home » materials » Design work for the Olympiad on mechanical technology. History of success

Design work for the Olympiad on mechanical technology. History of success

Introduction

Chapter 1 Method Implementation Ways creative projects in general education high school

1 Project method

2 Ways to implement the project method

Chapter 2

1 Experience in holding Olympiads on the basis of VSPU

2 Proposal for preparing for the defense of creative projects

Chapter 3. Development of proposals for the implementation of creative projects for students of the 7th grade

1 Choosing a Creative Project Theme

2 Design

3 Manufacturing

4 Preparation for the defense of the creative project "Modernization of the carpentry workbench"

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Integration, modern education, represents a new stage in the creative development of the child, which includes modern approaches, requirements, skills, combined into a single whole. The best reflection of the creative abilities of children is the holding of olympiads and the development of creative projects. Development of creative projects that allow the child to open up and express himself.

The topic of our WRC is: "Preparation of creative projects for participation in the Olympiads."

· To study the features of the implementation of the method of creative projects in a comprehensive secondary school

· To explore the features of the preparation of creative projects for the protection of their Olympiad in technology

· Develop proposals for the implementation of creative projects for students of the 7th grade

Chapter 1. Ways to implement the method of creative projects in a comprehensive secondary school

.1 Project method

The project method is a didactic tool that contributes to the formation of goal-setting skills and allows students to find the best ways to achieve the formulated goals with appropriate guidance from the teacher.

It applies to both collective and individual work students.

With the didactically correct use of the method, the developing and educating components of the educational process are fully realized. The formation of a sustainable interest among students in this form of teaching is an obligatory pedagogical task solved by the teacher. The skills of student self-government, formed and improved in collective forms of activity, create the prerequisites for the maximum use of the mental abilities of each student, allow him to show his unique individuality at certain stages of activity. At the same time, students self-determine the circle possible problems for individual and collective problem solving. It is advisable to introduce students to both inductive and deductive methods of problem solving. Solving problems by ascending from the abstract to the concrete can be recommended as more preferable. Establishing various analogies is also effective tool the search for fundamentally new solutions is determined by the requirements.

The main task is to increase the technological literacy of students in every possible way. Design technologies (including their own activities) underlie the project method, so students should first of all be familiar with the basic design strategies.

It is important to form in them a steady interest in technological creativity, which contributes to understanding the structure and composition technological process in a generalized form and ensures the transfer of acquired knowledge to a wide variety of situations.

The level of independence (inventive activity) of students can be taken into account similarly to the coefficient labor participation.

The ideal pedagogical option can be considered the activity of students according to the project method, when it is consistent with the individual motives and needs of the student, which is difficult to implement in a real pedagogical process. But such an opportunity should be provided to students at least occasionally, for example, using the project method to create the educational equipment, fixtures necessary for the student, etc.

The didactic system of education provides for the widespread use of heuristic and research methods in the learning process, which must satisfy the creative needs of students. The research method of teaching, the brigade-laboratory method, the method of experiments, which were widely used in pedagogical practice, along with some negative influence on the personality of students - a decrease in the general educational level, a decrease in the quality of knowledge of basic sciences - had a clearly expressed developmental orientation. Negative pedagogical consequences arose, as a rule, as a result of a violation of the didactic patterns of building the learning process. This is also true for the project method, which reveals its pedagogical effectiveness only when it is didactically applied correctly. The teacher develops clear and understandable both for himself and for students the goals and objectives of teaching (learning) at each specific stage of the educational process. Control and self-control ensure the effectiveness of mastering necessary knowledge determined by requirements.

Educational, upbringing and developmental functions of training in the complex can be implemented against the background of high emotional activity of students. In this sense, it is advisable by all means to draw attention to the human factors of transformative activity, to its motivation, vital necessity, satisfaction of needs, aesthetic and ergonomic components, to the creative, rather than destructive aspects of relationships.

The emotional coloring of the learning process contributes to the creation of workable creative teams of students united by a common goal, motivated to achieve this goal within a given time frame. A sense of responsibility to the teacher and classmates is formed, the ability to self-evaluate one's own achievements and to develop individual learning technologies. Schoolchildren act on the basis of positive attitudes, they are able to experience and empathize with successes and failures.

Through the project method, it is possible to establish strong links between the theoretical knowledge of students and their practical transformative activities. The humanistic orientation of students' activities on the basis of taking into account human factors of creation creates the prerequisites for the formation of such personality traits in schoolchildren as determination and will in the process of introducing their own developments into practice.

When using the project method, a clearly expressed contradiction arises between the need to improve the general educational level of students and their personal needs and interests. It is permissible to allow students to choose tasks that simulate life situations of interest to them, but with the obligatory condition of coordinating the goals of project activities with the structure educational program.

The project method is a system of learning in which learning is realized through planning (designing) and doing. Pedagogical technology "Method of projects" is an open and developing system that can be improved on the basis of taking into account advanced pedagogical experience determined by requirements.

The structure of the mental activity of students in solving problems by the method of projects is similar to the mental activity of a professional designer with the addition of the stage of implementing the project in practice by doing. It should be noted that the main task of the teacher is to organize learning activities schoolchildren in a form simulating the fundamental stages of design technology. Both material objects and production situations and from the service sector can be designed.

It is appropriate to note that the modeling activity of the teacher is the leading one and is aimed at recreating (modeling) the structure and content of the technology being studied (mastered) by students in the educational process.

At the first stage, all upcoming actions are designed by students in a theoretical form with the obligatory identification of possible problems and contradictions and with the development of options for overcoming them. At the second stage, all ideas are tested (implemented) in practical activities. All practical actions are carried out on the basis of the developed activity strategy. As the project is implemented, the theoretical constructions of students can be refined and specified, and adjustments can be made to them. The general structure of activity remains unchanged, recreating (simulating) the main patterns of design technology determined by the requirements.

The teacher can include sections of the basics of design in the content of any educational courses that he teaches. The content of project assignments should be consistent with the topics of the sections of the course being studied. In accordance with the specifics of the course taught, the teacher can offer students special project tasks related to the subject of the OO "Technology" and other types labor activity.

With all options for constructing the educational process, it is recommended that students pay attention to the following concepts:

basic information about the design;

design methods;

personal (human) design factors;

design technology;

artistic design;

· technology of evaluation of proposed projects.

An important problem for the teacher is to show students the creative content of the professions they are interested in, since students must be aware of the need for social creativity in all areas of work is determined by the requirements.

.2 Ways to implement the method of projects

Variants of creative projects for participation in the Olympiads, taking into account the age capabilities of students in grades 5-8, are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Options for creative projects

DirectionTheme of the creative projectAgeMugs"Making a box with elements geometric carving» Grade 6-7 "Making a plate with contour thread" Grade 6-7 "Flat-relief carving" Grade 6-7 "Glider making" Grade 5-6 "Paper parachute making" Grade 5 "Making a model of the SU-27 aircraft" Grade 5-6 "Making a basket from a vine" Grade 5-6 "Making a casket from a vine" no stands from a vine "Grade 6" Making a plate from a vine" Grade 5 Improving the material base of the school Improving the material base of the school "lawn mower" " lathe» Grade 7-8 "Drilling machine" Grade 7-8 "Cutting machine" Grade 7-8 "Bar engraving machine" Grade 7 "Drill and hand drill" Grade 7-8 "Drill" Grade 7-8 "Cutting machine" Grade 7-8 "Homemade grinding machine <#"justify">7-8 grade Chapter 2

.1 Experience in holding Olympiads on the basis of VSPU

The Technology Olympiad is aimed at increasing the prestige and quality of technological training of students, developing their creative abilities, involving original and practically valuable projects in the implementation, as well as identifying and encouraging the most capable students and creative technology teachers.

The role of applied knowledge has increased all over the world, which is reflected in the emergence of curricula many countries of the subject "Technology", the main direction of which is project activity. Technology reflects the totality of the concentrated foundations of all areas of knowledge accumulated by mankind in obtaining, transforming and using materials and information. It is precisely the subject that helps schoolchildren to combine disparate knowledge in individual branches of science, shows where and how this knowledge can be used.

With the right approach, the method of projects can become a method that can link together the solution of many problems, which allows you to qualitatively verify the content of topics and sections of the program, the level of assimilation of educational material by schoolchildren, activates creative development personality and forms the qualities necessary for successful social adaptation.

The project method is a comprehensive teaching method, a method of developmental teaching, which allows you to individualize the educational process, enables the student to show independence in planning, organizing and controlling their activities.

A student project is a creative, completed work, corresponding to the child's age capabilities, performed independently, but under the guidance of a teacher, and resulting in a socially significant product or service.

With all the problems in organizing the teaching of "Technology" in schools in our region, since 2005, Olympiads have been held in this subject. The first stage is school, the second is district, the third is regional. The winners of the regional stage participate in the final All-Russian stage of the Technology Olympiad. At the first and second stages, almost all districts perform, and at the third stage, many districts do not send their representatives of the winners because they cannot or do not want to find the funds necessary for the children to live in Voronezh. Thus, they do not give children the opportunity to prove themselves in this area, and in the future, perhaps, the opportunity to enter a pedagogical university without exams.

The venue for the third stage of the Technology Olympiad is the workshops and classrooms of the Voronezh State Pedagogical University. The projects of students in grades 8-11 are submitted to the Olympiad in the basic sections of the mandatory minimum content in technology (technologies for processing structural and ornamental materials; culture at home; technologies for processing fabrics and food products; artistic processing of materials; electrical and Electronics; agricultural production technologies).

Creative projects cover one or more technology content sections and include educational material how of general sections (information Technology; drawing and graphics; basics of entrepreneurship; fundamentals of design, professional self-determination), and from the various foundations of the sciences studied at school, which helps students understand the meaning of knowledge in practical activities.

The Olympiads are held in two directions: technical labor (boys) and service labor (girls) in three stages: testing of theoretical knowledge (testing), testing practical skills(fulfillment of a practical task according to instructional and technological maps) and defense of the project. Moreover, the project evaluates: its practical part, explanatory note and public defense of the project using electronic presentation.

The experience of participating in regional and regional Olympiads indicates that in the process of preparing students for the defense of a creative project, often insufficient attention is paid to the content of the presentation and the quality of its design. As a result, the evaluation of the project defense is reduced due to the impossibility of understanding the motives for choosing a topic, the fuzzy presentation of the content of the work stages.

A teacher helping a student to complete a creative project should tell him how to prepare quality presentation and conduct a pre-defense by teaching the author of the project to correctly use the material placed on the slides, skillfully supplementing his report with it, for which no more than seven minutes are allotted during the defense. While creating multimedia presentation it is necessary to achieve maximum information saturation of the product while ensuring the simplicity and transparency of the presented material.

each phrase must be critically considered: will the listeners understand it? Cumbersome and slurred phrases should be ruthlessly removed from the presentation. Any phrase should be informative and necessary for commenting on a particular slide;

congestion and small print are difficult to perceive, underloading leaves the impression that the speech is superficial and poorly prepared;

list items - short phrases; maximum - two lines per phrase, optimally - one line. Reading a long phrase diverts attention from the report. A short phrase is easier to remember visually;

Already the first representatives of the Voronezh region at the VI All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in technology showed good results and were awarded certificates and gifts. This is Fartygina Elina, currently a 1st year master student in the direction of "Technological education", Kitaev Evgeny - graduated from the Voronezh State Pedagogical University in 2009, having received a diploma of a specialist, Zavrazhnov Dmitry. Every year the winners of the regional Olympiad take part in the All-Russian Olympiad in Technology and always win prizes or receive awards in various categories.

But along with the achievements of the Olympiad, the problems of technological education in general and the level of training in certain areas and sections of technology in particular are revealed. Thus, the results of practical tours showed a rather low level of students' skills in modern sewing machines; insufficiently good use of instructional and technological maps; not always informative presentation. The jury has many complaints about the negligent attitude of both students and teachers to compliance with safety regulations during the practical tour in the VSPU training workshops and at the stages of creative projects (this is revealed during the audit explanatory notes). I would like to see more social projects, in electrical engineering and electronics, in local history; complex multifunctional projects using little-known or new technologies.

The implementation of projects contributes not only to the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities, but also plays an important role in the development of students' creative abilities, in identifying their interests and inclinations, which in turn forms a professional orientation and desire to engage in research work. Students who entered our university based on the results of Olympiads, as a rule, are characterized only on the positive side: they study well, are active, many of them continue their studies in the magistracy. Ownership project activities allows students to deeply appreciate the significance of "Technology" in human life and society is determined by the requirements.

2.2 Proposal for preparing for the defense of creative projects

The experience of participating in the holding of regional Olympiads in technology testifies that in the process of preparing schoolchildren for the defense of a creative project, often insufficient attention is paid to the content of the presentation and the quality of its design. As a result, the assessment of the project defense is reduced due to the impossibility of understanding the motives for choosing a topic, the fuzzy presentation of the content of the work stages. The most common mistakes that people make when designing a presentation are:

overload of slides with textual information - duplication of sections of the explanatory note;

abuse of additional effects (creeping lines, scattering of letters, pulsing of selected parts of the text)

showing too complex drawings;

poor quality of photographs and careless design of graphic materials;

re-inclusion of the same or similar content slides;

the presence of slides that are not related to the project.

A technology teacher who helps a student to carry out a creative project should tell him how to prepare a high-quality presentation and conduct a pre-defense, teaching the author of the project to correctly use the material posted on the slides, skillfully supplementing his report with it, which, when defending, is given no more than 7 minutes. When creating a multimedia presentation, it is necessary to achieve the maximum information richness of the product while ensuring the simplicity and transparency of the presented material.

each phrase must be critically considered: will the listeners understand it? Cumbersome and indistinct phrases follows ruthlessly

remove from the presentation. Any phrase should be informative and useful for commenting on a particular slide.

congestion and small print are difficult to perceive, underloading leaves the impression that the speech is superficial and poorly prepared.

list items - short phrases; maximum - two lines of a phrase, optimally - one line. Reading a long phrase diverts attention from the report. A short phrase is easier to remember visually.

each phrase should logically lead to the following phrases - in the end, the whole performance should be subordinated main goal. The report cannot repeat the same thought, even in other words - time is precious.

The following requirements can be attributed to the presentations of the type we are considering:

the optimal number of lines per slide is from 6 to 11.

the entire presentation is performed in one color palette, usually based on one template.

it is necessary to maintain a single style of representation of the formation.

should be placed on the slide detailed information, and verbal commentary should be aimed at identifying technical contradictions, substantiating design decisions and choosing technological methods.

animation effects should not be reused. This is a rather primitive approach. Jury members may feel uncomfortable about being interested in this, additional effects should not be turned into an end in itself, should be kept to a minimum and used only to draw attention to the key points of the defense.

sound and visual effects should in no case come to the fore and obscure useful information: stages of product development and manufacturing.

Taking into account the recommendations developed above when developing a presentation will allow the author of the project to claim a high assessment of the report on defense, and this is not unimportant, since the winners and prize-winners of the Olympiads are given the right to enter the university on preferential terms.

The materials intended for teachers of history and technology who implement the project method of teaching, and used in the VSPU when creating the laboratory and practical work "Presentation for the defense of a creative project", performed by students of the specialty "Technology and Entrepreneurship" in the study of the discipline "Technical creativity" is determined by the requirements.

Chapter 3. Development of proposals for the implementation of creative projects for students of the 7th grade

.1 Choosing a Creative Project Theme

The pedagogical practice that took place in February-March 2012 prompted me to choose a topic for a creative project. Arriving with my fellow trainees at the IOC No. 2 in Voronezh. After the first few classes held together with the teacher, we faced the problem of equipping the training workshops, since the workbenches that were installed there had long ago exhausted their resources, and it was simply impossible to work on them with the children due to their unsatisfactory condition. It was not only impossible to perform any work (product) on them, but it was not safe to work on them.

It was decided to modernize the workbenches by making new metalwork vise.

When performing repair work, and attracting students to it, I thought about a creative project that, with proper preparation, could well participate in the Olympiad.

.2 Design

After the decision was made to modernize the workbenches, in particular, the manufacture of new metalwork vise. To select a bench vise, certain requirements were presented to them:

· Increase downforce;

At present, there are quite a lot of such mechanisms that meet our requirements, but all of them are quite expensive, and Money find in the middle of the school year, just not possible. Yes, and with the current attitude towards the subject of technology, compared with other subjects such as computer science, which is considered a higher priority. Therefore, it was decided to make a metalwork vice on our own, from improvised means that we had in a metalworking workshop.

We had school workbenches installed similar to the workbench shown in Figure 1. (Figure 1)

Fig.1 Carpentry workbench

A big minus of such workbenches is that they are made of wooden vise, on one guide, the guides deform over time, and the vice itself cracks, deforms. They begin to jam, warp, cannot provide a good clamping of the workpiece, this makes it unsafe for children to work at such workbenches, which is so important in technology lessons. The vise device is better seen in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 Locksmith workbench device

Screw; 2 - working board; 3 - pressure box; 4 - through sockets; 5 - folding emphasis; 6 - stop for trimming; 7 - emphasis for thin parts; 3 - rear vice; 9 - front vice; 10 - lining board; 11 - workbench; 12 - workbench with end eccentric; 13 - base; 14 - tray

The design of the workbenches installed in MOK No. 2 is slightly different from the shown design of the workbench in Figure 1. In MOK No. 2, the base of the workbenches is made of a metal profile. This allowed us to design the vise structure using steel parts to provide superior strength, reliability and durability.

We saw no point in repairing these vices or making the same new ones, since we understood that this would not last long, after a while, jamming, warping, and unreliable clamping of the workpiece would occur due to deformation of the guides.

Therefore, a vise with two metal guides and a screw between them was taken as a sample (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

Fig 3 Vise M - 132

Fig. 4 Vise D - 178

It was decided to make the guides from a half-inch pipe and a rod of the appropriate size, the screws were taken from old vices installed on workbenches. The screw and guide rods were fixed on the movable part of the vise by welding them to the corner, which is the base for the movable part of the vise, a wooden pad was already attached to it with the help of screws, which ensures safe and reliable clamping of the workpiece and prevents deformation of the workpiece during fixation in the vise. Two pipes and a screw nut were welded to the metal base of the workbench.

3.3 Manufacturing

creative project olympiad workbench

Work on the modernization of the carpentry workbench is carried out in the following sequence:

production of a movable sponge;

cutting the edges of the nut flange;

rod manufacturing;

production of a corner for a movable sponge;

welding parts of the movable sponge (angle, guide rods, screw plate);

production of guide bushings;

welding of parts of a fixed sponge (guide bushings, nut);

filing connections

Rice. 5 Cutting off the blank for the movable jaw

For the movable sponge, a pine beam with a section of 100x50 mm was used.

It is advisable to instruct the student to perform the operation of cutting off the workpiece with a hacksaw for transverse sawing.

Fig. 6 Marking holes in the movable jaw for the screw and rods

The student marks the holes.

Marking is carried out using a tool ruler and a pencil in accordance with the drawing.

Fig.7 Drilling holes in the movable jaw for the screw and rods

Drilling with spade drills is performed by a student on a 2M112 drilling machine.

Rice. 8 Cutting the edges of the nut flange

The cutting operation was performed by the teacher using an electric angle cutter (grinder).

Rice. 9 Manufacture of guide bushings

For the guide bushings, a half-inch pipe from an old plumbing was used.

Rice. 10. making rods

For the rods, a rod with a diameter of 15 mm was used.

This operation is performed by a schoolboy with a hacksaw.

Rice. 11 Welding parts of the movable jaw (angle, guide rods, screw plate)

this work performed by the teacher. The picture shows the operation of "tacking" the rod to the corner of the movable jaw assembly to ensure the alignment of the axes of the guide bushings and rods. The final welding is carried out after dismantling the movable jaw (removal from the workbench).

Fig. 12 Welding parts of the fixed jaw

The guide bushings and the nut are welded to the frame of the workbench.

Welding is done by the teacher.

Rice. 13 Welding parts of the fixed jaw (guide bushings).

This work is done by the teacher.

Fig. 14 Cleaning connections with a file

This work is done by the student after completion welding work.

Fig. 15 Finished vise after all operations have been completed

3.4 Preparation for the defense of the creative project "Modernization of the carpentry workbench"

The structure of the explanatory note:

· Title page

·Main part

· Economic component

·Conclusion

It is advisable to record (photograph) all operations (stages) sequentially during the modernization in order to place them in the design selection and manufacturing sections.

It is important to prepare for the defense and develop a presentation.

Based on this, that it was possible to modernize the workbenches by consistently completing all the operations for the manufacture of parts, assembly and adjustment, it is necessary to show the main stages in the presentation.

It is advisable to build a presentation as follows:

Slide №1 Title page of the project (name of the project, author, title educational institution).

Slide №2 The name of the device being developed.

Slide #3 Requirements for an upgraded workbench.

Slide number 4 Variants of different clamping devices (photo).

Slide #5 Prototype. Criticism, positive and negative sides mechanism.

Slide №6 Drawing of the proposed mechanism.

Slide No. 7 Marking holes for moving and non-moving parts of the device (photo, description)

Slide number 8 Drilling holes (photo, description).

Slide №9 Manufacture of guide bushings and rods (photo, description).

Slide No. 10-11 welding of the movable and non-movable vise jaws (photo, description).

Slide #13 Ready product(photo, description).

Conclusion

The implementation of the project method in the process of teaching the NGO "Technology" allows the formation of the following qualities in schoolchildren:

sustained interest in technological creativity;

creative abilities of the student;

creativity

It is fruitful to choose topics for creative projects related to the improvement of material technical equipment school workshops and equipment upgrades.

As an example of the implementation of creative projects, a set of works was chosen to modernize the carpentry workbench, which allows to achieve a significant improvement in the following characteristics:

· Ensure smooth running of the clamping mechanism;

· Increase downforce;

· Ensure safety requirements;

In the course of pedagogical practice in the MOK No. 2, the joinery workbenches were modernized, the result of which was the hanging of the reliability of fixing the workpiece, ensuring the absence of deformation of the workpiece.

The scope of work performed during the modernization of four workbenches indicates that most of the operations can be entrusted to students in grades 6-7, and the modernization complete set carpentry workbenches can be produced within one quarter.

Bibliography

1. Beshenkov A.K. technology. Teaching methods for grades 5-9: Toolkit. [text] / A.K. Beshenkov, A. V. Bychkov, V. M. Kazakevich, S. E. Markutskaya. - M.: Bustard, 2003. - 224 p.

Izvestiya VSPU 80 years. Collection scientific papers. Technology Olympiads [Text] / N. F. Babina, V. S. Batrachenko.: Voronezh State Pedagogical University, editorial and publishing processing 2011.

Information technology in educational process pedagogical university and school. Recommendations for preparing a presentation for the defense of a creative project. [Text] / V. S. Batrachenko, A. I. Tatarintsev.: Voronezh State Pedagogical University 2011.

4. Creative projects of high school students on wood processing technology: A teaching aid for a teacher. [Text] / Bryansk: Publishing House of the Bryansk State Pedagogical University. - 1998. - 232p.

Technology. Lesson plans for the textbook, edited. [Text] / V. D. Simonenko. Grade 8 / aut.-stat. O. V. PAVLOV - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. - 281 p.

.Matyash N.V. Preparing a technology teacher for teaching project activities to schoolchildren. [Text] / N.V. Matyash, N.V. Semenov. - Bryansk: Publishing House of the Bryansk State Pedagogical University named after academician Petrovsky I.G., 2000 - 120 p.

Beshenkov A.K. Technology. Technology teaching methodology. Grades 5 - 9: Methodological guide. [Text] / A.K. Beshenkov, A.V. Bychkov, V.M. Kazakevich, S.E. Markutskaya. - M.: Bustard, 2003. - 224 p.

Technology. 8th grade

Methods of teaching technology Grade 8. [Text] / A.K. Beshenkov, A.V. Bychkov, V.M. Kazakevich, S.E. Markutskaya. - M.: Bustard, 2003. - 224 p.: ill.

Simonenko V.D. Creative projects of students in grades 5 - 9 of secondary schools: A book for teachers. [Text] / V.D. Simonenko. - Bryansk: Scientific and Methodological Center Technology, 1996. - 238 p.

Simonenko, V.D. Technology grade 8 (boys). Lesson plans for the textbook Technology. 8th grade . [Text] / V.D. Simonenko, N.B. Golondarev. - Volgograd: Teacher - AST, 2003. - part 2. - 112 p.

Creative projects of high school students on wood processing technology: A teaching aid for a teacher. [Text] / Bryansk: Publishing House of the Bryansk State Pedagogical University. - 1998. - 232 p.

Collection of normative - teaching materials by technology. [Text] / A. V. Marchenko, M. I. Gurevich. - M.: Ventana - Graff, 2002. - 224 p.

Technology. Lesson plans for the textbook, edited. [Text] / V. D. Simonenko. Grade 8 / aut.-stat. O.V. Pavlova. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. - 281 p.

Tutoring

Need help learning a topic?

Our experts will advise or provide tutoring services on topics of interest to you.
Submit an application indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.

Justification of the problem I really like to make gifts with my own hands, and if it works out well, give them to my relatives. When I come to the store, I see a lot of things on the shelves, but I can’t buy. A thing that I liked, or expensive, or something about it does not suit me. This is where I start to think about how to make something original and beautiful using arts and crafts techniques.

Historical information about the material for a leather handbag Leather is an environmentally friendly product. Leatherworking is one of the oldest crafts in the world. Almost everything was made from it: they sewed clothes, shoes, wallets, handbags, hats, belts, and even made horse harness.

TOOLS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR WORK TOOLS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR WORK Ruler, square and pencil Well-sharpened scissors PVA glue or “Moment” Leather Sewing machine for making lining Lining fabric Cardboard for the base Fastener Cord (which holds the bag on the shoulder)

SAFETY RULES The knife can only be used in the direction away from you. It is more convenient to cut the skin with a knife using a metal ruler, but measurements are best done with a wooden one. Rings must be wrapped with a cloth or strip of leather. All cutting tools must be well sharpened. Remove hair under a scarf.

Economic evaluation of the project Economic evaluation of the project The approximate price of handbags made of genuine leather in the store is 3000 rubles. When making a handbag, I will spend: Moment glue - 37 rubles. threads - 12 rubles. fabric "Twill"50 cm - 40 rubles. braid 1.2 meters - 30 rubles Total: 119 rubles. Having made this project I saved about 2750 rubles.

What's new I learned while making the project When making a handbag, I learned that after gluing the skin is tapped with a hammer, then it fits snugly. And on a sewing machine, it is better to sew leather through paper, then the machine foot easily advances the material, or coat the skin with machine oil.

Ways to implement crafts from old leather Nowadays, genuine leather products are used in great demand, despite high price; and old boots, jackets, bags are thrown into the trash. It would be possible to open a collection point for things made of genuine leather, dye them and make fashionable little things and various stylish things, and thereby organize your own business.

Literature used Literature used "Leather products: panels, souvenirs, jewelry" - author T.A. Selivanova "Leather plastic" - authors N.V Shakhova, N.A. Dmitrieva "Leather Products" - author S.N. Filippova "Volumetric paintings from leather" - authors T.O. Skrebtsova, L.A. Danilchenko Fashion magazines on the topic "Bag with your own hands" T.N. Mankova "Stylish do-it-yourself leather jewelry" "Leather" E, Chekrizova

To enter a university, it is not necessary to pass the exam with a high score. There is an alternative way - to become the winner of the All-Russian stage of the school Olympiad. In words, everything is very simple and clear, but in reality the Olympiad is hard work that requires thorough and lengthy preparation, extensive knowledge and perseverance. We talked with the absolute winner of the All-Russian Olympiad in Technology - 2018, a student of the 11th grade of Lyceum No. 145 in Kazan Adiley Nazyrova about the "Olympic" lifestyle, sources of inspiration and plans to create his own clothing line.

I have been interested in needlework since the age of 6. Technology teacher in grades 5–6 Tatyana Alexandrovna Vlasova taught me the basics of sewing. Then I studied at school No. 170 in Kazan. In the 7th grade, I entered the physics and mathematics class of Lyceum No. 145 and became interested in other subjects, including Tatar literature, and won the regional Olympiad in this subject. However, a year later, my interest in sewing resumed: I began to search the Internet for information about modeling, read books on sewing business and made her first dress. That year, a student of the 11th grade of our lyceum became the winner of the All-Russian Olympiad in Technology. I thought about this competition all summer long, learned all the information, and at the beginning of the new academic year, I approached my technology teacher with a desire to take part in the Olympiad in her subject.

This year I became the absolute winner of the All-Russian Technology Olympiad. I went to this victory for three years, every year I improved my projects and climbed one step higher. In the 9th grade, I won the republican round, last year I became the winner of the All-Russian stage of the Olympiad for schoolchildren in this subject. This year my technology teacher and I Irina Arkadyevna Mitrofanova we thought for a long time about the ideas of the project, evaluated last year's works presented at the All-Russian Olympiad. We needed to create a project that could be better than all others. As a result, we found such an idea, implemented it and achieved our goal.

I presented at the Olympics innovative project"Playing together" to design clothes with children's educational games. The collection created for the project consists of 17 items for 4 models: mom, dad, daughter and son. It includes t-shirts, skirts, trousers, shorts, vest, top, shoes and accessories, 4 of them have educational games. Mommy's skirt is a mini-game center that includes three games: Adventure Game, Fun Math and Fun ABC to help develop fine motor skills hands, logical thinking and figurative perception of the material. Three games are also hidden in dad's vest: table football, "Tools" and "Secrets of the Universe", which introduce the names of the planets and the tools that men need in everyday life. The daughter's top contains removable elements with the games "Checkers", "Kingley" and "Geometric Tetris", and the adventure game "Treasure Island" is hidden in the son's vest: in order to open the chest located on the back of the vest, you need to complete the quest and find the key to the lock. In addition, each of the models has accessories, for example, mom has a bag-house with games to develop orientation in space and familiarize children with the rules traffic. In dad's backpack there is a book that develops logical thinking, teaches the child to read and write. Daughter's bag easily turns into a self-assembled tablecloth. The bag contains dishes of the Tatar national cuisine: chak-chak, vak belesh, talkysh keleve, ochpochmak, kystyby, bavyrsak and a tea set made of felt. With this set, children can learn the names of Tatar dishes and the rules of etiquette. For my son, I sewed a bag of fishing tackle, which I also made myself. While playing fishing, children learn the names of the inhabitants of the water depths, learn to distinguish between sea and river animals. To use, it is enough to lay out these clothes and accessories on the table, on the floor or on the ground in the park.

At the invitation of the University of Talents, opera singer and presenter Ruslan Zakirov helped me prepare for the performance at the Olympiad. At the regional stage, I was recommended to improve my presentation. I approached the Talent University with a request to find an expert who would help make my presentation interesting, and this is how I met Ruslan Zakirov. Thanks to working with him, I was able to adequately present my project at the Olympiad and interest the jury. My presentation was clear and well structured, and my speech artistic. I have never performed so well. I alone would not be able to prepare such a presentation.

The desire to win, ambition, dedication, hard work - that's what helped me achieve success. If you have the will, you can do the impossible. During the preparation of the project for the Olympiad, I had many questions and problems regarding tailoring. For example, for sewing T-shirts, I needed a special sewing machine for knitwear. I agreed with one atelier and sewed for them for 3-4 hours over several days. I really liked the idea of the project, the desire to implement it was strong, and it pushed me to find solutions, deal with incomprehensible moments and acquire new skills.

My grandmother gave me a sewing machine in the 5th grade. Nothing would have happened without her. I sew all the time on this machine. For any holiday I create a new outfit for myself. Sometimes I finish at 3 am, and at 6 am I get up and go to the event. My great-grandmother was a professional dressmaker. She sewed clothes for several villages day and night, she was a craftswoman. Perhaps I inherited her talent.

You need to pay a lot of attention to your clothes, especially when you participate in any event. I'm in Everyday life I wear not eye-catching clothes, but for events I try to wear something bright, noticeable. I agree with the proverb "Meet by clothes, see off by mind." Clothes are business card with which your success may begin.

If I created my own clothing line, it would be done in colorful and bright colors. I would borrow some elements from Dolce & Gabbana. I really like the clothes of this brand: its pretentiousness and variety of colors are chic. I don't know how you can create such beautiful clothes.

I think being a perfectionist is good. I also have this quality. I am an excellent student at school, I strive to do everything in the best possible way, I participate in olympiads and in other subjects. This year is the winner regional stage Olympiads in Tatar literature and participated in the International Olympiad in Tatar language. The desire to be the best helps a lot during the creation of the project, it also helped me in the Olympiad.

I am motivated by competition and my mother. Mom gladly accepts all my ideas, supports them during their implementation and shows how best to proceed. She tells me very often that I'm good. To a greater extent, I am grateful to her, because when no one supports you, it is very difficult. And competition pushes me every day to become better.

Even if no one believes in you but yourself, you can succeed. The detachment of others causes resentment, which increases perseverance, the desire to win and show everyone that you can. I also had those moments.

The Olympics takes a lot of effort, but the result is worth it. The Technology Olympiad lasts one week and consists of several rounds, which include the completion of theoretical and practical tasks and the defense of the project. The theoretical part includes questions not only on modeling, sewing and housekeeping, but also questions related to physics, history, chemistry, biology, literature, economics. There was also a question about the professions of the future - the knowledge gained at the University of Talents helped me. The whole week passes in a tense atmosphere, it is not easy to endure. By the end of the Olympiad, you begin to think: “On next year I won't participate." But a year later you sit down to do a new project, and those stages that you went through the previous time already seem easier. “The root of the teaching is bitter, but its fruit is sweet” - this is about the Olympics. You need to work very hard, invest in yourself, overcome laziness. And the one who becomes the winner receives a cash prize, status and admission to a university.

Thanks to the Olympiad, I can enter the budget department of any specialized Russian university without taking into account the results of the USE. It remains only to choose a university. I think at the expense of St. Petersburg state university industrial technologies and design, on the basis of which the All-Russian stage of the Olympiad in Technology was held. I also consider Kazan: in KFU there is a design direction where you can do fashion design, and you won’t have to leave anywhere.

While preparing for the Olympiad in Technology, I was very inspired by the champion Alina Zagitova. I have watched her performance at the Olympics many times. I admire her diligence, perseverance and perseverance. Her example had a profound effect on me.

Talent University is a friend who will always support and never leave. He helped me in many ways. After attending the educational modules of the University of Talents, I changed: I became more confident, sociable, learned to set goals that fit my abilities, and this contributed to my victory at the Olympiad. I used to do everything myself, and teamwork was a big problem for me. And on the modules I had to constantly work in a team, and I gradually learned to take into account the opinions of others. At the events of the University of Talents, I met talented and creative people who understand me, and we continue to communicate. I am very grateful to the Talent University.

My motto is "Never give up". When you get tired or something does not work out, the desire to continue the work you have started disappears. During the preparation for the Olympics, there were also moments when I wanted to quit everything. My motto helped me move on.

Leysan Fayzullina,
Talent University Media Lab

The role of applied knowledge has increased all over the world, which is reflected in the appearance in the curricula of many countries of the subject "Technology", the main focus of which is project activity. Technology reflects the totality of the concentrated foundations of all areas of knowledge accumulated by mankind in obtaining, transforming and using materials and information. It is precisely the subject that helps schoolchildren to combine disparate knowledge in individual branches of science, shows where and how this knowledge can be used.

With the right approach, the method of projects can become a method capable of linking together the solution of many problems, which allows you to qualitatively verify the content of topics and sections of the program, the level of assimilation of educational material by schoolchildren, activates the creative development of the individual and forms the qualities necessary for successful social adaptation.

The venue for the third stage of the Technology Olympiad is the workshops and classrooms of the Voronezh State Pedagogical University. Students of grades 8-11 submit projects for the Olympiad in the basic sections of the mandatory minimum content in technology (technologies for processing structural and ornamental materials; culture at home; technologies for processing textiles and food products; artistic processing of materials; electrical engineering and electronics; agricultural production technologies).

Creative projects cover one or more sections of content on technology and include educational material from both general sections (information technology; drafting and graphics; fundamentals of entrepreneurship; fundamentals of design, professional self-determination) and from various fundamentals of the sciences studied at school, which contributes to students' understanding of the meaning of knowledge in practical activities.

Olympiads are held in two directions: technical work (boys) and service work (girls) in three stages: checking theoretical knowledge (testing), testing practical skills (performing a practical task according to instructional and technological maps) and defending the project. Moreover, the project evaluates: its practical part, explanatory note and public defense of the project using an electronic presentation.

A teacher helping a student to carry out a creative project should tell him how to prepare a high-quality presentation and conduct a pre-defense, teaching the author of the project to correctly use the material posted on the slides, skillfully supplementing his report with it, which is given no more than seven minutes during the defense. When creating a multimedia presentation, it is necessary to achieve maximum information saturation of the product while ensuring the simplicity and transparency of the presented material.

Each phrase must be critically considered: will the listeners understand it? Cumbersome and slurred phrases should be ruthlessly removed from the presentation. Any phrase should be informative and necessary for commenting on a particular slide;

Congestion and small print are difficult to perceive, underloading leaves the impression that the speech is superficial and poorly prepared;

List items are short phrases; maximum - two lines per phrase, optimally - one line. Reading a long phrase diverts attention from the report. A short phrase is easier to remember visually;

Each phrase should logically lead to the following phrases - in the end, the whole performance should be subordinated to the main goal. The report cannot repeat the same thought, even in other words - time is precious.

But along with the achievements of the Olympiad, the problems of technological education in general and the level of training in certain areas and sections of technology in particular are revealed. Thus, the results of practical tours showed a rather low level of students' skills in working with modern sewing machines; insufficiently good use of instructional and technological maps; not always informative presentation. A lot of criticism from the jury is caused by the careless attitude of both students and teachers to compliance with safety regulations during the practical tour in the educational workshops of the VSPU and at the stages of the implementation of creative projects (this is revealed during the verification of explanatory notes). I would like to see more social projects, in electrical engineering and electronics, in local history; complex multifunctional projects using little-known or new technologies.

The implementation of projects contributes not only to the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities, but also plays an important role in the development of students' creative abilities, in identifying their interests and inclinations, which in turn forms a professional orientation and desire to engage in research work. Students who entered our university based on the results of Olympiads, as a rule, are characterized only on the positive side: they study well, are active, many of them continue their studies in the magistracy. Possession of project activities allows students to deeply appreciate the significance of "Technology" in human life and society is determined by the requirements.

Design work for the Olympiad on mechanical technology. History of success

Tutoring

Popular