Consumer basket and prices. Consumer basket and prices Development of the issue of the formation of non-food products, taking into account the growth of the child and the climate in which the child lives

At the end of this year, the number of low-income people in the country may change dramatically. Whether it rises or falls will depend on the parameters that will become the basis for calculating the cost of the consumer basket . Together with payments and fees, it constitutes a living wage, which determines not only all social benefits, but also the material status of a person.

But the Ministry of Health and Social Development, which is tasked with developing a new methodology, is in no hurry to share information. In March, he will submit the project for approval to the government, and after that the principles for calculating the subsistence minimum will become known to the public. According to experts, in the consumer basket it is necessary keep three groups of components - foodstuffs, foodstuffs and other services. This should include new positions, because today the real cost of living is three times higher than the value in the basket. Important positions are the possibility of obtaining a loan, as well as savings for unforeseen circumstances, such as health care costs.

While the government thinks about what to put in a new consumer basket, citizens express their wishes. Thus, in the survey, about a third of the respondents offered to replenish the cart with a laptop , more than 30% would like to see in the cart books and periodicals , and 36% voted for mobile phone .

What is the composition of the consumer basket today

Consumer basket contains minimum food : bakery and pasta- 11 kg per month, potatoes - 8.9 kg, vegetables and melons - 8 kg, fresh fruits - 1.9 kg, confectionery and sugar - 1.8 kg, meat products - 3 kg, fish products - 1.3 kg, milk and dairy products - 19.8 l, chicken eggs - 16.6 pcs, vegetable oil, margarine and other fats - 1.1 kg, other products (salt, spices, tea) - 0.4 kg.

This also includes non-food products : outerwear can be bought once every two years, a suit or dress - 2 times a year, underwear - once every three months, one pair of hosiery is designed for 2 months, haberdashery or a headdress - for a year, a pair of shoes - for half a year, 3 school and stationery goods - for a year, bed linen - for half a year, one cultural and household or household goods - for half a year, essentials and medicines - 10% of the total amount of expenses for non-food items per month.

and the cost of such services : payment for housing - 18 sq. m, central heating - 6.7 Gcal per year, hot and cold water supply - 285 liters per day, gas - 10 cubic meters. m per month, electricity - 50 kW. h per month transport services are calculated for 619 trips per year, cultural services - 5% of the amount of expenses for services per month, other types of services - 15% of the amount of expenses for services.

Grocery basket last year

Consumer basket of food last year became cheaper by about 6.1%. It was necessary to pay 2.4 thousand rubles a month for the most necessary products. This is despite the fact that in 2010 the growth in prices for these goods amounted to 22.7%.

The cheapest basket was in the Kursk region : the buyer paid 1.9 thousand rubles for it. The most expensive products cost Chukotka - 6.5 thousand rubles. In the capital, during the year, the minimum set of products fell in price by 5.5% and cost 2.8 thousand rubles. In St. Petersburg, the cost of the basket decreased by 3.3% and turned out to be only 100 rubles cheaper than in Moscow - 2.7 thousand rubles.

Wherein consumer price index increased by 6.4% in the capital over the past year , in St. Petersburg - by 5.9%, while in Russia as a whole this figure increased by 6.1%. At the top of the list of the most dynamically priced products were cereals - their cost increased by 46.5%, and vegetable oil - 27%.

This article was written by me in 2010. Today, June 17, 2014, I re-read it - I looked to see if something needs to be corrected, if something has changed since then. Alas, it has only changed for the worse... After all, the growth of wages and pensions in recent years has lagged far behind real inflation (from the growth in the cost of food and essential goods, as well as from the growth of housing and communal services). You can read more about this in my article on poverty in modern Russia ().
As a result, I left the article unchanged. With that said, as you read the data on contemporary Russia below, keep in mind that the situation has gotten even worse since 2010.
So in 2010 I wrote:

I began to track this topic - the topic of the "minimum consumer basket" in the Russian Federation - since March 2009, when the basic norms for the consumption of products for calculating this basket were seriously reduced compared to the pre-crisis ones.
Let me remind you that this "basket" is needed in order to calculate the subsistence minimum - the cost of living for the average Russian in terms of current prices. The minimum wage and the amount of benefits and subsidies also depend on the size of the official subsistence minimum. social support. The official statistics on the number of poor people in the country is also determined from these data.

MARCH 2009
Here is what many media wrote then, in March 2009:
Quote
<<НИИ питания РАМН и Роспотребнадзор научат страну экономить в кризис.
Scientists have developed a nutrition scheme for different segments of the population and different age groups. The norms have been seriously reduced in comparison with the pre-crisis ones.
The norms drawn up by scientists of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences will soon become, as recognized in the scientific institute itself, the basis for the formation of plans for the volume of production that will be required to meet the needs of the population. They will be a "reference book" for replenishing the assortment in stores and menus in canteens. That is, in fact, a certain set of products will simply be imposed on us. The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Rospotrebnadzor have so far avoided such words, speaking, rather, about the formation of a new way of life, "taking into account changes in the socio-economic situation and the demographic composition of the population."
The product sets recommended for children, able-bodied citizens and pensioners are shocking in their modesty. So, a child from 1 to 6 years old is offered to feed for 2034 rubles per month. Moreover, Rospotrebnadzor advises to focus on cereals, pasta and bread in the diet. But sweets loved by children should be bought for only 36 rubles. Although you can’t even buy good chocolate with this money.
Almost the same with children from 7 to 15 years. For them, a set of products “from scientists” costs 2,804 rubles. Forming a basket for such a child, according to Moscow nutrition experts, one should focus on potatoes, milk and dairy products. But from meat it is advised to eat beef, but not more than 300 rubles a month, and chicken, a little more than 200 rubles.
The working-age population will have to tighten their belts altogether. Rospotrebnadzor and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences believe that an adult man from 16 to 59 years old can spend no more than 2,780 rubles a month on his table. It is advised to give up the meat they love so much. According to the crisis nutrition strategy, you can eat only about 2 kg of beef (for 364 rubles), pork - 670 grams for 126 rubles, and 40 grams of lamb - for 8 rubles 30 kopecks. And the national "vodka" snack - herring - from now on you can eat only 6 rubles a month. By the way, about the beer itself and other alcoholic beverages in the norms of nutrition and, accordingly, in the norms of costs, it is not mentioned at all. RAMS recommends drinking kefir and milk.
....But it's no secret that a working Petersburger now actually spends much more on food. Ordinary residents of the metropolis, according to various surveys, spend from 6-7 to 20 thousand on daily bread per month.
By the way, according to the compilers of the RAMN list of products, the crisis with its lack of funds for food will help Russian citizens finally lose weight>>.
http://www.fontanka.ru/2009/02/24/140/print.html
http://cheldoctor.ru/news/65107.html

I compared then the norms of "healthy nutrition" for pensioners proposed by Rospotrebnadzor (Onishchenko) (2780r - this is exactly what pensioners have left after paying utility bills and electricity bills) with the nutritional norms of prisoners in modern Russian prisons, as well as with nutritional norms German prisoners of war at the beginning of the Second World War. So, below are the norms of P\RZ\NZ - respectively, the daily consumption norms of the main products for:
modern pensioners (P) \ Russian prisoners (RZ) \ German prisoners of war (NV), respectively from the sites:
http://rospotrebnadzor.ru/files/faq/2376_14.pdf (http://rospotrebnadzor.ru/faq/2433/
http://top.rbc.ru/society/12/04/2005/89942.shtml
http://ef.1939-1945.net/010_captives_01.shtml
What happened?
The norm of bread is 440g \ 300g \ 400g - about the same as for German prisoners of war in the Second World War.
Pasta 19g \ 30g \ 15g - noticeably LESS than the current prisoners of the Russian Federation
Meat 93g \ 90g \ 60g - about the same as the current prisoners of the Russian Federation
Fish 44g \ 100g \ 100g - more than two times LESS than prisoners and German prisoners of war of the Second World War
Milk 330ml\100ml\250g - not much more than for German prisoners of war in WWII
Eggs 0.7pcs \ 2pcs \ 0.5pcs - three times LESS than the current prisoners, almost like German prisoners of war in the Second World War
Vegetables 290g \ 250g \ 500g - almost two times LESS than German prisoners of war in the Second World War.
Sahara 61g \ 30g \ 20g - at least in this the current pensioners are ahead of the prisoners and German prisoners of war in the Second World War.
Let me remind you that the purchasing power of the average pension has been steadily decreasing since about 2003/5, since its annual growth since that time has barely compensated for official inflation and is increasingly lagging behind the growth in food prices, especially in the last 2-3 years. In January 2009 alone, the growth in food prices amounted to more than 13% (with the government's official inflation forecast for the whole of 2009 at 13-15%) - thus, the growth in food prices is many times higher than the official inflation rate!
Recently, the government announced that by the end of 2009 the social pension will reach the minimum subsistence level (about 4800 rubles, as far as I remember). At the same time, the government somehow forgets that pensioners still have to pay utility bills, electricity bills and telephone bills from this money. The rest just meets the standards of Rospotrebnadzor for "healthy eating" ...
It can be confidently predicted that by the end of 2009 pensioners will not be able to provide themselves with even the food standards of German prisoners of war in the middle of the Great Patriotic War(when food standards for prisoners of war were minimal).

In July 2009, the chairman of the Federation Council, S. Mironov, also wrote about this.
Sergei Mironov, Chairman of the Federation Council:
Quote:
<<«Пенсионные» поправки содержат пять новшеств. Первое - переоценка денежных прав, которые были приобретены гражданами ещё в советский период работы. Если в 2008 г. средняя трудовая пенсия в стране равнялась 1,22 прожиточного минимума пенсионера (ПМП), то в конце 2009 г. она должна составить 1,33 ПМП, к 2020 г. - 2,5 ПМП. Не могу не заметить, что в 2020 г. мужчинам, вышедшим на пенсию в 1990 г., исполнится 90 лет. Многие ли доживут до такого возраста и дождутся своих 2,5 ПМП?
The second is an increase in the size of the social pension up to the PMP in each subject of the Russian Federation on the basis of appropriate additional payments. This means that such is the price of all the increases, that it will also be necessary to pay extra to the subsistence level! Moreover, this minimum in itself allows not only to live, but to survive.
It turns out that the norms for providing bread and meat in the current minimum consumer budget practically coincide with the rations of Soviet prisoners and German prisoners of war during the Great Patriotic War. In the consumer basket, which has been in force since 2006, the daily intake of bread is 360 g, meat - 102 g, fish - 44 g (that is, meat and fish together - 146 g). And in the norms established for German prisoners of war at the beginning of the war, rye bread was 18 kg per month (600 g per day), meat and fish - 40 g and 120 g, or a total of 160 g per day. By order of the NKVD of the USSR of October 13, 1941, for each prisoner, 700 g of bread, 100 g of fish and fish products and 25 g of meat and meat products were supposed to be per day ...
And on such a miserable foundation are we going to build a new system of income for the population? At the same time, leveling, underestimation of earnings, refusal to restore non-insurance periods in the length of service remain in pension schemes>>.
The indicators of manufactured goods included in the consumer basket also do not correspond to normal life:
http://svpressa.ru/economy/article/31297/
<<К примеру, российские женщины, по замыслам чиновников, должны носить одну меховую шапку и одно пальто целых 8 лет; 2 блузки, 1 юбку и 1 сапоги нужно растянуть на пятилетку, 6 пар колготок - на 2 года, а, извините за натурализм, 2 бюстгальтера носить 3 года. И еще - 5 пар трусов должно им хватить на 2,5 года. Как вам такие расчеты? Как выяснилось, для мужчин норма ношения трусов немного меньше - 5 пар на 2 года, видимо, чиновники учитывают физиологические особенности мужского организма россиянина. Но одно пальто мужчины должны носить те же 8 лет, а 1 брюки - 4 года. Далее, костюм и пара ботинок - на 5 лет, 3 рубашки на 4 года и 3 майки на 3 года. Вот такие забавные показатели, которые чиновники Минздравсоцразвития пока не собираются менять.
By the way, on cultural events, for example, visiting cinemas, museums, theaters, sightseeing trips, and so on, as much as 50 rubles a month are included in the consumer basket>>.

AUTUMN-WINTER 2010
Onishchenko motivated such low standards by the onset of a crisis in which, they say, everyone should save money, including, they say, the poor. Well, yes, yes. It has long been known: who has liquid soup, and who has small pearls. However, even this proverb does not work in Putin’s era: although the soup of the poor becomes thinner and thinner every year, the pearls only become larger during the crisis - remember how the number of billionaires in the Russian Federation increased several times during the crisis. Yes, and kickbacks over the past year and a half have become even larger.
More than a year and a half has passed since March 2009.
What has changed in a year and a half in the cost of a minimum set of food? - Inflation, even if we take official data, has increased at least 18-20% over the past year and a half, - and food prices and the minimum consumer basket, as you know, are growing even faster. Remember at least the increase in prices for many foodstuffs in August-September of this (2010) year, due to the catastrophic heat. In general, the cost of a minimum set of foodstuffs should have increased by at least 30-40%. Should have...
None of this happened!
I quote:
http://gidepark.ru/post/article/inde...n=subscription
<<Каждый месяц Росстат публикует интересные цифры: сколько нужно денег, чтобы не умереть с голоду. Стоимость минимального набора продуктов питания, в среднем по стране в конце октября 2010 г. составила 2465 рублей на месяц. Эти данные рассчитываются на основании Федерального закона "О потребительской корзине в целом по Российской Федерации". Величина прожиточного минимума устанавливается в каждом регионе.
If we compare the weight indicators of the products of the basket with the minimum nutritional standards for those sentenced to deprivation of liberty (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 11, 2005 No. 205), then they can discourage anyone. For example, the main food of millions of Russians - bread and potatoes, is supposed to be almost half as much as a prisoner: respectively, 367 g and 300 g. Bad luck, unlike people behind barbed wire, and with fish products. On the other hand, meat relies on as much as 12 grams more, that is, 102 grams (this figure still falls short of hard labor in Tsarist Russia: then the daily norm included 106 grams of meat and 22 grams of sirloin fat).
You can continue the historical digression and compare the food standards of German prisoners of war during the war with the standards of the basket. According to the order of the NKVD, the prisoner was supposed to monthly 21.6 kg of bread, in the basket only 11.5 kg. The German prisoner consumed 4.8 kg of meat and fish, and the winner 65 years later will be treated to 4.43 kg.
And if we compare with the WHO standards (a person should consume 959.7 kg of food per year), then we are exactly 250 kg short of the norm. Food consumption (excluding potatoes and bread) in the US and Western Europe is 788 kg per year, while ours is 468 kg.
It’s interesting what criteria were used by health officials and employees of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, who were preparing a “scientific justification” for the law on the consumer basket, when the most important social standard does not even reach camp rations, neither health care nor science here, it seems to me, smells. Indeed, as a result, ordinary people are fed in hospitals based on the proposed norms, but simply transferred to the category of prisoners.
The current consumer basket expires in 2010, but the governments of some subjects of the Federation, in particular the Arkhangelsk region, are coming up with initiatives to extend the validity of the composition of the consumer basket for the population for 2011-2015. True, Minister of Health and Social Development Tatyana Golikova said that the consumer basket in 2010 would be revised, but it seems to me that millions of poor citizens will remain "haves" and will not be able to count on social assistance. Maybe only the manufactured goods part of the consumer basket will be replenished with such names as “quilted jacket, wearing period - 5 years” or “tarpaulin boots, wearing period - 2 years”>>.

TSAR RUSSIA, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1917
Let me remind you that this is the third year of the First World War. Although there are no restrictions on food and other goods (vouchers in Russia during WWI were only for sugar), inflation hit prices noticeably (prices for some foodstuffs after 1914 by 1917 increased almost four times \ by the way, in 2004-2010 - no less, without any war \), and on some large factories they begin to calculate the living wage - so that the minimum wage of a worker is not lower than this minimum. Not all factories carried out such calculations: for example, the average salary of a worker at the Putilov factory by 1914 was about 50 rubles per month (600 rubles per year), and more than covered all needs, and allowed most working families to rent separate apartments. At the Obukhov plant, the average monthly wages by 1917 were already about 300 rubles per month (which fully compensated for wartime inflation) - such calculations were made at the Obukhov plant.

LIVING WAGE FOR A WORKING FAMILY AT OBUKHOVSKY PLANT IN PETROGRAD
The living wage calculated in February 1917 is precisely known. at the Obukhov plant in Petrograd (defense plant of the Naval Department) Archive of the history of labor in Russia. Pgd., 1923. Book. 9..S. 58-59.:
“In February 1917, by order of the Naval Department, a survey was conducted among the workers on the minimum budget of a working family. The analysis of these questionnaires determined average cost the maintenance of a family of three at 169 rubles. (per month), of which 29 rubles. went to housing, 42 rubles - for clothes and shoes, the remaining 98 rubles - for food ""»
Housing, within the framework of the minimum requirements of a worker, consisted of one living room and a kitchen, and the payment for the apartment included the cost of lighting and heating. Clothing and footwear consisted of boots - 20 rubles. pair (based on one pair per year per person), galoshes - 6 rubles. (one pair per person per year), wearable dress set - 60 rubles. (one and a half sets per year), top dress - 120 rubles. per set (one for three years). The minimum monthly budget for food consisted of the cost of milk - one and a half bottles a day for 35 kopecks. for a bottle; 2.1 kg of butter for 6.5 rubles. per kilogram; 2.1 kg of other fats for 3.2 rubles. per kilogram; meat or fish (alternate every other day) - 100 g of meat (20 kopecks for each family member), 200 g of fish (20 kopecks); daily for all about 1 kg of rye bread (17 kopecks), about 600 g of wheat bread (30 kopecks), 820 g of potatoes (20 kopecks), about 60 g of sour cabbage (30 kopecks); about 600 g of different cereals (22 kopecks); one and a half eggs, about 3.7 kg of sugar (2 rubles 70 kopecks). """ (Archive of the history of labor in Russia. Pgd., 1922. Book 9.. S. 59). Most of the workers of the Obukhov plant lived much above the subsistence We also note that the norms of essential goods for calculating the "minimum consumer basket" in January-February 1917 were laid much higher than in modern Russia ().
At the same time, at the Obukhov plant, the lowest monthly salary (last category) was 160 rubles, all other workers received from 225 to 400 rubles. per month, with an average salary of about 300 rubles.

SOMETHING MORE ABOUT THE WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE OBUKHOV PLANT BEFORE 1917
(according to the Archive of the History of Labor in Russia. Pgd., 1923. Book 9..S. 58-69):
The working day since 1902 was 9 hours, and on Saturdays and pre-holiday days- 6.5 hours. At the same time, there were more than 110 non-working days per year (before WWI). Pensions and benefits for accidents at the plant were introduced from 1906 (6 years earlier than the Law on Social Insurance was adopted in the Republic of Ingushetia). In addition to all insurance payments, treatment was paid if the worker, for some reason, was treated not in the hospitals of the Maritime Department (there treatment was free for the workers of the Obukhov Plant), but in other paid hospitals. In 1909, a maternity hospital and a shelter for mothers with children (analogous to nurseries and kindergartens) were opened at the plant. There was a school for 500 children at the plant. Further, the plant has been building housing for workers since the 19th century, and in 1905, for example, it built 5 residential buildings (with separate apartments) - however, this housing was considered official, and after dismissal from the plant, one could stay there for no more than 6 months ... Yes, in February 1917, the workers of the Obukhov plant also went on strike - this is with an average monthly salary of about 300 rubles. (almost three times more than the average for Russia), and with the best in the world (at that time) social insurance. They demanded a revision of the pay system, an increase in wages by another 25%, an 8-hour working day, and, under the influence of agitators, put forward political slogans - from the beginning of 1917 and in all other warring countries, the number of strikes increased sharply, both against the hardships of the war and and against the continuation of the war itself..

By the way, the locksmith V.A. Shelgunov worked at this very Obukhov plant - in whose apartment in 1894 - 1895 the Marxist circle of workers of the Nevsky Zastava gathered, led by the then young lawyer V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin). So, the V. Shelgunov family lived in a separate apartment, in a two-story house built for the plant in 1894 for its workers. It was one of the standard houses of the factory, and in 1894 there were only separate apartments. V.A. Shelgunov in 1894 was only 27 years old - so the plant provided housing for young, small-family workers.

I will also say a few words about the famous "Obukhov defense of 1901":
<< «В 1901 году первомайская стачка на военном Обуховском заводе в Петербурге превратилась в кровавое столкновение между рабочими и войсками. Вооруженным царским войскам рабочие могли противопоставить только камни и куски железа. Упорное сопротивление рабочих было сломлено. А потом последовала жестокая расправа: около 800 рабочих было арестовано, многие были брошены в тюрьмы и сосланы на каторгу. Но героическая "Обуховская оборона" оказала значительное влияние на рабочих в России, вызвала волну сочувствия среди рабочих». – такую характеристику событиям дает советская историография, тов. Сталин. Это и понятно. Однако, кроме классовой марксисткой точки зрения на инцидент в Обухово, существуют и иные. Дело в том, что Обуховский сталелитейный завод первым в нашей стране (еще в XIX) наладил производство современных по тем временам дальнобойных орудий. Ни английские, ни французские суда теперь не могли бы и приблизиться к русским портам, не то чтобы десант высадить. Уникальность этого высокотехнологичного производства не могла остаться незамеченной британскими военными. А ведь против России уже вынашивались враждебные планы. Япония во всю вооружалась на западные кредиты. И тем, кто ее вооружал необходимо было одновременно ослабить нашу страну. И вот год за годом совершаются подрывные действия, часть из которых запечатлелись как исторические события. В 1901 году это была так называемая «Обуховская оборона». http://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1900sob/1901obuh.html >>.

Let's return to the norms of the minimum consumption of February 1917 and the current ones.
If we compare these norms for the minimum consumption of a worker of the tsarist state-owned factory of the beginning of 1917 with the norms of the government of the Russian Federation of 2010, we will see that in many positions (both in terms of food and clothing) the norms of 2010 are significantly (some more than twice) less than in January 1917 - let me remind you, this is in the third year of the difficult First World War! Recalculating the cost of this minimum basket of 1917 to modern prices shows that its cost is about 1.5 times more than the cost of the minimum basket for a worker in 2010!
At the same time, most of the workers of the Obukhov plant lived much above the subsistence level. I quote further again from the book of O. Platonov:
<<Так, рабочие первой категории получали по 400 руб., II категории – 350 руб., III категории – 300 руб., IV категории – 225 руб. И только рабочие последней, V категории не имели возможности содержать семью, получая ниже прожиточного уровня на семью из трех человек (160 руб.).

COMPARISON OF WAGES OF WORKERS BEFORE 1917 WITH EUROPE AND THE USA
Academician Strumilin managed to prove that at the beginning of the 20th century, the earnings of Russian workers were among the highest in the world, ranking second after the earnings of American workers. Here is the course of his reasoning. The average annual wage in the US manufacturing industry according to the 1914 qualification was $573 a year, $11.02 a week, or $1.84 a day. In terms of the Russian currency at parity, the daily wage of an American worker was 3 rubles. 61 kop. gold. In Russia, according to the mass data of 1913, the annual earnings of workers in money and in kind amounted to 300 rubles for 257.4 working days, i.e. did not exceed 1 rub. 16 kop. per day, thus not reaching even a third (32.2%) of the American norm. From this, the usually hasty conclusions were drawn about the sharp lag in the standard of living of Russian workers from American standards. But given the relative high cost of living in these countries, the conclusions are different. Comparing the prices of the most important foodstuffs in Russia and the USA, it turns out that in the USA food is three times more expensive than in Russia. Based on these comparisons, we can conclude that the level of real wages in Russian industry should be estimated at no lower than 85% of the US. The real level of wages in the industry of Russia was quite high and outpaced the level of wages in England, Germany, France.
The high level of wages in industry fully corresponded to the relatively high (for that time) share of wages in the national income, amounting to about 55% in 1908, i.e. again, it was close to the American one.
The high level of wages of Russian workers was combined with a greater number of days off and holidays than in other countries. For industrial workers, the number of days off and holidays was 100-110, and for peasants it even reached 140 days a year.
At the Meeting of Representatives of St. Petersburg Engineering and Mechanical Plants, held in January 1905, two weeks after the well-known bloody events, a shorter working year for Russian workers compared to Western European ones was canceled. Before the revolution itself, the duration of the working year in Russia averaged about 250 days in industry, and about 230 days in agriculture. For comparison, let's say that in Europe these figures were completely different - about 300 working days a year, and in England - even 310 days.
Russian people got rich with their labor. During the years 1894-1914, the amount of deposits of the population in savings banks increased seven times. The amount of deposits and own capital in small credit institutions for the years 1894-1917 increased 17 times. Deposits in joint-stock commercial banks for 1895-1915 - 13 times>>.
That's it...

A LITTLE ABOUT THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917
Of course, after all this, the question arises: what did the workers of Petrograd, who revolted in February 1917, want? - Well, it is clear that all the peoples of all warring countries are tired of the war. The number of strikes in all countries increased sharply from the very beginning of 1917. And yet, since the autumn of 1916, the situation in Petrograd looked like some kind of general madness or mass psychosis ... I advise you to read more about the February Revolution, however strange it may seem, the article "February Revolution" in the Russian Wikipedia (http:// ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_revolution) - in May-June 2011 it was possible to bring it to a more or less adequate modern knowledge view (I don't know how long this view will last there). And here I will give only an interesting opinion of the historian V.E. Shambarova ("Belogvardeyshchina". - M., "EKSMO-Press", 2002 (Chapter "Empire before death"):

"Russia enjoyed almost all political freedoms ... Since 1905, censorship was completely abolished - and restored in 1914 as military censorship. Even the Bolshevik Pravda was legally published since 1912, and when for obviously illegal publications it still closed, immediately resumed work under a different name with the same composition of the editorial board.In political life, the ban existed only on those parties that openly preached extremist and terrorist goals - but this phenomenon is quite normal for any civilized state.
Yes, there were failures on the fronts of the world war. But there were also bright victories: in Turkey, in Galicia, breakthroughs in Hungary. Relative losses were approximately equal (remember after that 1941-1943!). At the turn of 1914/15, there were acute shortages in the supply of ammunition. But soon after August 1915 (when Nicholas II took over the army), the industry was reorganized on a war footing, and the situation improved completely. By 1917, the army received armaments and supplies in such quantities that it was enough for the entire civil war, and even later, it was given away by the Bolsheviks to friendly regimes.
So there seemed to be no reason for such a sharp and general discontent? But it wasn't for you and me. The answer lies in the field of psychology. We must not forget that during the 70 years of communist domination, the people were leveled and drilled, by all means leading to the obedience of slaughter cattle. Moreover, at all fractures and in all critical situations, the best died first of all - both on the civil fronts, and from terror, and in the hell of the Gulag, and under the combs of dispossession and collectivization, and in the flames of the Patriotic War. The best gene pool was systematically beaten out, and, accordingly, the stereotypes of thinking changed, gradually coming to the current ones. And at the beginning of the century, just on the crest of Russia's power, people were still completely different! And their psychology was radically different from ours.
Corruption and embezzlement of that time - children's toys compared to modern ones - overflowed the cup of their patience. Military failures - not so shameful in relation to any Chechnya (not to mention the catastrophe of 1941-1942) - were perceived as a genuine tragedy of national shame. Injustices and shortcomings state system, which you and I would not have noticed, the then person was not allowed to breathe. And the first - the very first in Russia! - Queuing for groceries looked like a personal affront. And the reasons, insignificant, from our point of view, turned out to be enough to collapse the 300-year-old dynasty.”

MODERN RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN CONSUMER BASKETS
I will add to everything that has been said briefly about how a normal modern European consumer basket differs from a modern Russian one: in the Russian Federation, its calculation is based on the level of physiological SURVIVAL, and in the EEC (and other developed countries) - minimum level LIFE.
Let's just say that if the Russian consumer basket for the poor includes only 29 items of products and goods, then the similar French one - more than 500, and the German one - more than 700 products, goods and services: http://svpressa.ru/economy/article /31297/
For example, the French minimum for determining the poor for 2004 was determined by the figure of 650 euros! Let's add to this the figures of the minimum wage, which is calculated in the Russian Federation, including on the basis of the consumer basket: Russia - 1100 rubles per month, France - 1254.28 euros with taxes, 980 euros - net (2004). At the same time, in France officially there are 6% of the poor, and in Russia, according to various estimates, from 12% to 20% fall into this category (data for 2004, in 2010 - 14%).
The average pension in Russia at the end of 2009 was only 23-24% of the average salary. V. Putin set the task for the responsible departments to bring this figure in the Russian Federation to 40% by ... 2020! But even this more than modest task in the realities of the current pension system of the Russian Federation is hardly feasible (http://www.argumenti.ru/toptheme/2009/11/42319/).
And what about in Europe? On average in the European Union, this indicator, called the replacement rate, is at the level of 65%. In France it is 50%, in Sweden and Germany - 65%. Italian and Spanish pensioners receive 90% of their previous salary! At the same time, we recall that the average Russian salary in dollar terms is now 500-600 dollars. And in Europe - 1.5-2,000 dollars.
How many Russians live below the European poverty line? Looks like at least 80%! - indeed, almost a "Chinese version"!
On the topic of the modern consumer basket in the Russian Federation and its comparison with the "Chinese model", see also.

What is a consumer basket?

This is a set of services and goods that are necessary for a person to live comfortably throughout the year. That is, it is the minimum satisfaction of human needs. The consumer basket is linked to the minimum subsistence level for a person. In Russia, the consumer basket will be revised along with the cost of living. Because in some regions of Russia there is a special understatement of the subsistence minimum for pensioners in order to receive money from the state budget. The size of the subsistence minimum is set in each region of Russia. And if this region has a minimum subsistence level lower than the federal one, then according to the law of the Russian Federation, additional funds should be allocated. And if it turns out that the subsistence minimum is deliberately lowered in the region, then the money may not be allocated.

Contents of the consumer basket

The consumer basket includes a minimum set of food products, taking into account dietary restrictions and providing a minimum required amount calories. The consumer basket includes food products, goods and services for people that are necessary to maintain health and ensure human life. The consumer basket is being developed for the three main “socio-demographic groups” of the Russian population, children, pensioners, and the working population. When determining it, climatic conditions, local consumption patterns of some subjects, as well as national traditions are taken into account. Food: bread, potatoes, cereals, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, dairy products, etc. in Russia from total costs people spend about 50% or more of their total family income. The consumer basket also includes non-food items (medicines, footwear, clothing, underwear, hats). It is also a monthly fee for public utilities(water supply, electricity, heating), transport services, cultural events and more. According to the norms that are currently in force, one able-bodied person in Russia is entitled to about 9 kilograms of potatoes, 2 kilograms of fruit, about 3 kilograms of meat products, 1 kilogram of fish per month. If you calculate, then this is approximately the same amount per day: 66 grams of fresh fruit, 33 grams of fish, 100 grams of meat and 300 grams of potatoes.

Judging by the norms, autumn and outer clothing should be changed once every seven years.

And underwear about every two months. Shoes - six pairs. Bed linen - twice a year. The Living Wage Law provides for changes in the consumer basket for socio-demographic groups of the population at least once every five years. Despite what the law provides, the government by this instruction proposes to leave these norms for another two years. The consumer price index (CPI) is the ratio of the cost of the consumer basket to this moment and to its value in the prices of the base period (prices of the previous year or month), but does not take into account the impact of changes in the income of the population of the country, the amount of the structure of its use. Key Findings on the Consumer Basket Required: Refine the product mix of the consumer basket based on the adjustment individual items minimum set, but with its invariance chemical composition and energy value for the main socio-demographic groups.

Development of the issue of the formation of non-food products, taking into account the growth of the child and the climate in which the child lives.

Clarify the current procedure for calculating the minimum set non-food items family use in Russia and regions. Consideration of housing and communal services in each region in different ways, taking into account the climate and the characteristics of the consumption structure. Determine the procedure for calculating the normative use of vehicles for children and pensioners in the context of the abolition of benefits and development in the regions commercial types transport.

Daria Nikitina

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Consumer basket is a set of goods and services necessary for a more or less comfortable full-fledged living for a person throughout the year. More precisely, for the minimum satisfaction of needs. The cost of living is closely related to the concept of a consumer basket.

News agencies swept the news that the consumer basket in 2010, along with the subsistence minimum, will be revised - this was stated by Tatyana Golikova, Minister of Health and Social Development. The thing is that some regions in Russia deliberately lower the cost of living for pensioners in order to receive additional Money from the state budget. The subsistence minimum is set in each region. And if the region has this value less than the federal one, then, according to the law, additional money should be allocated. But if it turns out that the subsistence minimum is deliberately underestimated in the region, then he will not receive funds from the budget.

The composition of the consumer basket

What is included in the consumer basket?

• First of all, these are food products - bread, cereals, potatoes, fruits and vegetables, meat, fish, milk, etc. It should be noted that in Russia the share of expenses for food in families is very high and can be 50% or more of total family expenses.
• Next come non-food items - clothes, shoes, hats, underwear, medicines.
• And the third category is services, which include payment for housing, heating, water supply, electricity (utilities), as well as expenses for transport, cultural events and others.

These goods and services are listed in the annex to federal law "On the consumer basket". You can see the full list of items included in the consumer basket in the picture below.

Consumer basket value: data for 3 years (2007-2011)

Now let's give statistics on the prices of the consumer basket for the past 3 years + for the current 2011 (so far, detailed information is not available).

The table above shows the cost of the minimum set of food products included in the consumer basket (calculated for men of working age). Prices in rubles, averaged over the territory of Russia.