Presentation of the cost of living and the consumer basket. Living wage, consumer basket

A consumer basket is a list of material goods and services that a person needs for a normal existence for a month. It characterizes the structure of consumption of a citizen or family at different time intervals (month, year).

The consumer basket is used to compare calculated/actual consumption levels, as well as to calculate the following data:

• living wage budget;
• purchasing power of the national currency;
• price index;
• predictive indicators of the dynamics of the standard of living.

The calculation methodology, as well as the list of material goods and services included in it, depends on the specific country. In Belarus, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection is engaged in compiling and calculating with the involvement of other relevant departments.

The composition of the consumer basket in the Republic of Belarus

• foodstuffs;
• underwear (underwear, bedding, etc.), shoes, clothes;
• household, communication (communication), transport services;
• furniture, household goods, social and cultural items;
• payments (including for housing and communal services);
• hygiene, sanitation, medicines;
• recreation, culture.

Each of these groups has a deep detail. The article “Foodstuffs” describes in detail how much flour, meat, tea, bread, salt and other products are provided for each representative of the corresponding socio-demographic group.

Differences in consumer baskets

Since the structure and level of consumption in humans different ages, social status differ significantly, the contents of the consumer basket are determined separately for:

• pensioners;
• students;
• children aged: up to 3/3-6/6-18 years;
• families of three or four;
• working population.

Obviously, a child consumes less products than an adult, public transport for children in Belarus is free, there is no adult in their consumer baskets, but there are children's clothes, etc.

However, the structure of consumption depends not only on a particular socio-demographic group, but also changes over time. Therefore, the content is reviewed every 5 years: something is added, something is excluded. Services were added during the last revision in 2015 mobile communications, since it is an essential attribute of life even among low-income segments of the population.

The minimum consumer basket for today

It is calculated every three months separately for each socio-demographic group. This takes into account the level of inflation, dynamics consumer prices, other economic indicators.

According to the latest data, more than 40% of the expenses of Belarusian citizens are for the purchase of food.

If income is below the cost of the consumer basket

This is one of the grounds for classifying a person as a low-income segment of the population. In some cases, this gives the right to receive state social support in the form of subsidies, targeted assistance, concessional loans, etc.

For more information, please contact the social security authorities in your area.

Abstract open lesson

Lesson topic: "Consumer basket and living wage."

Lesson Objectives:

The purpose of the teacher's activity- creating conditions for students to study and form an idea about the consumer basket and the subsistence minimum.

The purpose of training - ensuring the assimilation by students of the concepts of "consumer basket", "living wage" and awareness of the social, practical and personal significance of the consumer basket.

The purpose of education– creation of conditions for group work while studying the material.

Development Goal– promoting the development of communicative and cognitive competencies.

Tasks:

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Teaching methods: analysis, synthesis, management of research activities.

Teaching methods: awareness learning task, independent generalizations on particular issues, drawing up a plan for independent work, generalization on the problem as a whole.

Stages of the lesson;

tasks in the activities of students

Teacher activity

Student activities

UUD

1. Preparation for the perception of the topic of the lesson.

The teacher greets the students.

Every person needs a minimum set to ensure a viable condition.

I suggest you determine what can be included in this set, in your opinion.

There are cards on the tables. Choose from the options presented, what does each person need to ensure their livelihoods?

Please provide what you have chosen.

(If children have chosen cards that are not included in the consumer basket, then they must be asked to justify their choice. Children from other groups should be asked to challenge the presented option).

Children discuss in groups. Choose what they would include in the consumer basket.

Each group calls.

Discussion.

Communicative

(participate in the work of the group, negotiate with each other, listen and understand others).

Personal

(personal self-determination: each participant is part of the group).

Cognitive (process, choose the right information).

2. Goal setting, activity planning

Guys, what economic term can be used to refer to this set?

That's right, "consumer basket".

The topic of our lesson is the consumer basket and the cost of living.

Thus, the purpose of our lesson is to study the concepts of "consumer basket" and "living wage", as well as the awareness of social, practical and personal significance.

The study of the topic involves the analysis of theoretical issues. What questions do you think we need to find answers to?

Tasks:

– study the structure of the consumer basket;

– to study for which groups the consumer basket is compiled;

– what factors influence the determination of the composition of the consumer basket;

– determine the relationship between the consumer basket and the subsistence minimum.

The theoretical definition of this concept is as follows:

The consumer basket is the minimum set of food products, not food products and services necessary to preserve human health and ensure its vital activity.

Children's answers.

Students write down the date and topic of the lesson.

Children's answers.

Children write the concept in a notebook.

Personal

(self-determination).

Regulatory (we form the ability to determine the purpose of the activity in the lesson and plan our work).

Communicative (we form the ability to formulate our thoughts orally).

3. Implementation of activities according to the plan

And study theoretical questions Let's take the consumer basket of the Vologda Oblast as an example.

The teacher gives printouts of the Law "On the consumer basket of the Vologda Oblast" of 2001 and 2013.

The teacher asks questions:

1. What is the structure of the consumer basket? (11 groups of food products, 10 groups of non-food products, 7 types of services).

2. The consumer basket is calculated for the population as a whole or for certain groups? (groups: able-bodied population- men aged 16-59 years and women aged 16-54 years, with the exception of non-working disabled people of 1.2 groups of this age, pensioners– men over the age of 60 and women over the age of 55 and persons receiving a disability pension, children population under the age of 15).

3. What would you note from this Law that attracted your attention?

4. Compare the laws of the Vologda Oblast adopted in 2001 and 2013? How has the consumer basket changed in 12 years?

We see that changes have occurred in the quantitative composition per 1 person. The structure of food consumption is changing.

Who then makes the changes, and on what basis?

Representation of theoretical information:

In Russia, the consumer basket is determined by federal law once every five years, while the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations. Today, the consumer basket is established with the obligatory consideration of such factors as the national traditions of the regions, natural and climatic conditions and the consumption of products, services and non-food products for each specific area.

The optimal composition of the consumer basket is formed on the basis of scientifically based norms of human consumption. The minimum composition determines the lower bar for meeting the needs for food, clothing, etc., below which the existence of a person is unacceptable.

What does this mean per person per day?

This means that the average citizen Russian Federation for a normal existence must consume per day:

300 g of bread;

Potatoes - 280 g.,

Vegetables - 300 g.,

Fresh fruits - 160 g.,

Sweet - 60 g.,

Milk and dairy products - 800 g.,

Vegetable oils and fats - 40 g.

Eat one egg every 2 days;

Be satisfied on the day of 160 Meat;

Eat 350 g of fish per week.

As for cultural development, here the able-bodied Russian citizen has a chance to go to the cinema or theater once a month, no money is provided for more for these purposes.

The concept of "consumer basket" is closely related to the concept of "living wage".

The living wage is the value of the consumer basket at current market prices.

For these purposes, the consumer price index is used - an indicator of changes in prices for goods and services purchased by the population for non-productive consumption.

Officially, people are considered poor whose income per person in the family is below the subsistence level. The subsistence minimum is set in each region of Russia. If a region has a minimum subsistence level lower than the federal one, then, according to the law, additional cash from the state budget.

Pay attention to how the subsistence minimum has changed in the Russian Federation and the Vologda Oblast for the period 2001-2014.

Children analyze the Law "On the consumer basket of the Vologda region" for 2013 and 2001.

Children's answers.

Write down the composition of the consumer basket.

Write down the population groups for which the consumer basket is calculated.

Children's answers.

Children's answers.

Children watch the presentation and listen to the teacher.

Children write down the definition of "living wage" in a notebook.

Communicative (we form the ability to formulate our thoughts orally).

Personal (assessment of digestible content).

Cognitive (process, systematize information, choose the right information).

5. Reflection

Let's summarize.

Have we reached our goal? Have we completed all the tasks?

Conclusions:

1. Consumer basket - a minimum set of food products, non-food products and services, which is compiled every 5 years for 3 main population groups (working-age population, pensioners, children).

2. The cost of living is the valuation of the consumer basket that allows the minimum poverty line.

The teacher names the grades for the work in the lesson. Gives the rationale for the assessment.

Homework: using various sources of information, find out by what principles consumer baskets are formed in other countries (Japan, USA, Great Britain, etc.).

Children answer what they learned in the lesson. Your conclusions.

The children write down the findings.

Children write down their homework.

Regulatory (holding the goal and objectives of the lesson).

Personal (the ability to self-assessment based on the criterion of success learning activities)

The subsistence minimum according to Rosstat, in accordance with federal law dated October 24, 1997, 134-FZ "On the subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation" is a cost estimate of the consumer basket, including: the minimum sets of food, non-food products and services necessary to preserve human health and ensure his life, as well as obligatory payments and fees.

As a result of the UN World Summit on social development absolute poverty is defined as “a condition in which the basic human needs are not available, including food, drinkable water, sanitation, health care, shelter, education, and information. This is determined not only by income, but also by access to services.

Subsistence minimum in Russia Purpose of the subsistence minimum: The subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation as a whole is intended for: –assessment of the standard of living of the population of the Russian Federation; - Federal regulations minimum size wages and minimum pensions, scholarships, allowances and other social payments; - formation of the federal budget. The subsistence minimum in the subjects of the Russian Federation is intended for: -assessment of the standard of living of the population of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation; –providing the necessary state social assistance poor citizens; –formation of budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation.

The subsistence minimum for the III quarter of 2012 in Russia as a whole is set as follows: per capita rub. 60 kopecks; for the working-age population rub. 60 kopecks; for pensioners rub. 70 kopecks; for children rub. 80 kop.

If the amount of the pensioner's material security does not reach the pensioner's subsistence minimum established in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which, in turn, does not reach the value in the whole of the Russian Federation, then the pensioner is set a federal social supplement (FSD) to pension.

If the amount of material support for a pensioner does not reach the subsistence minimum established in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which exceeds the subsistence minimum for the whole of the Russian Federation, then the pensioner will be provided with a regional social supplement (RSA) for pension.

How to calculate the consumer basket you need to know average cost products included in it. Multiply the average cost of a unit of measurement by the consumption standard for each category of the population. Calculate the cost of non-food products according to the list approved by law Calculate the cost of the food basket in terms of the services provided - housing and utility bills, transportation cultural events in accordance with the norms specified in the list Adding up the results of the calculation for all groups of goods and services, you will receive the cost of the food basket in your city.

The Russian consumer basket includes 83 items of goods and services, including: 30 types of food products, 41 types of non-food products, 12 types of services. The consumer basket in the USA consists of 300 products and services-representatives, in France 250, England 350, Germany 475.

From January 1, 2013, the cost of the consumer basket will increase by an average of 300 rubles (for adults, children and pensioners - in different ways), and in addition, its qualitative content will change. At the same time, when drawing up the norm of the consumer basket, the specifics of the region will be taken into account.

What is a consumer basket? The consumer basket is a
set of goods and services that provide
comfortable and complete accommodation
person throughout the year
and satisfying its minimum
needs.

The law "On the consumer basket" in general in the Russian
Federation was adopted by the State Duma at the end
November 2012 It entered into force in January 2013.
The validity period is set at least once every 5
years

Into the consumer basket
first included:
Products
food,
which make up about 50% of its value
(for comparison, in the countries of Western Europe,
this figure does not exceed 20%).
Services
(clothes, underwear,
medicines)
non-food
goods
(transport, cultural
events and others)

The food package for the able-bodied part of the population included:

Non-food products:

Name
Unit
measurements/ term
wear
Volume of consumption (average per person)
able-bodied
population
pensioners
children
Upper
coat
group
pieces/years
3 by 7.6
3 by 8.7
3 by 2.6
Upper
costume dress
group
pieces/years
8 by 4.2
8 by 5
11 by 2
linen
pieces/years
9 by 2.4
10 to 2.9
11 by 1.8
couples/years
7 by 1.4
4 by 1.9
6 by 1.3
couples/years
6 by 3.2
6 by 3.5
7 by 1.8
Hosiery
products
Shoes

Bedding
underwear
pieces/years
14 by 7
14 by 7
14 by 7
Goods
cultural and
economic
destination
pieces/years
19 by 10.5
19 by 10.5
19 by 10.5
10
15
12
5 by 5
4 by 5.6
4/2,8
Items
percent of
first
general
required values
bridges,
expenses for
sanitation and non-food
medicines
essential
goods in
month
head
headwear
pieces/years

Services:

Name
Housing
Central
heating
Unit
measurements
sq. m
general
area
Gcal per year
cold and
l per day
hotter
water supply
And
drainage
Gas supply cube. m in
month
Consumption volume (average per one
person)
working age pensioners
noe
population
18
18
children
18
6,7
6,7
6,7
285
285
285
10
10
10

Very often "consumer basket"
mentioned in connection with the clarification of the subsistence
minimum. The cost of living -
is the estimate of the consumer basket in
monetary terms, but officially poor
people are considered whose income per person
person in the family is below the subsistence level.
Living wage
installed in each region
Russia. If any region
minimum living wage
less than federal, then, according to
law, must be allocated
additional cash
from the state budget

How to calculate the consumer basket in your city?

1.Need to know the average cost of the products,
included in it
2. Multiply the average unit cost by
consumption standard for each category of the population
3. Calculate the cost of non-food items
according to the list approved by law
4. Calculate the cost of the food basket in parts
services provided - payment for housing and utilities
payments, transport costs, cultural events in
in accordance with the standards specified in the list
5. Having added the results of the calculation for all groups of goods and
services, you will receive the cost of the food basket at
your city

Sections: Economy

Lesson plan.

"The welfare of the people is the highest goal of society."

Educational goals:

• To create meaningful and organizational conditions for the development of schoolchildren's skills to analyze a cognitive object (work with different types of text);
• Help students to realize the social, practical and personal significance of educational material, namely the importance of the consumer basket in many areas of the Russian economy;
• Promote the development of communicative competencies;

Type lesson: training session on the generalization and systematization of knowledge and methods of activity

Conduct form: group work

Teaching method: partial search, research, case method

The task of the activity teacher: minimum information functions, maximum management

Teaching methods: comparison with new facts, consultations, analysis, evaluation, analysis of known facts, research management

Teaching methods: awareness of the learning task, independent generalizations on particular issues, drawing up a plan for independent work, correlating the results obtained with the assumption put forward, generalizing on the problem as a whole.

Value Relations

Knowledge:

1. Basic knowledge: definition of the consumer basket, inflation, cost of living. It is correct to use economic terminology (consumer basket, living wage, minimum wage, consumer price index) to understand it in the text, in the speech of the teacher, in the formulation of tasks. Interpret in simple cases graphs of real dependencies between quantities, answering the questions posed.

2. New knowledge: reliable information on a given topic through the use of the information content of the Web.

Ways of action:

1. Support methods: the ability to work in Microsoft Office Excel (allows you to perform calculations, analyze data) and power point. Use of search programs Rambler / Index and links to various sites.

2. New ways: students are given the opportunity to use a computer when finding information through the Web; acquaintance with the Federal Law “On the consumer basket as a whole in the Russian Federation”, the Law “On the consumer basket in areas equated to the north”.

Didactic materials and equipment: computers, projector, reference material, package of documents Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3, Appendix 4, Appendix 5.

Stages of the lesson.

1. Preparation for the perception of the topic of the lesson. Setting the goal of the lesson.

2. Work in groups.

3. Presentation and protection of the results of their activities.

4. Press conference (summarizing the main work in the lesson).

5. Evaluation of their activities.

6. Homework.

During the classes

1. Preparation for the perception of the topic of the lesson. Appendix 5

Setting the goal of the lesson .

Students write down the date and topic of the lesson.

Determine the objectives of the lesson:

• learn to analyze the components of the consumer basket;
• to realize the practical and personal significance of the consumer basket;
• be able to highlight the key moments of their activities, analyze the results of their work and other groups;
• continue to learn logically, build your answer.

Teacher: How do you understand these words “The good of the people is the highest goal of society”?

(students express their attitude and together with the teacher come to a conclusion).

The good of the people is the criterion of progress. This criterion acquires special significance in a socially oriented market economy, where a person becomes the central figure. By the size and structure (a set of life's blessings) of the consumer basket (they also speak of the nutrition model of the population), one can judge the level and quality of life achieved in each particular country.

In the Russian Federation, for the first time in 1999, the Federal Law “On the consumer basket as a whole for the Russian Federation” was adopted.

Teacher: What is the living wage and the consumer basket?

What is the cost of living used for?

How is the cost of living and the consumer basket determined?

Student: Welfare characterizes the standard of living of people. The standard of living is understood as the provision of the population with the necessary material goods and services, the level of their consumption achieved and the degree of satisfaction of reasonable needs.

Raising the standard of living is a priority direction of social development.

The living wage is the value of the consumer basket, as well as mandatory payments and fees.

Consumer basket - a minimum set of food products, non-food products and services necessary to maintain human health and ensure its vital activity.

The living wage is used:

To assess the standard of living of the population in the development and implementation social policy and federal programs;

Justification of the minimum wage set at the federal level;

To determine the amount of scholarships, allowances and other social benefits;

And also for budgeting.

To calculate the living wage:

1. PC is determined - it is clear that it depends on the place of residence, on age, gender and other factors; 2. the cost of the PC is calculated plus mandatory payments and fees (income tax and contributions to the pension fund) - this is the cost of living.

The PC is determined for the main socio-demographic groups of the population (working-age population, pensioners, children), in general for the Russian Federation, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The composition of the minimum set of food products, non-food products and services is determined taking into account: scientific recommendations on minimum volumes of consumption and the list of goods and services necessary to preserve human health and ensure its vital activity; the actual volume of consumption of food products, non-food products and services in low-income families.

Hypothesis: the consumer basket in the Russian Federation is imperfect.

2. Teacher: “You are invited to find and select the necessary information on the topic of the lesson through the use of the information content of the Web, analyze it and present a report in the form of a presentation.

The class is divided into groups.

The teacher suggests that you familiarize yourself with the lesson plan, which indicates the tasks for each of the groups: - Analysis (volume of consumption, value, components) of the consumer basket of the Russian Federation for 1999-2006;

We analyze the cost of the minimum set of foodstuffs in the Russian Federation for 2001-2005;

Analysis of CPI cartography by regions of the Russian Federation (2006);

Analysis of the consumer basket of the Russian Federation for 1999-2006 ( non-food products and services);

Advance task. Make a consumer basket of the city (foodstuffs), determine its cost. Compare the results obtained with reliable information (PC of the Krasnoyarsk Territory). Draw conclusions.

Compare the data with the living wage.

Assign responsibilities to the group:

middle manager (responsible for the search and reliability of information), extra(responsible for information analysis), programmer(for providing selected information) and senior manager(protection of their activities).

Students get acquainted with the work plan in a group, distribute responsibilities. They select the necessary information by using the information content of the Web (using Rambler / Index search programs and links to various sites), or find the necessary information in the “Economy” folder. Appendix 4

Analyze it and present it in the form of a presentation.

List of sites:

• www. eeg. ru-macroeconomic statistics of Russia on the website of the economic expert group of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
• www. vedi. ru/statbase macroeconomic statistics on the website of the Analytical Laboratory “Vedi”
• www. online. rn/spliet/trends/ reviews of the state of the Russian economy on the website of the Institute for the Economy in Transition
• www. exin. en//test/doc. html analytical reports on the economic problems of Russia on the website of the expert institute

3. At the end of the work, the teacher offers to analyze his activities (fill out the assessment sheet). Each group proposes a solution to the problem, substantiating their conclusions, and at the same time has the opportunity to answer questions from the audience, clarify their positions and arguments.

The proposals accepted by the groups are made in the form of presentations that are held for the entire audience.

4. Teacher: “Guys, in the future you will be scientists, managers, deputies ... What issues would you lobbied in the authorities? Is the consumer basket perfect? In your opinion, what should be included in the consumer basket?”

After the presentation of the materials of all groups, press conference, during which students discuss group work, the essence of the problem, the new information for themselves that they were able to learn when they got acquainted with the text of the case, and in the process of discussing it.

5. Students' conclusions:

• The basket is not perfect because there is a discrepancy between the living wage and the minimum wages;
• It is necessary to increase the nutritional and biological value by increasing the consumption of fruits, meat, fish, milk, berries;
• Add to the composition of housing and communal goods and services the cost of renting housing, the cost of building materials and housing repairs;
• Expand the “culture and recreation” group to include the purchase of television and video equipment. The “transport” group should include both the purchase of cars and their Maintenance, and payment for fuel;
• The media should publish monthly CPI and price levels for basic goods and commodity groups. This allows everyone to independently verify the correctness of the calculations of the CPI for the whole country, which will significantly increase public confidence in the quality of statistical data on Russian inflation.

6. Homework: using various sources of information, find the principles by which consumer baskets are formed in other countries (Japan, USA, Great Britain, etc.).

Literature:

1. Lipsits I. V. Economics: Textbook - M .: Vita-Press, 2000.
2. Fundamentals of economic theory: Textbook for 10-11 cells. general education inst. ; Edited by S. I. Ivanov - M .: Vita-Press, 2000.
3. Savitskaya E. V. Economics lessons at school: Toolkit. Grade 9 - M. : Vita-Press, 1997.
4. NETWORK information.