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Presentation on the natural conditions of the Arctic. Features of natural conditions

"Animals of the Desert" - 1 student. steppe lemmings Gobi forest tundra praying mantis desert coniferous. 1) - A treeless northern natural zone with a harsh climate? 5) Sand waves. Places in the desert where there is a source of water. - Guess the puzzle. 3) What is an ocean? Lake "Prival". Are you ready to start the lesson? Palms. It flickers in the grass, wags its tail.

"Icy Arctic" - Polar day. We and the environment. Northern lights. Polar bear. Check yourself. Arctic and people. Peculiarities natural conditions. Ice zone on the map of Russia. Reserve animals. Plants of the Arctic. Animals of the Arctic. Reserve "Wrangel Island". Polar night. White goose. Ice zone (Arctic).

"Desert Zone" - Nights are cool, sand and clay cool quickly. Desert zone. List natural areas from north to south: Camel's thorn grate. In the steppe, people are engaged in agriculture, extracting minerals. Juzgun cactus. Saiga. Climate. People. Fast lizard. Clayey. Sometimes it doesn't rain all summer long!

"Deserts" - 7. Rodents are found in the desert: A) camel; b) jerboa; c) midday gerbil. 1. They called the desert crocodile: The world- Grade 2. 3. Big ears help to escape from the heat: A) eared hedgehog; b) foot and mouth disease; c) corsac. Desert. A) corsac; b) slow; c) saiga. A) foot-and-mouth disease; b) sand boa; c) midday gerbil; d) lizard - round head.

"Desert biogeocenosis" - Lizards. Soleros. Inhabitants of biogeocenosis. Ammodendron (sand locust). Deserts. Juzgun. Jerboa. Sagebrush. Animal world. Vegetable world. Saxaul jay. Scorpions. Desert. snakes.

"Animals of the Arctic" - Walrus. Polar bear. In Greek, arctus means bear. Penguins. Polar bears are waiting near the holes for seals. What items will we need on the trip? Another inhabitant of the Arctic is the seal. And underwater. From mid-October to the end of February, a long polar night reigns. On a long winter night, bear cubs appear in bears!

There are 25 presentations in total in the topic

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Occupied territory

Arctic deserts are typical for many islands of the Arctic Ocean (Franz Josef Land, the northern island of Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, the northern ones from the New Siberian Islands and partially Wrangel Island). On the mainland, they are found only in the north of the Taimyr Peninsula. The climate in this area is very severe, typically arctic - cold, with long cold winters and short cold summers.

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Climatic conditions

The climate in the Arctic is very harsh. Ice and snow cover lasts almost the whole year.
In winter, there is a long polar night (at 75 ° N - 98 days; at 80 ° N - 127 days; in the region of the pole - half a year). This is a very harsh time of the year. The temperature drops to −40 °C and below, strong gale-force winds blow, snowstorms are frequent.
In summer there is round-the-clock lighting, but there is little heat, the soil does not have time to completely thaw. The air temperature is slightly above 0 °C. The sky is often overcast with gray clouds, it rains (often with snow), thick fogs form due to the strong evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. Already in August, the thermometer does not rise above 0 ° C.
Spring and autumn are very short. During these seasons, there is a change of day and night during the day.

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Soils

The soils are thin, underdeveloped, stony. The territory of the Arctic deserts has open vegetation, which covers less than half of the surface. It is devoid of trees and shrubs. Scale lichens are widespread here on rocks ah, mosses, various algae on rocky soils, just a few flowering ones.

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Vegetable world

arctic desert practically devoid of vegetation: no shrubs. Lichens and mosses do not form a continuous cover. Soils, shallow, with patchy (island) distribution mainly only under vegetation, which consists mainly of sedges, some grasses, lichens and mosses. Extremely slow recovery of vegetation.

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Distinctive features In the tundra zone - treelessness, the predominance of sparse moss-lichen cover, severe waterlogging, widespread permafrost and short vegetation period. The harsh climatic conditions of the Tundra zone cause the depletion of the organic world. The vegetation includes only 200-300 species of flowering plants, about 800 species of mosses and lichens.
Tundra plants.
1. Blueberry.
2. Lingonberry.
3. Black crowberry.
4. Cloudberry.
5. Loydia late.
6. Onion koroda.
7. Princess.
8. Cotton grass vaginal.
9. Sedge Sword
10. Dwarf birch.

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Animal world

The organic world of the Arctic is very poor. Of the plants, only mosses and lichens live here. The animal world is more diverse, but most of the animals live in the seas - the Kara and the Laptev Sea. These are fish - arctic cod, cod, vendace, nelma, smelt. Mammals - seals (sea hare, ringed seal), walrus, beluga dolphin. Birds fly to the coasts and islands in spring - geese, eider, waders, guillemots, guillemots. The polar bear dominates the islands of Severnaya Zemlya and the ice of the Kara and Laptev seas.

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Distinctive features

A feature of the icy desert zone is the uneven territorial distribution of animals. Their accumulations are observed in places of bird markets and pinniped rookeries - on the shores of the Barents and Chukchi Seas. Seals breed here, and walruses breed in Chukotka. Near Murmansk there are large colonies of the eider duck known for its down. The natural communities of the Far North are relatively simple, especially in winter. For this reason, and also due to the slow development of life due to low temperatures, the wildlife of this umbrella is very vulnerable, connections within communities are easily destroyed and very slowly restored. Therefore, the hunting of animals - the inhabitants of this zone - requires great care. Dangerous and any violation of their habitat.

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Problems

The Far North has long attracted people not only with its beauty and mystery, but also with an abundance of fish. Therefore, fishing is well developed here. But, having come to the Arctic, people almost did not care about the safety of fish resources. As a result, the number of commercial fish has declined sharply. The abundance of sea animals contributed to the development of hunting. With the advent of powerful icebreakers, small arms of high accuracy and range, the situation of the animals of the Far North has deteriorated sharply. Listed in the Red Book are such species as the polar bear, walrus, seals, bowhead whale, narwhal, As a result of the wide economic development of the Arctic, all its large spaces become unsuitable for the life of northern animals, their numbers are decreasing more and more noticeably.

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The main reasons are the pollution of the seas and coasts, the reduction in the amount of food, the growing factor of concern (ships, all-terrain vehicles, helicopters, villages). It is difficult for large animals to live next to humans. In order to reduce human-animal contacts, nature reserves and sanctuaries are being created. So, in 1976, a reserve was organized on Wrangel Island, where white geese, white swans, walruses, and polar bears are protected. Musk oxen were also brought here.

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"Arctic Desert" - Due to the permafrost, the soil is torn, and frost cracks are formed. Polygonal soils with stone polygons are formed. The largest ice sheet covers the Northern Island of Novaya Zemlya. Lichen. Seal. The vegetation here is poor, sparse and poorly developed. Sea hare. Sometimes there are fruticose lichens and mosses, but there are neither sphagnum mosses nor reindeer moss.

"Arktika" - Now hunting for rare animals of the Arctic is prohibited. Arctic. As a result of immoderate hunting, polar bears and walruses have become rare. Seagulls. What grows in the Arctic? Winter in the Arctic polar night. On the islands of the Arctic The zone of the ARCTIC DESERT, or the ICE ZONE, is located. In the seas of the Arctic, people are engaged in fishing.

"Arctic deserts" - Mammals - seals (sea hare, ringed seal), walrus, beluga dolphin. 8th grade student Maria Martynova. Arctic desert. But not warm. Sometimes there are amazingly beautiful auroras. Spring and autumn are very short. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is up to 400 mm. The spaces are covered with glaciers, rubble and stone fragments.

"Zones of the Arctic" - Polar night in the Arctic in winter. In the summer in the Arctic, there is a polar day, but there is no heat either. On the islands, lichens are found right on bare stones. All animals are excellent swimmers. Poppy, moss, algae. Significance of the Arctic for humans. Performance by botanists. What is the name of the country eternal ice and snow? Presentation by zoologists.

"Plants and animals of the Arctic deserts" - Nerpa. Chistik. Alpine foxtail. Polar poppy. Animals associated with the sea. Willow dwarf. Arctic deserts. Developed by a teacher of biology, geography, chemistry Isaeva Lyubov Mikhailovna. Arctic deserts. Svalbard. Gaga. Buttercup. Reindeer moss. bird market Guillemots. Saxifrage. Plants of the arctic deserts.

"Zone of the Arctic deserts" - Soils. It is located on the islands of the Arctic Ocean and in the extreme north of the Taimyr Peninsula. Geographical position. Scarce and rare. Vegetation. Animal world. Soil formation processes are in their infancy. Climatic conditions. The soils are coarsely skeletal of rock fragments and dust.

There are 16 presentations in total in the topic

Organizational and motivational

CHECK HOMEWORK

Mineral exploration is carried out by:

6. On the lake "Baskunchak" mined:

geographers
Geologists
Biologists
Tourists

Oil
table salt
Limestone

2. open way in quarries mined:

Oil
Natural gas
Clay
Granite

3. For oil production they build:

Mines
wells

4. In mines deep underground, they mine:

Limestone
fireplace charcoal
Clay

5. In the swamps you should look for:

Clay
Sand
Granite

ANSWERS:

Find the topic of the lesson:

HALFZONESVMYA

CPREARCTICMI

PAPESTERN

Natural area study plan:

Geographical position
natural conditions
Vegetable world
Animal world
Arctic exploration
Human use
reserves

Working on new material.

Search and discovery of knowledge by children

Group work:

1 group.

Natural conditions of the Arctic.

b). Weather.

Flora of the Arctic.

A). Plants of the Arctic.

Birds of the Arctic.

V). Bird markets.

Animal world of the Arctic.

V). What do they eat?

Group work:

1 group.

Natural conditions of the Arctic.

A). Where is the Arctic zone located?

b). Weather.

V). An unusual phenomenon in the Arctic.

Your information on pages 106-107 of the textbook.

Arctic desert zone

Franz Josef Land

O. Wrangel

Severnaya Zemlya

New Siberian Islands

Realm of ice and snow

The Arctic is big

space of the Northern

the Arctic Ocean along with

seas and islands. On

Arctic islands

zone is located

Arctic deserts, or

ice zone.

Islands:

Franz Josef Land,
northern land,
Novosibirsk Islands,
Wrangel Island.

Climatic conditions

The sun directs to this space

oblique rays. It shines, but does not heat.

Winter in the Arctic polar night .

The darkness is illuminated by the moon, stars and Northern

shine .

Several months of sunshine

does not appear at all - darkness!

The winds are blowing, the blizzard is raging. Temperature

drops to -60 degrees.

Polar day in the Arctic in summer. Some

months round the clock light. But heat

also no. It depends on the geographic

positions of the Arctic zone. Temperature

only a few degrees above zero.

Northern lights

Arctic desert zone

Northern lights

Arctic desert zone

What a miracle-miracles:

The skies are on fire!

Oh, the flame burns

Over sparkling ice!

Who lit the wonderful fire,

Heavenly golden bonfire?

There is no one behind the cloud.

It's light pouring from the sky.

NORTHERN LIGHTS

Flora of the Arctic.

A). Plants of the Arctic.

b). Features of the plant world.

V). Are there many or few plants? Why?

Your information on page 108 of the textbook.

Arctic desert plants

On the islands right

on bare rocks

meet

lichens, they

very small. Also

adapted to

life on the rocks

mosses and polar

poppies. In the thick

water not covered

ice, large

quantity

planktonic

algae.

seaweed

lichen

moss on the rocks

polar poppy

Birds of the Arctic.

A). What birds live in the Arctic?

b). What is bird food?

V). Bird markets.

Your information on page 110 of the textbook.

On the rocky shores - bird colonies,

many seabirds nest here:

hatchets, guillemots, puffins, gulls, eiders.

Animal world of the Arctic.

A). What animals live in the Arctic zone?

b). How do they adapt to life in this zone?

V). What do they eat?

Your information on page 109 of the textbook

Animals

Arctic

Animals

Arctic

Animals

Arctic and people. Ecological problems Arctic.

A). The population of the Arctic, their occupation

b). Ecological problems of the Arctic.

V). How is the nature of the Arctic protected?

Your information on page 112 of the textbook

Arctic and people

Man is not a native of the Arctic, but it always attracts

attracted people with its mysteriousness. On the islands and in the ice of the North

scientific stations operate in the Arctic Ocean. Northern

sea route. People watch the weather, study the nature of the North,

engaged in fishing and hunting. But they don't always do it wisely.

Currently, the nature of the Arctic has suffered enormous damage. Become

rare animals such as the polar bear, walrus, they are included in

Red Book of Russia. Some types of commercial species have become rare

fish. The waters of the northern seas are polluted with garbage, harmful substances

from passing ships. This reflects badly on the lives of the inhabitants.

this zone, because they already live in harsh conditions. People thought

over their behavior, they took under the protection of rare animals, fish

fishing was limited, reserves were created.

Organized

in 1976

Reserve "Wrangel Island »

The reserve was established in 1976.

Across the island from west to east go

parallel three chains of mountains, separated

valleys. A big one arrives on the island

the number of birds per nest. Spring on

south coast you can find a rare

bird - pink seagull . She brings out here

their offspring. The island is the only

a place in our country where rare

birds - white geese . In this reserve

the largest in the world concentrations of walruses .

Bears come here from different

corners of the Arctic to breed.

The largest ungulate lives on the island

animal of the arctic muskox brought into

reserve from America. In the distant past

he lived on the territory of our country, but

then disappeared.

Animals of the reserve

white geese

pink seagulls

Bear

Cluster of walruses

musk ox

Work on

couples

COMPLETE THE STORY ABOUT THE ANIMAL WORLD OF THE ARCTIC

Animals of the Arctic zone are fed by .... They feed on seaweed ..., and they - .... The main food and animals are ... On the rocky shores gather ... , ... and ... , here they breed ... . Birds with unusual beaks are called .... . All animals are beautiful... Protects them from the cold.... This is … and …. . Seals are hunted... They have long, thick hair... colors and... paws to make it more comfortable...

offspring

layer of fat

move on ice and snow

Solve the crossword

1. These birds, gathering on rocky

shores, form "bird colonies".

These birds can be seen near the river

and in our area.

2. A close relative of the seal.

3.Birds that lay

eggs on bare stones.

4. This animal can be prey

white bear.

5. Plants of the polar zone.

6. The largest inhabitant of the seas

and oceans.

7. Food of the fish of the northern seas.

Homework

Textbook pp. 106-112, answer questions pp. 113. Prepare a presentation about the animal or plant you want to talk about in the next lesson.