific, technical and industrial base leads to high costs and, as a result, the high cost of services, which, in turn, leads to non-payments.

The administrative mechanism used for a long time to manage the housing sector, the lack of economic interest of construction, repair and maintenance organizations in the results of their activities and the alienation of residents from property have led to serious negative consequences and deformations in the housing sector. There was a decrease in the quality of the housing stock and the deterioration of its operating conditions. The population, on the other hand, was placed in an extremely passive position, since the residents did not have real leverage on construction, repair and maintenance organizations.

The main reasons for the aggravation of the housing problem are the lack of a real owner and effective management of the housing stock in modern conditions and mismanagement of housing.

Thus, the problems of the municipal management of housing and communal services lie in the lack of funds, qualified personnel, the constant search for alternative sources of financing, the need to attract private business, which needs to be interested in resolving issues of reforming the housing and communal services system. The housing problem is very multifaceted, requiring significant efforts to solve it.

SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT OF HUSAL UTILITIES AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL

V. V. KOPYLOV

The article examines the problem of the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal services at the municipal level. The author considers the specifics of maintaining and reforming housing and communal services on the example of the Norilsk industrial region.

Key words: housing and communal services, Norilsk industrial region, municipal level.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to solve a number of theoretical and practical problems of management in the field of housing and communal services (HCS), taking into account the peculiarities of reforming the industry and developing the regional economy. The reform of housing and communal services, including the policy of paying for housing and utilities, the system of social guarantees, as well as issues of improving the efficiency of management and maintenance of the housing stock, infrastructure facilities, is integral part general economic transformations in the Russian Federation.

Fundamental changes in the Russian economy, its transition to the market with particular acuteness highlighted the problem of the efficiency of the functioning of the sectors of housing and communal services. On the one hand, the process of privatization in the housing sector and the regulatory documents governing it have significantly changed the structure of housing ownership, shifting responsibility for housing and communal services to the population on local authorities, which radically changed the system of economic relations in the industry. On the other hand, the deterioration of the quality of housing and communal services, the dilapidation of housing stock and communal infrastructure, the decrease in the reliability of engineering systems, the allocation of a significant share of local budgets for the maintenance of the industry required an adequate change in the forms and methods of management in housing and communal services.

The processes of reforming economic relations and transferring authority to the localities have given rise to many questions of a theoretical and applied nature related to the transformation of the entire management system of the housing and communal complex in market conditions.

However, their solution still lags behind the needs of practice, which ultimately leads to a real decrease in the efficiency of the functioning of housing and communal enterprises.

Today, after years of reforms in the field of housing and communal services, many problems and contradictions have only aggravated, which requires the choice of a more active position, effective and balanced actions on the part of municipal authorities in solving the problems of managing the development of the housing and communal services sector (hereinafter HUS).

Currently, the issues of managing the housing and communal services reform, improving the efficiency of housing and communal enterprises, and finding adequate ways out of the crisis are being considered by Russian and foreign scientists. Here it should be noted the works of E. V. Basin, I. V. Bychkovsky, Yu. A. Dmitriev, G. V. Gutman, O. A. Donichev, A. A. Dronov, A. Yu. Zhdankova, V. N. Leksina, B. Renault, I. V. Starodubrovskaya, R. Strike, A. V. Talonova, F. G. Tagi-Zade, G. P. Khovanskaya, L. N. Chernyshov, A. K. Shreiber, R. Spiner and others.

Review of scientific sources, normative documents, analysis methodological developments, conducted by the author, shows that the process of socio-economic innovations is characterized by inconsistency and inconsistency. At the same time, a dynamic process of shifting the center of “gravity” in reforming the housing and communal services system from the federal to the regional and municipal levels has already taken shape, which has led to the emergence of new patterns and management mechanisms that require serious scientific reflection.

The development of housing and communal services takes place in difficult conditions, in every region in every municipal

Education has its own specifics of development and reform.

The housing stock of Norilsk is 4487 thousand square meters. m of total area, this is 1051 buildings, including 1016 residential buildings and 35 dormitories. The number of apartments in residential buildings - 83852, rooms in dormitories - 9713, as of 01.01.2005 44798 apartments were privatized. Of the total number of apartments in 265 apartments, a comprehensive overhaul is required with the replacement of floor beams.

The age structure of the Norilsk housing stock is as follows:

Up to 10 years - 14 buildings, or 1% of the total;

From 1 to 30 years - 578 buildings - 55%;

Over 30 years - 459 buildings - 44%.

Number of people living in the territory

municipal formation in Norilsk - 212.3 thousand people, including in apartments - 196.6 thousand people, in hostels - 15.7 thousand people. Security with a total area per person in apartments - 21 sq. m, in hostels -13.1 sq. m.

The management structure of the city's housing and communal services is not set up to control and reduce costs and has experience of working under severe budget constraints. There is no competition in the provision of housing and communal services. Tender procedures for maintenance of the housing stock and major repairs have not been developed.

Norilsk has the highest cost of capital repairs in Russia - 20.3 rubles/m2. The ability of the housing and communal services management system to ensure a reduction in the cost of capital repairs by checking their validity, standardizing and controlling the quality of work, changing the methods of selecting contractors for work will depend financial stability Housing and communal services of the city.

Intensive capital repairs have not led to savings in maintenance costs for residential buildings or lower levels of utility consumption.

Residential buildings of the city are not provided with metering and regulation of heat and water consumption. In the city, there is a widespread “re-retopping” of buildings and a significant amount of heat is lost.

The main heating networks are in a dilapidated condition and they need to be repaired. The city should at least have the ability to set tariffs for heat transport. When allocating a tariff for the transport of thermal energy, the costs of repairing distribution networks should be separated from the composition of housing services and included in the costs of transporting thermal energy. The city does not have a program of measures to improve energy efficiency in buildings and engineering infrastructure.

The main problems of housing and communal services management in Norilsk:

Formation of mechanisms for the work of housing and communal services in the conditions of severe budgetary constraints;

Reducing the costs of maintaining housing and communal services, which amount to almost 4 billion rubles;

Finding a balance in covering the costs of housing and communal services between the population and the budget;

The boundaries of responsibility are vague and not established in contracts;

The system and conditions of contractual relations are not sufficiently developed;

The city has no influence on prices for heat and water production, their transport and distribution.

All these and other problems are evidence

on the need to reform housing and communal services in Norilsk.

A number of significant steps have been taken in this direction, including the development of the city's Housing Policy Program, the main goal of which was to change the existing structure of housing maintenance and management.

In the structure of the administration of the city of Norilsk, several departments have been created and are functioning, dealing with management issues in the field of urban economy:

Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (UAiG);

Department of urban and housing and communal services (UZHKH);

Department of Capital Repairs and Construction (UKRiS);

Property Management (UI);

Housing Department (USiZhF);

Municipal Order Department (UMZ);

Department of the consumer market of services (UPRU);

Office of the Chief Power Engineer (UGE).

In early 2004, the management company (MC) "Zapolyarnaya Stolitsa" was established. Urban

In March 2004, the administration delegated its rights to manage the urban economy to the management company Zapolyarnaya Stolitsa, which, in turn, concluded contracts for the management of the municipality.

housing stock with service housing companies.

The distribution of tasks for the management of housing and communal services of the municipality "City of Norilsk" is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Tasks of housing and communal services management at the municipal level

No. 2 Tasks for the management of housing and communal services MO "City of Norilsk" UZHKH UKRiS UMP MC "Polar Capital" Service companies

1 Housing management + - + + +

3 Improving the quality of residential complex services provided + - - + +

4 Exercise and protection of property rights + + + + +

5 Formation and maintenance of a unified register of property + - + - -

6 Organization and control over the use of property + + + + +

8 Maintenance of social infrastructure facilities + + + + +

9 Implementation of urban planning policy + + - + -

10 Ensuring the functioning of the municipal economy + + + + +

11 Maintaining proper technical condition objects of socio-cultural, municipal purposes + + + + +

12 Implementation of municipal orders for goods and works + + + + +

13 Coordinating the interaction of administration services involved in the operation of the ZhF + - + - -

In accordance with the tasks outlined, the administration of the municipal formation "City of Norilsk" performs a number of functions to manage the municipal housing stock and housing and communal services.

Among the main functions of the municipal executive authorities for the management of housing and communal services of the municipality "City of Norilsk" are the following: strategic (political), normative and regulatory, executive and distributive, control and supervisory, providing the functions of managing state property.

The listed functions are distributed in various ways among all executive authorities, for example, normative and regulatory functions are within the competence of the UZHKH and the Polar Capital Management Company; control and supervisory functions are implemented in the activities of all bodies of the municipal executive power of the city of Norilsk.

The main shortcomings of the existing functions include the following: lack of interrelations, actually not performed, but more often performed, but missing functions, vague wording, lack of structure, sometimes lack of legislative justification, duplication of management functions.

At the same time, it should be noted: the absence of a supervisory body for the quality of maintenance of housing and communal services and the level of service provision; lack of legal, organizational support reforming housing and communal services; non-introduction of resource saving measures (lack of meters and regulators for the consumption of utilities).

An analysis of the effectiveness of the management scheme for housing and communal services in the city of Norilsk made it possible to formulate two main conclusions:

1) the chosen scheme of work with housing companies is effective;

2) the possibilities for further improving the efficiency of the functioning of the city's housing and communal services are significant, although they are hidden in the details of the planning process.

To improve the efficiency of the functioning of the city's housing and communal services, it is necessary, according to the author, to carry out the following activities:

1) introduce into the practice of budget planning a minimum municipal standard for the cost of capital repairs of housing stock for

1 sq. meter of total housing area per month;

2) divide the work by overhaul which are carried out on the basis of standard overhaul periods of service and according to the results of surveys, and gradually increase the share of the latter;

3) conduct a justification of overhaul periods of service and ensure their stability;

4) to ensure the complexity of work on individual buildings, not to "smear" the scope of work for many buildings, but to concentrate them on a smaller number of buildings, but to carry out in a comprehensive manner;

5) introduce an item of expenses for the installation of metering devices;

6) introduce an item of expenditure for technical supervision of the quality of work performed and make wider use of instrumental methods for monitoring the quality of work.

In addition to the above measures, it is necessary to revise the system of indicators for monitoring the performance of housing companies, developed by the Housing and Public Utilities Department, which are actually municipal standards for the provision of services. In our opinion, increasing the effectiveness of this system of indicators can be achieved by:

Introduction of more stringent requirements for monitoring the quality and completeness of the overhaul;

Introduction of more stringent requirements for the uninterrupted provision of public services. When evaluating the quality of work of housing companies, the terms of possible interruptions in the supply of public services should be reduced, and fines for their violation should be increased. The amount of the fine must at least exceed the value of the undelivered utilities;

The introduction of relative characteristics that allow comparing the work of housing companies with different service areas in terms of size and quality of housing, as well as the introduction of indicators of work on the collection of payments.

As a result of comparing the activities of housing companies, it is necessary to introduce mechanisms for comparative competition in the housing sector for service areas.

At the same time, the author emphasizes that the reform of the management system should take into account institutional inertia, therefore, it is necessary to improve not so much the structure as management practice as relevant experience is accumulated in the UZHKH.

In order to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the housing and communal services, the housing and communal services department of Norilsk uses the author's scheme.

In all northern territories, there are opportunities to improve the efficiency of housing and communal services management. In a number of cases, the opportunities already laid down are poorly realized due to the formation of management institutions; in other cases, the transfer of part of the authority to the level of the subject of the Federation reduces the validity and effectiveness of management decisions; Finally, the most important problem is the shortage of qualified personnel, which leads to the centralization of the management system. Setting up housing and communal services management systems to solve the above tasks should become one of the main tasks for the development of the northern territories.

Literature

1. Law of the Russian Federation "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation" // Collection of legislation. 1995. No. 35. Art. 3506.

2. Abolin A. A. The main directions of reforming the housing and communal services of municipalities // Housing and communal services. 2005. No. 2. Part 1.

3. Alimurzaev G. N. Local self-government: to the conceptual justification of the main tasks in the economy // Russian economic journal. 1999. No. 3.

4. Dronov A. A. Prospects for the development of housing and communal services reform // Housing and communal services. 1999. No. 12.

5. The methodology for calculating the main socio-economic indicators of the standard of living of the population, approved by the Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated July 16, 1996 No. 61.

6. Nemtsov B. On the work of local governments to implement the reform of housing and communal services // Municipality. 1998. No. 6.

THE SPECIFICITY OF MANAGEMENT OF THE HOUSING-MUNICIPAL SERVICES AT A MUNICIPAL LEVEL

The problem of efficiency of functioning of the housing-municipal economy branches at a municipal level is investigated in the article. The author examines the specificity of conducting and reforming of the housing-municipal services on an example of the Norilsk industrial region.

Key words: housing-municipal economy, Norilsk industrial region, municipal level.

Management of housing and communal services at the municipal level. Abstract: Municipal management of housing and communal services

Features of the development of the housing and communal services system in the municipality (on the example of the Committee for Housing and Communal Services of the Administration of the municipality "City of Dudinka")

The structure of the housing and communal complex of the municipality "City of Dudinka"

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar Documents

Popular