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Download a presentation on the theme of the UAE. United Arab Emirates (UAE)

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Geographical position - UAE is bordered by Qatar in the west and northwest, with Saudi Arabia in the west and south, with Oman in the north, east and southeast. - Washed by the waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs. - Territory - 83,600 km²

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Historical background In the 7th century, small sheikhdoms located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman became part of the Arab Caliphate, which spread Islam among the locals. During this period, the cities of Dubai, Sharjah, El Fujairah arose. As the Caliphate weakened, the sheikhs received more and more autonomy. In the X-XI centuries, the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula was part of the Karmatian state, and after its collapse came under the influence of Oman. On December 2, 1971, six of the seven emirates of Trucial Oman announced the creation of a federation called the United United Arab Emirates. The seventh emirate, Ras Al Khaimah, joined in 1972.

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The state structure of the United Arab Emirates is a unique combination of republican and monarchical systems. The UAE is a federal state, consisting of seven emirates - absolute monarchies. The state is headed by the Emir of Abu Dhabi, the government is headed by the Emir of Dubai.

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OEA in modern world Independence date December 2, 1971 (from UK) Official language Arabic Capital Abu Dhabi Major cities Dubai Form of government Federal absolute monarchy President Vice President, Prime Minister Khalifa an-Nahyan Mohammed Al Maktoum State religion Sunni Islam Territory Total % of water surface. 114th in the world 83,600 km² 0 Population Estimate (2013) Census (2005) Density 5473 972 people (114th) 4,106,000 people 65 person/km² (110th) GDP (PPP) Total (2012) Per capita $271.1 billion (49th) $150,549.584 (6th) GDP (nominal) Total (2012) per capita $384.196 billion (30th) $71,637.554 (5th)

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The UAE is a large oil producing country. The main sectors of the economy: oil and gas and petrochemical, fishing, metallurgy, and the oil and gas industry is rapidly developing, which provides the predominant part government revenue and almost all foreign exchange earnings. The most important natural wealth of the country is oil and gas. The main hydrocarbon reserves are concentrated in the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. According to 1999 data, the proven oil reserves in the UAE are ranked 6th in the world (after Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Venezuela). In terms of proven natural gas reserves, the UAE ranks 4th in the world (after Russia, Iran and Qatar). Over the past 4 years, the UAE has shown a small and stable increase in the value of gold exports. In 2013, this figure amounted to $16.2 billion or 6.2%; data for 2014 is not yet available.

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Arab management model The Arab management model is greatly influenced by the religious traditions of Islam, family and friendship relations, and the interests of communities. The Arabic style of management has its own value system and is distinguished by the following characteristics: - results planning is focused not on the labor process, but on the individuality of the employee as a person; measures to activate the activities of employees and managers contribute to the emergence of internal motives not to achieve the goals of the team, but to satisfy the need for promotion, obtaining authority; - the need to foresee the social conventions of the behavior of workers of different sexes in the process of work; - the use of personal communication channels in the process of developing a solution, searching for information, issuing a work plan; - selection of personnel and managers on the basis of belonging to one family, community (clan); underestimation of the time resource as the most valuable and time constraints of any processes, including communicative ones; - the activities of managers of lower levels of the hierarchy are subject to obligations to managers higher in terms of management.

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National features The United Emirates is one of the richest countries in the world. An indicator of this is a statistical fact: for 5,000,000 UAE citizens, there are 59,000 dollar millionaires. Basically, business is conducted in an honest way. While projects can sometimes experience delays, the world business man in the UAE is his guarantee. The attitude of many UAE businessmen to time is becoming more reverent. They appreciate and expect a speedy response to a message sent by any means of communication, including fax. Muslims wear a traditional, loose, flowing robe that is meant to protect them from the heat and the sun. They can cover their heads with a scarf-gutra (white or with red edges), which is worn over a white tight-fitting cap (kefiya), which is held on the head with a special rolled cord - it is called agal. It is believed that foreigners act very impolitely when they wear this form of clothing.

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Forms of organizations in the UAE Companies Law, which can be considered quite advanced and modern legislative document, was based mainly on the practice and experience of neighboring Arab countries, which use the French system to classify companies. Its provisions classify companies of two main types - enterprises created by a sole proprietor, as a rule, a citizen of the Arab Emirates, and commercial companies within seven types, and each type has its own requirements for the establishment of a company. A separate section of this Law specifies the requirements for registration foreign companies in the UAE. Thus, in the territory of the UAE are allowed following form commercial companies: Partnership; Limited partnership; Partnership limited by contributions; Company with limited liability(LLC); Cooperative activity; Public joint-stock company(JSC open type); Private joint stock company (closed joint-stock company). We draw attention to the fact that such organizational form like a partnership, not allowed for foreign legal entities. The most common form of a company with foreign participation is L.L.C., while the share of foreign capital is legally limited to 49%, and at least 51% of the capital must belong to a local sponsor.

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Arab Management Model The Arab management style is greatly influenced by the religious traditions of Islam, family and friendship relations, and community interests. For a more complete picture of the driving forces of the Islamic style of business management, consider the Islamic concept of business. The concept of motivation, as you know, includes inner intention, will and determination, and behavior is a way of life and actions of a person. Islamic ethical principles determine the individual choice of a person, based not only on maximizing personal benefits, but also benefits for the welfare of society. Islamic economic system supports private property and market competition, but at the same time strictly monitors the fair distribution of goods. Islam encourages a person to increase his material wealth, using it for the benefit of society, making a profit. As an owner, a person is interested in increasing his wealth, and this, in turn, is a factor of production.

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Muslim theorists, proving the undesirability and perniciousness of such a category as loan interest in the monetary system, give the following arguments: - Violation of the principle of justice. The borrower must pay the predetermined interest on the loan even in the event of a loss; - growth of consumer, state and international debts; - violation of the balance in the system of distribution of income and benefits; - concentration of economic power in the hands of a limited category of persons; - an increase in the rate of inflation.

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The Islamic concept implies the principles of universal equality, which are reflected in many provisions of the Koran and consist in equality: - Muslims before each other; - all before the law and justice; - men and women before God; - social responsibility. The Islamic concept implies the principles of universal equality, which are reflected in many provisions of the Koran and consist in equality: - Muslims before each other; - all before the law and justice; - men and women before God; - social responsibility.

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In the context of the theory of the firm within Islamic economics main goal human being is the achievement of material and spiritual wealth. The Islamic producer, as well as the Islamic consumer, strives to increase the goods of this world in such a way as to acquire the goods of eternal life. Therefore, their economic activity is determined by the norms of religious morality. The theory of the firm and production is based on the following ethical rules: - maximization of the social utility of universal interests (“maslakha”); - the company's production goals and activities should be consistent with Shariah (for example, light industry should not produce things that do not meet the criterion of modesty and restraint, agriculture should not engage in pig breeding, etc.); - a fair form of income distribution with an emphasis on a special tax - "zakat" and charity; - double control in management: divine - based on internal faith, external - from the outside authorized bodies; - prohibition of harm or damage to others, minimization of social losses.

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The main characteristics of an Islamic firm - a firm in its activities is limited ethical rules Sharia and aims to meet the basic needs of society by minimizing costs and setting reasonable prices; - the firm makes a profit in the open competition, without the use of fraud and deceit; The firm expects to operate under conditions where total revenue is equal to total cost. However, some economists also consider it fair to set optimal production under the condition that marginal cost and marginal revenue are equal; - the employer can set a higher wages compared to the level in the labor market, if he believes that this will be fair; - the firm bears social responsibility; - the main principles of business are: "musharaka", "mudaraba", "beysalyam", "istisna" and other types of free from restrictions "riba", "garara", and "mesirah". - the rights and obligations of market agents are established in advance and fixed in the contract.

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There are four types of partnership in Islamic business: - Inan is cooperation both in business and in its financing, with the division of income according to participation in both, and losses - depending on the share of participation in the capital. According to the form of organization, inan is a limited liability company. It includes persons who have invested capital of different amounts in the common cause and bear different responsibilities. Accordingly, the profit they receive is also different, the amount of which is agreed in advance in the contract. Partners should not exceed the pre-agreed powers, unless a new agreement has been reached on such excess; - Mufawada - a long-term agreement between trading houses regarding mutual commerce and mutual trade, support as well as insurance. Mufawada in form is an unlimited liability company that provides business risk insurance and the provision of intermediary services. The members of this partnership have equal shares in the capital. According to the agreement, the profit received within the framework of the mufawada is divided equally between all partners; - Wujuh - an agreement to provide a loan. Partners receive an interest-free loan and carry out joint activities. The profit is agreed in advance, and the losses are borne by each project participant in the amount of the used share of the loan; - Amal - a partnership based on the joint work (both physical and intellectual) of the participants without attracting capital, when two or more producers choose a kind of activity and carry out work on their own. Amal rules out unification Money partners, assuming the cooperation of personal efforts; profits are divided on the basis of an agreement on the contribution of each to the common cause.

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There are a number of restrictions in Islamic business. To prohibited species business activity include: - usury; - uncertain transactions with increased risk; - activities incompatible with the morality of Islam (gambling, lotteries, speculation in securities); - traditional commercial insurance; - production and trade in prohibited goods; - the establishment of a monopoly, as well as conspiracy to set prices for a monopoly product; - irrational use natural resources or hinder their recovery.

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The climate in the United Arab Emirates is very hot with high humidity. Winters, in its European sense, are simply not known here: January and December daytime temperatures are about + 28, night temperatures are within +18, while summer allows the air to heat up to + 50 degrees Celsius.

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Business meetings must be arranged in advance. If this is your first meeting with this person or company, please contact us in writing. Bilingual Business Cards. Punctuality is expected of foreign guests, even if the host does not possess this quality. The traditional greeting in the UAE is a handshake with the words “Salaam Alaikem”, which means “peace be upon you”. The handshake may be accompanied by hugs and a kiss on the left and right cheeks. A man can only shake a woman's hand if she holds it out for a handshake.

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Meetings in the Emirates reflect the tradition of the Majlis - a living room where people gather to talk about politics and business. This tradition, which has been preserved since ancient times, is colored by hospitality and playfulness. The meeting can last until late, with delays and extensions. The host will talk to each guest and everyone is given a chance to speak, which makes the meeting a long one. Character traits of the meeting participants are very important. A businessman must be self-confident and a good speaker.

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Delays are quite common, participants may well be late. This is expected and therefore perceived as a pleasant pause, during which you can drink another cup of coffee or tea. Offering coffee to guests is an important part of Arab culture. Refusing drinks and food offered at meetings is considered impolite. Remember that Arabs drink very sweet drinks, and if you are offered a drink, you can politely remark that you prefer less sugar.

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Some businessmen from the UAE may wear light suits for business meetings. Western businessmen should do the same. In most offices, trousers and a short-sleeve shirt with a tie are acceptable for men. Light suits and sports-style jackets are also allowed. Regardless of the temperature, shirts with an open collar should not be worn, although the jacket can sometimes be removed. For business meetings and official events, a long-sleeved shirt is always worn, while a tie is a must.

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For business women, conservative, light suits or loose dresses are offered. At the same time, their length should be below the knee, they should be with a high neckline, the sleeves should cover the upper part of the arm.

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Basically, business is conducted in an honest way. Although sometimes there can be delays in projects, the world of a business person in the UAE is his guarantee. The attitude of many UAE businessmen to time is becoming more reverent. They appreciate and expect a speedy response to a message sent by any means of communication, including fax.

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References Grushevitskaya T.G., Popkov V.D., Sadokhin A.P. Fundamentals of intercultural communication. - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2002. Islam and Western Civilization. - http://www.islamcom.ru 8. Mamed-zade P.N. On the prospects for political modernization in the Arab countries. Kochetkov V.V. Psychology of intercultural differences. - M.: PER SE, 2002. Kochetkov V.V. business cultures in international cooperation. – M.: Sotsium, 2002.

United Arab Emirates

Economic and geographical characteristics of the United Arab Emirates

Worked on the project: Daria Baraulya, Anastasia Balueva.

Introduction

This country is a unique combination of oriental luxury, western service and exotic landscapes. The main advantage of the UAE is the bright sun 360 days a year and the warm clear waters of the Persian Gulf. The UAE is a country of rich sheikhs, dazzling beauties and endless deserts.

Geographical position

United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federal state consisting of seven emirates, each of which is a state - an absolute monarchy: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Qaiwain, Fujairah and Sharjah. Some of the listed emirates fall under the definition of a dwarf state.
The capital of the United Arab Emirates is also the capital of the emirate of Abu Dhabi, the city of Abu Dhabi

The climate of the UAE is dry subtropical; the number of rainy days does not exceed 7-10 per year, mainly in winter (January and February). With the exception of the hot summer period, the climate in the UAE is almost ideal.
The daily temperature range, depending on the season, ranges from +10°C to +48°C.
In the winter months, the temperature rarely drops below +20 degrees. And in the hottest summer months, the average temperature is about +35.
The water temperature on the open beaches of the UAE (Persian Gulf) ranges from +19 in winter to +35 in summer.

Natural resources

The most important natural wealth of the country is oil and gas. The main hydrocarbon reserves are concentrated in the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
The territory of the UAE with the adjacent water area is located on the platform slope of the Persian Gulf oil and gas basin. Oil deposits, like gas deposits, are mainly confined to limestones.
Chromite-bearing placers (Cr 2 O 3) were found, small ore occurrences of copper and manganese were revealed. In 1974 deposits of uranium ore were found.

Coat of arms. Hymn.

The main elements of the emblem of this state: a golden (yellow) falcon; rounded shield; the national flag of the UAE; tape with the name of the country.
The falcon is a symbol of autocracy in the UAE. He confidently holds in his paws a ribbon of scarlet (scarlet) color, on which the name of the state is written in Arabic.
In the tail plumage, seven feathers can be counted, equal to the number of emirates into which the country is divided. The bird is painted in yellow (gold) and white (silver) colors, which correlate with precious metals. Yellow color reminds that most of the country is occupied by the desert.

IN anthem the greatness of the country, its value for the people is sung, its religion is indicated.

عيشي بلادي عاش اتحاد إماراتنا …

Form of government.

The state is headed by the President of the United Arab Emirates, who is the Emir of the largest emirate of Abu Dhabi.
Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Population.

The population of the United Arab Emirates is approximately 4.8 million people, of which ethnic Arabs make up only a third, and indigenous people - 11%
The state religion is Islam, on the basis of which the country's legislation is largely built, although other religions are also allowed.
The official language in the UAE is Arabic. English, Hindi, Urdu and Farsi are also used.
Since the middle of the last century, the population of the UAE has increased 20 times, primarily due to the influx of foreign labor.
Average life expectancy is 75 years (76 years for men, 81 years for women)
population disproportion. Women now make up about one-third of the total population.
Since the 1990s, the natural population movement has been characterized by high birth rates and low death rates.

Economy.

The UAE economy is one of the most highly developed in the world.
GDP per capita level $35,392 (2015)
The country's GDP over the past quarter century has grown 8 times - from $50 billion in 1990 to $400 billion in 2015.
The main directions in the economy: oil and gas production, tourism.

culture

Seas and rivers In the north, the UAE has access to the Persian Gulf, from where through the Gulf of Oman you can get to the Arabian Sea, and then to the Indian Ocean. The country's water resources are extremely scarce, there are no permanent rivers in the UAE, only wadis - channels of temporary water flows that tend to appear and disappear

natural conditions United Arab Emirates The landscape of the UAE is not particularly diverse, only in the east of the country the peaks of the Al Hajjar mountains rise majestically, whose age is about 200 million years. The value of these mountains, consisting of individual massifs up to m above sea level, lies in their reserve water resources in the form of volcanic lakes and groundwater. The climate of the UAE is dry subtropical. Winters in the UAE are warm and sunny with average daily temperatures of around 26°C, however at nights in winter temperatures can drop to 12-15°C on the coast and even below 5°C in the desert and highlands. In summer, average daily temperatures are around 45°C, and sometimes even higher. The water temperature in the Persian Gulf exceeds 33 ° C in summer, and in winter it drops to 16 ° C in the north and up to Although the coastal regions of the country are wetter (50-60% humidity, up to 90% in summer and autumn) than the central precipitation is not more than 100 mm. In other words, rains in the UAE are rare (no more than 7-10 days a year, usually in winter). Droughts, which can last several years in a row, are normal for this region. In winter and spring, the United Arab Emirates is characterized by sandy winds that blow mainly from the north and northwest

Transport routes The main part of foreign transportation is carried out by sea. Own maritime transport is poorly developed - the total displacement is about 1 million tons. A significant amount of cargo is transported on foreign ships. The total cargo turnover is about 35 million tons. cargo and up to 80 million tons. oil per year. The most important ports are Jebel Ali and Rashid in the emirate of Dubai, Zayed in Abu Dhabi, Fujairah in the principality of the same name

Resources of the UAE The UAE, as is known, is one of the oil-exporting countries: the proven oil reserves of the United Arab Emirates are about 10% of the world's - about 13.5 billion tons. Daily oil production exceeds 2.7 million barrels, of which about 2.2 million are exported. The main oil importers of the UAE are the countries southeast Asia, while Japan accounts for about 60% of the oil exported by the UAE. Most of the country's reserves are concentrated in the emirate of Abu Dhabi. Main oil fields are: in Abu Dhabi - Asab, Beb, Bu Khasa; in Dubai - Fallah, Fateh, Southwest Fateh; in Rashid Sharjah - Mubarak. The oil refining capacity of the UAE is about 39.3 thousand tons per day. The country's main refineries are Ruweiz and Um Al Nar-2. The UAE's oil industry is controlled by the government. State oil company Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) includes oil producing, service and transport companies Outcrops of gold, lead, copper, and sulfur were discovered on the territory of the UAE. industrial value have stocks of asbestos, estimated at thousand tons, gypsum, million tons. Also available in the UAE iron ore, uranium and other minerals.

Type of reproduction, size The population is approximately 4.5 million people, of which ethnic Arabs make up only a third, and indigenous people 11%. The rest are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries who immigrated to the UAE as temporary workers. 85% of the people living in the country are not its citizens. Arab immigrants are represented mainly by Palestinian refugees. The male part of the population is 2.54 million people (65%) of the total population. The UAE has the highest population growth in the Middle East and one of the highest in the world. 95% of the population of the Emirates are people under the age of 50 years. The biggest age group These are older people. Despite high population growth, the UAE has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world ($19,000/year). The type of reproduction is the second.

Level of urbanization and big cities 88% of the population of the Emirates is concentrated in cities. The largest and fastest growing city in Dubai, with a population of over 1.5 million people. Other major cities Abu Dhabi (capital), Al Ain, Fujairah and Sharjah

Sectors of specialization At present, the UAE is one of the richest countries in the world, in terms of its standard of living it is quite comparable with the countries of the Big Seven. Before the discovery of oil, the traditional occupation of the not too numerous population of the UAE was cattle breeding, growing palms, catching fish and pearls. By exporting pearls, the emirate of Dubai has become a major shopping mall region. But with the advent of artificial pearls, local merchants had to refocus on gold and jewelry. The capacity of the oil industry is 9 million barrels per day. Gas reserves amount to 6.6 trillion. cube m, and the bulk of gas production is used to generate electricity. In addition, liquefied associated gas is produced, which is mainly exported to Japan. The oil refining industry is represented by two oil refineries in the emirate of Abu Dhabi - in Ruweis and Umm an Nara. Plants for the production of carbamide and ammonia (in Ruweis and Jebel Ali), as well as facilities for the production of sulfur, plants for the production of oils and lubricants also operate on oil and gas raw materials. The processing industry is represented by the Dubai aluminum smelter, a dry dock, 3 cable factories, cement factories, numerous textile and food industries, small factories for the production of steel, pipes and paints, building materials.

Agriculture UAE The UAE is a country with an arid climate and low rainfall. Agriculture provides only 3% of GDP and employs 7% of the working population (2000). Main branches Agriculture: agriculture and nomadic pastoralism. The main areas for the development of agriculture are the eastern part of Ras al-Khaimah and Abu Dhabi, the northeast of Sharjah, part of the coast of the Gulf of Oman. Dates and vegetables are mainly grown. Efforts are being made to achieve self-sufficiency in grain, but this is hampered by the lack of fresh water. Breeding poultry and large cattle. Nomads breed sheep, goats and camels. Basic food needs are met through imports. date palm fruits

Participation of the UAE in the international geographical division of labor Free economic zones: in order to attract foreign capital in 1985, a free economic zone (FEZ) was created in the Emirate of Dubai near the port of Jebel Ali, in which 2,300 companies operate, 1/4 of which are small and medium industrial companies. Main specialization: trading operations (74%), industry (22%), services (4%). The successful experiment at Jebel Ali prompted the UAE governments to create new free economic zones. Currently, there are nine SEZs in the UAE, more than in any other Arab country. According to available data, the percentage of industrial projects in the total number of projects implemented in the SEZ is: in Sharjah - 17.7%, Fujairah - 39.8%, Ajman - 41.3%, Umm al-Qaiwain - 100%. Trade: UAE exports are mainly oil and oil products (45%). The total volume of exports increased from $22.6 billion (1993) to $44.9 billion (2002). In addition to oil, important export items are liquefied gas, aluminum, fertilizers, cement, fresh and dried fish, dates, pearls. Main exporting countries: Japan (29.1%), South Korea(10.2%), India (5.4%), Oman (3.7%), Singapore (3.1%), Iran (2.2%) (as of 2001). The UAE imports machinery and equipment, vehicles, electronic equipment and household appliances, finished goods, food, chemicals, synthetic materials, hardware. The volume of imports in 1999 was 27.5 billion dollars, in 2002 - 30.8 billion dollars. Main trading partners: USA (6.7%), Germany (6.6%), Japan (6.5%) , France (6.3%), China (6.1%), UK (5.9%), South Korea (5.5%) (as of 2001). Trading firms in the UAE, especially in the emirate of Dubai, are widely involved in the re-export trade.

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The UAE occupies a territory in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, washed by the Persian Gulf. Together, the emirates occupy an area about the same size as Portugal. The emirate of Abu Dhabi accounts for 85% of the area of all emirates; and the area of the smallest of the emirates - Ajman - is only 250 km². A feature of the geography of the UAE is that most of the territory of the United Arab Emirates is occupied by the Rub al-Khali desert - the world's largest area covered with sand. The mountainous relief is characteristic of the northern and eastern regions of the country.

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Formally, the Supreme Council of the Union occupies the highest place in the hierarchy of the state structure of the UAE. The council consists of the heads of all seven emirates. The Council determines the general policy of the state, and the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Supreme Council for the implementation of this policy. In addition to defining the external and domestic policy The Supreme Council has the right to review the principle of the state structure of the country. For any decision to be made, a minimum of five members must be present at the congress, among which must be representatives from Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Council meetings are, as a rule, closed.

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The post of President of the United Arab Emirates is combined with the post of Emir of the capital emirate of Abu Dhabi. Power is inherited. The President of the UAE is the supreme commander armed forces, chairman of the Supreme Defense Council. The head of state signs decrees and resolutions, confirmed by the Supreme Council, regulations adopted by the Council of Ministers. In addition, the president appoints members of the diplomatic corps, senior civil and military officials, declares an amnesty or confirms death sentences.

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Executive power is represented by the Council of Ministers, headed by a chairman appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council. The powers of the government include: drafting bills and the federal budget; adoption of resolutions and instructions for the implementation of laws and other regulations; monitoring the execution of court decisions; ratification of international treaties and agreements; appointment and dismissal of federal officials who do not require special instructions from other higher state bodies. The Council of Ministers is currently headed by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum.

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Legislative power is represented by the federal National Council, which includes representatives from each emirate. Currently, the Council consists of 40 deputies (8 each from Abu Dhabi and Dubai, 6 each from Ras al-Khaimah and Sharjah, and 4 each from from Fujairah, Al Qaiwain and Ajman). The National Council is not a legislative body in the full sense of the word, since it does not have legislative initiative. Its powers include only discussing the laws proposed by the Council of Ministers and making amendments and additions at its discretion. The council also has the power to reject any bill. Thus the National Council, despite being described in the constitution as a legislative body, is more of a consultative body.

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The population of the United Arab Emirates is approximately 8.5 million people, of which ethnic Arabs make up only a third, and indigenous people - 11%. The rest are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and other South Asian countries and the Philippines who immigrated to the UAE as temporary workers. 85% of those living in the country are not citizens of the UAE. 88% of the population of the Emirates is concentrated in cities. The largest and fastest growing city is Dubai with a population of over 2.5 million. Other major cities are Abu Dhabi (the capital), Sharjah, Al Ain and Fujairah.

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Almost all citizens of the UAE are Muslims. According to the migration services of the Emirates, approximately 55% of immigrants are also Muslims, 25% are Hindus, 10% are Christians, and 5% are Buddhists. The other 5% are Sikh and Baha'i minorities. According to a study by the Ministry of Planning, out of a total of 4.5 million people living in the UAE, including foreigners, three-quarters are Muslims.

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The UAE is a Muslim country. Here it is not customary to be drunk on the street (for this you can go to jail) or provocatively dressed (especially for women). But in recent years, due to the large number of tourists, the boundaries of decency are shifting towards European traditions. Among the local population in recent years, education has become valued, thanks to which good world-class higher educational institutions have been created in the UAE, scientific and educational centers of the largest technically advanced companies in the world have opened .

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United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Presentation of a student of 10 "B" class Kapranova Olga

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"Business card"

Area - 83,600 sq. km. Population - 4,496,000 people. (2005) Capital - Abu Dhabi Official language - Arabic Form of government - Monarchy Emirates - Al Fujairah, Al Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Qiwain, Ras Al Khaimah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai

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State flag

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The emblem of the UAE depicts a yellow falcon - a symbol of autocracy in the country, most of which is desert. The tail unit symbolizes the seven emirates - seven feathers.

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Arabic text of the anthem ن حصنتك باسم الله يا وطن بلادي بلادي بلادي بلادي حماك الله شرور الزم نعمل نخلص نعمل نخلص مهما عشنا نخلص نخلص دام ا لأمان و عاش العلم يا إماراتنا رمز العروبة كلنا نفديك بالدما نرويك نفديك بالأرواح يا وطن

Translation into English language Live my country, the unity of our Emirates lives You have lived for a nation Whose religion is Islam and guide is the Qur "an I made you stronger in God"s name oh homeland My country, My country, My country, My country God has protected you from the evils of the time We have sworn to build and work Work sincerely, work sincerely As long as we live, we "ll be sincere sincere The safety has lasted and the flag has lived oh our Emirates symbol of Arabism We all sacrifice for you, we supply you with our blood We sacrifice for you with our souls oh homeland

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UAE currency

Dirham equals 100 fils. In circulation there are coins in denominations of 5, 10, 25 fils and banknotes of 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 dirhams

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UAE map

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EGP characteristic

Neighbors Seas and rivers Transport routes

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The UAE is a federation of seven independent states along the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula. In the north, the state borders on Qatar, in the west and south - on Saudi Arabia, in the east - on the Sultanate of Oman.

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Seas and rivers

In the north, the UAE has access to the Persian Gulf, from where through the Gulf of Oman you can get to the Arabian Sea, and then to the Indian Ocean. The country's water resources are extremely scarce, there are no permanent rivers in the UAE, only wadis - channels of temporary water flows that tend to appear and disappear

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Natural conditions of the UAE

The landscape of the UAE is not particularly diverse, only in the east of the country the peaks of the Al Hajjar mountains, which are about 200 million years old, rise majestically. The value of these mountains, consisting of individual massifs up to 1000-1500 m above sea level, lies in their supply of water resources in the form of volcanic lakes and groundwater. The climate of the UAE is dry subtropical. Winters in the UAE are warm and sunny, with average daily temperatures around 26°C, but during winter nights temperatures can drop to 12-15°C on the coast and even below 5°C in the desert and highlands.

In summer, the average daily temperature is around 45°C, and sometimes even higher. The water temperature in the Persian Gulf in summer exceeds 33 ° C, and in winter it drops to 16 ° C in the north and up to 22-24. Although the coastal regions of the country are more humid (50-60% humidity, up to 90% in summer and autumn) than the central ones, the annual rainfall is no more than 100 mm. In other words, rains in the UAE are rare (no more than 7-10 days a year, usually in winter). Droughts, which can last several years in a row, are normal for this region. In winter and spring, the United Arab Emirates is characterized by sandy winds that blow mainly from the north and northwest

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Transport routes

The main part of foreign transportation is carried out by sea. Own maritime transport is poorly developed - the total displacement is about 1 million tons. A significant amount of cargo is transported on foreign ships. The total cargo turnover is about 35 million tons. cargo and up to 80 million tons. oil per year. The most important ports are Jebel Ali and Rashid in the emirate of Dubai, Zayed in Abu Dhabi, Fujairah in the principality of the same name

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UAE resources

The UAE is known to be one of the oil-exporting countries: the proven oil reserves of the United Arab Emirates are about 10% of the world's - about 13.5 billion tons. Daily oil production exceeds 2.7 million barrels, of which about 2.2 million are exported. The main oil importers of the UAE are the countries of Southeast Asia, while Japan accounts for about 60% of the oil exported by the UAE. Most of the country's reserves are concentrated in the emirate of Abu Dhabi. The main oil fields are: in Abu Dhabi - Asab, Beb, Bu Khasa; in Dubai - Fallah, Fateh, Southwest Fateh; in Rashid Sharjah - Mubarak.

The oil refining capacity of the UAE is about 39.3 thousand tons per day. The main oil refineries in the country are Ruweiz and Um-al-Nar-2. The oil industry in the UAE is controlled by the government of the country. The state oil company Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) includes oil producing, service and transport companies. Exits of gold, lead, copper, and sulfur were discovered on the territory of the UAE. The reserves of asbestos, estimated at 800-1000 thousand tons, gypsum 500-600 million tons, are of industrial importance. There are also iron ore, uranium and other minerals in the UAE.

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Population characteristics

Type of reproduction, population HDI Level of urbanization and major cities

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Type of reproduction, number

The population is approximately 4.5 million people, of which ethnic Arabs make up only a third, and indigenous people - 11%. The rest are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries who immigrated to the UAE as temporary workers. 85% of the people living in the country are not its citizens. Arab immigrants are represented mainly by Palestinian refugees. The male part of the population is 2.54 million people (65%) of the total population. The UAE has the highest population growth in the Middle East and one of the highest in the world. 95% of the population of the Emirates are people under the age of 50 years. The largest age group is people aged 25-29. Despite high population growth, the UAE has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world ($19,000/year). The type of reproduction is the second.

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In terms of HDI (human development index), the UAE ranks 39th (2007-2008). The HDI takes into account average duration life, literacy of the population and its involvement in education, as well as GDP per capita (according to PPP - purchasing power parity)

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Level of urbanization and major cities

88% of the population of the Emirates is concentrated in cities. The largest and fastest growing city is Dubai with a population of over 1.5 million. Other major cities are Abu Dhabi (the capital), Al Ain, Fujairah and Sharjah

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Branches of specialization

Currently, the UAE is one of the richest countries in the world, in terms of its standard of living it is quite comparable with the countries of the Big Seven. Before the discovery of oil, the traditional occupation of the not too numerous population of the UAE was cattle breeding, growing palms, catching fish and pearls. Exporting pearls, the emirate of Dubai has become a major trading center in the region. But with the advent of artificial pearls, local merchants had to refocus on gold and jewelry. The capacity of the oil industry is 9 million barrels per day. Gas reserves amount to 6.6 trillion. cube m, and the bulk of gas production is used to generate electricity. In addition, liquefied associated gas is produced, which is mainly exported to Japan.

The oil refining industry is represented by two oil refineries in the emirate of Abu Dhabi - in Ruweis and Umm an Nara. Plants for the production of carbamide and ammonia (in Ruweis and Jebel Ali), as well as facilities for the production of sulfur, plants for the production of oils and lubricants also operate on oil and gas raw materials. The processing industry is represented by the Dubai aluminum smelter, a dry dock, 3 cable factories, cement factories, numerous textile and food industries, small factories for the production of steel, pipes and paints, building materials.

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Agriculture UAE

The UAE is a country with an arid climate and low rainfall. Agriculture provides only 3% of GDP and employs 7% of the working population (2000). The main branches of agriculture are agriculture and nomadic cattle breeding. The main areas for the development of agriculture are the eastern part of Ras al-Khaimah and Abu Dhabi, the northeast of Sharjah, part of the coast of the Gulf of Oman. Dates and vegetables are mainly grown. Efforts are being made to achieve self-sufficiency in grain, but this is hampered by the lack of fresh water. Poultry and cattle are bred. Nomads breed sheep, goats and camels. Basic food needs are met through imports.

date palm fruits

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Participation of the UAE in the international geographical division of labor

Free economic zones: in order to attract foreign capital in 1985 in the Emirate of Dubai in the area of the port of Jebel Ali, a free economic zone (FEZ) was created, in which 2300 companies operate, 1/4 of which are small and medium-sized industrial companies. Main specialization: trading operations (74%), industry (22%), services (4%). The successful experiment at Jebel Ali prompted the UAE governments to create new free economic zones. Currently, there are nine SEZs in the UAE, more than in any other Arab country. According to available data, the percentage of industrial projects in the total number of projects implemented in the SEZ is: in Sharjah - 17.7%, Fujairah - 39.8%, Ajman - 41.3%, Umm al-Qaiwain - 100%.

Trade: UAE exports are mainly oil and oil products (45%). The total volume of exports increased from $22.6 billion (1993) to $44.9 billion (2002). In addition to oil, important export items are liquefied gas, aluminum, fertilizers, cement, fresh and dried fish, dates, pearls. Main exporting countries: Japan (29.1%), South Korea (10.2%), India (5.4%), Oman (3.7%), Singapore (3.1%), Iran (2. 2%) (as of 2001). The UAE imports machinery and equipment, vehicles, electronic equipment and household appliances, finished products, foodstuffs, chemicals, synthetic materials, metal products. The volume of imports in 1999 was 27.5 billion dollars, in 2002 - 30.8 billion dollars. Main trading partners: USA (6.7%), Germany (6.6%), Japan (6.5%) , France (6.3%), China (6.1%), UK (5.9%), South Korea (5.5%) (as of 2001). Trading firms in the UAE, especially in the emirate of Dubai, are widely involved in the re-export trade.

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The UAE has been a member of the UN since 1971, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (AGCC).

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Tourist objects

The main asset of the UAE is the bright sun 360 days a year and the warm clear sea, bewitching desert landscapes with oases and Red Sand Zones, multi-meter dunes, rocky peaks of the Al Hajars massif, numerous key lakes of volcanic origin and a fantastic color palette of stones. Coral reefs Kor Fakana are famous for their flora and fauna underwater world, and the coast of the Persian Gulf is famous for its golden sands and exceptional water clarity.

In the city of Dubai, there are ancient Arab buildings of the Bastakiya district, Dubai historical Museum(Fort Al Fahidi), Jumeirah Mosque, Sheikh Said Palace, Historical Village Museum, Dubai Zoo - the best in the Middle East, Wonderland - one of the largest water parks in Asia. Once a year, Dubai hosts the world's largest shopping festival, which attracts over 2 million visitors.

Hatta - a mountain resort, territorially belonging to the Emirate of Dubai, located in the center of the Hajjar mountain range, is a picturesque place surrounded by palm trees and small farms. Now let's talk about Ajman. In it you can find: Ajman Museum, located in the fort, built in the late 18th century, and until the late 1970s was the residence of the emir. Its exposition includes: a collection of archaeological finds, ancient manuscripts, weapons, reconstructed traditional Arab rooms and a market.

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Attractions of Umm Al Quwain ("source of strength"): Falage Al Muala - a huge date garden surrounded by high dunes, the Dreamland water park, with an artificial volcano 18 meters high with imitation of fire, lighting effects, numerous water attractions. Fujairah, with its sandy beaches and mountain headlands, is one of the best places for scuba diving. The modern city of Fujairah with wide and spacious streets is decorated with numerous fountains, sculptural compositions with traditional Arabic motifs. Meredja, which is the "Museum Treasury of the UAE", the oldest district of the emirate of Sharjah - one of the largest mosques in the Middle East, King Faisal Mosque, accommodating up to 3,000 worshipers, numerous museums and exhibitions, the beaches of the Khalid lagoon.

A new but already popular entertainment in the UAE is sand skiing, desert car rallying. It is worth noting the Arab Tower Hotel in Dubai (Burj al-Arab) - the highest hotel in the world (321 meters high). Attractions of the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah: the ancient city of Yulphar (Julphar) - a flourishing pearl trading center in the past, the hot springs of Hatt, which have attracted visitors for several centuries, Digdaga - the largest old city of Ras Al Khaimah, the museum of the emirate (a huge military fort) with traditional household items, jewelry, archaeological finds, the oldest of which dates back to the first millennium BC. e.

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UAE Cuisine

In the vastness of the UAE, a real expanse for gourmets dominates. After all, here you can taste not only local national dishes, but also creations of kitchen art from almost all countries of the world. In the UAE, tourists are offered a wide selection of dishes from Eastern, European, as well as Mexican and Polynesian cuisines. Along with local cafes and hookah bars, chains are widespread in the UAE. fast food(McDonald's) and international restaurants (Planet Hollywood, Hard Rock Cafe). True, lovers of pork and alcoholic beverages, which Muslims are forbidden to consume by the Koran, will be a little disappointed. Therefore, outside the hotels to find alcohol-containing drinks (and pork, even more so!) It is almost impossible.

But before tourists opens all the spicy variety of local cuisine, especially famous for seafood and very sweet desserts. You should also definitely try minced lamb and Kibbe onion pies, baked eggplant, dalma, pitta (unleavened bread) with various fillings, lamb meat or fish with Makbus rice. And don't forget the traditional Arabic breakfast ful medames - beans in tomato sauce served with local yogurt and pitta.

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It is not customary to eat while standing or walking, and also not to look at the face of the person who is eating. Bread is usually broken by hand. Take food, money and things with your right hand. The soles of the feet should not point in any direction. During the handshake, you should not look into the eyes of the interlocutor, and you should not keep your other hand in your pocket or wave it in the air. It is considered impolite to refuse an offer of coffee. To refuse additional servings of coffee, you should shake an empty cup or say "shukran". You can not bypass the worshipers in front. Shoes should be removed when entering mosques and houses. The Koran prohibits the use of alcohol, but concessions are made for foreigners in the UAE. The only emirate with dry law is Sharjah. Being in a public place in a state of intoxication is strictly punished, which threatens with a large fine or arrest and deportation. In all emirates there are only a few shops where foreigners can buy alcohol. The removal of alcohol on the street can be considered by the police as selling it and severely punished. Alcoholic drinks can be purchased at the restaurant or bar at the hotel, but only for residents of this hotel, as well as visitors. Takeaway sales are not allowed. Drunk driving is considered a serious offense and is punishable by heavy fines up to and including imprisonment. It is also forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages on the beaches, including beer. It is illegal to transport alcohol from emirate to emirate.

The fine for trash thrown on the street is 500 dirhams, even if you just missed the bin. Excessive attention to a woman can lead to imprisonment or a fine of up to 60 thousand dirhams. Swearing in a public place or uttering threats against an interlocutor (even rhetorical ones!) Can result in a prison term of up to 7 years. The use of drugs is punishable by imprisonment for up to 5 years, and their importation and sale - the death penalty. Documents, and preferably their photocopies, should always be carried with you, because. Most of the police work without a uniform. However, the concept of "presumption of innocence" is not considered a fundamental element of local legislation. Frequent document checks in public places and provocative actions of agents in civilian clothes. You should not get into a car with law enforcement officers at their first request and without specific charges. Any gambling is prohibited in the country.

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